Ebook hướng dẫn trả lời câu hỏi và bài tập lịch sử 11 nâng cao phần 1

Cau 3 : NhGng s\i ki^n the hi^n thai dp ciia nhan dan lao dpng, quy tpc, ti^ san Ha L a n trong cupc dS'u tranh chong chlnh quyen Tay Ban Nha de giai phong dat nxidc.. * Hudng ddn trd I

Trang 1

P H A N MOT

L f C H Sir mt G I 6 I C A N D A I

ChUdng I

C A C C U Q C C A C H M A N G T U S A N ( G I O A T H E Ki X V I - CUOl T H E K I X V I I I )

Bdi 1

C A C H M A N G H A L A N GI0A T H E K I X V I

I. cAu H6I, BAI TAP c d BAN

CSu 1: Nhitog s\i ki$n nao chufng to kinh te Ha L a n phat trien?

* HUdng ddn trd Idi :

- San xuat trong cdc c6ng triJ&ng thu cong phdt trien (cdc ng&nh nau dUcmg, xa phong, ng^nh det, )

- Nhieu th^nh thi xuat hien trd th^nh trung t&m san xuat, thucfng mai

Idn nhuf Ly-den, U-trech, Am-xtec-dam

- Nhieu ngan h^ng dUdc thanh lap va dong vai tro quan trong trong qud

trinh phdt trien kinh tg' Mt n\Xdc

Cau 2 : Nh€fng nguyen nhan nao dan tdri cupc dau tranh cua nhan

dan Ne-dec-lan chong chinh quyen Tay Ban Nha?

* Hudng ddn trd lai :

- Nhan dan Ne-dec-lan bi boc lot n&ng ne, miJc thue ra't cao chiem den 2/5

ng&n sdch chung

- Vua Tay Ban Nha dan ap khoc liet nhiJng ai chong lai dao Thien Chiia

- Hang hoa nude ngo^i nhap v^o Ne-dec-lan bi d6ng thue cao

- Thuong nhan Ha Lan bi han che bu6n b ^ vol cdc thuoc dia cua Tay Ban Nha

Cau 3 : NhGng s\i ki^n the hi^n thai dp ciia nhan dan lao dpng, quy

tpc, ti^ san Ha L a n trong cupc dS'u tranh chong chlnh quyen Tay Ban Nha de giai phong dat nxidc

* Ha&ng ddn trd lai :

• Thai dd cua qudn chung :

+ Th^ng 8 - 1566, cupC da'u tranh cua nhan dSn Ne-dec-lan chong Tay

Ban Nha trd th^nh mot \ka song manh me Ho phd nha thd Thien Chua,

lung b^t gi^m muc

+ Thang 10 - 1566, phong tr^o lan rpng ra 12 tinh, buoc chinh quyen Tfiy Ban Nha phai nhuang bp

- Thai dd cua quy tgc vd tu sdn :

+ Ung ho phong tr^o da'u tranh cua qu^n chung de chong lai chinh quyen Tay Ban Nha

3

Trang 2

+ G i a n h a p viio h a n g ngu quan khdi nghia ciia quan chung chong lai T a y

B a n N h a giknh quyen l a n h dao phong tr^o dau t r a n h nhifng l a i d l thod

hiep vdi ke thu

Cau 4 : Trinh bay nhu'ng net chinh ve d i l n bien ciia Cach mang Ha

Lan qua cac giai doan

4 - 11 - 1576

Nam 1648

Sijf ki^n chu yeu

- Nhan dan tan cong, dap pha nha thcf Thien Chua Giao

- Phong trao lan rong ra 12 tinh, chinh quyen Tay Ban Nha phai nhircrng bo

- Chinh quyen Tay Ban Nha phai 18000 quan sang chiem dong toan bo lanh thd Ne-dec-lan

- Quan khdi nghia giai phong nhieu vung rpng Idfn

- Quan dpi Tay Ban Nha tan cong giet chet

8000 ngirdi, pha huy mot trung tam thi/cfng mai

- Hoi nghi U-trech gom dai bieu cac tinh

m i l n B^c hop tuyen bo' thanh lap "Cac tinh Lien Hiep"

- Tay Ban Nha chinh thiifc cong nhan nen doc lap cua "cac tinh Lien Hiep"

Cau 5: Neu ket qua va han che cua Cach mang Ha Lan

* Huang ddn trd Wi :

- Kit qua :

+ Che do thong t r i cua Tay Ban Nha bi lat dS, md diTcfng cho chu nghia

t\X ban phat trien

+ Chi thay the sir thong t r i ciia Tay Ban Nha b^ng sif ap bufc boc lot ciia

tu san, quy toe trong nirdc

- Han che :

+ ChUa giai phong nhan dan lao dong khoi ap bufc boc lot

+ Chua giai quyet ducrc vSn de ruong da't chosnong dan

Cau 6: V i sao C U Q C dau tranh giai phong dan tQC cua nhan dan

Ne-dec-lan di^cfc xem la C U Q C each maing ti^ san ?

* Huang ddn trd Wi :

- Sau khi cdch mang th^ng lai, chu nghia tu Mn da duac thiet lap va phat

trien d Ha Lan; cdc ng^nh san xua't d f t len, nhuom, thiiy tinh va che tao

kinh quang hoc duoc diy manh; thucfng nghiep phdt trien; th^nh thi sam uS't

trd thanh trung tam kinh te, chinh t r i , van h6a cua dat nUdc (ti^u bieu la Thanh phd Am-xtec-dam) ; cac cong t i thuang mai cua Ha Lan (Cong t i phucfng Dong, Cong ti Dong An, ) khong chi md rpng vi^c buon bdn vdi

nhieu nUdc tren the gidi mk cbn tien hanh xam chiem thupc dia

- Day la cupc cdch rnang tu san no ra sdrm nha't, thiic day sU bung no

nhieu cupc each mang tU santiep theo CAc cupc cdch mang tU san sau nay

diln ra dudi anh sang tU tudng ciia cdch mang Ha Lan

- Sau thdng Ipi cua each mang, Nha nUdc tU san dau tien tren the gidi

dupe thig't lap, md ra thdi dai mdi trong lich siif nhan loai - thdi lich suf can

dai, thdi dai th^ng Ipi va xac lap phucfng thuTc san xua't tU ban chu nghia tren

pham vi the gidi

II C A U HOI, BAI TAP BO SUNG Cau 1 : Hay neu dac diem tinh hinh kinh te, xa hpi Ne-dec-lan triidc each mang

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- Dau the ki XVI, Ne-d6e-lan la mot trong nhufng vting kinh te phdt trien

nha't chau Au :

Nhieu thanh pho, h.4i cdng xua't hi$n va trd thanh trung tam thUdng mai

noi tieng nhu U-tr§'ch, Am-xtec-dam

Nhieu ngan hang dupe thanh lap va ddng Vai tr6 quan trong trong qud trinh phat trien kinh tg'

- Cung vdi sU phdt t r i l n cong thuofng nghiep, giai ca'p tU san Nd-dec-lan sdm hinh thanh, ngay cang cd the lue ve kinh te

- Tu tudng Ton gido ciia Can-vanh phat trien

- VUdng quoc Tay Ban Nha tang cUdng kiem soat va vP v^t cua cai cua nhan dan Ne-d6e-lan, dong thdi dan dp nhijtng ngUdi theo Thien Chua giao

Cau 2 : Tai sao noi : Tinh hinh kinh te, chinh tri, xa hpi cua Ha Lan trifdc each mang chuan bi dieu ki$n cho each mang bung n6' ?

- Su phat trien kinh tg'd Ha Lan da tao dieu kien cho luc lUdng sdn xua't

tu ban chu nghia (TBCN) hinh thanh, phat t r i l n : dan den mau thuan gay

gAi giCra luc lupng san xua't tien tien TBCN va quan he san xua't phong kien

- Trong xa hoi xua't hien giai ca'p mdi g^n lien vdi luc lUpng sdn xuat

TBCN la giai ca'p tu san, dSy la giai ca'p triic tiep lanh dao each mang

- Chinh sach thong t r i ha khde, sU boc lot vat cha't va tinh than tan bao

ciia de quoc Tay Ban Nha dSn den mau thuSn gay g^t khong the dieu hda noi

gifla toan the dan toe Ne-dec-lan vdi de quoc Tay Ban Nha

- Ta't ca tinh hinh neu tren da dSn den cupc cdeh mang giai phdng dan toe

mang tinh chat tu sdn d Ne-d6c-lan chong laiaeh thong t r i cua de quS'c Tay Ban Nha

5

Trang 3

C a u 3 : Thai dO cua quSn chiing nhkn dSn va tvt skn, quy t^c Ne-dec-lan

t r o n g cuQC e a c h m a n g da noi len dieu gi ?

- Quan chung nhan ddn la life lucfng kien quyet da'u t r a n h , ho d6ng vai t r 6

quan t r o n g t r o n g tien t r i n h phdt t r i e n cua cdch mang, qu^n chiing nhfin dfin

\k d6ng lire quan t r o n g gop phfin tao nen t h ^ n g l o i cua cdch mang

- Giai ca'p tiT sdn, qujr tOc Ne-d6e-lan 1^ ngudi to ehuTc l a n h dao n h a n dan

dau t r a n h song l a i lo s o phong tr^o cdch m a n g cua qudn ehiing, ho dao dong,

de thoa hiep vdi ke t h u

C a u 4 : Neu tinh chat va y nghia cua each mang ttf san Ha Lan,

* Huang ddn trd lai :

- Tinh chdt : Cdeh mang tiT sAn L a n vCfa Ik mot cuge chi§n t r a n h giai

phong dan toe, viTa 1^ eugc cdch mang tir s&n, bdi v i n6 ^'ira ehdng bon x a m

Ixxac Tay Ban N h a viTa m d dir&ng cho chu nghla tir ban phdt trien Dong lire

cua ckch mang Ik dong dao qudn chung nhan dan (nong dan, t h o t h u cong,

dan nghfeo t h a n h t h i ) L a n h dao cdeh mang la giai cap tir san K e t qua cua

cdch mang : ddnh do dch thong t r i ciia Tay Ban Nha, gi&nh doe lap dan toe,

lap nen N h a nirdc cpng hoa

- Y nghla ;

+ Day Ik cuoc cdch mang tir san dau ti§n t r e n the gidi, m d diTdng cho chu

nghia tir ban phat t r i e n

+ M d ra nigt t h d i dai mdi - thdi dai ciia cac cuoc cdch mang tif san va

birdc dau suy vong cua che do phong kien

Bai2

C A C H M A N G T l / S A N A N H G I C T A T H E K I X V I I

I C A U H 6 I , B A I T A P CCf BAN

Cau 1: Quan h^ tuT ban chu nghia xam nh$p vao nong thon Anh nhxX

the nao ? V a ket qua r a sao ?

- Quan he k i n h te t i e n te da xam nhap vao nong t h o n A n h , da l a m thay

doi CO cau k i n h te vk phirong thure k i n h doanh : L a n h chiia phong k i e n va

mot bo phan nong dan chuyen sang nuoi ciTu, ban loug ciTu M o t so dia chu

duoi ta dien ehiem ruong dat bien t h a n h ' m o t vui^i rong Idn, ap dung phiTOng

thufc canh tac m d i , hoSe trong c6 nuoi ciTu ' *

- Nong d a n bi duoi k h d i dong ruong, di l a m thue cho d i a chii quy toe, diroc

t r a tien cong Ho s a n xuat nguyen lieu va thirc pham de cung cap cho t h i

trirdng A n h va cac thupc dia ciia A n h

- Nhieu cong trirdng chuyen san xuat l e n xuat hien, nhieu nganh cong

nghiep khac cung Idn manh

6

- Kit qua : M a m mong quan he san xuA't tiT b i n chu nghia d a t h a m n h ^ p

vao nong t h o n d A n h , chuan h i cho C U Q C each m a n g tir s a n bung no

Cau 2 : Tinh hinh xa hpi nrfdc Anh trtfdfc each mang c6 nhuTng n6t

noi b^it nao?

- Nong dan bi mfi't ruong dat p h a i hkn siJc lao dpng cho t u ban

- M p t so' dia chu t r d t h ^ n h quy tpc mdi

- M&u thuSn xa hpi gay git, d i n t d i cupc da'u t r a n h chong che' dp phong ki§'n, tao dieu k i e n cho k i n h te tiT ban chu nghia phAt t r i e n

C a u 3 : C U Q C each mang t\i san Anh the ki X V I I dien r a nhi^ the nao

trong nhiiTng nSm 1642 - 1648 ?

- N a m 1640, Vua Sac-lcf I tripu tap Quoe hpi, m a m mong cupc npi chie'n

xuat hien

- T h d n g 1 - 1642, Sdc-lof I ehay len mien B i c chuan b i liTc lirpng

- Ng^y 22 - 8 - 1642, Sdc-lcr I tuyen chie'n vdi quoe hpi - npi chie'n b i t dau

- Ng^y 1 4 - 6 -• 1645, quan dpi nha vua tha't bai, Sac-lcf I bi hkt

- Mua xukn 1648, Sae-lof I tiep tuc chi§'n t r a n h chong Quoe hOi nhitog b i

t h a t bai - n p i chie'n ket thiic

C a u 4: Tim hieu vai net ve 6-li-vot Crom-oen

- 6-li-vd Crom-oen (1599 - 1658) l a mpt trong nhuTng l a n h t u xuat sAc cua

phdi doe l a p , tieu bieu cho t a n g Idp quy tpc m d i loai vifa

- Trong giai doan thuf n h a t cua cdeh mang (1642 - 1 6 4 8 ) , ong dirpe nhan

dan ung hp d a t i e n h a n h eai cdch, to chile l a i quan ddi bao gom ehu yeu l a nong dan c6 t i n h k y luat va t i n h t h a n chie'n da'u cao, dirpc gpi l a " D p i quan

sudn s i t " , gom 22.000 ngifdi

- N a m 1653, quan dpi m d i va giai ca'p tiT san diTa O-li-vo Crom-oen len

l a m Bao hp cong Che dp doe t a i quan sir diTpc t h i e t l a p

- Ngay 3 - 9 - 1658, 6-li-vcf Crom-oen qua ddi

C a u 5 : Trinh bay d i l n bien chlnh va ket qua cua cupc Cach mang txi

san Anh tiif nam 1649 den nhfing nam 1688 - 1689

- Ngay 03 - 9 - 1658, Crom-oen qua ddi, nirdc A n h rcfi vao t i n h trang

kh6n(? on d i n h ve c h i n h t r i Quy tpc mdi va tiT san thoa hiep vdi lire lirpng phong kien cu, lap fhe dp quan chu

7

Trang 4

- N a m 1660, con Sdc-lcf I 1^ SAc-la I I len ngoi vua Trieu dai Xtiu-dt dxigc

phuc hoi

- Thdng 12 - 1688, Quoc hoi dung dp liic phe trufi't ngoi Sdc-lo I I

- Dau nam 1689, t u san va quy toe m6i dUa V O-ran-gio I I I len ng6i vua,

che do quan chu lap hien diTcfc xdc lap

Cau 6 : Hay neu tfnh chS't va y nghia ciia cu^c each mang tu" san

Anh Vi sao C U Q C each mang tvi san Anh la C U Q C each mang tvl san

khong triQt de ?

- Tinh chdt

+ Cach mang do quy toe mdi v^ tir san lanh dao

+ Quan chiing nhan dan giOf vai tro quyet dinh thdng Igi cho each mang,

+ Quy t6c mdri v^ tU san ndm chinh quyen, khong dap ufng yeu cau cua

nhan dan *

+ Sif nhiTotng b6 cua quy tgc mdi va tU sdn da dSn d§'n t h ^ n h l$p che dp

quan chu lap hien

- Y nghia :

+ Lat do che do phong kien, mcf ducmg cho chu nghia tvt ban d Anh phdt tri^n

+ M d ra thori k i qua dp tii che dp phong kien sang che dp tU ban

- Vi soo •

+ Cach mang tif san A n h 1^ mot cupc each mang t\i san n h k m vao muc

tieu dau tranh chdng che dp phong kien Day la muc tieu phii hop v(Ji yeu ca"

cua each mang

+ Den nam 1949, each mang da xuf tuf vua Sac-lo I , thiet lap che dp

cpn,-hok Cdeh mang dat den dinh eao

+ Nhiftig sau doi quy toe mdi va t u san l a i nhirang bp cho phong kien M

roi thiet lap d A n h che dp quan chu lap hien (vCra c6 vua, viTa c6 t\i san),

nghia 1^ cdeh mang chua ho^n thanh nhiem vu cua minh, nen no la cupc

cdch mang t\i san khong tript d§

Cau 7 : Neu nhihig tien de cua C U Q C Cach mang ttf san Anh the ki XVII

- Tien de kinh te : Tii giOfa the k i X V I , quan he tien tp da tham nhap vao

nong thon A n h l ^ m thay doi ca cau k i n h te va phifong thiJe k i n h doanh :

+ Lanh chiia phong kien va mot bp-phan nong ddn ehuyen sang nuoi eifu,

bdn long cim

+ Nhieu cong trifcfng san xuat len da xuait hien

+ Nhieu nganh cong nghiep Idn manh

+ Nhieu ngan hang ra dcri

+ Viee buon ban phat dat va do thucfng nhan n^m giOr

- Tien di xa hoi :

+ Nong dan b i mS't rupng da't phdi bdn sue lao dpng cho tii ban

+ Mot so dia chu t r d thanh quy toe mdi

+ Mau thuan xa hoi gay g^t, dan tdfi cupc da'u tranh chong che dp phong ki§n, tao dieu kien cho k i n h te' tu ban chu nghia phat t r i l n

- NhUng tien de ve k i n h te va xa hpi da dfin den bung no cupc Cach mang

tu san A n h the k i X V I I

Cau 8 : Lap nien bieu cac SJX ki^n chinh cua Cach mang tvt san Anh

Giai (loan Nien dai Sii ki6n chu yg'u

Giai dogn 1 - I\iam 1640 - Vua sac-la i trieu tgp Qu6'c tiOi, mam mpng cupc nOi

1642 - 1648 ctiien xua't hien

-Thang 1-1642 - sac-lo 1 chay len mien Bic chua'n bi li/c lUdng,

- 22 - 8 - 1642 - Sac-la 1 tuygn chien vdi Quoc hOi - nOi chien hk dau

- 14 - 6 - 1645 - Quan dpi nha vua that bai, Sac-lo 1 bi bat

- Mua xuan 1648 - sac-lo 1 tiep tuc chien tranh chong Quoc hOi nhung

bi that bgi - noi chien k§'t thiic

Giai doan - 30 - 1 - 1649 - sac-lo 1 bi xi!ni;r; nuSc Anh tr6 thanh nu8c cong hoa

1649 -1688

- Nam 1653 - O.Crom-oen tr5 thanh B^o hO c6ng ; chg' d6 dOc tai

quan sa di/oc thiet ISp

- 03 - 9 - 1658 - 0:CrSm-oen qua dc)i, nu8c Anh khung hoang chinh tri

- N5m 1660 - Con Sac-lo 1 la Sac-lo II lgn ng5i vua

- Thang 12-1688 - QuC'c hpi dung ap IL/C phe truat ngoi Sac-lo II

- O^u nam 1689 - Tir san va quy t6c mcii dua V.O-ran-giO III l§n ng6i

vua, che dp quS-n chu ISp hig'n di/pc xac lap

+ Dau the k i X V I I , A n h 1^ nUdc c6 nen k i n h te phat trien manh nha;

chau Au nhd su phat trien manh me ciia ngoai thuong, chii yeu 1^ ban len d

Trang 5

- Diin bien :

+ T h d n g 8 - 1642, Sdc-lcf I tuyen chig'n vcJi Quoc hgi, ngi chien bung no

+ Ng&y 30 - 1 - 1649, Sac-lcr I b i xuf tilf, nen, Cong hok A n h duac thig't

lap, each mang dat den d i n h cao

+ N a m 1653, nen doc thi diTctc thiet lap do Crom-oen dufng dau

+ T h d n g 12 n a m 1688, Quoc hpi tien hanh chinh bien, sau d6 che do

qudn chu lap hien duoc xac lap

- Ket qua, y nghia :

+ Lat do che do phong ki&n, md dudng cho chu nghia t u b i n d A n h phat trien

+ M d ra thdi k i qua do tit che do phong kien sang che do t u Mn

C a u 2 : So s a n h e a c h m a n g ti^ s a n H a L a n v a e a c h m a n g tvC s a n A n h

each mgng tt/ sin Lan C^ch mang tu sin Anh

Gid'ng nhau - Co myc 'tigu ta'n c6ng la Giao hpi Ki-t6

- Chiu Snh ht/6ng cua t6n giao

- Mfl duftng cho kinh tg' tii ban chu nghia phat trien

- Deu la cuOc each mgng tU san chaa tri§t de,

- DOng li/c chu yeu la quan chiing nhSn d§n

- Chua giai quyet dLitjc ruOng dat cho n6ng dan, khSng giai ph6ng hoan toSn ngucii lao dong

KMc nhau - Da'u tranh giai phong d§n tOc

- Thi§'t l§p nen cOng hoa

- Tigu di^t ch§' dp phong kiS'n Tay Ban

Nha, m& dSu M\i tu ban chu nghTa

- Npi chi§'n chS'ng phong kien

- Thig't l§p nSn quSn chu i^p hi§'n

- Choa ti6u digt t5n goc ch6' dO

Nguyen nhan - Dau thg' ki XVII, Anh la ni/i5c c6 ngn kinh te ph^t tri^n mgnh nhat

chSu Au nhd su phat trig'n manh me cua ngoai thi/ong, chlj yeu la bSn len dg va bu6n no 1? da den

- Dia chij quy tOc, chuyg'n huSng kinh do^hh the© 151 ti/ ban chu nghTa ; d5n dan tu san hoa va tr6 thanh tSng Idp qay tOc mdi

- Sy xam nh§p cua chu nghTa tu ban vao trong nfing nghigp di§n ra mgnh me

- Mau thucin giOa tu san vS quy tOc mfii vdi cac th§' li/c phong kien phan dOng trS nen gay gSt

- Sac-lo 1 cai trj dpc doan, d3t ra nhi^u thiJ thu§' mcii

10

Vai tro lanh dao Quy tOc mfli tu sSn

DOng lyc ChiJ yg'u la nSng dan, tho thij c6ng, tu sin nh6

Muc tigu Lat d6 ch6' dO phong kig'n, tao dilu ki§n cho chu nghTa tU bSn phat tri§'n

Kg't qui Xac lap ch§' dO quan chu lap hi§'n, han ch§' vudng quy^n, quy tOc m6i va

tu san c6 nhi^u quygn Ipl vl kinh te va chinh tri Nhan dan lao dOng

khSng dupe huSng quy^n Ipi gi

Tinh chat,

y nghTa

La cuOc each mang tu san khOng trigt dfi' nhung c6 inh hu6ng Idn dg'i

SI/ phat trien cua Ijch sif loai ngudl trong giai dogn chuyen [is che dO

phong ki§'n sang ch§' dO tu ban chiJ nghTa

c a u 4 : H a y nfiu v a i tro c u a C r o m - o e n t r o n g t i e n t r i n h C a c h m a n g t\i

s a n A n h

* HUcng ddn trd Idi :

- Trong giai doan 1642 - 1649: Crom-oen biet dua vao n h a n dan de thi/c hi$n cac n h i e m vu each mang :

+ Lap quan doi c6 t i n h k i luat va t i n h t h a n chien dau cao, dugc goi l a

"DOi quan sirom sAt"

+ Quan doi ctla Crom-oen dong vai tro quyet d i n h trong viec chien dau va

chien t h i n g quan cua nha vua Sac-lo I , dSn den ket thuc cupc noi chien, diTa nifdc A n h den d i n h cao cua cdch mang, do la thiet lap nen Cong hoa tU san

- Trong giai doan 1649 - 1658 : Crom-oen l a ng^di bao ve quyen loi cho

giai cap s a n , dia chu, dung che dp thong t r i quan sif va quyen doc tai quSn

sir de phuc vu chc tang Idp tren, giau c6 va diing chien t r a n h d§ md dudng cho viec xay dung mpt dao quan thuoc dia hung hau cua nUdc A n h sau nay

- Cac thuoc dia A n h d B&c M i deu dat dudi quyen cua vua A n h Cac thupc

dia nay la nguon cung cap nguyen lieu va la t h i trifdng tieu thu hang hoa cua chinh quoc ; dong thdi phai tuan thii cac dao luat khat khe do A n h d l ra nhU:

LuEit Hang hai (1561), Luat Dir&ng (1764), Luat Tem (1764), Luat Che (1770)

- K i t qua ciia cupc k h a i thac thupc dia ciia A n h la mot can t r d Idn doi vdi

sir phat I n e n xa hpi Bdc M l , tuy nhien iien k i n h te d hai mien B^c, N a m van phiit trien tnco coa dudng tiT ban chii nghia (mien Bac xay-diTng cac cong

11

Trang 6

triT^rng t h u cong, m i e n N a m phat t r i e n k i n h t e don dien) Nhieu t r u n g t a m

k i n h te' h i n h t h a n h

- Su tha'ng t r i h a k h i c ciia thuc dan A n h , m&u thuan giOfa ch&' do thupc dia v a

suf phat trien k i n h te t u ban chu nghia d BAc M l dSn tdi mau thuftn giufa nhan

dan thuoc dia B i c M i vdi thuc dan A n h , lam bung no nhieu cuoc dau tranh

C a u 2 : Tit s a u s\i k i ^ n " c h e B6-xtofn", c u p c c h i e n t r a n h g i a n h dpc l a p

da d i l n r a nhxi the n a o ?

- Cuoi n a m 1773, nhan dan cang B6-xtcfn t a n cong ba t a u chot chfe ciia

Anh va n e m cac t h u n g che xuong bien de phan do'i che do thue ciia A n h d6'i

vdri cac thuoc d i a Bac M i Thuc d a n A n h r a lenh dong cang Bo-xtcfn, l a m

ngutig t r 0 cac hoat ddng thirong m a i , n a n t h a t nghiep I a n t r a n T h a n g 4

-1774, A n h b a n bo 5 dao luat d a n ap, gay n e n phong tr^o dau t r a n h chong

Anh m a n h me ,

- Tir 5 - 9 den 26 - 10 - 1774, t a i Phi-la-den-phi-a da d i l n r a D a i h o i luc

dia I a n thuf n h a t , cdc d a i bieu nhat t r i yeu cau vua A n h b a i bo chinh sdch

han che cong thuong nghiep cf B^c M l Vua A n h khong chap n h a n m a con

c h u i n b i triftig phat

- T h a n g 4 - 1775, chien t r a n h giita thupc dia va chinh quoc da no ra, luc

d i u quan k h d i nghia chiu nhieu t h a t bai v i luTc lufomg non yeu, thieu sir t6

chufc chat che

- T h a n g 5 - 1775, D a i h o i luc dia Ian thuf hai hop tuyen bo c^t diJt quan

he v d i A n h , cung co lire lucfng vu u ang, t h a n h lap "Quan doi thuoc dia", dat

difdi s U chi huy cua Oa-sinh-ton Den dau n a m 1776, quan k h d i nghia chiem

+ Quyen con ngUori va quyen cong dan diTOc chinh thuTc cong bo' tru"(Jc

toan the n h a n loai

+ Nguyen t^c ve chii quyen cua nhan dan duoc de cao

- Han che : •

t

+ Kh6ng xoa bo che dp no le , ,

+ Cong n h a n va n h a n dan lao dpng v i n b i boc lot

C a u 4 : N e u n p i d u n g cof b a n c i i a H i e n p h a p 1 7 8 7

Huang ddn trd lai :

- H i e n phap neu ro niidc M i la nUdtc Cong hoa lien bang

- Thuc hien nguyen tAc p h a n quyen : Tong thong n a m quyen h a n h phap,

Quo'c hpi n^m quyen lap p h a p , Toa an to'i c a o n^m quyen t u p h d p

- Tong thong c6 n h i e m k i 4 nam, chi dupc t a i cijf 1 n h i e m k i : Tong thS'ng

la Tong T u lenh quan doi

- N h i t a g ngtfcfi c6 t a i san, c6 hoc va'n mdi dudc bau cur, phu n i l kh6ng c6

quyen bau cuf, no le va ngufdi In-di-an khong c6 quyen cong dan

- Che do no le vSn dugc duy t r i

C S u 5 : H a y n e u k e t q u a v a y n g h i a C U Q C C h i e n t r a n h g i a n h d p c l ^ p cua c a c t h u p c d i a A n h of B&c M i

- Ket qua :

+ Thang 9 - 1783, hoa Udc dufoc k i k e t t a i Vec-xai (Phap) A n h cong

nhan nen dpc lap cua 13 tljupc dia d B^c M i

+ N a m 1787, H i e n phap nudc M i duprc thong qua, ciing co' v i t r i ciia N h a

niTdc mdi

+ N a m 1789, Oa-sinh-tcfn difgc b^u l a m Tong thong dau tien ciia nUdc M i

- Y nghia :

+ Giai phong B^c M l k h d i sif tho'ng t r i ciia thiic dan A n h

+ M d durdng cho k i n h te i\i ban chii nghia d M i phat t r i e n

+ Gdp phan thiic day phong trao each mang cho'ng phong kie'n d chau

Au v a phong trao dau t r a n h gianh doc lap d M i L a - t i n h cuoi the k i X V I I I dau

th§'kiXIX

C a u 6 : Nhffng n g u y e n n h a n n a o d S n d e n t h S n g Igfi C U Q C C h i e n t r a n h

g i a n h dQC l ^ p c i i a n h a n d a n c a c nu!drc thuQC d i a A n h of B S c M i ?

• Nhcf c6 sU chi huy t a i t i n h ciia Oa-sinh-tcfn

- N h d CO sii ling hO ciia n h a n ddn

- N h d biet difa vao d i a the hiem t r d d B^c M i d§' phat huy loi ddnh du kich

- Nhcf cupc chien da'u chinh nghia dupfc cac t a n g Idp n h a n dan t i e n bp

Phdp v a n h a n d a n cac nUdc chau A u iing hp

C a u 7 : L ^ p n i e n b i e u v e C h i e n t r a n h g i a n h dQC Isip c i i a c a c thuQC dia A n h d B S c M i

- NhSn dSn Cang B6-xWn tan cong ba tau ch5 che cua Anh

- Dai hOi luc dia Ian 1 tai Phi-la-den-phi-a

- Chien tranh giOa cac thuOc dia va chinh qufi'c n6 ra

- Dgi hOi Igc dia lln thtf 2, tuy§n b6' dt dirt quan h$ v6i Anh

- QuSn khcfi nghTa chiem B6-xtcin

- HOi nghi lyc dia tgi Phi-la-den-phi-a da th6ng qua bhn Tuygn ngOn

Dpc Igp

Trang 7

- 1 7 - 1 0 - 1 7 7 7 - Quan khdi nghTa thSng Idn 6 Xa-ra-t6-ga

- Nam 1781 - Chien Mng l-o6c-tao, chS'm dirt chig'n tranh gi^nh dOc l$p

- Nam 1783 - Anh ky hi^p uOc Vec-xai (Phap) cong nh$n nen dpc l$p cua 13

* Huang dan trd lai :

- Muc tieu cua cupc each mang d xa h o i B^c M i l a giai quyet mau thuSn

giCa quan he san xuS't phong k i e n vdi liTc liTpng san xuat mdi T B C N , mo

ducfng cho n e n k i n h te T B C N phdt t r i e n

- Nhiftig muon hokn t h a n h muc tieu t r e n t h i viec dau t i e n Ih dau t r a n h

x6a bo n ^ n t h o n g t r i phi l i ciia A n h , g i ^ n h dpc lap dan tpc d Bic M i

- Life liJcfng l a n h dao l a giai cS'p tiX san

- Dong luc cua cAch mang : Nhan dan lao dong (no le, cong nhan, n6ng dan, )

- Cupc dau t r a n h giai phong dkn tpc d Bic M i md dudng cho chii nghia tu

ban phdt t r i e n t a i day

I I c A u H 6 I V A B A I T A P B O S U N G

C a u 1 : Ni^dfc M i dvC^c t h a n h l^p trong h o a n c a n h n a o ?

* Huang ddn trd Idi :

• T h d n g 5 - 1775, D a i h p i luc dia l ^ n thiJ h a i duoc t r i $ u tap, quyet d i n h

t h ^ n h lap "Quan dpi thupc d i a " v a bd n h i e m Oa-Sinh-tPn l a Tdng c h i huy,

dong t h d i keu goi n h a n dan t u nguyen dong g6p xfiy diftig quan dpi Cupc dau

t r a n h gianh dpc lap k h o n g ngitog phdt t r i e n Cdc thupc dia I a n lu-gt tuyen bd

tdch k h o i nude A n h

- Ngay 4 - 7 - 1776, D a i h o i thong qua ban Tuyen ngon Dpc lap c h i n h

thufc tuyen b d 13 thupc dia thodt l y k h o i c h i n h quoc, t h ^ n h lap m p t qudc gia

dpc lap - H o p chung qudc Hoa K i

C a u 2 : H ^ u q u a c i i a c h i n h s a c h thong t r i c u a A n h d B d c M i ?

- Sir thdng t r i ve c h i n h t r i cua A n h d B^c M l (To chiic cai t r i , phdp luat

hk kh^c) da can t r d sU phdt t r i e n san xuat t i i ban chu n,ghla

- Sir mat can ddi trong qud t r i n h phat t r i e n k i i i k te giufa mien B^c va mien

Nam B^c M i (mien Bdc ho^n t h k n h v^ phdt t r i e n nen k i n h te tir ban chu

nghia ; mien N a m lap k i n h te ddn d i l n v^ siJt dung lao dpng no le l ^ m thue)

- M a u t h u a n giCTa lire lirpng san xufi't tir ban chii nghia vdi quan he san

xuat phong k i e n lac hau

- Mau thuan giOfa che dp thupc dia vk sir phdt t r i ^ n k i n h te t u ban chu nghia,

mau thuSn giufa nhan dan thupc dia B^c M i vdi chu nghia thuc dan Anh

- x a c d i n h quyen cong dan trong viec t h i e t lap bp may n h a nude

- K h ^ n g d i n h quyen luc ciia giai cap tU san va ciia ngudi da t r ^ n g , khong xoa bd che dp no le, duy t r i vipe bdc l o t cong n h a n l a m thue

C a u 5 : H a y p h S n t i c h n h i i n g d i e m giong v a k h a c n h a u giffa e a c h

m a n g tiT s a n A n h v a C h i e n t r a n h g i a n h dpc l $ p d B d c M i

- Giong nhau :

+ Deu l a cuOe each mang t u san chua t r i p t de

+ Dong luc chu yeu ciia each mang l a quan chiing

+ T h a n g I p i cua each mang da m d dudng cho chu nghia tU ban phat

t r i l n d A u - M i + Cd a n h hudng sau rpng va cd y nghia qudc te Idn lao

+ Chua giai quyet dude v a n de rupng da't cho nong dan

- Khdc nhau :

Giai ca'p lanh dgo Tir san v& quy tOc m6i Ti/ san va chu n6

Ji!nh_thLfc NO! chig'n Chjg'n tranh giii ph6ng dan tOc

MhiOm vy L§t dd che dO phong kig'n L§t dd n6n thdng tri cua chinh

quygn thi;c dSn Anh

K6t quS Thi§'t l§p ngn quan chu ISp hig'n Thanh l^p nuflc Hoa Ki vdi n l n

cOng hoa ta s^n

15

Trang 8

Bai4

C A C H M A N G TlT S A N P H A P C U O I T H E K I X V I I I

I C A U H O I CO S A N T R O N G S A C H G I A O K H O A

Cau 1 : Nong nghi^p, cong - thi^ofng nghi^p Phap triidc each mang

C O nhCfng net noi bat gi ?

- Nong nghiep :

+ TrUdc each mang, Phap vkn Ik mot mrdrc nong nghiep kem phat trien

Cong cu va phuromg phap canh tAc tho scf, lac hau, nang suat thu hoach rat thap

+ D6i song nong dan ngay cang khon quSn bcri sir hoc lot den cung cue

cua lanh chiia phong kien va Giao hoi Nan doi thir6ng xuyer xay ra

- Cong - thiiang nghiep :

+ Cong nghiep Ph^p th6i k i nay da phat trien Nhieu thanh t h i nhu

Bo6c-d6, Nang-td, Ha-vrc( Idn inanh nhanh ch6ng do san xufi't va xuat khau

ta lua, vai, hang theu, len Cong nghiep phat trien manh nha't la ode nghe

det vai, tcf lua, luyen kim, khai mo, che tao vu khi

+ Ngoai thifcfng cung c6 nhOCng hu6c tien mdi, cac cong t i thuang mai Phap

buon ban vdi nhieu nUdc d chau Au va phuong Dong Song viec giao \iiu hang

hoa trong nifcJc cung nh\i vdi n\i6c ngoai bi can trd bdi che dp phong kien

Cau 2 : L a p srf do trinh bay ve che dp ba dang cap trong xa hoi

phong kien Phap Qua sof do giai thich ttfng ddng cap trong xa h^i

Phap tritoTc each mang

Quy toe

Nong dan

- Qkng cap c6 nnoi dSc quy^n

- Khong phai dong thue

- Xa hoi- Phap chia thanh ba d ^ g cap : T a n g iCr, Quy toe v a D ^ g cap thuT ba

- D i n g ctfp tang IC va ding cap quy toe phong kien la nhufng ding cap c6 nhieu dac quyen, dac lai Ho khSng phai dong thue', duoc hudng nhieu dac quyen, n i m giOf cac chufc vu trong bp mdy Nha nude, Quan dpi va Giao hpi

- Dang cap thd ba bao gom nhieu giai cap, tang Idp trong xa hpi (tu san, n6ng dan, dan ngheo thanh thi, cong nhan, ) c6 nhuTng quyen lai va nguyen vong khong giong nhau :

+ Tu san : Co the life ve kinh te, nhitog khong eo quyin Igi chinh tri, bi

n h a vua va lanh chiia dia phirang ngan can hoat dong kinh doanh Trong giai

cap t\i san lai chia nhieu tang Idp: dai tif san (chu ngan hang, nha buon Idn),

ta san Idn viTa (ta san cong thuang nghiep), tU san nho Xuat phat tiT dia vi, quyen Ipri cua minh, moi tang Idp tu san c6 sir khdc nhau v l thai dp chinh t r i

va tinh than dau tranh chong lai che dp phong kien Nong dan : chiem tren 90% dan so Phap, phan Idn l a t a diln, nop 50% hoa Ipi thu hoach, ddng

nhieu loai thue va nhieu nghia vu phong kien

+ Dan nghfeo t h a n h t h i (thg thu cong, buon bdn nho, dan ngh^o, ) song

ngh^o kho tam bg, chen chiic nhau d ngoai 6

+ Cong nhan : Song trong cac thanh thi Idn, dieu kien song va lao dong

ra't kho k h a n (lirang tha'p, cirdng dp lao dong cao, ngay lam vi$c keo dai, )

Cau 3 : Trinh bay nhfing quan diem ccf ban ciia cac nha tvL ttfdng

tien bp Phap cuo'i the ki XVIII Vi sao nhCng quan diem nay da tich crfc chuan bi cho C U Q C each mang sSp t<Ji ?

- S M6ng-te-xki-a (1689 - 1755): Chu trirang han che quyen ciia vua, dam

hko quyen tir do cua cong nhan, de ra nguyen t^c phan chia quyen lire ciia vua, quoc hoi va quan toa trong- bp may Nha mrdc theo ba quyen : hanh phap,

lap phap va tir phap

- Ph V6n-te (1764 - 1778) : Chii triTcfng xay diTng chinh quyen dan chu, do mot ong vua sdng suot diing dau; bao ve quyen tir do tin ngirdng, nhOng ong

lai len a n n h a this Co Doc Ong kh^ng dinh dieu kien tir huTu la dilu kien can

thie't cho xa hoi

- G Rut-x6 (1712 - 1778) : Chu trirang xoa bo che do quan chu, phan doi

che dp tir hiJu Idtn, ong chu trirang duy tri che dp ta hCfu nho

- J.Me-li-e (1664 - 1729) : Len an che dp ba't cong phong kien, sir doi tra

cua G i a o h p i , kien quyet dau tranh xoa bo sir ba't cong, thii ti§u che dp ta hCu,

coi rupng da't l a tai san chung cua nong dan

- Nhom Bach khoa toan tha : Chii traang bien soan v a phd bien rpng rai ki§'n thijfc khoa hoc cho quan chung de giac ngp ho da'u tranh chong che dp

phong kien

- Nhufng quan d i l m cua nhOng nha ta tadng Phap the k i XVIII neu tren c6

S nghia tien bo, dap ufng trong mufc dp nha't dinh v a dage quan chiing tin

theo, la mpt bp phan ciia cupc da'u tranh chong che dp quan chii chuyen che,

c6 tdc dung chuan bi don doctug cho cage c4ch mang xa hoi^ Bdi vi :

Trang 9

+ N6 chi ra sif thoi n&t vk be t^c cue xa hoi phong kien diTcfng thcri d Ph^p

+ Cung v(Si nhOrng t i e n de ve k i n h te xa h p i , no c6 tac dung thiic day

cuoc each mang tu san sdm bung no d Phap

C a u 4 : Sifu tarn t a i l i $ u de v i e t mpt b a i txidng t h u ^ t ve C U Q C t a n

c o n g c u a n h a n d a n P a - r i d a n h c h i e m p h a o d a i - n h a t u B a - x t i

* Huang din trd Idi :

Rang sdng ng^y 13 t h d n g 7 n a m 1789, nhOtag t i e n g chuong cap bao danh

thiifc ca Pa-ri day Quan chiing ngSn chan cac nga diTcrng, ngirori dan Pa-ri

xong v^o cdc kho vu k h i ciia Nha nUdc chiem gan 30.000 k h a u siing, nhieu

guom, k i e m va mot vai k h i u dai bac, khdp noi t r o n g t h a n h p h d n h a n dan

xay vat chudng ngai, pha dudng sa

Ngay 14 - 7, tieng chuong bao dong k h i n cap l a i vang len m a n h me,

ducrng pho dong n g h i t ngu&i Mac dau gan n h u toan bo t h a n h pho da n ^ m

t r o n g tay cac luc lifcfng k h d i nghia, nhUng cuoc dau t r a n h vSn chua ket thuc

Nguc B a - x t i chua b i n h a n dan chiem

Gan trUa, 300.000 ngudi, bao gom chu yeu la t h o thij cong, c6ng nhSn, dan

ngheo Pa-ri t a n cong vao cufa Idn nguc, nhung cau treo da b i rtit va hau n h u

khong the vao difoc M o t so ngiTcri dung cdm t i m each vuot sang hao de b^t

lai cau song nhieu phat sung tir turdng phao b^n chan, lam nhieu ngudi chet

va b i thufOng Cuoi c i i n T cau treo vSn ducfc ha xuo'ng, n h a n dan xong vao phao

dai, doi quan don t r i i d Ba-xti dau hang, vien chi huy Do L6-nay b i chat dau

v i da ra l e n h b^n vao n h a n dan

Vua Phap chua hieu het t i n h the xay ra, con hy vpng de bep cuoc k h d i

nghla ; k h i dUcfc bao t i n Ba-xti da bi chiem, nha vua k i n h ngac hoi : "Day la

cuoc k h d i loan a" ? NgUcfi ta t r a Idi : "Khong, each mang a !"

N h a n dan pha san bang nguc Ba-xti va xay dUng mot quang trUdng c6

hang chOf " d day ngirdi ta nhay miia" Ngay 1 4 - 7 t r d t h a n h ngay Quoc

khanh ciia n h a n dan Phap

C a u 5 : Q u a n p i d u n g T u y e n n g o n N h a n q u y e n v a D a n q u y ' n , e m c 6

n h a n x e t gi?

Hudng ddn trd lai :

- Tick cUc : Tuyen ngon thifa n h a n q u y i n tU do b i n h ding, quyen dugc an

toan, quyen cho'ng ap bufc, ciaa n h a n dan the-ftjen su ti§n bo t r o n g viec

cho'ng l a i ap buTc cua phong k i e n da tudc bo moi q u y i n l o i cua quan chiing

-Han die : Tuyen ngon neu ro "quyen sd hufu t a i san" l a x6a b6 quyen sd

hihi cua phong k i e n , song l a i thay the bkng quyen sd hufu tu san Day la h a n

che v i n h a n dan k h o n g thoat k h d i ap buTc b6c Ipt, nen quyen tiT do, b i n h d^ng

cua ho k h o n g dxigc dam bao

- Ngay 28 - 8 - 1789, Qu5'c h 6 i thon g qua Tuyen ngon N h a n quyen va Dan

q u y l n Tuyen ngon k h 4 n g d i n h quyen b i n h d^ng giufa cac cong d a n Tuyen bo nhitog quyen t u do ddn c h u , nha'n m a n h quyen tU hijfu t a i s i n la t h i e n g l i e n g

ba't k h a x a m pham

- T h a n g 9 - 1791, Quoc hoi Lap h i e n thon g qua Hi^n phap xac lap ch§' do

quan chu lap h i e n H i e n phap 1791 da tir bo mpt so nguygn t i c t i e n bp cua TuySn ngon N h a n quyen va D a n quyen 1789 M p i quyen luc thupc ve Quoc hpi Quo'c h o i con b a n h a n h n h i e u dao luat, n h u Dao luat ca'm bai cong, Dao luat duy t r i che dp no le d thupc dia TiT do, mpt so' n h i e m vu co b a n cQa Cach

m a n g tif s a n Phap 1789 k h o n g dupc giai quyet, trUdc h e t la v a n de rupng dat ciia nong d a n , q u y e n t u do d a n chu ciia n h a n dan lao dpng

Vua da l i e n k e t vdi lUc lupng phan dpng trong niTdc va cAu cuXi phong

k i e n c h a u A u de cho'ng pha each mang

Qua nhitng sU kien do chiing td tang Idp dai tu san cdm quyen d Phap dd lam ngiCng tre sU phdt triin ciia cdch mang

- K h i ke thii ducng trirdc eda ngo t h u do, nhiJng ngiTcfi G i -rong-dan h do dir, muon bd c h a y k h d i t h u do ; t h i n h a n d a n Phap l a i nha't te dufng day bao v$ T6 quoc Cac tieu doan t i n h nguyen dirpc t h a n h lap, t i e n r a m a t t r a n c h i e n da'u vdi ke thii T i n h t h d n c h i e n da'u cua quan c h u n g each m a n g t h e h i p n d

b&i ca Mac-xay-e ve sa u t r d t h a n h Quoc ca cua nirdc Phap

- T i n h t h a n cdch m a n g , y c h i k i e n cirdng b i o ve to quoc ciia n h a n dan da duoc t h e h i p n t r o n g c h i e n t h i n g V a n - m i (20 - " 9 - 1792) l a m cho cue dien chi§'n t r a n h t h a y doi Chien t h i n g nay k h o n g c h i edu nUdc Phap, ma c6n tao

<lieu k i p n cho each m a n g Ian s a n g n h i e u nirdc khae, neu ta'm giTcfng ve t i n h thdn c h i e n da'u a n h dung cho'ng giac ngoai x a m

- Dudi ap lire c u a quan chung, ngay 21 - 1 - 1793, v u a Lu-i X V I bi xd t d v i

tOi p h i n quoc Viec x d t d vua Lu-i X V I cd y n g h i a :

19

Trang 10

+ Tao dufcfc niem t i n cua quan chiing doi vdi cdch mang de tren cO sd do tiep

tuc loi k6o quan chiing tham gia each mang nhat Ik k h i To quoc lam nguy

+ Xod bo che do quan chu chuyen che, thiet lap nen cong hoa tuf s^n theo

diing t i e n t r i n h phdt t r i e n cua each mang

C a u 8 : P h a n t i c h y n g h i a c u a c a c b i ^ n p h a p ciia C h i n h p h u e a c h

m a n g do p h a i G i a - c 6 - b a n h c a m q u y e n

- Ng^y 2 - 6 - 1793, Quoc dan q u i n wk hkng van quan chiing lao dong bao

vay Quoc hoi, b i t giam nhOfng ngu6i cam quyen Gi-rong-danh, chuyen giao

chinh quyen vao tay nhffng ngif&i Gia-c6-banh Cach mang Phap chuyen sang

giai doan cao n h a t - giai doan chuydn chinh cua Gia-c6-banh

- C h i n h phu Gia-c6-banh da thiic hien nhieu bien phap k i e n quyet de

chong l a i thii trong, gia^ ngo^i, on d i n h ddi song cua n h i n ddn :

+ Dao luat 6 - 1793, irk lai ruong dat oljp nong dan

+ Lay ruong dat tich thu ciia quy toe, chia t h a n h 16 nho, ban cho dan

ngheo t r a ddn t r o n g 10 nSm

+ Cac dac quyen ciia che do phong kien bi xoa bo

+ Thdng 6 - 1793, H i e n f f i d p mdi cong bo t h i e t lap che do cong hoa, x6a

bo bat b i n h d i n g ve ding^caif jong dan tCr 21 tudi tror len diToc quyen bau cijr

+ Thifc hien nhieu bien p^Jap kien quyet de t r a n ap life lifc/ng phan dpng

trong nifdc

- Vi$c C h i n h phu Gia-c6-banh thifc hien cac bien phap neu t r e n c6 y nghia

dac biet quan t r g n g ddi vdi tien t r i n h p h i t t r i e n cua cich mang Phdp :

+ TrUdc het, cac dao luSt rupng dat c6 y nghia to Idn C h i trong hai

t h i n g , nhiJng ngu&i Gia-c6-banh da lam dirge nhCng dieu ma trirdc day chua

chinh phu nao l a m dugc No p h i bo t a n gdc che do phong k i e n , bien nhiJng

ngugi nong dan t h a n h nhiJng ngifdi tieu t\i hQu tiT do, t h i e t lap che do k i n h te

ti^u nong ; tao nhufng di^u kien thuan Igi cho su phdt t r i e n k i n h te tif b i n

chii nghia, t a n g Idp tieu nong dong dao do chinh s i c h nay tao n§n da t r d

t h a n h t h a n h t r i vumg c h i c cho cich mang P h i p p h i t t r i e n

+ Hig'n phip 1793 p h i n i n h v i d i n h da'u mot giai doan m d i , mot giai

doan p h i t t r i e n cao han N6 tuyen bo trirdc toan tile gidi nhttng nguyen t i c

tir do, dan chu, mot nen dfin chu tir s i n t i e n bg han H i e n phap 1791 No dugc

n h i n dan chao ddn nhir mot t h i n g Igi cua c i c h mang

- N h i h i g chinh s i c h cua C h i n h phu Gia-c6-banh da tap hgp dirge suTc manh

cua q u i n chiing lao dong de ddnh bai t h u trong, giae ngoai dem l a i d i n h cao

cho cich mang Phap, n h a t l i giai doan chuyen chinh dan chii cich mang

Gia -c6-banh Lenin da chi ra r^ng : "NhOng ngtfdi Gia-c6-banh hoi nam 1793

(Ja di vao lich suf nhu mot tarn gUcfng vi dai dau tranh each mang chan chinh ch6'ng giai cap b6c Igt, do giai cap nhOmg ngUdi lao dong va nhihig ngiTdi bi

biic l a m chu toan bo chinh quyen Nha nirdc tien hanh"

c a u 9 : L ^ P b a n g so s a n h n p i d u n g H i e n p h a p n a m 1791 v a 1793

* HiCdng ddn trd Idi :

H i e n p h a p 1791 H i e n p h a p 1793

- Xac lap che do quan chu lap hien - xac lap che do cong hoa

Chia cong dan lam hai loai "cong

dan t i c h ciTc", "c6ng dan tieu circ"

•- Xoa bo hoan toan che do ba't binh d i n g ve d i n g cap

- N h a n dan lao dong khong c6 quyen Icfi chinh t r i

- M g i cong dan tir 21 tudi t r d len

dirge quyen b i u ciif

C a u 10 : Nh€fng n g u y e n n h a n nao d S n tdri sif s u p do c u a n e n c h u y e n

c h i n h d a n c h u e a c h m a n g G i a - c 6 - b a n h ?

- Do m i u thuan giiTa chinh q u y i n each mang Gia-c6-banh vdi cic p h i i ddi

lap ngay c i n g gay g i t

- Trong ngi bg p h i i Gia-c6-banh cung nay Sinh nhieu mau t h u i n giOa

"phai hGu" v i " p h i i t i " vdi chinh quyen do R6-pe-spie dufng dau

- Dieu quan t r g n g l i quan chung mat dan niem t i n va khong iing hg chinh quyen Gia-c6-banh nOa, v i nhieu bien phap ciia chinh phu khong thiTc hign

t r i e t de

C a u 11 : V e Sri do m i n h h o a t i e n t r i n h C a c h m a n g tvT s a n P h a p " p h a t

t r i e n theo dtfcfng di l e n "

each mang Gia-c6-banh

1793-1974

Nen cong hoa Gi-rong-danh ' 9 - 1 7 9 2 - 6 - 1 7 9 9

Che do quan chu

l i p hien

7 - 1 7 8 9 - 8 - 1792

21

Trang 11

C a u 12 : H a y n e u y n g h i a l i c h suf c i i a C a c h m a n g txi s a n P h a p cud'i

t h e k i X V l I I

* Huong ddn trd lai :

- Cdch mang tif san Phdp cuoi the k i X V I I I da l a t do ch6' dp phong kien

chuyen che tCmg thong t r i nifdc Phdp trong nhieu the k i , ho^n t h a n h cac

n h i^ m vu cua m^t CUQC cdch mang tuf skn : l&t do chinh quyen qudn chu

chuyen ch§', t h u t i e u moi t a n dur phong kien, giai quyet van de ruong dat cho

nong dan, nhOng c a n t r d doi vdi cong thiicmg nghiep b i x6a bo, t h i trUdng

dan tpc t h o n g n h a t dufoc h i n h t h a n h

- C&ch mang tiT san Ph^p da rnd r a t h 6 i dai m 6 i - t h d i dai t h d n g l a i va

cung c6' ciia chu nghia t u ban d cdc nUdc ti§n t i e n t h d i bay giii

C a u 13 : V a i t r o c i i a q u a n c h i i n g n h a n d a n the h i ? n n h i t the nao

t r o n g C a c h m a n g t\i s a n P h a p c u o i the k i X V T I I ?

* Huang ddn trd Idi : *

- Ngay 14 - 7 - 1789, g i n 300.000 ngiicfi chu yeu 1^ cong nhan, thor thu

c6ng, tif vu t r a n g danh chiem nha tu Ba-xti - tiTOng triftig cho uy quyen ciia

che do phong k i e n chuyen che

- Ngay 10 - 8 - 1792, cung vdi qudn t i n h nguy^n, n h i n dan d t h i i d6 da

k h d i nghia Ho t a n cong cung dien Tuy-lcf-ri, ncJi d cua\ua L u 4 X V I , b^t nha

vua va hoang hau Che do' quan chu b i lait do Giai doan thiif n h a t cua cuoc

cdch mang Phdp - giai doan cam quyen cua dai tir san cha'm dut Chinh

quy^n chuyen sang tay tir san cong, thuong nghiep Che do cong h5a di/oc

t h i e t lap

- Ngky 31 - 5 - 1793, quin chung cdch mang Pa-ri xuong dudng d6i b^t va

xet x^ n h i i n g ngiidi cam quyen Gi-rong-danh, cdch mang Phdp chuyen sanj

giai doan cao n h a t - giai doan chuyen chinh dan chu each mang Gia-c6-banh

- Ng^y 23 - 8 - 1793, hifdng ufng SSc l^nh tong dgng vien ciia U y ban cufu

qudc do R5-pe-spie diJng dau, 42 van quan chung t i n h nguy?n t h a m gia quan

dpi cdch mang de chong t h i i trong giSc ngoai

I I c A u H 6 I V A B A I T A P B O S U N G

C a u 1 : C a c h m a n g tif s a n P h a p 1789 b u n g no t r o n g b o i c a n h n a o ?

* HiCdng ddn trd Idi : _ :

- Sif k h u n g hoang t r i m trong ciia nen t ^ l ^ h i n h Quoc gia buoc L u - i X V

phSi t r i ? u tap H o i n g h i ba d i n g cap ngay 5 - 5 - 1789 t a i cung dien Vec-xa

de de xuat vfin de vay t i e n v^ ban h a n h t h e m thue mdi

- Bat b i n h triTdc h a n h dong ciia nha vua, ngay 14 - 7 - 1789, quan chunj;

nhan dan da tif vu t r a n g , t a n cong c^c t r u sd, c^c ccf quan quan trong ciiii

t h k n h pho v a c h i e m nguc B a - x t i - bieu tupng ciia che do phong k i e n chuyei

che Cach mang da bung no d Phap

22

2 : H a y n e u nhu:ng v i # c l a m c u a p h a i L|ip h i e n s a u k h i l e n c a m

q u y ^ n

* Hii6ng ddn trd lai :

- NgSi vua v i n dugc duy t r i

- Thong qua hkn Tuyen ngon N h a n quyen v ^ D i n quyen vdri khau hi#u noi

tieng : "Tif do - B i n h d i n g - Bac Ai'

- Ban h a n h nhieu c h i n h sach n h k m khuyen k h i c h cong thifong nghiep phdt t r i e n n h i r : bai bo quy che' phifdng hoi, cho phep tiT do buon ban, to chiJc hanh chinh theo quy che mdfi (ca nifdc difgc chia t h a n h 83 quan vdi ccf cau t6'

chiJc thfl'ng nhait, xoa bo thue quan noi dia )

cau 3 : V i sao k h i p h a i G i - r o n g - d a n h to t h a i dp p h a n dpng, q u a n

c h i i n g e a c h m a n g P h a p v i n t i e p t u c noi dgy ?

- Mac dau phai Lap h i e n ban h ^ n h n h i e u c h i n h sach tien bp nhitog cupc

song cua n h a n dan lao dong vSn chua difoc cai t h i $ n : v i ^ c chia rupng da't

theo titog 16 Idfn dem ban cho nong dan vdi gia cao nen nong dan khong c6

kha nang mua ; cong n h a n v i n dau t r a n h doi t a n g lifOng, giam gid l a m

- Them vao d6, vi$c ban h a n h dao luat cam cong n h a n hpi hop, bai cong cang l a m t a n g sU bat m a n trong quan chiing n h a n dan, nhieu cupc da'u t r a n h

lien tiep d i i n ra

C a u 4 : C h i n h q u y e n G i a - c 6 - b a n h d a thtfc h i $ n n h C n g b i ^ n p h a p gi trong C U Q C d a u t r a n h c h o n g t h u trong, gi^c n g o a i ?

- N g a y 23 - 8 - 1793, Quoc hpi thong qua Sic lenh "Tong dpng vien toan quoc" de huy dpng siJc manh ciia nhan dan c i nifdc chong " t h u trong, giac

ngoai" ban h a n h Luat gia toi da d6'i vdi lifang thyc, thifc pham de cho'ng nan

<Jau CO t i c h triif, dong t h d i ban h a n h luat ve miJc lurang toi da ciia cong nhan

C a u 5 : H a y c h o bifi't t i n h h i n h niidc P h d p s a u CUQC dao c h i n h n g a y

2 7 - 7 - 1794

* Hudtng ddn trd Idi :

- Sau cupc d i o chinh ngay 27 - 7 - 1794, chinh quyen thu6c ve p h a i tif s a n ni(Ji giau len t r o n g thfifi gian chig'n t r a n h nha buon ban gian Ian, dau c a tich trCf va t h a m 6 cong quy Uy ban Doc chinh difpc t h a n h l a p , tap t r u n g quyen life vao 5 liy vien N h i e u t h a n h qua each mang b i t h u tieu : Luat gia toi d a bi

23

Trang 12

bai bo, quyen t u do dan chii b i h a n che, nhufng ngucfi each mang bi khiing bo,

cdc cSu lac bo ehinh t r i bi dong cila

- Dirdri che do Doc chinh, nUde Phdp luon trong t i n h t r a n g xao dong vh

ngky ckng k h o khan Cdc the life phong kien vSn a m m\iu n o i loan Mgt lien

m i n h mdi cua c&c nifdc Chau A u n h ^ m chong Phdp duoe h i n h thanh

C a u 6 : V i s a o g i a i d o a n e a c h m a n g do p h a i G i a - c 6 - b a n h c a m q u y e n

dvtdc goi l a n e n c h u y e n c h i n h d a n c h u e a c h m a n g G i a - c 6 - b a n h ?

Giai doan each mang do phdi Gia-c6-banh cdm quyen duoc goi l a " n i n

chuyen chinh dan chu each mang Gia-c6-banh" la v i day l a m^t t h 6 i k i d i n h

cao ciia each mang t u san Phdp, Chinh phu Gia-c6-banh da thuc hien nhieu

ehinh saeh, bi§n phap de on d i n h ddi song cua nhan dan, de tap hop lue

iMng chong l a i t h u trong, giac ngoai, nhOmg ehinh sach va bien phap nay

khong diroc thifc hien trong giai doan trirdtc 1793

- S^c l$nh x6a bo hoan toan khong boi thiTcfng m p i nghia vu phong kien

do'i vdi nong dan

- Dao luat t r a cho nong dan rupng da't b i phong k i e n chiem

- Tich thu ruong dat cua tang IC, quy toe d i c\i, chia titog 16 nh6 ban cho

n6ng dan nghfeo, t r a dan trong 10 nam

- Thu tieu che dp no le d thuoc dia (chua thuc hien)

- Ban hanh Dao luat "trCmg phat ke t h u nhan dan"

- Sic lenh v l "Luat dat dai"

- Xoa bo su bat b i n h d i n g ve ddng cap

- N a m eong dan tCr 2 1 tuoi difpc quyen bau cuf

Khcii nghTa cua nhan dan Pa-ri pha ngyc Ba-xti, l$t dd

che dO quSn chu chuyen ch§' Thang 8 - 1789 thSng

qua Tuyen ng6n Nhan quyen va DSn quyen Cach mang Ian rong khjp nuflc

Tt/ 10 - 8 - 1792 d§'n 2 - 6 - 1 7 9 3

C^ch mgng ti§'p tyc phat trien

Kh6i nghla cua nhan dan Pa-ri; nen quSn chu ISp hien

bj m 66, thiet l§p nga cOng hoa Vua Lu-i XVI bi ttr

hlnh Chig'n tranh bab\ l6 qu6'c, b^o v$ c^ch mgng

Tif2-6 - 1793 d§'n 27 - 7 - 1794

Dinh cao cua c^ch mgng

Nhan dan Pa-ri kh6i nghTa lat 66 phai Gi-r6ng-danh

Xoa b6 moi d^c quyen cua phong kig'n Day lui di/oc

ngn ngogi xam

27 - 7 - 1794 den 9-11 -1799

Thoai tr^o cich mgng D^o chinh phan each mgng, phai Gia-c6-banh bi iStBko chfnh cua Na-p6-le-6ng, che dO dOc tai qu?;?; sy 66

thig't lap

* Thcrt k i c h u y e n c h i n h Gia-c6-banh l a d i n h cao c u a e a c h mang, bofi v i :

- Phai Gia-c6-banh quan t a m giai quyet van de rupng da't - d6i h o i co ban

cua qu^n chiing nong dan ; qua do, dong vien hp t h a m gia each mang chong thu trong, giac ngoai

- T h a n g 6 - 1793, H i e i i phap mdi diTpe thong qua, tuyen bo Phap la nude cOng hoa, ban b6' quyen dan ehu rpng rai va mpi sir ba't binh ding ve d i n g

cap bi x6a bo

- Ngay 23 - 8 - 1793, Quoc hoi thong qua Sdc l^nh "Tong dpng vien toan

quo'c" d l buy dpng siJe manh cua nhan dan ca nirdc chong "thu trong, giac ngoai" ban hanh Luat gia toi da doi vdi liTOng thuc, thife pham de eho'ng nan

dau cP tich truf, dong thcJi ban hanh luat ve miJc lircfng toi da ciia eong nhan Nh& v$y, phai Gia -c6-banh da dap t i t dufpc cac cupc noi loan, duoi quan

xam li/pc ra k h 6 i bien gidi Cach mang Phap dat den dinh cao

C a u 8 : H a y chutng m i n h r S n g : C a c h m a n g tnf s a n P h a p c u o i t h e k i

X V I I I l a mpt c u p c e a c h m a n g tri$t de n h a t d c h a u A u

* Hi/dng ddn trd Idi :

- each mang tuT san Phap cuoi the ki X V I I I da xoa bo hoan toan chg' dp

phong kien chuyen che da tiftig thong tri qua nhieu the ki d Phap, dong thdi thu tieu mpi tan dir cua ch§' dp phong kien Dieu do diiac the hipn: Ngay

21 - 1 - 1793, each mang da xuf tuf vua va hoang hau, lap nen nen cpng hoa

va dat den dinh cao la thdi ki chuyen chinh Gia -c6-banh

- each mang da giai quyet diing mufc nhiem vu ciia mot cupc each mang tu sdn, do l a tao dieu kien cho kinh te tu b i n phat trien ; mang lai quyen tu do,

dan chii cho nhan dan ; giai quyet dupe van de rupng da't cho nong dan nhu ban dat cho nong dan vdi gia re va cho tra dan trong mudi nam Cach mang

c6n thuc hi$n viec bau cuf theo phd thong ddu phieu

C a u 9 ; L ^ p b a n g t h o n g k e c a c c u p c e a c h m a n g tvC s a n thofi c ^ n d a i

*heo y e u c a u s a u d a y : NOi dung Cacti m^ng tif sin

Anil (the; 1(1 XVII)

Chie'n tranh gianh dQc l^p B^c MT (the' kl XVill)

C^ch m^ng ivi sSn

Phap (cu6'ltnr <] XVIII)

Hinh thQc da'u tranh NhiOm vy each mgng Giai ca'p lanh dgo

Trang 13

NQi dun g Cach mang tu sdn

Anh (the'kj XVII)

Chi6'n tranh glanh

dOc Idp Bic Ml (the' ki XVIII)

Cach mang tU s i n Phap (cutfi thS' kl XVIil)

Hinh thifc dS'u tranh NOi chien Chien tranh giai

phong d§n tOc

Chong phong 't:.:m,

chong thu trong giac ngoai

Nhi$m vy c^ch mgng Lat d6 chg' dO quSn

chu chuyen che, mfl ducJng cho chu nghTa ti/ bcin phat trien, giai quyet ruOng dat cho nOng dSn

Giai phong I<h6i ach thong tri cija thyc d§n Anh, nn6 difdng cho chlj nghTa ta ban phat tri§'n

Lat do chg' dO quan chu chuyen che, mfl duOng cho chu nghTa

tu ban phat trier!, giai quyet ruOng dat cho nong dan

Giai c§'p lanh dgo Tu san v& quy tpc

Danh dudi thi;c dan Anh, thanh lap Hdp Chung qu6'c Hoa Kl

TU san thi§'t l^p chg'

dO COng hoa, la cupc each mgng trigt dg'

nha't

Cau 10 : Hay chuTng minh rSng : cung vofi sijf di len ciia Cach mang tx

san Phap, quyen Idi ciia nong dan diitfc giai quyet thoa dang hofn

* Hiiang ddn trd lai :

- Trong cAc cuoc cdch mang noi chung, each mang tif sdn t h d i can dai noi

rieng, dac biet l a cuoc Cach mang t\i san Phap cuoi t h e k i X V I I I , dong luc

l ^ m nen each mang chu yeu Ik nong dfin Cdc cuoc Cach mang t u san H a

Lan, Cdch m a n g ttf san A n h , Chien t r a n h giknh doc lap d BAc M i giai quy§'t

va'n d l ruong dat cho nong dan chUa thoa dang Rieng Cdch mang tif san

Phap, quyen Icfi cua nong dan duoc giai quyet song h ^ n h vdi tien t r i n h phdt

t r i e n cua cdch mang Do cung la rngt trong nhOfng l i do danh gia Cach mang

tif san Phap l a cuoc each mang t u san t r i $ t de nhat

- Trong thW k i dau ciia each mang (th&i k i quan^|hu Mp hien 1789 - 1792):

Nong dan dirac xoa bo mpt so nghia vu phong kien ; nong dan diTcfc mua

ruong dat ciia Gido hoi do N h ^ nude tieh t h u v d i gid cao ; N h ^ nUde ban hanh

Tuyen ngon kh&ng d i n h quyen b i n h d^ng giiita cac c6ng dan, t r o n g do c6 nong

dan Tuy nhien, t r o n g thbi k i n^y nong dan c5n phai Ikm nhieu nghia vu

phong kien, nong dkn chua duge quyen bau cii V i vay, nong dan chira thoa

man v a tiep tuc dau t r a n h

26

Trong thW k i thiJ h a i cua cdch mang (thdi k i t u sSn cong thUdng 1792 1793) : Nong dan ducfc quyen t u do bau cOr nhutig ve quyen l o i k i n h te vSn chufa duac gidi quyet gi t h e m Do do, nong dan l a i tiep tuc da'u t r a n h

D e n t h d i k i thu" ba cua cdch mang (thdi k i chuyen c h i n h Gia c6 banh

1793 - 1794): Nhk nUdc tien hanh chia dat t h a r h timg 16 nho roi ban cho nong dan va t r a g6p t r o n g 10 nSm ; nong dkn l a i dugc t r a l a i ruong dat do b i lanh

chtia chiem trUdc day ; nong dan dLforc xok bo hoan toan moi nghia vu phong

kig'n Dac bi#t H i e n phap nkm 1793 cong nhan quyen binh d^ng cho nong dan NhiS vay, den thbi chuyen chinh Gia-c6-banh quyen Igi cua nong dan dugc

giai quyet thoa d ^ g , nhat l a van de ruong dat, nong dan hSng hai tham gia

ckch mang Day 1^ yeu to quan trong de nirdc Phap danh bai t h u trong giac ngoM

27

Trang 14

Chi/arng 11

C A C NLTdC A U - Ml ( T C / d a u the ki XIX d e n d a u the ki X X )

Bai 5

CHAU AU Tl/ CHIEN TRANH NA-PO-LE-ONG

DEN HOI NGHI VIEN

I C A U H 6 I , B A I T A P C O B A N

C a u 1: N g u y e n n h a n t h a t b a i c u a q u a n dpi Na-p6-le-6ng

* Hudng ddn trd Ibi :

- Cupc chien t r a n h xfim Itfcfc cAc nUdc chau A u cua Na-p6-le-6ng 1^ C U Q C

chien t r a n h p h i nghla Cuoc chien t r a n h ay da vap p h a i sU k h a n g cir manh

liet cua l i e n quan cac n^ifdc chau A u , nhat la cdc nifdc A n h , Ao, Nga Tay

B a n N h a

- Quan doi cua Na-p6-le-6ng khong dii m a n h de d a n t r a i t r e n khdp chiS'ii

tracfng chau Au u h u Na-p6-le-6ng da tifng t h a m vong Day l a cuoc chidn

t r a n h t r e n m o t quy mo rong Idn, dai ng^y, xa hau phi/cfng nen quan doi m$t

moi chan chudng ve t i n h t h a n ; thieu t h o n ve luong thuc, thifc pham, chifa ke

ton t h a t ve life lifong

- C^c nirdc chau A u , n h a t l a Tay B a n N h a Nga difofc n h a n d a n ung ho,

k i e n quyet chien dau h y s i n h de bao ve To quoc

- Dac bi$t, do t i f tifdng chu quan nen k h i Na-p6-16-6ng m d cuoc t a n cong

v^o l a n h t h o niTdc Nga b i quan doi chong t r a quyet l i e t l a m cho Na-p6-le-6ng

khong t r d tay k i p

C a u 2 : T i n h h i n h c h a u A u s a u H p i n g h i V i e n c 6 n h C n g d i l n bien

q u a n t r o n g n a o ?

- Sau H o i n g h i V i e n t i n h h i n h chfiu A u c6 nhOfng d i l n bien quan t r o n g :

+ Theo de n g h i cua Nga ho^ng A-lech-xan-drd I , vua cac nirdc chau An

t h a n h lap L i e n m i n h T h a n t h d n h L i e n m i n h quy d i n h cac vua p h a i giiip do

nhau v ^ dung "life liTcfng chung" de d a n dp each mang n§'u no r a 6 bat cuf noi

nko Lien m i n h da l o i keo nhieu niTdc chau A u gia nhap L i e n m i n h

+ Thifc chat L i e n m i n h T h a n t h a n h Ik lien m i n h phan dpng ciia cdc VU.T

chiia phong k i e n chau A u chong l a i xu hi/cJng cach'l,mang t\i san

- Du b i L i e n m i n h T h a n t h d n h d^n dp, phong trao each mang v i n no ra

nhieu nUdc d chau Au, m a n h n h a t l a d Tay Ban N h a

- Nhi/ vay, sau H o i n g h i Vien, t i n h h i n h chau A u t r d nen phufc tap, nhat la

sif xuat hien cua L i e n m i n h T h a n t h a n h 1dm a n h hifdng den budc difofng phdt

t r i e n ciia chu nghia t u ban von h i n h t h d n h sdm d chau A u

V d i sir t a n cong n h a n h chong cua quan doi Na-p6-le-6ng chiem hang loat

cdc nUdc d chau A u da gay nen sir phdn uat do'i v d i tiTng nirdc H o n the nOa, liTc iMng cua m d i nUdc chua du m a n h de ngdn can birdc t i e n cua quan doi

Na-p6-le-6ng

- Cdc nirdc chau A u du da b i x a m lirpc hay chiTa b i x a m lirpc deu nkm t r o n g

kg" hoach t a n cong cua Na-p6-le-6ng

Vi nhOtng l i dp t r e n ma cdc niTdc chau A u lien m i n h chong l a i Na-p6-le-6ng

+ N d m 1805, Na-p6-le-6ng tap t r u n g luc lirpng do bp l e n mrdc A n h + N d m 1806, Na-p6-le-6ng ddnh chiem mrdc Ao, r o i t i e n vd B6c-lin

+ N d m 1807, sau m p t v d i t r d n giao chien d d m mdu v d i Nga, Na-p6-le-6ng

k i Hiep irdc T i n - d i t v d i Nga vd Pho

- T h d n g 6 - 1812, k h o n g tuygn chien, Na-p6-le-6ng dich t h a n c h i huy

640000 quan t i e n vao mrdc Nga

+ Ngdy 7 - 8 - 1812, t a i tran B6-r6-di-n6 quan dpi Na-p6-le-6ng b i bai tran

+ Sau t h a t bai d Nga, quan dpi Na-p6-le-6ng tiep tuc tha't bai k h ^ p cac

" i ^ t t r a n d chau A u T r o n g t r a n ddnh cuoi ciing d Oa-t6c-16, gan Bruy-xen

(Bi), ngdy 18 - 6 - 1815, quan Na-p6-le-6ng b i tieu diet Chien t r a n h d chau

Au kg't thiic

Trang 15

C&u 2 : H a y d i e n siuf l i ^ u vao cpt B cho p h u hgfp vdri nQi dung d cpt A

ve H p i nghi V i e n s a u d a y :

1 Thdi gian tien hanh Hpi nghj A

2 Muc dich Hoi nglij B

3 Thi/c chat cija Hpi nghi C

L 1 «—'• —

4 Ket qui cija HOi nghi D

HiCdng ddn trd Idi:

1 Thcii gian ti§'n

hanh Hpi nghi

A Til nam 1814 dg'n nam 1815

2 Myc dich HOi nghi B Thfc iuSn nhUng dieu l<i§n ki Hiep UOc hoa blnh va ve Igi bSn dO

chau Au CP Ipi cho cac nuOc thSng tran trong chien tranh chO'ng I\la-p6-le-0ng

3 Thi/c chat cua Hpi

nghi

C Day la "Lien minh ThSn thanh", la li§n minh phSn dOng ci!ia cac vua chua phong kien chau Au, mgnh nhat la Tay Ban l\lha

4 Kg't qua cua HOi nghi D - KhOng tinh dg'n quyen Ipi cua nhan dan, cac nuflc th^ng tran tij

y lap Igi ban dO chau Au

- NuOc Nga dupe mOt phSn lanh thd ciJa Ba Lan

- Anh dypc chiem giuf dap Man-ta - mOt cCf dig'm chien laoc quan trpng 6 Dja Trung Hal va mOt so thuOc dia cua Ha Lan

- Da't dai cua Phd va Ao cung duoc m8 rOng ra nhilu

- l-ta-li-a vin bj phan chia thanh nhi§u lanh thd khac nhau

C a u 3 : H a y t r i n h b a y n h C n g n e t c h i n h ve Na-p6-le-6ng

- Na-p6-le-6ng B6-na-pdc sinh n a m 1769 t a i dao Cooc, cha ong la luSt s\i,

von la mot quy toe b i pha san N a m 15 tudi, Na-p6-le-6ng difcfc Quoc hoi

phong quan h a m tirdng N a m 1795, Na-p6-le-6ng da dep t a n bon bao hoang

noi loan 6 Pa-ri Sau d6 ong la ngu6i triTc tiep xay ditog ke hoach danh chiem

toan bo chau Au va phifong Dong I-ta-li-a duoc chon l a m nifdc khdi ddu cua

ke hoach nay

- Thang 11 - 1799, Na-p6-le-6ng l e n n ^ m chinh quyen d Phap, den nftm

1804 len ngoi hoang de, thiet lap nen de che thi^'^ai f 1804 - 1815) Sau k h i

len cam quyen, ong tap trung life lifdng or trung ufcrng de cai to' nen hanh

chinh va i\i phap, m d mang trudng hoc, khuyen khich phat trien cong

nghi^p, thong nha't do lii6ng, che dg thue khpa Chinh quyen cua

Na-p6-le-ong da tao dieu kien cho chu nghia tiT bdn phat t r i l n

- Sau k h i t r d thknh hoang de, Na-p6-le-6ng ra sure thifc hi$n tham vpng ba

chu eua minh, day manh xam lucre chau Au ma doi thu chinh la Nga, Ao, Anh

Trong cuoc chien tranh xam luac phieu liAi ciia minh, Na-p6-leong d£ gap phai sir khang cir quyet li$t cua nhan dan chau Au va cuoi cung Na-p6-le-

6ng phai nhan lay su" tha't bai tham hai vao nSm 1821

cau 4 '• H a y n e u k e t q u a v a n h ^ n x e t ve H p i nghi V i e n 1815

Kit qud :

+ Ban d6 chau Au duoc ve lai theo yeu cdu cac nufdc th^ng tran

+ Nude N?a diroc mot phan lanh tho cua Ba Lan va Ph^n Lan

+ A n h difoc chiem giCf dao Man-ta - mot cur diem quan trong ve mat chien luoc cf Dia Trung H a i va mot so thupc dia cua H a Lan, N a m Phi

+ Da't dai cua Phd va Ao dirge m d rong Pho trd thanh mrdc c6 vai t r r

chiJ y§u trong "Lien m i n h ciia che do Ro-ma"

+ I-ta-li-a van bi phan chia thanh nhieu lanh tho khac nhau

+ Phap quay ve bien gidi eu trurde each mang, boi thiTdng 700 trieu phcf-rang

chien phi

- Nhan xet

+ Hoi nghi khong t i n h dgn quyen Icfi, nguyen vong ciia nhan dan

+ NhuTng va'n de duge quyet dinh trong hpi nghi bi chi phoi bdi cae mrdc Anh, Ao, Nga

+ Thirc cha't, day la hoi nghi chia phan thdng Igi giOra cac nude th^ng

tran trong cuoc chien tranh ehong Na-p6-le-6ng

+ Hoi nghi da cha dap len quyen Igi cae mrdc nho yeu va nhan dan lao dong

B d i 6

C A C H MANG CONG N G H I E P (Nijfa s a u the k i XVIII • giila t h e k i XIX)

I C A U H O I , B A I T A P C d B A N CSu 1 : N e u nhCfng tien de l a m cho e a c h m a n g cong nghi^p k h d i d a u

d A n h sdrm horn c a c ni^dfc k h a c

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :,

- Th&ig Igi cua each mang tuf san, kinh te A n h phat trien ngay cang manh

"le, la mrdc dau tien tien hanh each mang cong nghiep, diTa tren nhutng tien de :

+ Xam chiem thuoe dia, tich luy dugc lugng tir ban khong 16

+ Tirde doat rugng dat cua nong dan, tao dirge dpi ngu cong nhan Ikm thue + NhuCng tien bp ve k i thuat va to ehuTc san xua't trong cong tnrdng thu cong

- Nirde A n h sau cuoc each mang tir san c6 dii nhOfng tien de de tien hanh

c^ch mang cong nghiep : tir ban, nhan cong va sir phat trien k i thuat, n^n nude A n h k h d i dau cuoc each mang cong nghiep sdm nha't

- each mang edng nghiep d A n h b ^ t dau tir nhiJng n a m 60 eua the k i

^ 1 1 va k e t thue vao nhCng nam 40 cua the k i XIX

Trang 16

C a u 2 : T r i n h b a y nh€tag t h a n h W u n o i b a t c u a e a c h m a n g c o n g

nghi^p A n h

- Nganh cong nghiep nhe :

+ N a m 1764, Giem Ha-gri-vcf sang che ra may keo sgi Gien-ni

+ N a m 1769, Ac-crai-tcf che tao ra mdy keo soi chay bkng hcfi nircJc

+ N a m 1779, Crom- ton cai tien may keo sgri tao ra s a n pham dep, ben hern

+ N a m 1785, Cae-rai che tao may det chay bkng sufc nUdre, nang suat

tang 40 Ian

+ N a m 1784, Giem Oat phat m i n h r a m&y hai mrde va dira vao suT dung

- Luyen k i m : Nam 1735 phat m i n h r a phuong phap nau t h a n coc luyen

gang thep, n a m 1784 16 luyen gang dau t i e n dufc(c xay dun j

- Giao thong v a n t a i : N a m 1814, Xta-phen-xon che tao t h a n h cong dau

- GiCa the k i X I X A n h tror t h a n h "cong xiTomg the gidi"

C a u 3 : C a c p h a t m i n h k i t h u a t d a d a p ufng y e u c a u s&n xuat, Ivtu

t h o n g h a n g h o a nhif the n a o ?

- Viec phat m i n h k i thuat diTtfc coi la md dau qua t r i n h cor gidri hoa trong

san xua't K h i may moc r a dcfi da tao r a nguon lire m6i l a m giam nhe lao done

CO b^p cua con ngirfJi May moc r a ddi da chuyen tCr lao dong t h u cong tho s<

sang lao dong cO k h i , chuyen ttr nen san xua't nong nghiep sang san xua!

cong nghiep Ta't ca nhijfng dieu do n6 dap ufng yeu cau san xuat ngay canr

tang cua con ngiTdi, tao r a nguon cua cai vat chat ngay cang nhieu cho xa hoi

- K h i san p h a m do cac phat m i n h k i thuat mang l a i ngay cang nhieu lal

nay sinh yeu cau phai luu thong phan phoi C h i n h yeu cau nay l a m che

nganh giao t h o n g phat t r i e n Do vay, cung vdfi sir phat m i n h k i thuat trei

l i n h viTc san xua't, niTdc A n h con c6 nhCng phat m i n h k i thuat t r e n l i n h vif(

giao thong v a n t a i , do la viec che tao r a cac dau may xe lufa phuc vu giao

thong van chuyen hang hoa

Cfiu 4 : C a c h m a n g c o n g n g h i e p d P h a p v a BvCc d i l n r a nh\i the n a o

• Phap :

+ each mang cong nghiep b^t dau tiT nam 1830, each mang cong nghi$i:

bat dau d i i n r a va phat t r i e n manh t r o n g nhufng nam 1830 - 1850

+ Tac dong ve k i n h te, xa hoi : K i n h te Phap vuon l e n m a n h me thuf ha;

the gidi Bo m a t Pa-ri va cac t h a n h p h d khac thay ddi ro r$t

+ Dac diem each mang cong nghiep d Diic : d i i n r a vdi tdc do phat t r i i n

nhanh dat k i luc

+ L a m chuyen bien nen san xua't nho t h u cong sang san xuat Idn hkng

may moc, nang cao nang sua't lao dong, l a m ra khdi luong san pha'm Idn cho

xa hoi

+ Dua cac nirde c6 n i n k i n h te nong nghiep sang nen k i n h te cong nghiep phat t r i e n

- Ve xd hdi :

+ H i n h thanh hai giai ca'p mdi la tir san cong nghiep va v6 san cong nghiep

+ Tii san cong nghiep n d m tuf lieu san xua't va quyen thdng t r i + Vd san cong nghiep l a m thue, ddi sdng co ciTc d i n den da'u t r a n h giOa

vd san va vdi tir san

c a u 6 : L g p b a n g thong ke ve moc thdri gian v a t h a n h titu c h u y e u

c i i a e a c h m a n g c o n g n g h i e p d A n h , P h a p v a DuTc

Thfifi gian ThSnh ti/u chu yfi'u

Anh NhOng nam 60 cua the

ki XVIII d§'n nhOng nam

40 th§' ki XIX

- NhQng phat minh trong nganh c6ng nghiep:

+ Nam 1764, phat minh ra may keo sol Gien-ni + Nam 1769, che tao ra may quay sell chgy b§ng

SLfc niidc

+ Nam 1784, phat minh may hoi niiiSc, + Nam 1785, phat minh may d§t chgy bing hcS nuSc + D^u th§' kf XIX, chg' tgo tau thuy, xe iCfa chgy b^ng dk may hoi niiSc

Phap NhOng nam 30 thg' ki

XIX d§'n nhOng nam

1850 - 1870

- NhOng phat minh trong nganh c6ng nghiep nh?

- San luong gang thep tang gS'p 3 lln

- DO dai dLfdng s^t tang gap 100 lln

- S6' luong may hoi nuOc tang tO 5000 chi§'c Ifin

27000 chig'c

Trang 17

DifC NhiJng nSm 40 thg' kl - IMhOng phdt minh trong ngSnh c6ng nghi$p n$ng,

XIX chu yeu la luyen kim va hoa chS't

- SSn iLfdng than, s3t, thep va dg dal dacing s^t tang

2 den 3 iSn

- S6 may hoi na6c tang 6

- May moc va phan hoa hoc duqc sQ dgng trong san xuat nfing nghiep

4 : V e sof d o v e c u p c e a c h m a n g c o n g n g h i $ p gfin v d i h $ q u a c u a n o

I I c A u H O I vA B A I T A P B 6 S U N G

C a u 1 : Y n g h i a c i i a v i c e p h a t m i n h r a m a y h d i n\i6c l a g i ?

- M a y hoi niTdc d a t a o r a n g u o n d o n g luc mdti, l a m g i a m siJc lao d p n g ccr

bSp cua con ngucfi

- L a o d o n g b ^ n g t h i i c o n g d a n difOc t h a y t h e b k n g m a y moc, k h d i dAu qua

- Cupc each m a n g c o n g n g h i e p d A n h l a m c h o n e n k i n h t e nUdc A n h bu6c

vao t h & i k i c o n g n g h i e p h o a , n a n g suat lao d p n g n g a y c a n g t a n g

- C h i n h cupc each m a n g n a y d a c i i n g co d i a v i c u « g i a i c a p tiT s a n A n h ,

l a m c h o chii n g h i a t u b a n r a dcfi s d m d A n h v a co d i e u k i e n vUcfn l e n c a n h

t r a n h v d i cac niidc tiS b a n k h a c

- D e n giOra t h e k i X I X , niidc A n h difcfc m e n h d a n h l a " c o n g x i r o n g ciia t h e

c 6 n g n g h i e p P h a p diirng thuT h a i cren t h e g i d i , sau n i f d c ' A n h B p m a t P a - r i v a

cac t h a n h p h o t h a y d o i ro r e t M o t h e t h o n g d a i 18, n h a ga, cufa h a n g difpc

x a y diftig t h a y t h e cac pho' cu c h a t hep

- d D i i c , each m a n g c o n g n g h i e p d i e n r a vao nhCfng n a m 4 0 cua t h e k i X I X

m a c du da't nude d a n g con b i c h i a se t h a n h n h i e u t i e u quoc v a g i a i cap tii s a n

chua c a m q u y e n D e n giiJa t h e k i X I X , toe d p p h a t tri§n c o n g n g h i e p ciia Diic

d a t mure k i lue

34

Cach mgng cong nghiep

Phat minh sang chg' mSy m6c

Hinh thSnh hai giai ca'p co

N6ng nghi$p phat tri^n

• S u n g h i e p t h o n g nha't Du:c, t h o n g n h a t I - t a - l i - a n h k m xoa b o sir cAn t r d

cua che dp p h o n g k i e n , m d durdng cho chu n g h i a tiT b a n p h a t t r i e n

- L a n h dao l a g i a i cap t u s a n v a t a n g Idp quy tpc tir s a n hoa

- D p n g lire l a q u a n c h i i n g n h a n d a n , n 6 n g cot l a n o n g d a n

- X u t h e p h a t t r i e n l a x a c lap q u a n h e s a n xua't tiT b a n c h u n g h i a , m d

^^isng cho c h u n g h i a tir b a n phat t r i e n

Trang 18

- Khdc nhau :

+ Qud t r i n h thong nhat nirdc Dure dufgc thuc hien bling con difdng "tir tren

xu6iig" thong qua h i n h thuTc bao lire vdri chinh sach " s i t vk mAu " ciia Bi-xmdc

+ Qud t r i n h thong nhat I-ta-li-a duoc thirc hien b^ng con dirdng "tiT dirai

l§n" thong qua cugc dau t r a n h cua quan chiing

C a u 3 : N g u y e n n h a n v a k e t q u a CUQC Npi chi§n d M i

* Hadng d&n trd Idi :

a Nguyen nhdn :

- Sau cuoc Chien t r a n h gianh doc lap cua ede thuoc dia A n h d B^c M i ,

n h i $ m vu cua c^ch mang tif san chua ho^n t h ^ n h

- Giufa the k i X I X , k i n h te M i phdt t r i e n nhanh chong, dan dan nUdc M i

chia t h a n h ba mien c6 k i n h te - xa hoi khac nhau:

+ M i e n B^c Ik vung cong nghi|p phdt t r i e n , hai giai cap chinh 1^ tif san

cong nhan

+ M i l n N a m Ik ncfi k i n h te don d i l n chiem UU the, chu no suf dung nhan

cong lao dpng da den ngay cang nhieu

+ M i e n Tay 1^ vung nong nghiep cua chu trai

Nhcf dieu k i ^ n thuan loi k i n h te phdt t r i e n n h a n h ch6ng, dSc biet la

ng^nh cong nghi$p va c& nong nghi$p Song che dp no 1§ can t r d neri k i n h te

tiT ban chu nghIa phat t r i d n

+ Mau thuSn giufa tif san, t r a i chu d m i ^ n Bdc vdi chu no d mien Nam

ng^y cang gay g^t

+ Phong trao dau t r a n h d5i thu tieu che do no le d mien N a m phat trien

manh me

+ Phai thii tieu che dp no le d mien Nam, giai phong no le, md difimg cho

chu nghia t u ban phdt t r i ^ n Do Ik nguyen nhan s^u xa cua cu^c n^i chi§'n

+ Cuoc bau cuf tong thong nam 1860, Lin-con dai dien Dang Cong hoa

t r i i n g cijr tong thong, de doa quyen Ipi cua chu no d mien N a m Ckc chu n6 d

m i l n N a m tuygn bo tdch k h o i L i g n bang, t h ^ n h lap Hiep bang rieng D6 la

nguyen nhan trUe tiep ciia cuoc noi chien

b Ket qua:

- Giai ph6ng cho h^ng van no le da den

-• La cuQC each mang tU san thiJ hai sau cuoc C h i e n t r a n h gi^nh doc lap o

B ^ c M i ;r

- MOT dudng cho chu nghia tif Mn phat t r i l n or M I

C S u 4 : C u O c c a i c ^ c h n o n g no d N g a d i l n r a nhtf the nao ?

* Hudng d&n trd lai :

- Nufa d i u th§' k i X I X , Nga 1^ mot niTdc phong kien lac hau so vdi c&c nUdc

tif hkn phifong Tay

- Den giOfa the k i XX, Nga vSn 1^ mpt nifdc nong nghi|p, quan hg phong

kig'n - nong n6 chiem dia v i thong t r i

Nga ho^ng Ni-c6-lai tang cifdng quyin thong t r i chuy§n ch6'

- Nga lao v^o cu6c chien t r a n h \km cho quan chiing t h e m cam thu Nhieu

cuOc t r a n h ciia nong no bung n6

Yeu cau cai ckch dat ra cap thiet do nhu c^u phdt t r i e n k i n h te v^ sif de doa ndi day cua nong dan Nga ho^ng bupe phai t i e n h^nh c^i ckch

- Ng^y 19 - 2 - 1861, Nga ho^ng k i sic l u i t g i i i phong nong dan 1§ thupe

dia chii v i mpt hkn Tuy§n ngon ve viee xod bo che dp nong no

- Tiep theo cai cdeh rupng dat \k mpt s6' cai cdch khdc mk C h i n h phu Nga

ho^ng bupe phai thifc hipn Luat cai edch ru6ng dfi't vk mpt s6' luat khdc

mang t i n h chat mot cuoc cdch mang tif san, de nUdc Nga t i e n len con dudng

tu ban chu nghia

C a u 5 : V i sao c6 thd' x e m c u p c N p i c h i e n d M i (1861 - 1865) l a c u ^ c each m a n g t\i s a n I d n thuT h a i ?

- Sau k h i cupc chiS'n t r a n h gi^nh doc lap d Bic M i g i i n h t h i n g I p i , Hpp

chiing quoc Hoa K i dupe t h a n h lap, song nhifng n h i e m vu cP bdn ciia edch mang tif sin chifa h o i n t h i n h (vin di ru6ng di't cho n6ng din chifa difoc g i i i

quyet, che dp no le vin duy t r i d mien Nam )

- K i n h te tif ban chii nghia p h i t t r i e n manh me, nhifng giufa cic mien

t r i n h dp khong deu nhau : mien B i c l i viing k i n h te' tif ban chu nghia p h i t

t r i l n ; mien N a m l i viing k i n h te don dien ; m i i n T i y l i vung k i n h te nong

nghiep chu t r a i

- Sif duy t r i che dp no 1§ d m i l n N a m di cin t r d sif p h i t trien k i n h te tif

bin chu nghia v i cic n h i tif ban d mien B i c cin t h i trifdng v i sure lao dOng Do vsiy, cupc xung dot giijfa tif bin mien B i c v i chu no mien N a m t r d n§n gay git

- Cupc N p i chie'n d M i (1681 - 1685), la cupc chig'n t r a n h giufa cic life lifgfng tien bp do giai cap tif san mien B i c l i n h dao chong l a i gidi chu no muo'n duy

t r i che dp no le d mien N a m

- Cupc npi chie'n niy do dong dao quin chiing nhan din t h a m gia, ho l i life lifpng CP bin quyet d i n h t h i n g Ipi cua cupc n^i chie'n D i y l i dpng life

chinh ciia c i c h mang tif s i n >

- Cuoc npi chie'n t h i n g Ipi d M i n6 tiep tuc md difdng cho chu nghia tif b i n

p h i t t r i e n d M l

N h u v i y , sau cupc Chie'n t r a n h g i i n h dpc lip d B i c M I , cu6c N p i chi§'n d

M l thife chat l i ti§'p tuc h o i n t h i n h nhipm vu cua cich mang tif sin nen no

<3ifae xem l i cupc cich mang tif s i n l i n thiJ hai d M i

Cfiu 6 : T ^ i sao n o i : C a i e a c h n 6 n g no d N g a m a n g y n g h i a m ^ t CUQC

c 6 c h m ^ n g t «f s a n ?

- Trifdc k h i cai c i c h nong n6, nifde Nga theo "che dp q u i n chu chuyen ch^,

moi quyen h i n h nim t r o n g tay Nga h o i n g A-lech-xan-dro I I Stf cai t r i h i

37

Trang 19

k h i c cua che' d6 phong kig'n - n6ng no gfiy nen mau thuan gay g^t trong xa

hoi, nhieu cuoc dau t r a n h cua nong no bung n6 Trudrc t i n h h i n h d6 buoc Nga

ho^ng A-lech-xan-drcr I I phai tien h ^ n h cAi cdch

- Trong c^i cdch, Nga ho^ng da thong qua ban Tuy§n ngon v l vi§c x6a bo

che dp nong no

- Viec giai phong nong no l ^ m tang ngu6n cung cap nhdn corig, tao dieu

k i e n thuan l o i cho sU phdt trien siJc sdn xu^'t, tiJc la tao r a duoc dpi ngu cong

nhan l ^ m thue

- K h i che dp n6ng no b i thu ti§u, chii nghia tiX b i n d Nga phdt trien m a n h

Nhir v i y , cai cdch nong no d Nga vira tao r a nguon nhan cong phuc vu cho

nen sAn xuat t\i Mn chu nghia vira m d dudng cho chu n g h i a t a ban phdt

trien, nen no c6 y n g h i a nhuf mot cupc each m a n g tir san

C a u 7 : V i sao p h o n g t r a o e a c h m a n g of DuTc, I - t a - l i - a , N g a , M i d i l n r a

dvCdi n h f i n g h i n h thulc k h a c n h a u ?

* Hadng ddn trd lai :

- H i n h thuTc cua cAc phong tr^o cdch m a n g :

+ (5 Dure : \h cupc chien t r a n h vurong trieu ; thue h i e n "tur tren xuong"

b^ng bao life, thong qua c h i n h sdeh "sdt va mau" cua Bix-mac

+ 6 I-ta-li-a : 1^ cu^c chien t r a n h luc dau "tiT tren xuong" sau d6 l a "tir

dudi len" b k n g siJc m a n h cua qudn chiing

+ 6 Nga : \k cupc cai each t u san k h o n g tfiet de, vdi h i n h thure "cai edeh

nong no"

+ CJ M l : 1^ cupc npi chien

- Sd d l m 6 i niTcJc l a i d i l n ra theo nhuTng h i n h thiJc khde k h a c n h a u v i :

xua't phdt tCr t i n h h i n h cu the eiia m6i (luoe gia ; trong do tirofng quan liTc

lufcfng d6ng v a i trb quyet d i n h v ^ chi phS'i h i n h thurc cua eac cupc dau t r a n h

de dya edch m a n g dg'n t h ^ n g Ipri, thiTc hi$n muc tieu cuoi cung 1^ tao dieu

k i e n cho chu n g h i a tiT ban phat t r i ^ n

11 CAU H 6 I VA BAI TAP BO SUNG

C a u 1 : H a y t r i n h b a y nhuTng n e t Idrn v e q u a t r i n h t h o n g n h a t DiJc

giCa t h e k i X I X

- Den giora the k i XIX, k i n h te tU ban chu n g h i a d Dure phdt t r i l n nhanh

ch6ng,; tir mot nuTtJc nong nghiep, Dure t r d t h a n h ni/dc cong nghiep Svt pMt

trien m a n h me cua cong nghiep I ^ m cho dpi ngu con^ n h ^ n tang nhanh

- Cong nghipp va eac t h a n h t h i phat trig'n nhanK^^hong da thoi thue nhieu

quy tpc dia chu chuyen s a n g k i n h doanh theo loi t u ban chu nghia

- T r d ngai Idn n h a t cho sir phat trien k i n h te tiT ban chu n g h i a d Dufc la

da't nufdc v a n trong t i n h trang b i chia se thanh nhieu vucfng quoc I d n nho,

trong do A o va Pho va h a i viTOng quoc Idn nhat V a n de thong nha't da't ni/dc

ngay cang trd t h a n h yeu cau cap thiet

38

- Bp phan quy too qufin phi§t Phd dai dien Ik Bi-xm6c, duac sir iing hp ciia

giai cap tuf san da dung vu luc de thong nhat dat nude bkng ba bupc chien tranh vdi cdc nUdc Idng gieng

- Vdi sir tha't bai cua Phdp trong cupc chien tranh Phdp - Pho (1870 - 1871),

Bi-xmdc da gat durpc a n h hirdng cua Phap, thu phuc cdc bang mien N a m ,

hoan t h a n h vi^c thong nha't dat nirdc

- Ngay 18 - 1 - 1871, 11 thanh lap De che Dufc dufpc tS chdc t a i Cung dien

Vec-xai (Phap) Vua Pho Vin-hem I chinh thufc l e n ngoi Hoang de Bi-xmdc

trd thanh Thii tudng nirdc Dure Thang 4 - 1871, Hien phap mdi diTpc ban hanh, quy dinh nude Dure la mot lien bang gom 22 quoc gia va 3 t h a n h pho tir

do, ciing c6' vai tro cua quy tpc quan phiet Pho

- Nhir vay, viec thong nhat nirdc Dure mang tinh chat mot cupc each mang t u

sAn, tao dieu kien cho k i n h te tU ban chu nghia phat trien manh me d DUc

C a u 2 : H a y t r i n h b a y diin b i e n c h i n h q u a t r i n h t h o n g n h a t I - t a - l i - a

- GiUa the k i XIX, I-ta-li-a v i n b i chia thanh 7 vUcfng quoc nho Phdn Idn

cdc vUdng quoc theo che dp quan chu chuyen che va chiu sU khong che cua de

quoc Ao; duy chi cd VUPng quoc Pi-e-mon-te la giOr dupc doe lap vdi che dp chinh t r i va k i n h te tien bp hon ca

- Giai cap tU san d cac vUOng quoc tren ban dao I-ta-li-a deu mud'n dua vao Pi-g-mon-te de loai bo the lUc cua Ao, thue hien viec thong nhat I-ta-li-a Bd tude Ca-vua, Thu tudng Pi-e-mon-te, chii trUotog diing chien t r a n h de thanh

lap nude I-ta-li-a thong nhat dudi sU lanh dao cua Vudng trieu Xa-voa

- Thang 4 - 1859, Ca-vua lien m i n h vdi Phap tien hanh chien t r a n h vdi

Ao Trong k h i chien sU dang d i l n ra, quan ehung d cde vUPng quoc thupe

mien Trung I-ta-li-a da noi day khdi nghia Bon phong kien thong t r i d day

phai chay sang Ao Lien quan Pi-e-mon-te - Phap, duge sU h i t r o cua doan

quan t i n h nguyen Ga-ri-ban-di, da day quan Ao vao t i n h the v6 cung khd khan Thang 3 - 1860, cac vUPng quoc tren sap n h a p vao Pi-e-m6n-t6

- Thang 4 - 1860, phong trao khdi nghia cua nhan dan d dao Xi-xi-li-a (mien N a m I-ta-li-a) bung no d5i l a t do chinh q u y i n tay sai de quoc Ao vao thong nhat da't nUdc Ga-ri-ban-di dem quan xuong giup nhan dan Nam I-ta-li-a.-

DOi quan "Ao do" h o n 1000 ngudi do Ga-ri-ban-di chi huy da r d i Gie-no-va,

yuot bien do bp len dao Xi-xi-li-a

- Sau do, mien N a m I-ta-li-a dUpc sdp nhap vao Pi-e-mon-te (10 - 1860),

thanh lap Vuong quoc I-ta-li-a Vua Pi-e-mon-te la Em-ma-nu-en I I dUpc ton

l^m Quoc vuong, Bdc tudc Ca-vua lam Thii tUdng

- N a m 1866, I-ta-li-a lien minh vdi Pho chdng Ao, giai phong dUpc Ve-ne-xi-a

Nam 1870, vdi sU tha't b a i cua Phdp t r o n g cupc chien t r a n h Phdp - Pho,

RS-ma da thupc ve I-ta-li-a

- Cupc dau t r a n h thong nha't I-ta-li-a mang t i n h cha't mot cupc each mang

san, l a t do sir thong t r i eiia d§' quoc Ao va cac the lire phong ki§'n hko thu

I-ta-li-a, tao dieu kien cho chii nghia tU ban phat trien

39

Trang 20

- N g k y 12 - 4 - 1 8 6 1 , npi c h i e n b i m g no GiOfa n S m 1862, T6ng t h o n g L i n - c o n

k i s^c l e n h cap d a t of m i e n T a y cho d a n d i ciT, t a o dieu k i e n cho hp on d i n h cupc

song, p h a t tri&'n k i n h t e t r a n g t r a i N g k y 0 1 - 1 - 1863, s^c l e n h b a i bo che do

no le diTpc b a n h a n h Nhc( vay, h a n g v a n no le dirpc g i a i p h 6 n g c i m g v d i d o n g dao

d a n tyf do \h nhOCng ngucfi m 6 i diTpc cap dat, d a g i a n h a p dpi q u a n cua C h i n h phsj

L i e n b a n g Sufc m a n h cua q u a n dpi L i e n b a n g diTcfc t a n g ciTcmg

- N g a y 9 - 4 - 1 8 6 5 , t r o n g t r a n d a n h q u y e t d i n h t a n c o n g t h u p h i i H i e p

b a n g , q u a n dpi L i e n b a n g da c h i e n t h a n g ve v a n g , c h a m dut cupc n p i c h i e n

- Cupc n p i c h i e n 1 8 6 1 - 1865 \k cupc each m a n g tiT s a n I a n thuf h a i d M i , ki

tiT s a u C h i e n t r a n h g i a n h dpc l ^ p DiTa v a o lire l i i p n g each m a n g cua q u a n

- C a i each n o n g no d N g a ( 1 8 6 1 ) l a cupc ckch m ^ g t i f s a n k h S n g t r i e t de,

con n h i e u h a n c h e N o d u y t r i n h i i u d a u v e t cua t r a i tiT p h o n g k i e n , t h e h i e n

_2) Qua trinh th6'ng nha't

3) Kg't qua dat difOc

- DOi ngu cong nh§n t3ng nhanh

- Quy tpc va dia chij chuyen sang kinh doanh theo loi ti/ ban chu nghTa

- IMi/dc Difc bi chia x§ th^nh nhieu viiong quo'c nh5, can trd sa phat trien kinh te tif ban chu nghTa Van de thong nha't nude Difc ngay cang trd thanh ygu clu ca'p bach

2 Qu5 trinh thfi'ng nha't - Disc ti§'n hanh thfi'ng nha't b^ng vu lire "tir trgn xud'ng" thdng

qua cac euOc chig'n tranh vdi cac nade khae

- Qua trinh thd'ng nha't DiJe : Thong nha't tir trgn xuS'ng, bSng

ba cuOc ehi§'n tranh vdi cac ni/dc lang gililg:

+ I\l§m 1864, Bi-xmac tan cong Dan Mach, chiS'm xtai-nd va Sd-le-xvich thuOc HSc Hai va Ban Tich

Hdn-+ Nam 1866, Bi-xmac gay cnig'n tranh vdi Ac, Bifc thanh I5p mOt Lign bang B^c Difc

- Nam 1870 - 1871, Bi-xmac gay chien vdi Phap, thu phyc cac bang mien Nam hoan thanh thd'ng nha't Difc

3 K§'t quS dgt difdc Vigc thd'ng nha't nirdc Difc mang tinh cha't mOt cuOc each mano

tir san, tgo di^u kign cho kinh te tir ban chu nghTa phat trien 5

Trang 21

C a u 7 : H a y c h o b i e t h# q u a c u a c u p c d a u t r a n h t h o n g n h a t Dufc,

t h o n g n h a t I - t a - l i - a do'i vdri s U p h a t t r i e n c u a c h u n g h i a tvi b a n

*HiCdng ddn trd Idi :

- Thong nhfi't dat nxxdc, thong nhfi't t h i triTfifng d&n t p c

- Tao dieu k i e n cho chu nghia tu ban phdt t r i e n d Bile, I - t a - l i - a d cAc

niTdc chau Au

- Nirdc Dure I-ta-li-a c6 dieu k i e n dua nen k i n h te phdt t r i e n , tii do dSn

den h i n h t h a n h cdc cong t i doc quyen roi di den chu n g h i a de quoc

- C h i n h sir t h o n g nhat do l a m cho Dufc, I-ta-li-a s a u do h a i nirdc nay t r d

th^nh nhuTtig 16 lufa g&y chien t r a n h th§' gidi

Bai 8

C A C Nl/CfC T I / M N C H U Y E N S A N G G I A I D O A N

D E Q U O C C H U N G H I A

I cAu H O I C O S A N T R O N G S A C K G I A O K H O A

C a u 1 : Suf d u n g c a c k i e n thufc d a hoc ve V ^ t l i , H o a hoc t r i n h bay m^t

so t h a n h tuTu ve k h o a hpc - k i thu|it dvC<ic n e u r a trong b a i hoc n a y

- T r o n g l l n h viTc V a t li, nhiJng phat m i n h ve dien ciia cdc nha bdc hpc nhu

Gh §-o6c Xi-mon 6m (1789 - 1854) ngiT^i DuTc, Mai-ccfn Pha-ra-day (1791 - 1867)

\k Giemx Pre-xcot Giun (1818 - 1889) ngudi A n h , E - n U - l i Khri-xchia-no-vicli

Len-xcf (1804 - 1865) nguofi Nga da md ra kha n&ng iJng dung mot nguon

nang lUOng mdi Thuye't electron cua T6m-xorn (Anh) cho tha'y nguyen tOf

khong phai la phan tuf nho nhat cua vat chat ma trudc do ngUofi ta v l n lam

tirdng Nhijmg phat hien ve hien tuong phong xa cua nha bac hoc ngudi Phap

Hang-ri Bec-co-ren (1852 - 1908), Pi-e Q u y - r i v a M a - r i Q u y - r i da dat nen

tang cho viec t i m k i e m nguon nang luang h a t n h a n ; cong t i n h nghien ciJu cua

nha vat li hoc ngifdi A n h E c - n 4 t Rcf-do-pho (1871 - 1937) la mot bifdc t i e n v i

dai t r o r ^ viec t i m hiiu ca'u triic vat cha't va t r d thanh chig'c chia khda t h i n

k i de t i m hieu the gidi ben trong cua nguyen tijf Phat m i n h cua nha bac hoc

ngudi DiJc V i n - h e m Rcfn-ghen (1845 - 1923) ve t i a X vao n a m 1895 da giiip y

hoc chan idoan c h i n h xac b$nh t a t , biet hifdng dieu t r j n h ^ m phuc hoi suTc

khde cho con ngudi ^ '

- T r o n g l i n h vifc H 6 a hoc, d i n h lualt tuin hokn ciia nha bdc hoc Nga

Men-d§-le-ep da dat ccf sd cho s\i phan hang cac nguyen to hda hoc

- L i n h vifc Sinh hoc cung c6 nhieu t i e n bp Idn Hoc thuye't Dac-uyn (Anh)

de cap den sU tien hda va di truyen, sir chon loc tir nhien ciia sinh vat ; phat

m i n h ciia nha bac hoc ngirdi Phap Lu-i Pa-xtctn (1822 - 1895) giiip phat hi^n

v i t r u n g va che tao thanh cong vacxin chong b^nK cho dai ; cong t r i n h cua

la sir phat m i n h cua dpng co do't trong do k i sU R Di-e-den (Dufc) cai tign mdi

dirOG ap dung r p n g r a i Dpng co dot trong suf dung nhien lieu long, khong can

noi hcfi, so vdi may hcfi nirdc t i e n Ipi hon ra't nhieu

- Viec sijf dung dpng c<3 do't t r o n g tao r a kha nang phat t r i e n nganh dto va

may bay, dong t h d i thiic day nganh k h a i thac dau md TCr dd cac nha tir ban tranh gianh nhau ve dau md ngay cang gay g^t

C a u 3 : T r i n h b a y h i e u biet c u a e m ve A B N 6 - b e n v a g i a i N 6 - b e n

- A B N6-ben (1833 - 1896) la nha bac hoc Thuy Dien da phat m i n h r a

thud'c no va cd 350 h^ng phat m i n h khac, dac biet la thud'c no khong khdi TCr

nhiTng n a m (1873 - 1890) sau k h i so'ng d Nga va M i , ong ve t a i Pa-ri Sau dd, ong n g h i hiTU t a i I - t a - l i - a va lam chQ mot gia t a i khong 16 v d i t r i gia 40 trieu

Phcf-rang vang

Ngay 14 - 3 - 1893, ong viet chiic thir t h d nhat Do dieu ki§n khach quan, chiic thir thiJ nha't thay ddi vao ngay 27 - 11 - 1895 va ong da lap ra giai thirdng N6-ben Theo dd, so' gia tai 33 trieu curoon dufpc silf dung nhiT sau : Phan vo'n gufi vao ngan hang, phan l a i hang nam se phan phoi l a m giai thufdng cho nhiJng ai t r o n g nam triTdc da ddng gdp dircJc nhilu cho n h a n loai cac lofi tuTc di/dc chia n a m phan b^ng nhau Phan thuT nhat cho tac gia phat

m i n h quan t r o n g nha't ve vat l i , phan thiif hai v l hoa hoc, phan t h d ba ve y

te, phan t h d tir ve van chirong, phan thuf nam ve mot so' nhan v a t noi tieng

cd nhieu ddng gdp cho t i n h doan ket, hoa b i n h cua n h a n loai

C a u 4 : Q u a t r i n h x u a t h i ^ n c a c to chute dpc q u y e n d i e n r a nhtf the nao ?

- Den cuo'i the ki X I X , viec sijf dung nguon nang luong m d i ciing nhCfng

tien bp ki thuat tao ra k h a nang xay ditag cac nganh cong nghipp t r e n quy

" I d Idn D ^ tap t r u n g nguon vd'n Idn du sufc canh t r a n h , cac nha tiT ban thanh

l^p cac cong t i dpc quyen

- 6 phap, nganh luy§n k i m va k h a i tac md tap t r u n g t i c u g tay hai cong t i Cong t i "Snay-do Crcf-do" n^m cac nha may quan sir d Cra-dd va cac nha

^ a y che tao do dong, th^p cung cac nganh khac d nhieu vimg t r o n g nufdc

Td 'ng Cong t i dudng sdt va dien k h i " ciing 6 cong t i khac dpc quyen nganh

'JiJdng s^t t r o n g niTdc 50% t r o n g iki dirdng bien do 3 cong t i Idn nam H a i

^^ng t i "Xanh Gd-ben" va "Cu-man" k i e m soat toan bp cong nghiep hda chat

43

Trang 22

- CJ Dijtc, Cong t i than Ranh-V6t-xpha-len (thanh lap nftm 1893) da kieni

so^t 95% tong san lifcfng than vung Rua - viing cong nghif p Idn nhat ciia Dilc

vk han 55% tong san luang than c& nirdrc

C a u 5 : T r i n h bay nhuTng tien bp k i thu^t n^i b^t va tac dpng cua

chiing do'i vdri san xuat va dUi song

- Nhang tien bo vi ki thudt :

+ Net noi bat la nhufng phdt minh ve dien Ph^t minh cua Mo6c-xa ve

di$n bdo, cua E-di-xcfn ve b6ng dfen dien v^ xay difng nha may dien ; tiep

theo \k nhOmg phat minh ve dien thoai, dien anh v6 tuy§'n dien truyin thanh

vk tia X da dUa nguon nSng lucrng mdi vao cdc Iinh vUc cua cuoc song

+ Viec suf dung 16 Betxme v^ 16 Mactanh danh dau mgt bu«Jc each mang

trong ng^nh luyen kim

+ Trong nhuTng nam 80 cua th§' k i XIX, nhufng sang che' ra may tuocbin

phdt dien chay bkng sufc nu^c v^ tuocbin phat dien cung viec chuyen tai dif n

di xa da tao nhChig dieu kien rat quan trong de nang cao nang sua't lao dong

vuat bac va md rong han nOa quy mo san xuat

+ NhCmg phat hi$n dau tien ve dau mo of M i v^ d Nga dem lai cho lo^i

ngi/di mot nguon nhien lieu mdri ngoai than, sau n^y duoc s\i dung rong rai

trong cac ng^nh cong nghi^p

- Tdc dong :

+ San lucfng cac ng^nh cong nghi$p tang len nhanh ch6ng

+ Nhieu phucmg tien giao thong xuat hien nhu 6 to, may bay, tau bi^n,

tau ngam

+ Dap uTng nhu cau ngay cang tang cua con ngUdi

C a u 6 : Cuo'i the k i XIX - dau the k i XX, cac ntfdc ti^ ban A u - Mi c6

nhifng chuyen bien quan trpng gi ? Trong do, chuyen bien nao dang

chii y nhat ?

* Hu6ng ddn trd Idi :

- Cuoi the k i XIX, do sir canh tranh da lam pha s&n nhieu ca sd kinh

doanh nho, tai san tap trung d^n vao tay cac nha tu ban Idn Xu hudng tap

trung san xua't, tap trung tU ban da dan den sU xuat hien cac to chufc doc

quyin nhU cacten, xanhdica d Bvic vk Phap, tordt d Ml

- Su tap trung san xua't, tap trung tU ban lam tang vai tr6 cua ngkn hang

Dan dan trong nganh ngan hang cung hinh thanh nhpmg ngan hang Idn

Nhieu chu ngan hang \di so von khong 16 da n^ni'.lu6n cac ca sd skn xufi't

true ti§'p kinh doanh cong nghi$p Su dung hap giOfa tU hkn ngan hang vdi tU

b^n cong nghiep da tao nen t^ng Idp tU ban tai chinh

- Cung vdi viec xuat k h l u hang hoa, tang Idp tu ban tai ehinh day manh

xua't khau tU ban Ho chuyen von dau tU vao san xua't, kinh doanh 6 cac nUdc

thuOc dvA, phu thuge hoac cho vay lai de thu lai nhuan cao

- Do nguon lai thu duac qua Idn tiT xua't khau tU ban, cac nU(Jc de quoc tftng

cuang xam luac thuoc dia khie'n cho sU tranh cha'p giufa cac nudc tu ban chu nghia ngay cang cSng th^ng

Nhu vay, den cuoi the ki XIX dau the ki XX, sU xua't hi§n cac to chUc doc quyen, sU ra d6i cua tU ban tai chinh, sU tang cUdng xua't khau tu ban va k6o theo n6 la sU tranh cha'p thuoc dia ngay cang cang t h i n g la nhUng dau hieu

ca ban danh da'u budc chuyen cua chu nghia t u ban sang giai doan d§' quoc

chu nghia, trong d6 dac d i l m ndi bat nha't la chu nghia tU ban doc quyen

B C A U HOI VA B A I T A P BO SUNG Cau 1 : Nguyen nhan hinh thanh cac to chiifc dpc quyen vao cuoi the

ki XIX dau the ki XX Dfic diem chung va dSc diem rieng cua chii nghia de quoc

- Nguyen nhdn :

+ Do tien bo cua khoa hoc - ki thuat san xua't cong nghiep cac nUdc A u - M l

tang nhanh dan dg'n tich tu tU ban

+ c a c nganh kinh t§' chuyen tU tU do canh tranh sang to chUc d6c quyen dUdi nhieu hinh thUc: cacten, xanhdica, t6rat

- Dac diem chung cua chu nghia de quoc :

+ Su tap trung san xua't va tap trung tU ban dat den mUc do phat trien

cao, tao thanh nhOfng to chUc lung doan

+ Sir dung hap giUa tU ban ngan hang vdi tU ban cong nghiep trd thanh

tu ban tai chinh

+ Viec xuat kh^u tU ban duac quan tam

+ Su hinh thanh cac khoi lien minh tU ban doc quyen chia nhau the gidi

+ Cac cucfng quo'c tu ban Idn dua nhau phan chia da't dai the gidi

- M5i de quoc con c6 dac diem rieng :

+ M l la sU hinh thanh cac tdrdt khong 16 vdi nhufng tap doan tai chinh

giau s u

+ Anh la de qu6'c thuc dan vdi h$ thong thuoc dia rong Idn va dong dan + Phap la de' quoc cho vay nang lai

+ DUc la chu nghia de quoc quan phiet hieu chien

Cfiu 2 : V\o cac n\idc de quoc tSng cvCdng xam chiem va tranh chap

thuQc dia?

• De khai thac nguyen l i ? u , sijf dung nhan cong re mat hoac dem cho vay thu duac nhieu lai

- Nam 1990, nude Anh dau tU ra ben ngoai 2 t i livra xteeting ; den nam

1913, len gan 4 ti N a m 1899, tien lai cua so von xua't kh^u la 90 tri$u livra

Trang 23

xt^cling, den nftm 1912 len t d i 176 tri$u T h i trucfng dau tiT chu y§'u cua nifdc

A n h la cac thupc dia mot so ndi n h u A n Dp, T r u n g Quoc, Nga, cac nUdc

M i L a - t i n h

- Cac thupc dia c6 vai t r 5 quan trong do'i vdi cac de' quoc, la noi dau tiX vk

tieu t h u hkng hoa ciia chinh quoc, ngu6n cung cap nguyen lieu va n h a n c6ng

re mat, cung cap b i n h l i n h cho nhufng cuoc chien t r a n h

C a u 3 : T a i sao t r o n g g i a i d o a n de q u d c c h u n g h i a , m a u t h u l n x a h ^ i

n g a y c a n g gay g^t ?

* Huang dan trd lai :

Trong giai doan de quoc chii nghia, cac mau thuSn xa hpi : glOra cac midc de

quoc vdi nhau, giijfa de quoc vdd nhan dan thuoc dia, giCfa giai cap tuf san v6i c6ng

nhan vk nhSn dan lao dong trong c^c nude tiT ban cang t r d nen sau s^c

- Chu nghia d§' qu6'c vdi de quoc luon t r a n h chap thuoc dia

- Giai cap t\i san boc lot giai cap cong nhan

- Chu nghia de quoc vd v6t thong t r i cdc nude thuoc dia

Bdi9

C A C NtfCiC D E QUOC (cuoi the k i XIX - dau the'ki XX)

I C A U H 6 I C O S A N T R O N G S A C H G I A O K H O A

C a u 1 : V i sao s a u n a m 1870, A n h m a t d i a v i dpc q u y e n c o n g n g h i ^ p ,

c o n c o n g n g h i ^ p P h a p t h i p h a t t r i e n c h $ m ?

* Hudng d&n trd Idi :

- Sau n a m 1870 cong nghiep A n h mat dan dia v i dpc quyen v i :

+ May moc xuKt hi§n sdm hcfn cAc niTdc hang may chuc nftm

+ Nhieu t h i e t b i cu k i ducc tich l a i

+ Sif canh t r a n h quyet l i e t cua cac niTdc tii ban mdi phdt t r i l n ( M i , DiJc)

- Cong nghiep Phap ph^t t r i e n Cham l a i :

+ TrUdc n a m 1870, Phap la nirdc cong nghi^jj^ien t i e n dufng thuf h a i the

gidi sau A n h Sau nam 1871, k i n h te Phap phdt t r i e n ch$m l a i v i :

+ Phap t h a t bai t r o n g cuoc chien t r a n h Phdp - Phd do d6 phai boi

thirdng chien t r a n h

+ Ngheo t a i nguyen va nhien lieu, dac biet la t h a n da

+ Giai ca'p t u san chi chu t r o n g d§'n xuat cang tif ban, khong chii t r o n g

phat tri§'n cong nghiep t r o n g nirdc

C&u 2 : T i n h h i n h k i n h te, c h i n h t r i c i i a P h a p v a c nhvCng n a m cuo';

th^' ki' X I X - d a u the k i X X d i e n r a nhrf the n a o ?

* Hi^^ng ddn trd lai : Tinh hinh kinh ti' :

+ Den cuo'i the k i X I X , san xua't cong nghiep cua Phap t u t xuo'ng hhiw,

thiJ tu, sau DiJc, M l , A n h va k i thuat l a c hau ro ret so vdi nen cong nghiep

cua nhieu nirdc t u ban t r ^ khac

+ Tuy vay, cong nghiep Phap cung c6 nhufng ti^'n bp dang k§ He thong

difdng s^t Ian rpng ca nirdc, da day n h a n h sU phat t r i e n cua cac nganh khiu

tad, luyen k i m va thuong nghiep Viec co k h i hoa san xuat dirge t a n g cudnj,

TiT nam 1852 - 1900, so x i n g h i f p suf dung may moc tang len 9 lAn, so dpng

co chay bkng hai nUdc tang len 12 Ian

+ Nong nghiep van giOr vai tro quan t r o n g t r o n g k i n h te Phap v i phan

d6ng dan ciX song hhng nghe nong

+ Trong thdi k i nay, d Phap cung hinh thanh n h i l u to chufc dpc quyen,

din dan chi phoi nen k i n h te dat niJdc

+ Do vay, dac diem cua chu nghia de quoc Phap la chii nghia de quoc cho vay lai

-Tinh hinh chinh tri :

+ Thang 9 - 1870, nifdc Phap t h a n h lap n6n Cong hda thiif ba Seng, phai Cpng h5a Phap da sdm chia t h a n h hai nhdm : On hda va Cap t i e n , thay nhau cam quyen d Phap

+ T r o n g nhiJng thap nien cuo'i cua the k i X I X , nufdc Phap rao rid't chay dua vu t r a n g de t r a moi t h u vdi DuTc, t i e n hanh nhiJng cuoc chife'n t r a n h xaro chie'm thupc dia, chu yeu d khu vuc chau A va chau Phi

+ Den trirdc Chien t r a n h the' gidi thuf nhat, thupc dia ciia Phap diigc md

rpng chi diJng sau A n h , vdi dien tich gan 11 trieu km^ va 55,5 trieu dan

CSu 3 : N e u mpt so s\i k i ^ n chufng to k i n h te Dilfc p h a t t r i e n m a n h

Nguyen n h a n c u a stf p h a t t r i e n

Huang ddn trd lai :

• Mdt so sU kien :

+ Vao giijfa the k i X I X , DiJc con l a mot nifdc nong nghiep, da so dan cu'

t r u n g d nong t h o n va cac t h a n h t h i nho Sau k h i thd'ng nha't da't nUdc,

^ ~ 1871, nen k i n h te Dufc phat t r i l n vdi tdc dp mau le, vUcfn l e n d>Jng dau

^hSu Au va thuf h a i the gidi

+ Den cuo'i the' k i X I X , nhieu k h u cong nghiep do so Dufc xuat hien Qua

'-'•inh tap t r u n g san xua't va tap t r u n g tuf ban d Dufc di§n ra m a n h me Tii 66

d§'n sU r a ddi ciia cac cong t i dpc quyen Idn d nhufng nganh cong nghiep

•-hen chot Cac cong t i dpc quyen Diife dudi h i n h thdc cacten va xanhdica + Cong nghiep phat t r i e n , quy tpc dia chii DiJc cd dieu k i p n su" dung may

V a k i thuat m d i t r o n g nong nghiep

Trang 24

- Nguy&n nhdn cua sU phdt trien :

+ Cong cuoc t h o n g nhS't dat nifdc tao nen m6t t h i t r u d n g dan tpc v<Ji che

do h^nh chinh, quan thue, do ludng wk t i e n te thong nhat

+ Nhan diroc khoan boi thudng 5 t i phrflng \k hai vung giau nguyen lieu

cua Phap la An-ddt va Lo-ren

+ L a n h t h d nUdc Dufc chufa nhieu nguyen lifu khodng san, dac biet la

vung Tay N a m

+ Tif giOa the k i X I X , nufdc DiJc da c6 mot so ccf sd k i n h te cong, thUdng

nghiep, nay tiep t h u va van dung k i thuat mdi, toe do t a n g t r u d n g r a t nhanh

+ C6 nguon n h a n liTc doi dao vk tay nghe cao

C a u 4 : T r i n h b a y nhffng n e t n o i bgt t r o n g n e n k i n h te, c h i n h t r i M i

c u o i the lei X I X - d a u the k i XX

* Hadng ddn trd Icfi :

- Tinh hinh kinh te :

Sau cu^c npi chien (1861 - 1865) chu nghia t u ban phat t r i ^ n n h a n h ch6ng

vUcft bac Yi :

+ Viec giai phong ngurbi no le tao nen nguon lao dpng phong phii \k nSng d6ng

+ Nguon nhap cu tii chau A va chau Au cang lam t a n g t h e m nhan cong

va t r i t u ^ cho cac nganh san xuat

+ Che dp k i n h te don dien va t r a n g t r a i cung nhurng dong c6 menh m6ng

lam cho nirdc M l t r d thanh viia liia, nguon cung cap t h i t va ngu6n cung ca'p

nguyen lif u r a t giau c6 va da dang

+ M l giau nguyen lieu, n h i e n lieu, nhS't la mo vang, mo t h a n , dau cung

nhieu khoang skn khac

+ Khong bi r a n g buoc bdi t a n dii che do phong k i e n lac hau, khong gap

t r d ngai ve quyen luc chinh t r i cua gidi quy tpc

+ Cong nghiep M i xay ditog mupn, c6 the ap dung k i thuat t i e n t i e n nen

nang sua't cao

N h d do, chi tii n&m 1865 den 1894, M i tif thuf tiT nhay len dufng ddu the'

gidi ve san xuat cong nghi$p

Qua t r i n h canh t r a n h va khung hoang k i n h te da thiic d^y m a n h me si/

tap t r u n g san xuat va tU ban d M i Su ra ddi cac cong ti dpc quyen dien ra

n h a n h chdng, h i n h thiJc chu yeu la tdrdt vdi nhufng ong "vua dau lOfa", "vua

6-t6", "vua thep" chi phoi mpi hoat dpng k i n h te, c i ^ n h t r i nUdc M i

- Tinh hinh chinh tri :

+ D i l n g dau C h i n h phii M i la Tong thong H a i dAng tU san : Cpng hoa

Dan chu thay nhau len cam q u y l n

+ M i cham t r e t r o n g vi$c xkm chiem t h i trUdng th§' gidi

+ NhQng nam 80 thg' k i X I X t r d d i , M i lap tufc vUcfn ra ngoai l a n h tb^

Cuba, can thiep sfiu vac n ^ i bp cac nude Mi L a - t i n h ThiTc h i $ n chinh sdch

"md cufa" de x a m nhap vac Trung Quoc

C a u 5 : V i sao n o i c h u n g h i a de q u o c A n h l a c h u n g h i a de quo'c thtfc

d a n , c o n c h u n g h i a de quoc P h a p l a c h u n g h i a de q u o c cho v a y l a i ?

* Hu&ng ddn trd Idi :

- Chu nghia de quoc Anh :

+ Bi bu d i p sir thua t h i e t do ma't dia v i la "cong xxXdng cua the gidi", giai

cap thong t r i A n h day m a n h toe dp xam lupc de m d rpng he thong thuoc dia

d chau A va chau P h i N a m 1914, thupe dia A n h rpng t d i 30 t r i e u km^ v d i

400 trieu ngudi, chiem '4 lanh t h d va V4 dan so' the' gidi

+ De quoc A n h ton t a i va phat t r i e n nhd sir bdc lot t a n nhan mot he thong thuoc dia bao la va giau cd n^m r a i k h ^ p h a n h t i n h V i vay, chii nghia

de quo'c A n h diTcfc goi la "chii nghia de quoc thiTc dan"

- Chu nghia dS' quoc Phap :

+ Cong nghiep Phap phat t r i e n cham N h i m g nhGng cong t i dpc quyen

cung dan chi phoi nen k i n h te cua Phap Dac diem cua to chufc dpc quyen d Phap la viec tap t r u n g ngan hang dat miJc cao

+ Phap la nirdc dufng thuf hai ve xua't cang t u ban (sau A n h ) , nhung h i n h thUe khac A n h d ch6 tU ban dem cho cac nude cham t i e n vay l a y l a i V i vay, chu nghia de quo'c Pha'p dUPc goi la "chu nghia de quo'c cho vay l a i "

C a u 6 : V i sao gidfi c a m q u y e n Dtfc r a o r i e t c h u a n b i c h i e n t r a n h the gidri ?

- DUc budc vao con dudng tU ban chu nghia tUPng do'i cham, nen k h i t r d

t h a n h cUdng quo'c cong nghiep t h i phan Idn dat dai t r e n the gidi da la thupe dia hoac nijfa thupe dia cua A n h , Phap va cae nUde tU ban khac Ngay tU thap

ni§n the k i X I X , DUc cong k h a i ddi chia l a i t h i trUdng va thupe dia the gidi

Rao riet chay dua vu t r a n g chuan bi gay chien, d i n den mau t h u l n giUa DUc

vdi A n h va Phap cang sau s^c TU do, d chau Au h i n h t h a n h hai tap doan

chong doi nhau : M o t ben la DUc, Ao - H u n g va Tho N h i K i ; mot ben la A n h ,

Phap, Nga Ca hai tap doan nay deu 6m mpng xam luac va dien cuong chay

dua vu t r a n g

- Dac diem chu de quoc DiJc : la chu nghia qu&n Phiet hieu chiS'n

Cfiu 7 : N g u y e n n h a n n a o k h i e n k i n h te M i p h a t t r i e n vv^tft b ^ c ?

Cudi the' k i X I X , t r o n g s d cac nUdc cong nghiep t i e n t i e n M i la nUde cd

n i n k i n h te phat t r i e n han ca M i da nhay l e n v i t r i thU nha't ve s a n xua't

cong nghiep NhUng nguyen nhan chu yeu tao nen sU phat tri^n dd la :

- N h d dieu k i e n t h i e n nhien thuan l a i : che dp k i n h te don dien va t r a n g

t r a i cung nhUng dong cd menh mdng l a m cho nUde M i t r d t h a n h vUa liia,

iigu6n cung ca'p t h i t va nguyen lieu ra't giau cd va da dang

Trang 25

- Nu<Jc M l c6n c6 ngu6n tki nguyen khoiing s&n phong phu

- C 6 nguon lao dgng doi dko, tay nghe cao luon dupe bo sung bdi luong

ngu^i nhap cU, tiep t h u dupc nhieu th&nh tuu khoa hoc - k l thuat mdi

- Su tap t r u n g san xuat t u ban ciia M i

- Cong nghiep M i ra d&i vk phkt t r i e n mupn nen ap dung dupc nhufng phat

m i n h khoa hpc - k i thuat tien tien ciia the gidi

Cau 8 : Am mifti va hoat dpng banh trtfotag cua Mi d i i n ra nhxi the nao ?

- So vdi cac nudc de qudc khdc, M i cham t r i trong viec xam chiem t h i

trudng the gidi v i m a i lo chinh phuc dat dai rpng Idn cf mien T r u n g va mien

Tay ntrdc M i Den nhufng n a m 80 the k i X I X , k h i bien gidi M i da cham bd

Thdi B i n h Dudng, lap tufc gidi cam quyen M i thitc hien am miOi banh trudng

ra ngoM lanh tho nUdc M i

- Nirdc M i d i n h h i n h chien liTpc banh trUdng theo hai hudng: Xuong phia

N a m l a m chu T r u n g N a m M i va sang phia Tay chiem l i n h mot so hon dao

tren Thai B i n h Duong de l a m ban dap sang chau A M i thuc h i p n chinh sach

"cai gay" v^ "ngoai giao dong do la" trong qua t r i n h banh trifdng K l i i xam

chiem thuoc dia, M i khong t h i e t lap che dp thuoc dia theo nguyen mku ciia

A n h , Phap ma lap cac nudc cong hoa c6 be ngoai d6c lap, nhung thifc cha't la

thuoc dia cua M i

- Nam 1898, M i gay chien vdi Tay Ban N h a de xSm chiem P h i - l i p - p i n va

Cu Ba B&ng dong dola va siJc manh quan sU, M i can thiep vao npi bp cac

nUdc d M i L a - t i n h 6 T r u n g Quoc, M i de ra chinh sach "md cufa" de xam nhap

vao dat nirdc rpng Idn va giau c6 nay

B C A U H O I VA B A I T A P B O SUNG

Cau 1 : Trinh bay tinh hinh kinh te Anh vao cuoi the ki XIX - dau

the ki XX

- Ttr cuoi thap ni§n 70, A n h ma't d^n dia vi doc quyen cong nghiep, do wky,

mat luon ca vai tro lung doan t h i trUdng the gidi M i va Dure la nhOmg nudc tif

ban phat t r i e n sau nhimg l a i vUpt A n h T i n h rieng ve san lupng th6p :

- Tuy vai tro ba chu the gidi ve cong nghiep b i giam sut, A n h van chiem

OU the ve t a i c h i n h , xuat khau tif ban, thuong mai, hai quan va thupc dia

50

- Trong t h d i ki nay, n h i l u cong ti d6c quyen xufit hign d h^u hgt cac oganh cong nghipp : k h a i thdc t h a n , det, thuoc la, hda cha't, luypn k i m , vSn

t ^ i va dac biet t r o n g l l n h vUc i i g i n hang

Nen ndng nghiSp A n h cung lam vao t i n h trang khung hoang t r a m trong

vao cuoi the k i XIX, gia liia m i nhap tir chau Au va M i rat re trong k h i gia luctog

thirc s a n xua't trong nudc lai rait cao do che dp thue khoa Vi the, giai cgip t u san

js^h lao vao bu6n ban luotng thuc hon la dau t u vao san xua't ndng nghipp

2 : Hay neu nhffng net Idrn ve tinh hinh chinh tri nvidc Anh cuoi

the ki XIX - dau the ki XX

- V I h i n h thurc, nudc A n h la mot vUPng quoc nhuTng thiTc chat theo che dp

dai nghi gom: Thupng vien va H a vipn H a i dkng {Ddng Tu do vd Ddng Bdo

thu) thay nhau cam quyen

- Day cung la t h d i ki giai cap t u sdn A n h tang cudng, m d rpng h§ thdng thupc dia, dac biet d chau A va chau Phi

- Nha'n m a n h t a m quan trong cua viec bde lot thupe dia cua de quoc rdng

Idn m a " M a t t r d i khong bao gid lan", Le-nin da nhan d i n h : chu nghia de

qu6 'e A n h l a ehu nghia de quoc thuc dan

Cau 3 : Net noi b^t cua tinh hinh kinh te Du-c cuoi th6' k i XIX - dau

t h e k i X X

* Hudng d&n trd Idi :

- Trong nhufng n a m 1890 - 1900, san lupng cong nghiep DiJc tang 163% (Anh - 49%, Phap - 65%) Do san xuat phat t r i e n , viec xua't khau cac san

ph^m cong nghiep cua Dure tang rd ret

- Den n a m 1900, DUc vupt A n h ve san xuat th6p Ve tong^sdn luong edng nghiep, D-dfc dan dau chau A u va diing thuf hai the gidi (sau M i )

- D i l m noi bat cua qud t r i n h phat t r i e n cong nghiep Ddc bay gid la sU tap

trung san xuat va h i n h thanh cAc t6 ehufe dpc quyen diin ra sdm hdn nhiiu nudc khac d chau Au H i n h thufc dpc quyen pho bien d Ddc la cacten vk

^anhdica

' Nong nghipp cua Dure cung cd nhufng tien bp nhuiig eham chap han do

J'l^c tie'n h a n h caeh mang tU san khong t r i p t de Phan Idn rupng da't t^p

^^^g trong tay quy toe va dia chu

Cau 4 : Trinh bay nhtfng net I6n tinh hinh chinh tri d DiJc thdi ki

**ay

^^ong ddn trd Idi :

3 " Ph^P IS"^! <ljnh nude Dde la mot Lien bang gom 22 qudc gia va

^ hanh pho' tu do, theo che dp quan chu lap hien Trong Nha nudc Lien dft- ^' ^ ^ ^ i dau, cd quyen han to'i eao (Tong chi huy quan

" h i ^ m va each chdc Thu tudng, trieu tap va giai tkn Qudc hpi )

l^p phap t r o n g tay hai vien : H p i dong L i g n bang (Thupng vipn) gom

51

Trang 26

dai hiiu c&c bang va Quoc hoi (Ha v i f n) do h&u cis, n h i ^ m k i 3 nftm Cdc bang

vSn giOr h i n h thiJc VLTcrng quoc (c6 vua, Chinh phu Quoc hoi rieng), nhung

quyen han bi thu hep

- Nhh nirdtc Lien bang duoc xay diftig tren co sd hen nxinh giufa giai cap ta san

vk quy toe tii san hoa, dilng dau la Hoang de Vin-hem I va Thu tirdrng Bi-xmlc

- Mac du CO Hien phap, c6 Quoc hoi, nhuiig che do chinh t r i d Dufc thc(i ki

nay khong phai la che do dai nghi t u san ma thufc chat la che do ban chuyen

che, ap dung sU thong t r i cua Ph6 tren toan nude Dilc

- Dudng loi ddi ngoai ciia Dijfc vao cuoi the k i X I X - dau the k i XX la cong

khai d6i chia lai t h i triTdng thupc dia, rdo riet chay dua vu trang de thoa

man nhu cau cua gidi cam quyen Mau t h u i n giOfa DiJc vdi A n h , Phap cang

them sau s^c T i n h chat quan phi^t hieu chien 1^ dac diem noi bat ciia chu

nghia de quoc DuTc

C a u 5 : N h a n xet tinh h \ n h c h i n h tri nx(6c M i cuoi the k i X I X - dau

the k i XX

* Hildng ddn trd Idi :

- Che do chinh t r i 6 M l de cao vai tro Tdng thong thong qua dai dien ciia

mot trong hai Dang thang cuf, thay phien nhau cam quyen - Dang Cong hoa

(dai dien cho loi ich cua dai tif ban cong nghiep vk iki chinh) va Dang Dan

chu (dai dien cho lai ich ciia tiT ban nong nghiep va t r a i chii)

- Sau cuoc n6i chien 1861 - 1865, ddi song chinh t r i cua ngiTdi da den diroc

cai thien phan nao

- Day cung la thdi k i M i day manh viec th6n t i n h nhiJng dat dai rpng Idn

d mien Trung va mien Tay ciia tho dan In-di-an, md rpng bien gidi den bo

Thai B i n h Dirong Tir thap nien 80, M i banh triTdng anh hirdng d khu vifc M ;

La-tinh va T h d i B i n h DiTcfng, gay chien tranh vdi Tay Ban Nha (1898) dc

tranh gianh thupc dia, chiem Ha-oai, Cu-ba va Phi-lip-pin M i t t o g birdc can

thiep vko cong viec noi bp cua ckc nUdc Trung, N a m M i thong qua viec ap

dung chinh sdch "cki gay vk c\x ck rot", ket hop sufc manh ciia phao ham vh

dong dola

D6'i vdi Trung Quoc, M i dua ra chinh sach "md ciia" n h ^ m tao d i l u kiei

cho hang hda M i t r d n vao quoc gia rpng Idn nay, dem lai Idi nhuan cho ti

hka M l \

Chucfng III

P H O N G T R A O C O N G NHAN (GIOA T H E Ki XIX DAU T H E KI XX)

- Do bi dp bufc l^3c lot nang ne nen ddi song ciia cong nhan het siifc co ciTc

- Hoan todn khong 6d tU l i ^ u san xuat, 1dm thue bdn siJc lao dpng ciia minh de sinh song

- Lao dpng va't va nhiJng dong li/ong chet ddi, luon bi de dpa, b i sa thdi

- Mau thudn giiJa cong nhan vdi l\i san ngay cang gay g i t , ddn d§n cdc

cupc dd'u tranh

C a u 2 : H a y n e u nhti'ng net c h u y e u c u a phong trao cong n h a n vao nuta d a u the k i XIX

* Hudng ddn trd led :

- NhiJng cupc dau t r a n h : + Nhijtng n d m 20 - 30 the k i XIX, c6ng nhan A n h dau t r a n h ddi quyen tuyen cOf

+ d Phdp, ndm 1831, cong nhdn d$t Li-6ng khdi nghia ddi tdng lirong, giam gid lam

+ N d m 1834, tho to Li-6ng khdi nghia ddi thiet lap nen cpng hod

+ d A n h , tCf n d m 1836 - 1848 dien ra phong trdo " H i e n chuong" ddi pho thong dau phieu, tdng lifdng, gidm gid 1dm

+ CJ Diifc, n d m 1844, cong nhan Sa-le-din khdi nghia, phd huy nhd xirdng

- Tat ca cdc phong trdo dd'u t r a n h cua cong nhan d^u thd't bai

- Cdc phong trdo dau t r a n h thieu sif Idnh dao diing d i n , chifa cd difdng Idi chinh sdch r5 rdng

- Mdc dau b i thd't bai nhifng nd danh dd'u suf trUdng t h d n h cua cong nhdn,

Id tien d4 dSn ddn sii ra ddi ciia chii nghia xa hpi khoa hoc

Trang 27

Cau 3 : Chu nghia xa h$i khong tvidng ra ddi trong dieu ki^n nao ?

* Hu6ng ddn trd Idi :

- Den cuoi the k i XIX, chu nghia tu hka chuyen sang giai doan d§' quoc chu

nghia Sir ph^t t r i l n cua chu nghia tir ban ngay c^ng phoi bay nhOng mat

tieu cifc cua n6 trong viec b6c Ipt t^n nhSn ngucfi lao dpng gay nen nhieu

t ' nan xa hpi

- '^inh canh kho ciTc cua nhQng ngiTdi lao dpng da tac dong vao y thuTc, tu

tudng cua mpt so ngifdi tien bo trong h^ng ngu i\i san Hp nhan thufc duoc

nhCfng mai han che ciia xa hpi ttf ban, mong muon xay ditog mot che do xa

hpi tot dep hcfn, khong c6 t\i hufu, khong c6 b6c Ipt Tu tudng do Ik npi dung

cua chu nghia xa hpi khong tirdng m^ dai bilu xuat s^c \k Xanh Xi-mong,

Sdc-lcf Phu-ri-e d Phap R6-be 6-oen d Anh

Cau 4 : Hay phan tich cac mSt manh, yeu cua phong trao cong nhan

niifa dau the ki XIX

* Hudng ddn trd Idi : *

- Mat mqnh :

+ The hien difac y thuTc dau tranh chong dp biic bcc lot cua giai cap cong nhan

+ Ddnh dau sir trudng thanh ciia giai cap cong nhfin : tiT dau tranh kinh

te dan dan chuyen sang dau tranh chinh t r i

+ Tao dieu kien quan trong cho t'i ra ddi cua l i luan khoa hpc sau n^y

- Mdit yiu: • •

+ Tait ca c&c cupc dau tranh cuo'i ciing bi that bai vi thieu sU lanh dao

diing d^n v^ chiTa c6 duTdng loi chinh >;ri ro rang

+ V i n c6n nang ve dau tranh kinh te, doi quyen Icti tiifdc mat

Cau 5 : Tim hieu them npi dung tif tufdng cua L Xanh Xi-mong,

S Phu-ri-e, R 6-oen Vi sao goi la "chii nghia xa hpi khong tifoTng"?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi:

- Ngi dung tU tudng :

+ Xanh Xi-mong kich liet phe phdn che dp ap bile boc lot, keu gpi xay diftig mi

xa hoi cong bkng, trong do mpi ngufc/i dirge thoa man v l vat chat va tinh than

+ S Phu-ri-e phe phan xa hpi tir h&n mgt each sau s^c, de ra k§' hoach

cAi tao xa hpi hkng vi$c lap ra nhurng dan vi lao dpng, trong do moi ngiTcfi lao

dpng theo ke hoach, c6 thcfi gian nghi ngcfi

+ R 0-oen t6 chuTc mpt so' cong xirdng kieu mSu d Anh, d Mi, trong do

cong nhan chi lam vi^c 10 gi& rufdi mpt ng^y, dirge, trii^xxang cao va dirge

hirdng phiic Igi tap the 6ng eung chii trUctng di deA\hii nghia xa hpi b&ng

each tuyen truyen, thuyet phuc va neu gircfng

- Vi sao :

Cong lao cua cdc nha chu nghia xa hpi khong tirdng la phe phdn sau s^c

xa hpi tir ban, c6 y thiJc bao ve quyen Igi eiia giai cap cong nhan, diT doan

thien tai ve xa hpi tirong lai Nhiftig hp khong phat hi?n dirge nhufng quy luat

54

|)hat trien cua che dp tir ban va cung khong nhin thaiy liTc liTpng xa hpi c6

kh^ nang xay dimg xa hpi mdri la giai cap cong nhan Hp chi mo xxdc c6 mpt

xa hpi mdri, nhung hkng con di/dng nao de c6 dugc xa hpi do thi hp lai be tdc

Chinh vi v i y nen goi laehu nghia xa hpi khong tirorng

I I C A U H O I vA B A I T A P B O S U N G Cau 1 : Den giffa the ki X I X , cong nhan lam vi^c va sinh hoat trong

hoan canh nhvi the nao ?

- Do he qua ciia each mang cong nghiep, giai ca'p v6 sAn ra ddi tir niia cuo'i

the ki XVIII, trurdc tien d Anh, den giufa the ki XIX dan hinh thanh va I6n

manh tren pham vi the gidi

- Trong eac cong xiTotog tir ban, cong nhan phai lam viec het sufc vat va

nhimg chi di/gc nhan dong lirgng ehet doi

Vi du : d mrdre Anh, moi ngay cong nhSn trong cdc xirdng d$t (ke ca phu

niJ va tre em) phai lao dpng 14 - 15 gib, tham chi c6 noi 16 - 18 gi& Dieu

kien lam viec ra't toi te bdi moi trirdng luon am tha'p, nong nirc, bui bong nhu day nhOmg can phong chat hep

- Them vao do, viec siif dung mdy moc lam cho nhieu cong nhfin luon phai s6ng trong canh de dpa bi ma't viec lam D6 la nhutog ly do thiic dly giai cap v6 sdn dau tranh chong giai cap tir san

Cau 2 : Nhifng hinh thuTc dau tranh dau tien cua cong nhan Y nghia cua no

- Liie dau, do nhan thiic c6n han che, nhieu cong nhan da tirdng r^ng may

moc la nguon go'c gay nen n6i kho ciia ho Phong trao ddp phd may moc, dot

cong xudng la hinh thiJc dau tranh tU phdt dau tien ciia giai cap v6 san

Phong trao nay dien ra tir cuoi the ki XVIII den dau the ki XIX, trufdc het d Anh roi Ian ra edc nirdc khac Song, viec dap pha may moc khong dem lai ket qud gi ngoai sir tang cirdng dan ap eiia giai cap thong t r i Qua kinh nghiem cua nhieu Ian that bai va sir trirdng thanh ve y thufc, phong trao da'u tranh cua cong nhan ngay cang dugc nang cao va c6 to ehiJc vdi hinh thufc bai cong

d6i tang liTpng, giam gid lam va thanh lap cdc nghiep doan

• Y nghia :

+ The hi^n tinh than dau tranh ch6ng dp bufc, boc lot ngay cang nang cao

+ The hien quy luat : dau c6 ap bufc d do c6 dau tranh

Cau 3 : NhiJng C U Q C dau tranh cua cong nhan Anh, Phap, DiiTc hoi nufa dau the ki X I X phan anh dieu gi ?

- NhOfng cupc dau tranh eiia cong nhan Anh, Phap, Dufc thI hi$n tinh than

<Ja'u tranh quyet li§t cua giai cap cong nhan No ddnh dau sir trufdng thanh

55

Trang 28

cua giai cap cong n h a n : tii dau t r a n h k i n h te dan dan chuyen sang dau t r a n h

chinh t r i No phan a n h y thufc dau t r a n h giai cap ngay ckng n&ng cao

- Nhitog cuoc dau t r a n h t r e n cua giai cap cong n h a n A n h , Phap, Diic deu

t h a t b a i v i t h i e u sU l a n h dao diing ddn va chira c6 du6ng loi c h i n h t r i ro r k n g ,

song da ddnh dau s\X triTcfng t h a n h cua cong n h a n , tao dieu k i e n quan t r o n g

cho sU r a d6i cua l i luan khoa hoc sau nay

Cau 4 : L|tp nien bieu ve cac cupc dau tranh cua cong nhan Phap,

Anh, Drfc cuoi the k i XIX dau the k i XX

*Hudng d&n trd lai:

Anh 1836 - 1848 Phong trao Hien chuong do! pho thOng diu phieu, doi

tang It/Ong, giam gici lam

Difc 1844 C6ng nhan det So-l§-din khfii nghTa pha huy nha xifdng

Cau 5 : L ^ p bang torn tat ve cac quan diem v a c h u trufofng c u a cac

nha xa hpi khong tvrdng

* Huang d&n trd led :

Cic nhd xa h6i kh6ng tirdng Quan tti^m va chQ trircfng

Xanh Xi-m6ng Kjch liet phe phan chg' dO ^p bQc boc lot K§u gpi xSy

di/ng xa hoi cong bang, trong do mQi ngircii di/0c thoa man ve vat chat va tinh th^n

S Phu -ri -g Ph§ phtn xa hOi ta b^n mot c^ch sSu sk ra ke

hogch cai tao xa hoi bang vigc lap ra nhOng don vi lao dOng, trong do mpi ngi/di lao dong theo kg' ho^ich, c6 thcJi gian nghl ngoi

R 0- oen Chu truong di dg'n chu nghTa xa iioi bang each tuyen

truy^n, thuyg't phgc va neu gifong

Bai 11 SlS R A D d l C U A C H U N G H I A X A H O I

K H O A H O C Q U O C T E T H t f N H A T

I c A U H O I C O S A N T R O N G S A C H GfAO K H O A C^u 1 : T r i n h bay nhfing net chinh ve buoi dau boat dpng each mang

cia C Mac va P h Ang-ghen

* HUdng ddn trd Idi :

- N a m 1844, Ang-ghen sang Pa-ri gap C Mac Cuoc gap gS da m d ddu

t i n h ban cam dong va sir cong tdc chat che giiJa h a i nha each m a n g v6 san v i (Jai, nhiJng ngudi sang lap r a chu nghia xa hoi khoa hoc

- Mac va Ang-ghen d a cuiig nhau nghien ciJu l i luan va t h a n h l a p mot to chiJc quoc te cua giai cap v6 san

+ V l l i luan : H a i ong xay dimg hoc thuyet chu nghia xa h o i khoa hoc + Ve t o chiJc : H a i ong l i e n he vdi Dong m i n h nhufng ngifdi c h i n h nghia, diTcfc t h a n h l a p d Pa-ri n a m 1836, sau do t r d t h a n h Dong m i n h n h i i n g ngirdi c6ng san (6 - 1 8 4 7 ) D a y l a to chiJc dau t i e n cua giai cap v6 san quoc te,

nh&m : "doan k e t v6 san t a t ca cac nUdfc, de l a t do giai cap t\i san, t h i e t l a p

sir thong t r i ciia giai cdp v6 san, t h u tieu xa hoi tiT san cu"

- Thang 12-1847, Tuyen ngon Dang Cong san r a ddi, do C Mac va Ang-ghei; scan thao

Cau 2 : C Mac v a P h Ang-ghen c6 vai tro nhii the nao troiig vi§e thanh l^p Dong minh nhffng ngtfcfi cpng san?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi:

- N h i l i i g hoat dong cua Mac va Ang-ghen t h o n g qua vi§c n g h i e n ciJu csic

tac phani k i n h dien da dat ccf scf l i luEin cho sir h i n h t h a n h hoc thuyet Mac

- NhiJng hoat dong cua Mac va Ang-ghen t r o n g phong trao cong n h a n , l a m

CO sd thirc te cho sir h i n h t h a n h hoc thuyet Mac

- C Mac v a P h Ang-ghen l a nhiifng ngiTcfi sang lap r a Dong m i n h nhiJrij cOng san

- Hai ong da de r a muc dich hoat dong cho Dong m i n h nhflng ngirdi cong sari

- Mac va Ang-ghen da soan thao Tuydn ngon Dang Cong san L a van k i e n c6 t i n h chat ciTOng l i n h dau tfen ctia chu nghia xa hoi khoa hoc, bufOc d d u ket hop chu nghia xa h o i vdi phong trao cong nhan

Cau 3 : Hay n e u y nghia lich svL ban Tuyen ngon c u a Dang Cpng san

• Tuyen ngon d a Dang C6ng san l a v a n k i g n c6 t i n h chat cifcfng l i n h dau

^i^n cua chu nghia x a h o i khoa hoc, ddnh dau biTdc dau ket hop chu nghia xa

^Oi khoa hoc vdri phong trao cong nhan

57

Trang 29

- TCr day, giai cap cong nhan da c6 l i luan each m a n g soi diT&ng de thuc

h i e n muc tieu cuoi cung ciia ngUdi ngUdi cong san 1^ xky diftig chii n g h i a cpng

sdn t r e n to&n the gidti

- Chu n g h i a t\i ban ra dbi la mOt bUdc t i e n , song n6 chuTa ditog nhieu mau

t h u a n va cuoc dau t r a n h giOfa t u ban va v6 san t a t yeu nd ra

- K h i n g d i n h suf menh l i c h sut vk vai tro ciia giai cap v6 <?an 1^ lanh da,

each mang Muon cdch mang thdng lai can phai c6 chinh dang t i e n phong

cua m i n h

- T r i n h b^y mot each he thong nhifng nguyen l i cof ban cua ch.u nghia cong

san, chiJng m i n h quy luat t a t yeu diet vong ciia che do t\X ban v a thang lo;

ciia chu nghia cong san

C a u 4 : Q u o c te thut n h a t dvC^c t h a n h l^p t r o n g d i e u k i ^ n l i c h suf n h u

t h e n a o ?

-* Huang ddn trd Idi : «

- Giufa the k i X I X , sir phat t r i e n manh me cua nen dai cong nghiep tH ban

chu nghia l ^ m cho doi ngu cong nhan c^ng t h e m dong dao va tap t r u n g toi

mifc do khA cao, dac biet d nhiJng t r u n g t a m cong nghiep Ach dp buTc, b6c lot

doi vdi cong n h a n cung tang them Do d6, nhOfng cuoc da'u t r a n h mdi cu;i

cong nhan chau Au khong ngiftig didn ra song van con t r o n g t i n h t r a n g phar

tan ve to chufc va thieu thong nhat ve tU tifdng

- T i n h h i n h t r e n doi hoi phai c6 mot to chiJc each mang quoc te d§' doan

ket v^ l a n h dao phong tr^o cong nhan ckc nifdc Ngky 28 - 9 - 1864, tronp

cuoc m i t t i n h Idn d Luan Don c6 dai b i l u cong n h a n nhieu niTdc t h a m gi

Hoi L i e n hiep lao dong qu6c te (thif&ng diTdc goi Ik Quoc te thuf nhat) ducfc

t h ^ n h lap v6i sU t h a m gia tich cUc cua Mkc

C a u 5 : T r i n h b a y sor Ivfotc t i e u svC cua C M a c v a P h A n g - g h e n

- Cac Mac sinh ngay 5 - 5 - 1818 trong mot gia d i n h luat sU goc Do Thai

CO t u tudng t u do t i e n bo, d t h a n h pho Tcf-ri-cr (DUc)

- N a m 1842, Mac l a m cong tac vien, roi l a m Tong bien tap Bao song Ranh

- mot tcf bao c6 xu hudng dan chu each mang Vi ed tU tudng chong doi chinh

quyen, Bao sSng Ranh b i dong cufa

- N a m 1843, Mac cung vcf la Gien-ni phai rdi DuTc sang Pa-ri (Phdp), r6i

Brue-xen (Bi) va cuoi cung cu trii lau dai d Luan Don KAnh) O Pa-ri, Mac

thUfJng xuyen tiep xiic vdfi nhuCng xxhk hoat dong detiji mang ciia phong trac

cong nhan, nghign cilu lich suf each mang Phap, cac tac pham tric*^ hoc va tham

gia xuat ban tap chi Bien nien Phap - Dure Trong nhOtng bai viet ciia m i n h ,

Mac di den nhan d i n h : Giai cap v6 san dUcfc gic^o ngo ly luan each mang la

giai cap se dam duc(ng sU menh lich s\X giai phong loai ngUdi khoi ap bUc b6e Ipt

- P h r i - d r i c h Ang-ghen sinh ng^y 28 - 11 - 1820, trong ivipt gia d i n h chu

xudng d t h a n h pho Bae-men (DUc)

58

Do yeu cau cua ngUW cha, Ang-ghen phai sang l a m t h u k i cho m6t hang

buon or A n h Tuy vay, viec do khong the n g S n can ong nghien cUu khoa hoc

va hoat d0ng chinh t r i

- T r o n g t h d i gian song d A n h (tiT n a m 1842), Ang-ghen luon gan gui cong nhan, tUng chUng k i e n t l n h canh khd'n ciing va cuoc song lao dong va't v a cua

hp. Trong cuon Tinh canh cua giai cdp cong nhan Anh, bkng ng6i but sAc sao

va dan chUng cu thg', Ang-ghen neu ro sU bde lot tan bao ciia giai cap t u sdn doi vdi c6ng n h a n v a di den ket luan : Giai cap v6 san khong chi la n a n nhan cua chu nghia t u ban, m a con la lue luong c6 the danh do s u thong t r i cua giai cap t u sdn v a tU giai phdng moi xieng xich

c a u 6 : Neu nhiifng npi diuig cof b a n c u a T u y e n ngon c u a D a n g cpng s a n

ciia chii nghia cong sdn

- Kh&ng d i n h su" menh lich sijf cua giai cap v6 san la l a n h dao cuqc dau

t r a n h chong sU thong t r i v a ach ap bufc 16c Ipt ciia giai cap tu san, x a y dung

che dp cpng san chii nghia

- Phai t h a n h lap chinh Dang cua m i n h , t h i e t lap nen chuyen chinh v6 san

va doan ket cac luc lupng cong nhan t r e n the gidi

- Dung bao luc de l a t do t r a t tU x a hoi hien c6 va keu goi quan chung dilng

len lam each mang

- Tuyen ngon ket thuc b ^ g loi keu goi: "V6 san tat ca ckc nUdc, doan k§'t lai!"

C S u 7 : Qu6'c te thijf n h a t dong gop nhifoig gi cho phong trao cong n h a n nhi&ig n a m 60 - 70 c u a the k i X I X ?

*' Huang ddn trd lai :

- Quoc te eo nhieu dong gop cu the giup dd phong trao cong n h a n , dac biet

1^ keu goi iing hp cuoc dau t r a n h ciia nhilfng ngUdi lao dong Pa-ri ri871)

- Nam 1867, cong nhan due dong 6 Pa-ri bai cong Quoc te' da t6 chUc quyen

g6p giiip dd dua cupe dau tranh d6'n th&ig Igi Trong nhOng nam 1868 - 1869,

<^ong nhan mo d B i lien tue bai cong Quoc te da keu goi cong nhan cac nUdc giup

nhCfti^ bai cong va gia dinh ho vUcrt qua kho khan Nam 1871, cong nhan va iihan dan ';->o dpng Pa-ri diing len lam cdch mang, thanh lap Cong xa - chinh quyin v6 san tien tren the'gidi Quoc te da tich eUe hucfng iftig cuoc da'u tranh

cua nhOng ngUdi lao dong Pa-ri va keu goi edng nhan cac nUdc iing ho Cong xa

^ N h u vay, b^ng nhcmg dong gop t h i e t thUc ciia m i n h , Quoc te thijfnha't la

to chUc quoc te dau t i e n gop ph^n truyen ba rpng r a i chii nghia Mdc trong Phong trao cong n h a n qude te va doan kg't, thong nhat lUc lucrng v6 san quoc

t^' dudi ngon cd cua ehu nghia Mac trong cuoc da'u t r a n h giai phdng loai ngUdi

^ d i ap bUc, bde lot

59

Trang 30

I I C A U H O I V A B A I T A P B 6 S U N G

C a u 1 : "Dong m i n h nhuTng ngrfdi cpng san" r a dofi trong h o a n c a n h

nao ? M u c d i c h c u a to chiic n a y l a gi ?

- Trong nhiJng n&m song d A n h , Mdc \k Ang-ghen da li§n he vdi to chiic

Dong m i n h nhiJng ngir6i chinh nghia (thanh lap n&m 1836 or Pa-ri)

- T h t o g 6-1847, t a i dai hSi cua*D6ng minh nhOng ngirW chinh nghia hop a

Luan Don, theo de nghi cua Ang-ghen, t6 chufc nky dufcfc d6i ten t h ^ h Dong

minh nhOfng ngUcfi cong ska Muc dich cua Dong minh difoc k h & i g dinh 1^ : " lat

do giai cap tuf san, thiet lap s\i thong t r i cCia v6 san, thu tieu xa hpi t u san cu"

C a u 2 : T r i n h b a y n h C n g n e t c h i n h ve boat dpng ciia Quoc t&' tbii

nhat Nhffng dong gop cika Quoc te thuf n h a t c h o p h o n g trao cong

n h a n n b S n g n a m 60 - 70 c u a the k i X I X ?

* Huong ddn trd Idi :

- Hoat ddng : •

+ Quoc te thuf nhat chong cdc irko lifu xa la doi vdi lap trifdng ciia giai

cap cong nhan

+ T r u y i n bd rong r a i chu nghia Mdc

+ Chu trircfng l a m viec tam gid

+ H a n che lao dong cua phu nOr va tre em.- t

+ Thdi gian ton t a i cua Quoc te thuf nhat : t\i thdng 9 - 1864 den thdng

7 - 1876 Quoc te thuf nhat tien hanh 5 dai hoi

- Bong gop cua Quoc te thiZ nhat cho phong trao cong nhdn :

+ U n g ho cupc bai cong cua cong nhan

+ Phdn doi chinh sdch khung bo, tdn sat cac cuoc dau tranh cua cong nhan

+ Truyen bd rong rai chu nghia Mac trong phong trko cong nhan quoc te

+ Dodn ket, thong nhat cac lire lugrng v6 san quoc te difdi ngon cb chu

nghia Mac

Quoc te thuf nhat chinh thufc tuye» bo giai t d n ngay 15-7-1876

C a u 3 : L ^ p n i e n b i e u torn tat q u a t r i n h boat dpng ciia C a c M a c va

Ang-ghen

* "Htfrina rl^n trn

1842 Lam cOng tac vi§n r6i Tdng bi§n t$p

BSo s6ng Ranh

Hoat dpng trong phong trao c5ng

nhSn Anh va vi§t t5c pham Jlnh

Cctnh cua giai cap cdng nhSn Anh

1843 Rdi Pa-ri (Phap) den Luan D6n (Anh) Tig'Pj-^tyc hoat dpng trong phong

trao Cong nhan Anh

1844 G5P Ang-ghen, m6 dSu cho tinh ban va

c6nq tac cua hai ong

G$p Cac IVIac fl Pa-ri

1836 Lign h§ vai td chifc D6ng minh nhOng

ngucii chinh nghTa

Lign hg v6i D6ng« minh nhQng

nq^Lfdi chinh i1<5hTa

2 - 1 8 4 8 Cung v6i Ang-ghen vi§'t Tuygn ng6n cija

C ^ u 1 : Tri^dTc t i n h t h e "To quoc l a m nguy", thai dp c u a q u a n chiing

nhan d a n P a - r i v a C h i n h phii i\i s a n nhi^ the n a o ?

*• Hudng ddn trd Idi :

Gu6c chien t r a n h Phdp - Pho nSm 1870, quan Phap b i that bai

- Ngay 4 - 9 - 1870, quan chung cong nhan va dan ngheo Pa-ri diJng len

jihofi nghia, doi thiet lap che dp cong hoa va thanh lap cac don v i Quoc dan

quajj, chuan b i luc lirpng chong Pho xam lirpc

- Giai cap t u san thanh lap chinh phu lam thdi tuy vdi t e n gpi la "Chinh phii Ve quoc" nhu^ig khong chong lai quan DiJc xam lucfc, t i m each pha hoai cuoc khang chien cua nhan dan, ra lenh chain duft phong thii dat nUdc

- Trifdc t h a i dp dau hang cua "Chinh phu Ve quoc", quan chiing nhan dan dufng len khdi nghia, "nhanh chong ciJu nguy cho Pa-ri!"

C a u 2 : N e u d i l n bien C u p c e a c h m a n g 18 - 3 - 1871

- Sang 1 8 - 3 - 1 8 7 1 , Chinh phii do Chi-e dufng dau cho quan danh chiem doi Mong-mdc, noi tap trung dai bac ciia Quoc dan quan Quan chiing h6 trp cho Quoc dan quan bao vay quan Chinh phii A m muu chiem doi Mong-mac ciia Chinh phu b i that bai

- Trifa 18 - 3, cac tieu doan tap trung vao trung t a m thii do, chiem cac co

quan Chinh phu, nhd ga, sd Canh sat vk tok T h i chinh

- Chieu 18 - 3, cd do phat phdi bay t r ^ n noc ham toa T h i chinh Tan quan cua Chinh phii phai riit ve Vec-xai de ciing co luc lirpng

- Ngay 2 6 - 3 , to chufc bau cijf Hoi dong Cong xa Ngay 2 8 - 3 , Hoi dong Cong xa 1dm I I ra mdt, ddnh dau cupc each mang thdng Ipri

C a u 3 : T r i n h b a y nhffng c h i n h s a c h ciia C o n g x a P a - r i

- Ngdy 26 - 3 - 1871, Cong xa dupre t h d n h lap, co quan cao nha't Id Hpi

<i^ng Cong xa difpc bau theo nguyen tdc pho thong dau phieu

- Nhitag viec 1dm cua Cong xa : + Quan dpi vd bp mdy canh sdt cu b i giai tdn, thay vdo d6 Id cdc life lucfng vu trang nhan dan, nhd thcJ tach khoi tri/cfng hoc, nhd tru'cfng khong

<Jifac day K i n h Thdnh

+ T h i hdnh nhieu chinh sdch ti§n bp khdc : thiTc hien quyen 1dm chu ciia c6ng nhan dO'i vdi nhCng x i nghi^p chii bo trO'n, nhufng x i nghiep c6n chii t h i

k i l m sodt che dp tien lirang, bdt lao dpng ban dem, cam ciip phat vd ddnh

<^§p cong nhan Giai quyet nan tha't nghiep, ra lenh hoan t r d t i ^ n thu§ nhd, hoan t r d ncf Thufc hi§n che dp gido due bdt bupc, khong ma't tien

- Cong xa Pa-ri l a mot nhd nirdc k i l u mdi, do dan vd v i dan

Trang 31

C a u 4 : Di^a v a o b a i hoc, v i e t b a i tvCdng thu|it v e C U Q C c h i e n d a u c i i a

c a c c h i e n s i C o n g x a d n g h i a d i a C h a La-se-dtf

- TCr thdng 4, qufin V6c-xai b^t dau t a n cong Pa-ri, cdc t r a n chien da'u diSn

ra Ac liet, k6o dai suot tU ngay 21 dg'n 28 - 5 - 1871, goi Ik "Tuan I I dam mdu"

- Cdc chien si cong xa da chien dau anh dung bao v§ titog k h u pho, titog

can nha, titog tac da't Tieu bieu nha't la cupc chien dau cua gan 200 chien si

CO thu t r o n g nghia dia Cha La-se-do

- B i bao vay tit bon gicJ sang, cac chien si Cong xa dung moi thuf vu k h i ,

cho'ng t r a quSn t h u , cho den k h i v k i chuc ngudi cuoi cung b i b^t, b i dSn t6i

sat bufc tudng nghia dia va b i ban chet t a i day TCr do biJc tudng nghia dia

Cha La-se-do diroc goi l a " BiJc tUcfng chien si Cong xa"

C a u 5 : P h a n t i c h n g u y e n n h a n t h a t b a i c u a C o n g x a P a - r i

* Huang ddn trd lai : *

- Giai cap cong nhan Phap chua du lire lufcfng de danh b a i hokn tokn giai

cap t u san Luc nay, giai cap tU san c6n manh lai duoc Diifc vien t r o cho 1.000

quan, k h i ma Phap cha'p nhan c^t hai t i n h An-dat va Lo-ren cho Dufc

- Giai cap v6 san chiTa c6 mot chinh ddng lanh dao, chUa c6 sir lien m i n h

c6ng nong Mac d^u day l a cuoc " t a n cong chpc t r d i " , nhung cuoc tan c6ng ay

chi dcfn thuan cua giai ca'p v6 san

- Giai cap ttr sdn va cac thd' lire phan dpng l a i cau k§'t v(Ji nhau de ti§u di$t

each mang

- Cong xa pham sai l a m nhuf b6 19 thdi ca, thieu ki§n quyet t r a n ap ke thu

va chira thuc hien diTOc lien m i n h cong nong

UB Lu-cng thii-c

UB Qiao dgc

UB Djch

Quan dpi va bo mdy canh sat cCi b i giai t d n , thay vac do l a lye lugng vu

^j.3jig nhan dfin Cong xa tach nha th6 r a khoi nhOrng boat dong cua trucfng hoc va Nha nude, nha trudng khong day K i n h T h a n h

• Cong xa con t h i h a n h n h i l u chinh sach tien bo khae : cong nhan dirge

lam chu nhOmg x i nghiep ma bon ehii bo tro'n ; doi v6i nhOng x i nghiep C O G

cha or l a i , Cong xa k i e m soat che dp t i l h luong, giam bot lao dpng ban deni,

cam cup pbat cong nhan Cong xa de r a chu truong giao due hAt buoc v;

j j i o n g ina't t i e n cho toan dan, cai t h i e n dieu kien l a m viec cho nOr cong n h a i i

NhiT vay, co cau to chiTc va boat dong thirc te chiVng to Cong xa Pa-ri li-^ mOt Nha nufcJc khae b i n cac kieu Nha nude cua nhCtag giai cap bde Ipt truv <•

d6 Day la mot N h a nude kig'u mdi - Nha nirde v6 san, do dan va v i dan

- Bai hoc kinh nghiem :

+ Bai hoc ve sir thiir nghiem dau tien ve mot Nha nufdc kieu mdi

+ Bai hoc v l sir can t h i e t phai ed sir l a n h dao cua Dang v6 san

+ Bai hoc ve thue h i e n lien m i n h cong nong

+ Bai hpc ve dap t a n bo may nha nufdc cu, t h i g t lap nha nUdc mdi ciia dan

II cAu H 6 I V A B A I T A P B O S U N G cau 1 : CuQc each m a n g 18-3-1871 of P a - r i bung no trong h o a n c a n h nao ?

- Ngay 19 - 7 - 1870, chien t r a n h Phap - Pho bung no Ngay 2 - 9 - 1870, toan bo d6i quan Phap va Na-p6-le-6ng I I I phai dau hang Ngay 4 - 9 - 1870,

«han dan Pa-ri k h d i nghia lat do De che I I , doi t h i e t lap che dp c6ng h6a va

J° chu-c khang chien chong quan Pho Chinh phu l a m t h d i tU san dugc thanh mang t e n C h i n h phu Ve quoc K h i quan Pho tien ve Pa-ri va bao vay

^iih pho, " C h i n h p h u Ve quoc" da t r d t h a n h "Chinh phii phan quoc" k h i

'^y^t d i n h dau hang va x i n d i n h chien, md cufa cho quan Pho tien vao nudc

^P- Nhitog n h a n dan Pa-ri da to chure t h a n h cac dcfn v i Qu6c dan quan, tU

^ trang va xay dung phdng tuyen bao ve thu d6

j^^" Ba giof sang ngay 18 - 3 - 1871, Chinh phu cho quan danh chiem d6i

^g-mac, ncfi t a p t r u n g dai bae cua Quoc dan quan Quan chung nhan dan

'^IP thdi keo den ho t r g Quoc dan quan, bao vay quan C h i n h phu

63

Định dạng
Số trang	62
Dung lượng	11,73 MB