Ebook hướng dẫn trả lời câu hỏi và bài tập lịch sử 11 nâng cao phần 2

- TCr nam 1937, gidi cam quyen Nhat da cham duTt cuoc da'u tranh noi bo, tap trung vao qua trinh quan phiet hoa bo may nha nxidc.. - Cdc phong trao dau tranh nijfa sau the k i XIX d Tru

Nhdn xet :

- So v(Ji nam 1913 t h i san luang cdc sdn phSm d Nga gidm siit nghiem

trpng, d i l u do chijfng to r&ng k i n h te nKdc Nga X6 viet dang gap r a t nhieu

kho khan

- NhOrng kh6 k h a n , thur thach do dat ra cho rnldc Nga X6 vi§'t cAn phai c6

chinh sach ve k i n h te cho phu hop de d\ia dat nUdc thoat k h o i k h i i n g hoang

C a u 3 : V i sao v i ^ c thiic h i ^ n C h i n h s a c h k i n h te m6i l a i b^t d a u tit

n o n g n g h i e p ?

* Huong d&n trd lai :

C h i n h sdch k i n h tS" mcJi d Nga b i t dau tuf nong nghiep, ma quan trong

n h a t la thay the che dp triftig t h u liTcfng thifc thiTa bkng ch§' do thue ItfOng

thifc Sd di n h a vay v i :

- Do'i vdi niTdc Nga liic nay de thoat ra khoi khung hoang, nong nghiep la

khau can ban, tiT do c6 the keo theo toan bo day chuygn ciia cugc phat trien

luc lirong san xua't

- Viec nong dan diTcfc tif do ban liTOng thUc ra t h i triTdng sau k h i nop du

thue se l a m cho ho phan k h d i san xua't, nang cao nang sua't lao dpng, san

xuS't nong nghiep phuc hoi nhanh chong

- T r e n ca sor dugc cung cap lucfng thirc va nguyen lieu tU nong nghiep, san

xua't cong nghiep difcrc phuc hoi va phat trien

C a u 4 : Dijfa vao so l i ^ u n S m 1921 v a n a m 1923 trong b a n g k e dtfofi d&y,

h a y n e u t a c d ^ n g c u a C h i n h s a c h k i n h te m d i doi v d i n e n k i n h te'

* Huang ddn trd lai :

* Tdc dung: • ([

• Phuc hoi, phat t r i e n k i n h te, cai thien dofi song n h a n dan 3'

- NiMc Nga da day manh diigc san xuat va luu thong hang hod

- Tao ccf sd k i n h te, chinh t r i cho Lien X6 bifdc vao coftg cupc xay dutog chu

nghia xa hoi *a|

C a u 5 : L i e n b a n g X 6 v i e t dtidc t h a n h l^ip n h i ^ the n a o ?

* Huang ddn trd lai :

- Durdi s U chi dao trirc tiep cua V L L e - n i n , D a i hpi Ian thiJ nha't cac X6

viet toan L i e n bang d i i n ra cuoi thang 12 - 1922 da tuyen b6' t h a n h lap L i e n

bang Cong hoa xa hpi chu nghia X6 viet (gpi tit la L i e n x6), gom bon nifdc

Cpng hoa X6 viet dau tien la Nga, U-crai-na, Be-16-rut-xi-a va Ngoai Cap-ca-do

- Mac du C O sir chenh ISch v l t r i n h do phat t r i e n k i n h te, v l dien tich va dan so giOfa cac nifdc cong hoa, nhung tir tircmg c h i dao co ban cua Le-nin la s a binh d i n g ve moi mat va quyen t u quyet ciia cac dan tpc, sir giiip dor iSn nhau cung phat t r i e n vi muc tieu chung la xay difng t h a n h cong chu nghia x a hpi

D§'n cuoi n a m 1925,, n h d siT n6 lUc ciia cac nifdc cpng hoa L i e n Xo da jioan t h a n h ve cP ban cong cupc k h o i phuc k i n h te sau chien t r a n h

k i n h te, L e - n i n da de ra C h i n h sach k i n h te mdi N h d chinh sach nay da diTa

rxxidc Nga virpt qua cupc k h u n g hoang k i n h te, chinh t r i

- Trong cong cupc xay ditog va bao ve dat niTdc doi hoi cac dan tpc phai li§n m i n h chat che vdi nhau n h i m tang ci/cfng suTc manh ve m p i mat C h i n h L§-nin la ngifori chi dao true tiep Dai hpi Ian thi? nha't cic x6 viet toan L i e n bang va tuyen bo t h a n h lap L i e n bang Cpng hoa xa hpi chii nghia Xo viet

(gpi t i t la L i e n Xo)

- Sau l i h i thanh lap Lien bang Xo viet, Le-nin c6n chi dao cic niro'c cpng hoa

phai thiTc hien quyen b i n h d i n g , quyen dan tpc tiT quyet va giup dd Ifin nhau

cung phat trien vi muc tieu chung la xay diftig thanh cdng chii nghia xa hpi

- N h 6 nhutng cong lao to Idn cua Le-nin cung vdi sir n8 liTc ciia cac niTdc cpng hoa ma L i e n Xo da hoan t h a n h ve cP ban cong cupc k h o i phuc k i n h te

sau chien t r a n h

C a u 7 : H a y c h o b i e t v i sao de x a y d i J t a g c h u n g h i a x a h p i , n h a n d S n

L i e n Xo p h a i thrfc h i ^ n n h i ^ m v u c o n g n g h i e p h o a ?

* Huang ddn trd lai :

- Sau k h i hoan thanh cong cupc k h o i phuc k i n h te L i e n Xo chiTa thoat

kh6i t i n h t r a n g san xua't lac hau, vdi nen nong nghiep chiem t r e n 2/3 tong

s i n pham quo'c dan

- L i e n Xo p h a i thiTc hien n h i e m vu cong nghiep hoa de bien L i e n Xo tir ni6t mrdc nong nghiep thanh mot nirdc cong nghiep

- Trong nong nghiep, cong cupc tap the h6a nong nghiep da dira 93% so jRdng hp vdi t r e n 90% d i ^ n t i c h canh tac vao nen n o n g nghiep tap the h o a , c6

B n ' mo san xua't Idn va cd sd vat cha't - k i thuat dirpc co gidi hoa

H I ?

- Ve v a n h6a - giao due, Li§n xo da t h a n h todn n a n m u chOr, xAy dimg hi

thong gido due thong nhat, hoan t h a n h pho cap gi&o due tieu hoc trong c?

nude va thue hi§n ph6 cap gido due t r u n g hoe co sd d cdc t h a n h pho

- Cung vdi nhumg bien doi ve k i n h te, co cdu giai cap xa h o i cung thay doi

CAc giai cap b6c l o t b i xoa bo, chi c6n l a i hai' giai cap lao dong l a cong nhan

nong dan tap the va tang Idp t r i thiJc mdi xa hoi chu nghla

- Tir n a m 1937, nhan dan L i g n xo tiep tuc thuc hien ke hoaeh 5 n a m lai

thiJ ba, nhutig cong cupc xay dung chii nghia xa h o i t a m thori b i gian doan bo

cuoc chie'n t r a n h xam lucfc cua phat x i t Dijfc thdng 6 - 1941

C a u 9 : Tiif n a m 1922 d e n n a m 1933, L i e n X o d a d^t diT^c nhuing k e l

q u a gi t r o n g q u a n h§ ngoai giao ?

* Hudng ddn trd lai :

- Sau each mang thdng MiTcfi, C h i n h quyen Xo viet da titog budc xdc laj:

quan h§ ngoai giao vdi m o t s6' nUdc Idng gieng d chau A v^ chau Au

- Tuy nhiSn, t6n t a i tron'g vong vay thu dich cua chu ngbTp t>' ^-^^ +hp pirti

Lien Xo da k i e n t r i va ben b i daii t r a n h trong quan he q:

v5 chinh sach bao vay, co lap ve k i n h te vk ngoai giao cua ckc nUdc de quoc

C a u 10 : L a p b a n g so s a n h " C h i n h s a c h c p n g s a n thdi c h i S n " v a

" C h i n h s a c h k i n h te m d i " theo m S u dufdti day:

Ti§u chi so s^nh Chi'nh sach c6ng sdn \W\n Chinh sach kinh te mtfl

Hoan dnh

IMOi dung

Tac dgng

*Hudng ddn trd Idi:

Ti6u chi so sanh Chinh sach c6ng sin thofl chl6'n Chinh sach kinh te' m6i

Hoan canh 1918 -1920, tienhanh chi§'n tranh

each mgng thu trong giac ngoai

1921 - 1925, I<h6 l<han khi da't ni/6c baflc vao thcii ki hoa binh, xSy di/ng xa hOi chij nghTa

NOi dung - Tri/ng thu li/ong thuc thifa

- Qu6'c hDu hoa loan bO xf nghiep

- I\lh^ nude ndm dOc quy^n ve quan 11, phSn phS'i lifong thgc, thgc pham

- Thi hanh che dp lao dfing bk

bu6c

- Bai bo che dp trirng thu lirong thgc, thay b^ng thug' ii/ong thgc

- Tg do bu6n ban, mb lai cac chq

- Cho phep tu nhSn m6 cac xi nghiep nhjO

- K^yg'n •• khich tu b^n nude

ngoai'dau tu kinh doanh 6 Nga

Tac dgng - Tap trung loan bo site ngudi,

si/c cua de chong thu trong giac ngoai

- Bao ve thanh qua cua Cach m^ing th^ng IVlucJi

- Phyc hoi, phat trien kinh te, cai thign dc!i song nhan dan

+ N a m 1921, nirdc N g a Xo viet budc vao t h d i k i hoa b i n h xay difng dat

nUdc trong hoan canh cure k i kh6 k h a n : N e n k i n h te quoc dan b i t a n pha nghiem trong T i n h h i n h chinh t r i khong on d i n h , cac luc lUcJng phan cdch

m a n g dien cuong chong pha, gay bao loan d nhieu noi

+ Nifdc N g a tax vao t i n h t r a n g khiing hoang v l k i n h te' - chinh t r i , de

oa sif ton t a i ciia C h i n h quyen Xo viet

+ N h ^ m khdc phuc khung hoang, nhanh chong han g6n vet thtfOng chien

t r a n h va phat t r i e n k i n h te D a i h o i Ian t h d X Dang B6n-se-vich vao t h d n g

3 - 1921 quyet d i n h chuyen Chinh sach Cong sdn thai, chien sang Chinh sach kinh te mdi

- Noi dung Chinh sach kinh te mdi :

+ Thay che do t r i m g t h u Itfcfng thiTc thifa bling thue lifcmg thuc

+ Cho phep t u nhan xay dung nhCifng x i nghiep nho, khuyen k h i c h tif ban

niTdc ngo^i dau tii k i n h doanh d Nga

+ N h ^ nufdc nim ckc mach mau k i n h te

+ Tir n h a n dUOc tir do bu6n b^n, trao doi

- Y nghia:

+ Dua ni/dc N g a thoat k h 6 i khung hoang v l k i n h te - chinh t r i

+ The hien sif chuyen doi k i p t h d i , d l y sang tao tiT n e n k i n h te m a N h a

nude nAm doc quyen v4 m o i m a t sang nen k i n h te nhieu t h d n h phan va tU do

buon ban

+ C h i n h sach k i n h te mdi eon mang y nghia quoc te sku sic doi vdi cong

cuoc xay dung chu nghia xa h o i d mot so nUdc t r e n the gidi

C a u 2 : Sijf t h a n h Igp L i e n b a n g C p n g h o a x a h p i c h u n g h i a X o v i e t

d i l n r a n h i f the n a o ?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- Dudi su c h i dao trUc ti§'p ciaa V I L 6 - n i n , D a i h o i Ian thuf nhS't cac Xo

viet to^n L i e n bang d i l n r a cuoi thang 12 - 1922 da tuyen bo t h ^ n h lap Lien

bang Cong h6a xa hoi chu nghia Xo viet (goi iit l a L i e n xo), gom bon nUde

cong hoa Xo viet dau tien la Nga, U-crai-na, Be-lo-riit-xi-a va Ngoai Cdp-ca-do

- Ngay 21-1-1924, V I.Le-nin, lanh t u v i dai cua giai cap v6 s ^ , ngUdi ducng

dau Dang vk Nha nUdc Xo viet, qua ddi Do \k mot ton that to Idn doi vdi nhan

dan Lien xo, giai cap cong nhan quoc te va cac dan tpc b i dp bUe tren toan the gidi Sau k h i Le-nin m^t, Xta-lin len thay, tiep tuc lanh dao cong cupc xay dung

va bao v^ dat nUdc Lien xo trong nhOtng ndm 1924 - 1953

Cau 3 : E m CO nhgn xet gi ve "Chinh sach kinh te mdri"? Theo hieu

biet cua em Dang C^ng san Vi?t Nam c6 v|ln dung chinh sach nay

trong thdi ki doi m«Ji khong ?

* Hudng ddn trd lai :

- Co the xem "Chinh sach kinh te m6i" la mot budrc liii nhimg la mot biTdc

lui ckn thiet de Lien Xo vuot qua nhufng kho khan thuf thach, tao da vOrng

birdc v^o th&i ki xay dimg chu nghia xa hoi, the hien su lanh dao sang suot

cua Dang B6n-se-vich dufng dau la Le-nin

- Dang ta da van dung kinh nghiem nay vao dieu kien cu the cua Viet Nam

trong thdi k i doi mdi 1^ phat trien nen kinh te san xuat h^ng hoa nhieu

thanh phan c6 sir dinh hudng cua nh^ nUdrc •

Cau 4 : Chinh sach kinh te mdri da dem lai nhfing ket qua to Idrn gi

oho dat nxidc ?

* Hudng ddn trd lai :

- Cdc ng^nh kinh te difcfc'phuc hoi nhanh ch6ng

- Dcfi song nhan dan duoc cai thien

- Da tao dieu kien de dSn den sU thanh lap Lien bang Cong hoa xa hoi chu

1 3-1921 Oang Bon-se-vich thi/c hi§n chinh sach kinh tg' mfli

2 12-1922 Lien bang Cong hoa xa hpi chu nghTa X6 vig't thanh lap

3 1940 Nang t6ng so 15 nt/flc gia nhSp Lien x4

4 1926 -1929 Ti§'n hanh cong nghiep h6a

5 1928 - 1932 Ke hoach 5 n§m l^n thil nhat

6 1933 - 1937 Ke hoach 5 nam Ian thCf hai

7 1936 San li/cfng cong nghiep difng dau chau Au

8 6-1941 DiJc tan cong Lien X6

Cau 1 : Trinh bay cac giai doan phat trien chinh cua chu nghia ivt

ban gii?a hai C U Q C chien tranh the giofi (1918 - 1939)

* Huang ddn trd lai:

- Chien tranh the gidi thuT nhat ket thiic, cac nUdc tU ban to chijfc Hoi nghi Vec-xai (1919-1920) va Hoi nghi Oa-sinh-tdn de phan chia quyen loi Trat tu

Vec-Oa hinh thanh

- Mifdi nam sau chien tranh, cdc ni/dc iii ban phat tri^n qua 2 giai doan :

+ Giai doan 1918 - 1923: Cac nifdc tuf ban (trir Mi) lam vao trinh trang khung hoang kinh te, chinh t r i , bieu hien d sif suy sup ve kinh te va cao trao each mang biing len manh me

+ Giai doan 1924 - 1929: Cac nude tiT ban budc v^o thdi ki on dinh ve

chinh t r i va dat mile tang trifdng ve kinh te Nhiftig s\i phat trien khong

dong deu giufa cac m/dc

Cau 2 : Neu nhi^ng net noi b^t ciia cao trao each mang 1918 - 1923 d cac ni^dtc tvC ban chau Au

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- NhiJng nam 1918 - 1923, mot phong trao each mang da bung nS d cac

nude tif ban

- Nguyen nhdn :

+ Do hau qua cua Chien tranh the gidi thuf nh§^t, chau Au la chien trUdng chinh, toan bo ganh nang cua chien tranh de len vai nhOCng ngUdi lao dong

+ Do anh hudng cua Cach mang thang Mudi Nga

- Bqc diem noi bat cua phong trao :

+ Mang tinh quan chung rpng Idn

-I- Khong diftig lai d y§u sach kinh te

-I- The hi$n tinh tieh cUe ve chinh tri, t h ^ lap cac nUde Cong hok X6 viet

- NhCng nam 1924 - 1929, phong trao cong nhan tam thdi l^ng xuong Tuy the cac cuoc dau tranh ddi cai thien dieu kien lam viec, che do tien

luong, ddi tu do dan chii vkn tiep diln

C a u 3 : Q u a c a c n ^ i d u n g hoat d$ng c u a D a i hpi I I v a D a i hpi V I I ,

hay nh^in xet v a i tro c i i a Quoc tg' C p n g s a n doi vdi p h o n g trao e a c h

m a n g the gidri

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- Dai hoi I I (1920) giiir mot v i t r i noi bat trong lich suf hoat dong ciia Quoc

te Cpng sdn v<Si viec thong qua L u ^ n cUOng ve vai tro cua Ddng Cong san,

Luan cuong ve van de dan toe va thuoc dia, do Le-nin khdi thao

+ Qua Luan cUcfng ve vai trb lanh dao ciia Dang Cong sdn da chi ra cho

cdch mang the' gidi, nhat 1^ cdch mang v6 san muoh dau tranh gianh duoc

thdng loi phai c6 chinh dang cua giai cap v6 san No t r d thanh nhdn to quyet

dinh mpi thdng loi ciia c&ch mang v6 san

+ Qua Luan cuong ve van de dan toe va thuoc dia cua L§-nin da chi ra

cho giai cS'p v6 san va eae dan toe thuoc dia muo'n dau tranh gianh th^ng loi

phdi lien minh, lien ket vdi nhau, thire hien khau hieu eua Le-nin : "Vo san

tat ca ede nifdc va cac dan tde b i dp hdc doan ket lai"

- Dai hoi Ian V I I (1935), Quoc te Cong san da chi ro nguy eo cua ehu nghia

phdt xit va keu goi cac Dang Cong san tich cUe dau tranh thanh lap cAc mat

tran thong nha't cong nhan va cde life li/ong tien bo n h ^ m muc tieu chong

phdt x i t , chong chien tranh

+ Nh6 c6 chu truong cua Quoc te Cong san tai Dai hoi V I I m ^ cdc nude

da Ian lirot thanh lap mat tran nhan dan chong phat xit, chong ehien tranh,

bdo ve hok binh

+ M&t tran nhan dan cdc nirde ra ddi da tap hop dufoc mot lure lifOng cdch

mang dong dao l a m nhiem vu chong phdt xit, bao ve doc lap dan toe

C S u 4 : Nguy cof CUQC mpt CUQC c h i e n t r a n h the gidri mdi x u a t h i ? n

nhuf the nao ?

* Huang ddn trd Idi •

- Thdng 10 - 1929, khung hoang nS ra d M i , sau do Ian ra to^n bo the gidi

tu bdn, eham diJt thdi k i on dinh va tSng triTdng eua chii nghia tuT ban Day 1^

euoc khung hoang thiia, khung hoang t r ^ m trong nhat, keo d ^ i nhat trong

lich suf cdc nifdc tif h&n ehu nghia

- Cuoe khflng hoang da tan phd kinh te, gay ra hau qud nghiem trong ve

chinh t r i xa h6i

+ Hang ehue van c6ng nhan tha't nghiep, n o n ^ / i a n jnat ruong Mt, song

trong canh hghfeo doi, tung qufin

+ Nhieu cuoe dau tranh eua nhuCng ngiTcfi that nghiep diln ra d kh^p cac niidc

+ Be doa sir ton tai ciia ehu nghia tU ban

- De gidi quyet khung hoang :

+ Doi vdi A n h , Phap, M i : tien hanh eai cdch kinh te - xa hoi, doi mdfi

qud trinh quan l i , to ehiJc san xuat

+ D6'i vdi Du-c, I-ta-li-a, N h a t Bdn t i m kig'm 16'i thodt b^ng h i n h thilc

long t r i mdi D6 Ik thiet lip cAc che do doc t ^ i ph6t xit - nen chuy§n chinh

lung b6' cong k h a i cua nhOng the lUc phdn dpng nhat, hieu chi§'n nha't K h i

lu nghia phdt x i t h i n h thanh nguy co chien t r a n h the gidi mdi bung no

ijau 5 : Mat tr|ln n h a n dan P h a p da gianh djt^Tc th^ng l^ti nhut the nao ?

\ ddn trd Idi :

- Thing loi eua M a t t r a n nhan dan Phdp trong nhOfng nam 1936 - 1939 la

lif kien noi bat trong euoc dau t r a n h chong chii nghia phat xit

- Trong euoc tong tuyen cuT thdng 5 - 1936, M a t t r a n N h a n dan Phap kanh diioe t h d n g l o i , len n ^ m chinh quyen d Phdp va thanh Idp chinh

|hu do Le-6ng Bo-lum duTng dau

- Phong trao M a t t r ^ n N h a n dan da bdo v$ diioc nen dan chu, difa nude

idp viigt qua hiem hoa ehu nghia phat xit

- Dai hoi V I I Quoc t e C o n g san (1935) d l cao viec thanh lap Mat tran ifhan d:an Pnap, coi do la k i n h nghiem can phS bien rong r a i cho cdc nifdc

ang CUQC dau tranh chong phat xit va nguy cO chien tranh

i^au 6 : N e u nhi]^ng h a u q u a ve c h i n h tri, x a hpi c u a cupc k h u n g hoang k i n h te (1929 - 1933) doi vdri cac nifdrc tuf b a n

* Hudng ddn trd tad :

- Tan pha k i n h te, gay ra hau qua nghiem trong ve chinh t r i xa hoi

- Hang chue v a n cong nhan that nghiep, nong dan ma't rupng da't, song

trong canh nghfeo doL tiing quSn

- Nhieu cuoe dau t r ^ n h ciia nhutng ngudi that nghiep diSn ra d kh^p cdc nUde

- De doa sU ton tai/ eua ehu nghia t u bdn

C a u 7 : P h o n g trab Mfit t r ^ n N h a n d&n c h o n g p h a t xit vk nguy cd

c h i e n t r a n h dilr^ r a nhif the nao ?

* Hudng ddn trdtdi :

- Thang 7 - 1935, Qu6c te Cpng skn ti§n hanh Dai hpi Ian thuf V I I chi dao

cho cdc Dang Cong san thanh lap Mat t r a n nhan dan chong phat xit

- ThUc hi$n ehu trUOng ciia Quoc te Cpng san Mat t r a n Nhan dan chong phat xit duoc thanh lap d Phap, I-ta-li-a, Tiep Kh^e, H i Lap, Tay Ban Nha + M a t trfin Nhan dan Tay Ban Nha thanh lap vao thdng 2 - 1936 + M a t t r a n Nhan dan Phdp thanh lap 5 - 1936

II cAu H 6 I VA BAI TAP BO SUNG

C a u 1 : T r i n h b a y n g u y e n n h a n v a d i e d i e m ciia p h o n g trao each

m a n g (1918 - 1929) it c a c ntfdrctit b a n

* Hudng ddn trd led :

- Nguyen nhdn :

+ Do hau qud eua Chien tranh the gidi thuf nhat, ehau Au la ehien trUdng

chinh, toan bp gdnh ndng eua chien tranh dfe len vai nhuCng ngUdi lao dpng

133

+ Do dnh hudng cua cdch mang thdng Mufdi Nga

- Dac d i i m noi bat cua phong tr^o :

+ M a n g t i n h quan chiing rong IcJn

+ K h o n g dijfng l a i d yeu sdch k i n h te

+ The hien t i n h tich circ ve chinh t r i , t h k n h lap cdc nirdrc Cong hok Xo viet

C a u 2 : H o a n c a n h r a dori v a qua t r i n h hoat dpng c u a Quoc te C p n g s a n

* Hucng ddn trd Idi :

- Hodn cdnh :

+ Trong nhang n a m 1918 - 1923, cic D^ng C6ng san Ian liTort difoc

t h a n h lap d cdc nUdc

+ Su phdt t r i e n nhanh chong cua phong tr^o each mang the gidi

+ Trudc t i n h d6, d5i h6i phai c6 mot to chuTc quoc te de tap hop life luong

vk chi dao phong trao theo mpt dudng loi diing d^n

+ Ddp ling y§u cau dd, thdng 3 nSm 1919, Dai hpi t h k n h lap Qu6c te

Cong sdn duoc t i e n h a n h t a i Mdt-xco-va

- Hoat ddng : •

+ Quoc te Cong s^n ton t a i vk hoat dong tii nkm 1919 den nkm 1943

+ Quoc tg" Cong san t i e n hanh hky dai hoi, de r a dudng loi cdch mang

phu hop vdi t i m g t h M k i phdt t r i e n cua cdch mang the gidi Tieu bieu Ik hai

dai hoi:

* D a i hoi Ian I I (1920), thdng qua Lusln cUOng v l vai tr6 ciia Ddng

Cong san, Luan cuong ve van de dan toe vk thupc dia do Le-nin k h d i thao

* D a i h6i Ian V I I (1935), chi ro nguy ccf cua chu nghia phdt x i t va keu

goi cAc dang eong san t h k n h IsLp mat t r a n thong n h a t nhkm dau t r a n h chong

phat x i t , chong chien t r a n h

- Nam 1943, Quoc te COng san tuyen bo giai t d n

Cfiu 3 : N g u y e n n h a n , d i l n b i e n c u a C U Q C k h i i n g h o a n g k i n h t&'

1929 - 1 9 3 3

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- Nguy in nhdn :

+ Do san xuat ko at, chay dua theo l a i nhuan, h k n g hok e thijfa, i l dong

+ N h u cau va sure mua cua n g i f d i d i n khong gia tang tUcfng iJng

+ Cung vifcft' qua xa cAu, sU m a t cfin b^ng ve k i n h te t r o n g noi bp ttrng

nude va sif phdt t r i e n khong d6ng deu giQa ckc nUdcity b a n chu nghia

- Diin bien :

+ Thang 10 - 1929, khung hodng n6 r a d M l , sau d6 Ian r a toan bp the

gidi t\i bdn

+ Day la C U Q C k h u n g hodng thifa, k h u n g hodng t r d m t r o n g nhat, k^o dai

nhat t r o n g l i c h sijf cdc nude tiT b a n chu nghia

C&u 4 : C a c nx^drc tuf b a n c h u n g h i a gi4i quyS't k h u n g h o a n g k i n h te

1929 - 1933 nhnf the nao ?

* HiCdng ddn trd lai :

+ D6'i vdi A n h , Phdp, M i : tien hanh cdi cdch k i n h te - xa hoi, d6i m d i qua

t r i n h quan l i , to chufe sari xuat

+ Doi vdi Ddc, I-ta-li-a, N h a t Ban t i m k i e m loi thoat bkng h i n h thiJc thS'ng t r i mdi Do la t h i e t lap cac che do doc t a i phdt x i t - nen ehuy§n chinh khung bo' cong k h a i cua nhiJng the luc phan dong nhat, hieu chi§'n nhd't

C a u 5 : T a i sao Q u o c te C ^ n g s a n q u y e t d i n h t h a n h l a p M S t train pOian d a n c h o n g P h a t x i t of m 6 i ntfdtc? SIJT r a ddi c i i a M S t t r $ n N h a n dSn P h a p c6 t a c d u n g nhif the nao d e n e a c h m a n g V i ^ t N a m ? •

* Hudng ddn trd lai :

- Hau qud cua cuoe k h u n g hodng k i n h te the gidi 1929 - 1933 vd sif xua't

h i f n chu nghia phdt x i t de doa sU on d i n h , h6a b i n h va an n i n h nhdn loai

- Yeu cau t h d n h lap mot M a t t r a n N h a n dan de dodn ket nhdn ddn ede nifdc chong ke t h u ehung Id chii nghia phdt x i t Id edn thifit

- Sif ra dori cua M a t t r a n N h a n dan Phdp (1936) c6 tac dung t i c h ciJc den cdch mang V i f t N a m v i : M d t t r a n c6 n h i l u c h i n h sdch t i e n bp thifc hi$n d ode thuoc dia, t h d t u c h i n h t r i , tif do hoi hop tao dieu k i e n cho lire liTcrng cdch mang d nirdc ta phuc h6i sau t h d i k i bi thuc dan Phap k h i i n g bo'

- Sau ehi§'n t r a n h the gidi t h d nha't, niTdc Ddc bai t r a n hodn todn suy sup

v l k i n h te, c h i n h t r i va quan sir Mdu thudn xa hoi ngay cang gay gdt ddn t d i bimg no cuoc cdch mang dan ehu tiT sdn t h d n g 11 - 1918

- Thdng 6 - 1919, Chinh phu Dure phai k i H6a iTde Vee-xai vdi nhOng d i l u ki^n het sde ndng ne Viec thire hign nhOttig dieu khodn cua H6a irdc Idm cho dat nude von da kiet que sau bdn ndm chien tranh t r d nen hoan toan roi loan

- D l gidi quyet nhufng kho k h d n t r e n , Ddc n h a n h chong lao vdo con dudng

^phdt x i t hod bo mdy nhd nude de gdy ehi§'n t r a n h the gidi

- Ve ehinh t r i , ehg' do Cong h5a Vai-ma duoe cung co, quyen life eua gidi t u

bdn doc quyen duoe t a n g eudng C h i n h phii t u sdn t h i h a n h ehinh sdch dan

ap phong trao dau t r a n h ciia cong nhan Cae ddng t u s a n cong k h a i tuyen

truyen tU tudng phuc t h u eho nUde DUc

- Ve do'i ngoai, v i t r i quo'e te eua nUdc Dure dan d a n duoe phue h o i v d i viec

nude nay t h a m gia H o i Quoe l i e n , k i ke't m 6 t so hiep Ude v d i cAc nude tU ban

ehau A u va L i e n X6

C a u 3 : W s a o c h u n g h i a p h a t x i t t h S n g t M ' d Dtfc ?

* Hu&ng ddn trd led :

- Sau cu6e k h u n g h o a n g Icinh te 1929 - 1933, n e n k i n h te DUc b i k i e t que

Mau t h u S n va CUOC dau t r a n h eua quan ehung lao dong da d S n t d i cuoc k h u n g

hoang ve c h i n h t r i Giai cap tU san khong du sUc duy t r i che do cong hoa,

k h o n g t h e dua da't nUdc thodt k h o i k h i i n g hoang

- T r o n g bo'i c a n h do D a n g Quo'e x a tang cUdng boat dong, m d r6ng d n h

hudng t r o n g quan ehung Ddng Quoe xa da k i c h dong ehu nghia phue t h u , chu

nghia cho'ng cong va chii trUOng phat x i t hod bo mdy n h a nUdc

- T r o n g k h i gidi d a i tU b a n ngay cang ung hp luc lUcfng phat x i t , Dang

Cpng san Dure da keu goi quan ehung dau t r a n h d l t h a n h lap M a t t r a n thong

nha't cho'ng ehu nghia phat x i t Tuy nhien, Ddng X a h o i d d n ehu da tii cho'i

hop tac v d i nhOfng ngudi cong sdn Dieu do da tao d i l u k i e n eho cdc thg' life

phdt x i t l e n cam quyen d Dure

- Ngdy 30 - 1 - 1933, Tong thong Hin-den-bua chi d i n h Hit-le Idm Thu tUdng

vd t h d n h lap chinh phu mdi, m d r a mot thdi k i den toi trong lich suf nUde Dijfe

C a u 4 : C h i n h r i c h d o i n g o a i c u a Hit-le dtfdc t h e h i ^ n nhtf t h e n a o ?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- C h i n h q u y i n H i t - l e t d n g cUdng cdc hoat dpng c h u i n b i ehien t r a n h :

+ T h d n g 10 - 1933, nude Dure tuyen bo r u t k h o i H ^ i Quoe l i e n de duoc tU

do h d n h dpng

+ N d m 1935, H i t - l e b a n h d n h l $ n h tong dpng vien quan dich, tuydn b6'

t h d n h l a p dOi quan t h u d n g true v d bdt dau t r i e n k h a i cdc hoat dpng qudn sU

d ehau Au a| •'

+ D e n n d m 1938, v d i dpi quan 1,5 t r i e u ngUdi cung 30000 xe t d n g va

khodng 4000 m d y bay, nUdc Diie da t r d t h d n h m o t t r a i l i n h k h o n g 16, dii sde

t i e n h d n h cae ke hoach gay ehien t r a n h x a m lupe

N h u vay, H i t - l e d d rdo r i e t ehuan b i t i e n t d i eupe ehien t r a n h t h e gidi

Dure I d t h u p h a m eham ngoi eho cupe ehien t r a n h t h e gidi dau t i e n t r o n g l i c h

siif n h d n loai

;au 5 : L ^ p b a n g h# t h o n g k i e n thtfc v e c a c g i a i d o a n p h a t t r i e n c^a tifdrc Ditc givta h a i c u p c e h i e n t r a n h t h e giori (1918 - 1929)

Cudi nam 1923, nu6c Dtfc da \JilQ\ qua daoc thcfi

l<i i<hijng hoang kinh t§' va chinh trj sau chig'n tranh Chinh quy^n tu san da day lui phong tr^o each mgng cija quan ehung, ti/ng bi/6c kh^c

phyc tinh trang h6n loan ve tai chinh, tao da

cho nen kinh te khoi phuc va phat trien

Chinh trj,

xa hoi

IViau thuan xa hoi ngay cang gay gSt din t6i

SI; biing n6 cupc cich

m?ng dan chu tir shn

Mng 11-1918

Che dQ Cpng hoa Vai-ma duoc cijng co, quy^n li^c cua gi6i tu ban dOc quy^n duoc tSng cudng Chfnh phu tu san thi hSnh chinh sach dan ap phong trao dau tranh cua c6ng nhan Cac dang

tu san c6ng khai tuy§n truyen tu tudng phyc thii cho nufic OCfc V§ ddi ngoai, vj trf qu6'c te cua na6c DUc dSn d^n duoc phyc hoi v6i viec nu6c nay tham gia HOi Quoe lien, ki k6't mSt so higp Uflc v6i cac nu6c tu ban ehau Au va Lien x6

Cfiu 6 : Hit-le l e n n a m q u y e n d Ddfc trong b o i c a n h nhijf t h e n a o ?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

j - Nude Dure b i k h i i n g hoang k i n h te, giai ca'p tU san cdm quyen khong du

manh d l duy t r i che dp cpng hod tU san, dUa nUde Dufc vupt qua k h u n g hoang Chu nghia phdt x i t c6 co h o i h'oat dpng

- Dang Quoe x a t d n g cUdng hoat dpng, m d rpn g d n h hudng trong quan chiing Ddng Quo'e x a da k i c h dpng ehii nghia phuc t h i i , ehu nghia cho'ng cpng

mk chu truong phdt x i t hod bd mdy n h d nUdc

• 1 - Ddng Cpng sdn Dure da keu goi quan chiing dd'u t r a n h d l t h d n h lap M a t P$n t h o n g nha't ehong chu nghia phat x i t nhung khong t h d n h Dieu do da Ifeao dieu k i e n cho cac the lUe phdt x i t l e n cdm quyen d Dufc

§; - Ngdy 30 - 1 - 1933, Tong thong Hin-den-bua chi d i n h Hit-le 1dm Thu tUdng

p i t h d n h lap chinh phii mdi, md r a mot thdi k i den tdi trong lich suf nUde Dufc Pfiu 7 : T r i n h b a y nhiJng c h i n h s a c h I d n c u a Diitc t r o n g nhfing n a m

1 9 3 3 - 1939

i | Hudng ddn trd Idi :

M-Veddinoi:

M + Thue h i e n quan sU hod n e n k i n h t e d l ehuan b i ehien t r a n h , s U tdng

cirdng kho'ng che todn bp n e n k i n h te ciia ehinh quyen p h d t x i t + Chuan b i co sd v a t eha't eho cupc ehien t r a n h x a m lupe sdp tdi

- Ve ddi ngoai :

T a n g C L f d n g life lirgng quan su, thifc hien chinh sach doi ngoai hi§u chie'ii

ciia c h i n h quyen H i t - l e do'i vdi chau Au the gidi:

+ T h a n g 10 - 1933, niXdc DiJc tuyen bo r u t k h o i H o i Quoc l i d n de dirqc t q

do h & n h dong

+ N a m 1935, H i t - l e ban h a n h l e n h t6ng dong vien quan dich, tuy§n bo

t h ^ n h lap d6i quan thufdng true b^t dau t r i e n k h a i cAc boat dong qufin sy

or chau Au

+ Den n a m 1938, \6i doi quan 1,5 t r i e u ngifcri cung 30000 xe t a n g va

k h o a n g 4000 may bay, midc Dufc da trof thanh mot t r a i l i n h k h o n g 16, du siic

t i e n hanh cdc k§' hoaeh gay chien t r a n h xam laac

- D a n g Cong san DiJc ( t h a n h lap t h a n g 12 - 1918) da t r U c tiep l a n h dao

p h o n g t r a o D i n h cao eua phong t r a o l a cuoc n o i day cua cong n h a n vung

Ba-vi-e t h a n g 4 - 1919, ddn den sq t h a n h lap nirdc Cong hoa X6 viet Ba-vi-e

- Cuoc khdi nghia vQ t r a n g ciia cong n h a n Ham-buoc t h a n g 10 - 1923 la

am hifofng cuoi eimg cua can bao tap each mang v6 san d Diic

C a u 2 : D a n g Q u o c x a l e n c a m q u y e n of Dtfc t r o n g h o a n c a n h nao ?

T i n h h i n h nvldc Dulc t r o n g thdi k i D a n g Q u o c x a c a m q u y e n

* Huang ddn trd Idi :

- Hodn cdnh

+ Cuoc k h u n g hodng k i n h te the gidi eudi n a m 1929 da giang dbn nang

ne vao n i n k i n h te DiJc Nam 1932, san xuat cong nghiep giam 47% so vdi

trudc k h u n g hoang Hang ngan nha may, x i nghiep p h a i ddng cufa So n g U d i

that nghiep len t d i h o n 5 t r i e u ngirdi MSu thuan xa hpi va cupc dau t r a n h

cua quan chiing lao dong da dan t d i cuoc k h u n g hoang c h i n h t r i t r a m trong

+ G i a i cap tq san cam quyen khong du sufc m a n h de duy t r i che do cong

hoa tif san, dua da't nxidc vufqt qua cuoc k h u n g hoang do Trong bdi canh do

D a n g Qu5c xa len cam quyen d Dufc

• Tinh hinh nuac BUc :

+ Dang Quoc xa ngay ckng m d rong anh hudng trong q u i n chiing Cac thu

l i n h ciia dang nay, dilng dau la Hit-le, ra sufc tuyen truyen kich dong chu nghia

phuc t h i i , chu nghia chdng c6ng va phan biet chiing toe Chiing chu truong phat

x i t hoa bO mdy nha niidc, thig't lap che dp do dpc tai khung bd cong khai

+ Trong k h i gidi dai tiT b^n ngay cang ting hp Iqc luong phdt xit, Dang

§ng san DiJc da keu goi quan chung dau t r a n h de t h a n h lap M a t t r a n thong

ba't chdng chu nghia phat x i t Tuy n h i e n Dang Xa hoi dan chu da tir chdi

fp tac vdi nhufng ngifcfi cong san Dieu do da tao dieu k i e n eho cac the luc

lat x i t len cam quyen d DuTc

+ Ngay 30 - 1 - 1933, Tdng thdng Hin-den-bua chi d i n h H i t - l e lam Thu fdng va thanh lap c h i n h phu mdi, md ra mot t h d i k i den t d i t r o n g l i c h suf

lifdc Ddc

I^ftu 3 : N e u nhx&ig net cof b a n ve midc Dutc trong thofi k i p h a t xit Hit-le

|p!33-1939)

Blading ddn trd Idi :

k - Ttf n a m 1933, C h i n h phii Hit-l e rao r i e t t h i e t lap nen chuyen c h i n h doc

tki, cong k h a i k h i i n g b d cac dang phai dan chu t i e n bo, trufdc het la Dang

COng san Dufc T h a n g 2 - 1933, chinh quyen phat x i t vu cao nhOng ngudi c$ng san ddt chdy nha Qudc hoi, dat Dang Cong san ra ngoai phap luat va b^t giam 10 v a n dang v i e n cong san N a m 1934, Hin-den-bua qua ddi, Hit-le tuy§n bd huy bo H i e n phap Vai-ma, t q xutog la Qudc trqdng sudt ddi Nen c§ng hoa Vai-ma hoan toan sup do

\ k i n h te, c h i n h quyen phat x i t t i e n hanh to chufc n I n k i n h te theo

g tap t r u n g , m e n h l e n h , phuc vu l A u cau quan sq Thang 7 1933, H i t

-if^ t h a n h lap Tdng H o i dong k i n h te de dieu hanh hoat ddng ciia cac nganh

^ h te c a c nganh cong ngiep d^n dan duqc phuc hoi va boat dong het sufc tnrong, dac biet l a cong nghiep quan sq Cac nganh giao thong van t a i , dqng dirdng sa difoc tang cifdng de giai quyet nan thfi't nghiep va phuc vu

M cAu quan sq N e n k i n h te Dufc da thoat k h o i k h i i n g hoang N a m 1938,

g san luang cong nghiep tang 28% so vdi trifdc k h i i n g khoang va virqt qua

it sd niidc tu ban chau Au

* ddi ngoai, chinh quyen Hit-le t a n g cifdng cAc hoat dong chuan b i 'n t r a n h T h a n g 10 - 1933, niidc Dufc tuygn b d r i i t k h o i H o i Qudc lien de

t U do h a n h dong Nam 1935, Hit-le ban h a n h lenh tdng dpng vien quan

, tuyen b d t h a n h lap doi quan thifdng trqc va hAt ddu t r i l n k h a i cac hoat

g quan sq d chau Au Deri nam 1938, vdi doi quan 1,5 t r i e u ngirdi cung

|000 xe t a n g va khoang 4000 may bay, niTdc Dufc da t r d t h a n h mot t r a i l i n h Idng 16, dii siic t i e n hanh cac k d hoach gay chien t r a n h x a m luqc

- Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi t h i l nhat, M i t r d t h ^ n h n\idc t\S b a n gikn manh

nhat Cung vdi I g i the do, viec cai t i e n k i thuat, thuc h i ^ n phitcfng phdp san

xuat day chuyen v a m d r6ng quy mo san xuat da dita n e n k i n h te M i bifdc vao

t h d i k i phon v i n h t r o n g thap nien 20 cua the k i XX

- Mac du dat mure tSng tru&ng cao nhiftig sir phat trien k i n h te chay theo lai

nhuan, theo cong nghiep \,\S do thai qua da diTa den siT phat t r i ^ n khong dong bo

giOfa cac nganh cong nghiep, giOfa cong nghi$p vdi nong nghiep, v^ noi chung,

khong CO ke hoach dki h a n cho sir can doi giufa san xuat vk tieu dung

C a u 2: V i s a o p h o n g t r a o c o n g n h a n v S n d i l n r a n g a y t r o n g thcfi k i

p h o n v i n h c u a k i n h te M i ?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi:

- Trong thdi k i phon v i n h cua k i n h te M i , cong n h a n v i n phai doi m a t vdi

nan t h a t nghiep, bat cong trong x a h o i

- D d i song cua ngiTori lao dong n 6 i chung v ^ cong n h a n n6i rieng ng^y c^ng

giam Slit

- Phong t r ^ o dau t r a n h ciia cong nhan d i l n r a soi n o i t r o n g cac nganh

c6ng nghi(?p t h a n , luy§n thep, van t a i dufdng sAt T h a n g 5 - 1921, Dang

C6ng sAn M i difcrc t h ^ n h l$p t r e n ca sd hop nhat Dang Cong san c6ng nhan

M l Dang Cong sAn M i r a dW triTdc d6 (1919), ddnh dau budc pMt trien

cua phong t r ^ o cong n h a n M i

C a u 3 : NOi d u n g c h u y e u c u a " C h i n h s a c h l a n g gieng t h a n t h i f n " c u a Mi

* Hufiig ddn trd lai :

- " C h i n h sdch M n g gieng t h a n t h i $ n " cua Tdng thong M i Ru-dcr-ven nh^m

cai t h i e n quan he v d i cac nifdc M i L a - t i n h , von dxiac M i coi l a "san sau" ciia

m i n h v a t h i e t lap quan he ngoai giao v d i L i e n X6

- Doi vdi cac niTdc M i La-tinh: Tir nam 1934, Ch|nh ghu Ru-do-ven chfoi dut

cuoc can thi^p vu trang, tien h k n h thiTcfng liicmg, htm hen trao t r a doc lap, nhkiu

xoa diu cuoc dau t r a n h chong M i va cung co v i t r i cua M i d khu viTc nay

- D o i v d i L i e n X6 : TCr n a m 1933 C h i n h phu Ru-dcf-ven da chinh thiJc cor

n h a n va thig't l$p quan h? ngoai giao v d i L i e n X6 Viec l a m nay xua't phat t •

nhumg Icfi ich cua M i T r e n thifc te, chinh quyen Ru-da-ven vSn khong tii ho

l^p trirdng chong cong san

QSiU 4 : V i sao k i n h te MT b u n g p h a t t r o n g t h ^ p n i e n 20 c u a the k i X X ?

* ffUorrig ddn trd Idi :

Nifdc M l CO dieu k i e n t y nhiSn thuan Igi, giau t a i nguyen

- M l khong b i a n h hifdng ciia Chien t r a n h the gidi Ifin thdr nha't ma ngiroc lai gianh dugc dtfoc nhieu nguon l o i trong Chien t r a n h the gidi thuf nhat do bkn hang hoa, vu k h i

- Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi t h d nhat M i c6 c6 UU the l a nudc t h ^ n g t r a n ,

t h a n h chu nor cua chau A u M l sdm ap dung t h a n h tiTu khoa hoc - k i thuat vao t r o n g san xua't

- M i biet sijf dung phifomg phap quan l i san xuat t i e n t i e n , m d rpng quy mo chuyen m o n hod t r o n g san xua't

Cfiu 5 : N h f i n g d i e m cot b a n t r o n g c h i n h s a c h t h o a t k h o i k h u n g hoang k i n h te (1929 - 1933) c u a M i l a gi ?

* Hudng ddn trd lai :

- De dijfa nifdc M i thoat r a khoi cuoc khung hoang, Tdng thong Ph v^n da thufc hien chinh sach mdi Chinh sach m d i da giai quyet du'cfc mot sd

Ru-do-vifti de cot ban cua nifdc M i trong con khiing hoang nguy kich N h a mfdc t\X san

da tang ciidng vai t r o cua m i n h trong viec cilu t r d ngifcfi t h a t nghiep, tao them nhieu viec l a m m d i , khoi phuc san xuat, xoa diu mau thudn giai cap va gop

p h ^ l a m cho nifdc M i duy t r i difoc che dp dan chu t u san C h i n h v i the', Ph

RU-dcf-ven l a Tdng thong duy nhat trong lich sic nifdc M i sudt bdn n h i e m k i

- Ve doi ngoai, C h i n h phu Ru-do-ven de r a Chinh sach Idng gieng thdn thien n h a m cai t h i e n quan he v d i cac nifdc M i L a - t i n h , von diTpc M i coi l a

"sfin sau" ciia m i n h , va t h i e t lap ngoai giao vdi L i e n x6

- D o i v d i cac va'n de qudc te, trifdc nguy co ciia chu nghia phat x i t va chien

fah bao t r i i m toan the gidi, Qudc hoi M i da thong qua hang loat dao luat

giOf vai t r o t r u n g lap t r o n g cAc cuoc xung dot quan sir ben ngoai nifdc M i

Chinh sach do da gop phan khuyen k h i c h chu nghia phat x i t t i f do hanh

^ng, gay r a cuoc chien t r a n h the gidi thu" hai

C A U H O I vA B A I T A P B O S U N G

i u 1 : H a y n § u t o m t a t t i n h h i n h k i n h te v a c h i n h t r i , x a h p i c u a M i

f o n g nhtfng n S m 1918 - 1923 R u t r a n h ^ n x e t c h u n g v e ntfdfc M i tifong thoTi k i n a y

ludng ddn trd Idi ; •

I- Kinh ti:

+ Chien t r a n h t h e gidi t h d nha't da dem l a i "nhCfng co h o i vang" cho 'iUfdc M i V d i n i n k i n h te dat miic tang trifdng cao t r o n g sudt nhCfng nftm

|n.g va sau chidn t r a n h M i t r d t h a n h nifdc tif ban giau m a n h nhat

+ Cung v d i l o i t h e do, viec cai t i e n k i thuat, thifc h i e n phifOng phap san

fe day c h u y i n va m d rong quy mo san xua't da difa nen k i n h te M i biidc vao

|i k i phon v i n h t r o n g thap nien 20 cua the k i XX

+ Su phdt trifo kinh t§' chay theo Igi nhuan, theo cong nghiSp tif do th;i

qua da dua den sU phat trien khong dong bp giffa cdc nganh cong nghieji

giOa cong nghiep v<5i n6ng nghif p, va noi chung, khong c6 ke hoach dai han

cho sU can do'i giijfa san xuat tieu dung

- Chinh tri, xa hoi :

+ Thcfi ki tang trUorng cao cua kinh te Mi trong thap nien 20 gdn lien vdi

suf cam quyen cua cac tong thong thuoc Dang Cong hoa Chinh phu cua Dang

Cong hoa mot mat de cao sir phon vinh cua nen kinh te, mat khac thi hand

chinh sach ngan chan cong nhan dau tranh, dan dp nhufng tu tutorng tien bo

trong phong tr^o cong nhan

+ Phong trao dau tranh cua cong nhan diin ra soi noi trong cac nganh

cong nghiep than, luyen thep, van t ^ i dudng sdt Thang 5 - 1921, Dang

Cong san M i dirge thanh lap tren ca s6 hdp nha't Dang Cong san cong nhan

Ml va Dang Cong san ra ddi truTdc d6 (1919), danh dau budc phat trieu

cua phong trao cong nhan Mi

- Nhdn xct chung : Day la thdi ki "hoang kim" cua nirdc Mi, song trong

16ng no da chiJa dimg nhCttig mam mong cua sir khung hoang Mac diu kinh

te phat trien nhung dori song ciia cong nhan va nhan dan lao dong vSn kh6

sd, nhieu cuoc dau tranh cua cong nhan bung no

Cau 2 : Vi sao cupc khiing hoang kinh te no ra dau tien d Mi ? CUQC

khiing hoang kinh te (1929 - 1933) d Mi didn ra nhif the nao ?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- Vi sao :

Ngay trong thcfi ki phon thinh, nen kinh te cua M i da hoc lo nhOfng han

ch§': nhieu nganh cong nghiep chi suf dung 60% den 80% cong sua't, nan that

nghiep thirdng xuyen xay ra, san xuat 6 at, chay theo Icfi nhuan, phat tri§n

khong dong bo giOfa cac nganh, ma't can do'i giOa cung va cau Do chinh la

nguyen nhan din tdi cupc khiing hoang kinh te (1929 - 1933)

- Khiing hoang diin ra :

+ Cuoi thang 10 - 1929, nirdc Mi lam vao cuoc khung hoang kinh tg' chiTa

timg thay : Hang nghin ngan hang, cong ti cong nghiep va thufcfng mai bi pha san

+ Den cuoi mua h^ nSm 1932, san xuat cong nghiep Mi giam 2 lin so vdi

nam 1929, 75% dan trai bi pha san, hang tri$u ngirdi tha't nghiep

Cau 3 : Bi^n phap khSc phuc cua Tong thon^'lvii Ru-dd-ven

* Huang ddn trd lai :

- Cuoi thang 10 - 1929, nirdc M l lam vao cuoc khung hoang kinh te chiia

titog thay : Hang nghin ngan hang, cong ty cong nghiep va thircfng mai bj

pha sdn Dg'n cu6i mua h.h nSm 1932, san xuat cong nghiep Mi giam 2 Ian so

vdi nam 1929, 75% dan trai bi pha san, hang trieu ngiTofi that nghiep

- De diTa nUdrc M l thoat khoi khung hoang nSm 1932, Ru-da-ven ddc cur

T6ng thong, da thUc hien Chinh sdch mdi

+ Chinh sach mdi cua Ru-do-ven bao gom cac bien phap nhkm giai quye't 'nan tha't nghiep, nong nghiep va ngan hang vdi nhOfng qui dinh chat che, dat dirdi sir kiem soat ciia Nha nUdc Nha niTdc tang circfng vai tro trong viec cai

td he thong ngan hang, to chufc lai san xua't, cuTU trcf ngircfi tha't nghiep, tao

th^m nhieu viec lam mdi va on dinh tinh hinh xa hoi

+ Chinh sach mdi da ciJU nguy cho chii nghia tu ban M l , giai quye't phan ,0 kh6 khan cho ngir&i lao dpng, gop phin lam cho nUdc M i duy t r i che do

chii tu sdn

ISu 4 : Neu nhttng diem cof ban trong chinh sach doi ngoai cua Tong

thong Mi Ph Ru-dcf-ven vdfi cac midc Mi Latinh, vdi Lien X6 va quoc te

* Huang ddn trd Idi :

;# - Ve doi ngoai, Chinh phu Ru-da-ven de ra Chinh sdch Idng giing than thien nhkm cai thien quan he vdi cac nUdc M i La-tinh, von dUdc Mi coi la

"san sau" cua minh, va thie't lap ngoai giao vdi Lien X6

/ - Doi vdi cdc va'n de quoc te, trudc nguy co cua chii nghia phdt xit va chien

^ranh bao triim toan the gidi, Quoc hoi M i da thong qua hang loat dao luat

Mi gin vai tr6 trung lap trong cdc cuoc xung dot quan sU ben ngoai nUdc Mi

Ihinh sach do da gop phan khuyen khich cbu nghia phat xit tU do hanh )ng, gay ra cuoc chien tranh the gidi thiir hai

Bai28

N H A T B A N G I 0 A H A I C U O C C H I E N T R A N H T H E G i d l

(1918 -1939) cAu H 6 I , B A I T A P cd B A N

fiu 1 : Tinh hinh nufdtc Nhgt trong nhiJng nam dau sau Chien tranh 6' gidfi thiir nhat nhif the nao ?

Huang ddn trd Idi :

- Nude Nhat la nUdc thuf hai sau M i thu dugc nhieu Igi trong Chien tranh

le gidi thd nhat Lgi dung su suy giam kha nSng kinh te cua cdc nUdc tU

dn chau Au trong chien tranh Nhat Ban da tang cUdng san xua't hang hoa

k xua't khau Nhcf nhCfng don dat hang quan sU, san xua't cong nghiep ciia

hat tang trudng ra't nhanh Trong khi do nong nghiep bi kim ham bdi tan phong kien D6i song cua ngUdi lao dong khong dUcfc cai thien

- Phong trao da'u tranh cua c6ng nhan va nong dan bung len manh me ijfng nam sau chien tranh

143

+ M u a t h u 1918, quan chung n h a n dan n6'i day d d n h pha qAc kho th6c,

m d dau cuoc "Bao dong liia gao"

+ NhOfng cuoc b a i cong ciia cong n h a n cung Ian rSng d c&c t r u n g tAm

cong nghiep Idn n h u K6-be, Na-goi-a, 6-xa-ka C h i r i e n g nftm 1919 da c6

2388 cuoc b a i cong cua cong n h a n

+ T r e n co sd sir phat t r i e n cua phong trao cong n h a n , t h a n g 7 - 1922

Dang Cong sAn N h a t B a n dupc t h a n h lap

C a u 2 : T i n h h i n h N h ^ t B a n trong nhflng n a m 1918 - 1929 c 6 d i e m g i

k h a c n h a u so vdri t i n h h i n h nifdfc M i c u n g t h d i g i a n n a y ?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- K i n h te N h a t Ban phat t r i e n bap benh, khong on d i n h , chi phat t r i e n

t r o n g t h 6 i gian ngan r o i l a i l a m vko k h i i n g hoang

- Sure canh t r a n h cua N h a t yeu hcfn so vdi M i

- N h a t p h a i nhap k h a i i nguyen lieu tii niXdc ngoai nen k h 6 n g chu dong

t r o n g san xua't

- Cong nghiep cua N h a t t r o n g t h 6 i gian nay k h o n g difoc cai t h i e n , nong

nghiep t r i t r e , k i t h u a t lac hau, t r o n g k h i do, k i n h te M i phat t r i e n het stJc

n h a n h chong do cai t i e n k i t h u a t , doi m d i quan l i san xua't, sufc canh t r a n h

cao, nguon nguyen lieu d6i dao, ngifdn von Idn

+ San xua't cong nghiep giam siit

+ K h u n g hoang xay r a n g h i e m t r o n g nha't l a t r o n g nong nghiep

+ T h i trUorng t r o n g v a ngoai nifdc h i t h u hep

- K h u n g hoang k i n h te day m a n h qud t r i n h t a p t r u n g san xua't, tang

cirofng quyen lu'c ciia cac tap doan tif ban Idn

C a u 4 : N h a n d a n N h g t B a n d a u t r a n h c h o n g c h u n g h i a q u a n p h i ? t

nhxi the n a o ?

* Hudng ddn trd lai : *

- T r o n g nhumg n a m 1929 - 1939, C U Q C da'u t r a ^ h chong chu nghia quan

phiet cua n h a n dan N h a t B a n ma h a t n h a n l a n h dao l a Dang Cong san d i l n

ra soi noi dudi nhieu h i n h thiic Tii nhOmg cuoc bieu t i n h phan doi c h i n h sach

x a m lircfc ciia gidi cam quyen da dan d e n phong trao t h a n h l a p M a t t r a n

N h a n dan, tap hop dong dao cac t a n g Idp xa hoi Cuoc da'u t r a n h cua nhan

dan N h a t B a n da gdp phan l a m cham l a i qua t r i n h quan p h i e t hda bp may

n h a nUdc d nuTdc nay

- TCr n a m 1929, nhifng cuoc bai cong cua cong n h a n d a bung nd d nhuTng

k h u cong nghiep l<Jn va t r d t h a n h cuoc chien cho'ng c h i n h phu G i d i cAm

| quyen dan ap da m a n phong trao each mang

- Vao giOa nhOtog n a m 30, phong trao thanh lap Mat t r a n Nhan d a n phat I'tri^n rong k h d p Phong trao da l o i cuon dong dao cac t a n g Idp n h a n dan

t h a m gia, c6 ca b i n h l i n h va s i quan Nhat N a m 1939, d a d i l n r a t r e n 40 cuoc da'u t r a n h cho'ng chien t r a n h cua b i n h s i t r o n g quan doi N h a t

C S u 5 : L $ p b a n g t h o n g k e v e c a c g i a i d o a n p h a t t r i e n c h i n h c i i a

N h a t B a n gii^a h a i c u g c c h i e n t r a n h the gidri

/ * Hudng ddn trd lai :

1918 - 1929 - 1918 - 1923 : Khac v6i MT, Nhat bi/6c vao thcJi ki on dinh tarn th6i

va phat trien bS'p benh Nhieu phong trao dS'u tranh cija cong nh§n

va n5ng dan bung no

- 1924 - 1929 : Kinh t§', chinh tri 6n djnh, song da bdt diu n^y

sinh mim mong cija l<hung l<hoang

1929 - 1939 - Cuoc l<hLing hoang k\nh te the gidi (1929 - 1933) da giang mot

don nang ne vao l<inh te Nhat

- NhSt thi/c hien qua trinh quan phi§t hoa bo may nhS nude, thi/c hi?n chinh sach doi noi phan dpng va doi ngoai hieu chig'n

- Phong trao dau tranh chu nghTa quSn phi^t 6 NhSt di§n ra s6i n6i, rong l(hdp

3fiu 6 : V i sao s\i o n d i n h c u a N h a t B a n nhiJug n a m 1924 - 1929 c h i l a

jim thdi v a b a p b e n h ?

Hudng ddn trd lai :

- N e n cong nghiep chu yeu dua vao xuat khau ciia N h a t ngay cang gap kho lan t r o n g viec canh t r a n h vdi M i va cac nudc Tay Au

- N h a t l a i thie'u nguyen lieu va t h i triTdng

- Cong nghiep cua Nhat khong difOc cai thien, nong nghiep c5n t r i tre, lac hau

- N h a t chifa ap dung thanh tifti khoa hoc t i e n t i e n vao t r o n g san xua't

^au 7 : N e u nhufng ddc diem c u a qua t r i n h q u a n phi$t hoa d Nh^t B a n

Hudng ddn trd lai :

- N h ^ m kh^c phuc nhuCng hau qua cua cuoc k h u n g hoang va giai quyet kho

lan do thie'u nguon nguyen lieu v a t h i trifdng tieu t h u hang hoa, gidi cam

|uyen Nhat chu trufofng quan phiet hda bo may nha nude, gay chien t r a n h

im luac, banh triTdng ra ben ngoai

- d N h a t do da c6 s&n che do chuyen ehe T h i e n hoang nen qua t r i n h quan fhi^t hoa d i l n r a t h o n g qua viec qudn phiet hod b6 mdy nha nUdc vd tien kdnh chien tranh xdm luge thugc dia Qua t r i n h nay keo dai t r o n g nhOfng

nam 30 cua the k i XX do c6 nhutng mau thuan giOfa phai "sT quan tre" vdi

phai "si quan gia" Cupc dau tranh diln ra quyet kiSt, cuo'i cung phai "si quan

tre" tha't bai

- TCr nam 1937, gidi cam quyen Nhat da cham duTt cuoc da'u tranh noi bo,

tap trung vao qua trinh quan phiet hoa bo may nha nxidc

- Cung vdri viec quan phiet h6a bp may nhk nifdc, tang cu£fng chpy dua vu trang,

gidi cam quyen Nhat Ban day manh cuoc chi§n tranh xam lucre Trung Quoc

II C A U HOI VA BAI T A P BO SUNG

Cau 1 : Nhffng bieu hi^n ve stf on dinh tam thdi ciia Nhgt Ban trong

nhijtng nSm 1924 - 1929

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- Ve kinh ti :

+ Nam 1926, san lufcfng cong nghiep mdi phuc h6i trd lai va vucrt miJc

trirdc chien tranh NhiAig chiTa day mot nam sau, mua xuan 1927, cupc khung

hoang tai chinh lai bung no d thii do T6-ki-6 lam 30 ngan hang pha sdn

+ Nen cong nghiSp chu yeu difa v^o xuat khau cua Nhat ngay cang gap

khd khan trong viec canh tranh vdi M l va cac niTdc Tay Au

- Ve chinh tri :

+ NhQng nam dau thap nien 20 cua the ki XX, Chinh phu Nhat da thi

hknh mpt so cai each chinh t r i (nhu ban hanh luat bau cijf pho thong cho nam

gidi, cAt giam ngan sach quoc phbng ) va giam bdt cang thang trong quan he

vdi cac cUdng quoc ben ngoai

+ Trong nhutog nam cuoi th^p nien 20, Chinh phu cua Tudng Ta-na-ca da

thifc hien chinh sach ddi noi va doi ngoai hig'u chien

Cau 2 : Trong thaip nien 20 cua thS' ki XX, kinh te MI va Nh^t Ban c6

diem gi gidng nhau va khac nhau ?

* Hudng ddn trd lai :

- Gid'ng nhau : Cung la nUdc th^ng trSn, thu difdc nhilu lofi, khong bi mS't

mat gi nhieu trong chiSn tranh *

- Khdc nhau : ^

+ Kinh td' Mi phat t r i l n ciTc ky nhanh chong do cai tien ki thuat, thuc

hien phuong phap san xuat day chuyen, tang cudng toe dp boc Ipt cong nhan

+ d Nhat phat t r i l n khong deu, mS't can doi (trong v6ng mfiy nSm dAu)

roi lai lam vao khung hodng, cong nghiep khong c6 svt cai thi$n, n6ng nghiep

tri tr$ lac hau, kinh te phat trien chsim chap, bap bSnh

C a u 3 : D e thoat k h o i C U Q C k h u n g hoang k i n h te 1929 - 1933 M i v a

Nhat B a n giai quyet k h a c n h a u nhv( the nao ?

; * Hudng ddn trd led :

- Mi giai quye't khiing hoang bang cai each kinh te, xa hoi, thiTc hien

Chinh sdch mdi cua Ru-dcf-ven : bao gom cac bien phap nhkm giai quyet nan

that nghiep, nong nghiep va ngfin hang vdi nhOfng qui dinh chat che, dat dudi sir kiem soat cua Nha nUdc Nha nude tang cifdng vai tro trong vi§c cai

i6 he thong ngan hang, to chdc lai san xuSt, ciJu trcf ngudi tha't nghiep, tao

them nhieu vi§c lam mdi va on dinh tinh hinh xa hpi

- Nhat gidi quyet khung hoang b&ng each tang cudng chinh sdch qudn sU

I Ada ddt nude, phat xit hoa bd may thong tri, gay chien tranh, banh trirdng ra

i'b§n ngoai

Cau 4 : Vi sao gidi cam quyen Nhsit Ban chon Trung Qu6c \k diem

den dau tien trong chinh sach xam Itfofc cua minh vao th^p nien 20 cua the ki X X ?

* Hudng ddn trd lai :

«, - Nham thirc hi^n tham vong md ra pham vi anh hudng cua d§' quoc Nhat

P viing Dong B^c A, mot vCmg c6 y nghla chig'n luac

- Dap iJng yeu cau cua Nhat v^ viec thieu nguyen lieu va thi trUdng tieu thu hang hda - thi trUdng Trung Quoc rpng Idn lu6n lu6n la doi tUcfng ma

at mud'n chiem giff tii iSu, dat biet la vung D6ng B^c

Cau 1 : Txi cac khau hi^u dS'u tranh neu trong bai, em thay phong

trao Ngu tvL c6 diem gi mdi so vdi cac phong trao dau tranh niita sau

the' ki X I X d Trung Quoc ?

* Hiidng d&n trd Icfi :

- Cac khau hieu dau tranh trong phong trao Ngu tur : "Trung Quoc cua

ngir&i Trung Qu6c", "Xod bo 21 dieu" (1^ hiep u6c cAc nUdc de quoc dua ra,

nhkm xau xe Trung Quoc), "Giet het bon ban nudc"

- Cac khau hieu dau tranh do the hien phong tr^o mang tinh dan t6c vk dka

chu rat cao, tiirc la phong trao chong de quoc va phong kien ducfc the hien ro net

- Cdc phong trao dau tranh nijfa sau the k i XIX d Trung Quoc chi de ra

muc tieu da'u tranh chong phong kien ma khong dung cham gi den de quoc

Cau 2 : Dang Cpng san Trung Quoc difoTc thanh l$p nhtf the nao ? Y

nghia cua svi k i ^ n nay

* Hudng d&n trd lai :

• Dang Cong sdn Trung Quoc th^nh lap :

+ TCf sau phong tr^o Ngu tuf, viec truyen bd chu nghia Mac - Le-nin vko

Trung Quoc phdt trien nhanh ch6ng, siu rong

+ Tang l(Sp t r i thuTc tien bo, tieu bieu la L i Dai Chau da tich cue tuygn

truyen, pho bien chu nghia Mac - Le-nin vao Trung Quoc, tao dieu kien cho

sir thanh lap Dang Cong san

+ Nam 1920, mot so nhom cgng san da ra dcfi vdi sir giiip dd cua Quoc te

Cpng san

+ Thdng 7 - 1921, Ddng Cong san Trung Quoc dirac thanh lap

- Y nghia : '

+ BAnh dau biTdc ngoSt quan trong cua each m a n ! Trung Quoc

+ Tijf day, giai cap v6 san Trung Quoc da c6 chinh dang cua minh de tiTng

birdc ndm ngon c& lanh dao cdch mang

C a u 3 : Neu d i l n bien chinh cua each mang Trung Qudc nhiMg nSm

1926-1937

* Hudng d&n trd Idi :

- Chien tranh Bdc phat :

+ Trong nhOng nftm 1926 - 1927, DAng Cong ska hcJp t i c vdi Qu6c dfin dang da ti§n hanh cuoc chien tranh cdch mang nhkm danh do cdc tap doan

qu^n phiet B^c Duong, dang chia nhau thd'ng t r i cdc viing khdc nhau d mien

B^c Trung Quoc (trong lich sijf thudng gpi la Chien tranh Bic phat)

+ Quan cdch mang, da giai ph6ng vung dat rong Idn, chiem cAc thanh

pho Nam Kinh, ThUOng Hai Sau d6, TUotng Gidi Thach tien hanh cuoc chinh bien 6 Thuong Hai, roi thanh lap chinh phu tai Nam Kinh D§n t h ^ g 7 - 1927,

chinh quyen rOi vko tay TiTcfng Giofi Thach Cuoc chien tranh B^c phat that bai

- Cuoc Ngi chien Qudc - Cong :

+ Sau Chien tranh B^c phat, quin chiing each mang dudi sir lanh dao

cua Dang Cong san Trung Quoc da tien h^nh cuoc chien dau chong Chinh phu Qudc dan dang, diTOc goi la Noi chien Qudc - COng, d i i n ra trong nhufng nam 1927 - 1937

+ Quan dpi Tirdng Gidi Thach da t6 chiJc bdn Ian vSy qu6t Idn nh^m tieu diet can cu" dia each mang ciia Dang Cong san, nhiTng deu bi that bai

+ De bao to^n life lirong, thdng 10 -1934 Hong quan eong ndng phai tidn hanh cuoe pha vfiy, rut khoi can eii dia edeh mang, tidn len phia b^c,

trong lich suf goi la cuoc Van li trUdng chinh Tren dirdng trirdng chinh, tai

Hoi nghi Tuan Nghia (thdng 1 - 1935), Mao Trach Dong trd thanh ngufW

lanh dao Dang Cong skn Trung Qudc

+ Thang 7 - 1937, Nhat xam liTOc Trung Qudc, Dang Cong s&a de nghi

Qudc dan dang dinh chi noi chien de chdng Nhat

C a u 4 : Neu nhihig d i l n bien chinh cua phong trao each mang d An

Dp sau Chien tranh the gidi thiif nhat

* Hiidng d&n trd Idi :

- Sau Chien tranh the gidi thuf nhat, ehinh quyen thirc dan tang cUdng b6c lot thuoe dia, ban hanh nhiJng dao luat phan dong nh^ra ciing cd bo may thdng t r i ciia minh, da lam cho nhutng mau thuSn xa hpi ngay cang eang

th^ng Mpt lan s6ng dau tranh chdng thire dan Anh dang cao kh^p A n Do

trong nhufng nam 1918 - 1922

- Phong trao da'u tranh d i l n ra diTdi nhilu hinh thufc phong phii, loi eudn

ddng dao ckc tang Idp ndng dan, eong nhan va t h i dan tham gia Giuf vai trb

lanh dao phong trao la Dang Qudc dai, dufng dau la M Gan-di Ong keu goi dau tranh chdng chu nghia thuc dan bkng cac bien phap h6a binh Phong

trao ba't bao dong, bat hap tkc do M Gan-di va Dang Qudc dai lanh dao, diTOc

ckc tang Idp nhan dan An Do hirdng ling.'

- Thang 12 - 1925, Dang Cong san An DO dirae thanh lap, g6p phdn thuc day phong trao dfiu tranh chdng thUc dan Anh d i i n ra manh me

149

C S u 5 : N p i d u n g c h u y&'u c u a phong trao giai p h 6 n g d a n tQC d An

Dp vao n h u ^ g n a m 30 c u a the k i X I X

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- NhOng hau qua nang ne cua cu6c khiing hoang k i n h te the gidi (1929

- 1933) da l a m bung len Ian s<3ng dau tranh mdi cua nhan dan A n Do Phong

trao keo dai trong suot nhOtog nam 30 thong qua cdc chien dich bat hop tac

v(Ji thifc dan A n h , do M Gan-di va Dang Quoc dai kh6i xudng

- Thang 9 - 1939, Chien t r a n h the gidi thiJ hai bung no Chinh q u y i n A n h

tuyen chien d chau A u va tuyen b6' A n Dp la mot bgn t h a m chig'n Phong trao

each mang d A n Do c h u y i n sang mot thori k i mdi

Cau 6 : V i sao noi phong trao Ngu ti? (4 - 5 - 1919) md d^u C U Q C each

mang chong de quoc va chong phong kie'n of Trung Quoc ?

* Hudng ddn trd lai :

- Phong trao Ngu tiJ n h ^ m phan doi am mult xau xe Trung Quoc cua cac

nude de quoc

- Phong t r ^ o Ngu tur thifc hi#n cdc khau hieu dau t r a n h : "Trung Quoc cua

ngircfi- Trung Quoc", "Xod bo 21 dieu" (la higp u-dc cae nifde de qu6c difa ra,

n h ^ m xau xe Trung Qu6c), "Gig't het bpn ban nude"

- Qua phong trao Ngu tiJ, Ian dau tien giai cap cong nhan f rung Quoc xuat

hi$n t r e n vQ d ^ i chinh t r i nhtr m ^ t life lirong each mang doc lap Phong tr^o

Ngu tuf danh dau bude chuyen cua cdch mang Trung Quoc tif each mang dan

chu cu sang cdch mang dan chii mdi

- Tilf sau phong trao Ngu tur, viec truyen ba chu nghia Mde-Le-nin vao

Trung Quoc phdt t r i e n nhanh chong, sSu rong Thdng 7 - 1921 Dang Cong

san Trung Quoc dufcfc t h a n h lap, danh dau hxidc ngoat quan trong cua each

mang Trung Quoc Tir day, giai cap v6 san Trung Quoc da c6 chinh dang ciia

m i n h de tufng budc n ^ m ngon ed lanh dao each mang

Cau 7 : Neu nhtfng diem khac nhau ve giai cap lanh dao, con difdng

va phiftfng phdp dau tranh cua phong trao giai phong dan tpc d An

Dp so v<Ji Trung Quoc trong nhiJng nSm giffa hai C U Q C chien tranh

the' gicJi ?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

Tigu chi so sanh Cach m^ng An D6 Cach mang Trung Qu6'c

Giai ca'p lanh dgo Giai cafp ti/ sdn ma dgi dien la

DSng Quoc dai

a|iai ba'p v6 sin ma dai

dign la Dang Cong san

Con difcJng C&ch mang dSn chu tif san Cach mgng dan chu tu skn

kieu m6i

Phaong phap Ba't bao dgng, bS't hop tac Bao dong kg't hop vfii si/

n6'i dciy cua quSn chung

I I cAu H 6 I V A B A I T A P B O S U N G

C a u 1 : D i i n b i e n v a y n g h i a c u a phong trao N g u tuf of T r u n g Q u o c

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- Diin bien : + Ngky 4 - 5 - 1919, hcfn 3000 sinh viSn yeu nifdc d Bdc K i n h da diJng Ign dau t r a n h phan doi quyet dinh bai cong cua cAc nUdc de quoc ve viec

chuy§'n giao nhiJng dac q u y i n cua Ddc d t i n h Scm Dong cho N h a t Ban

+ Phong trao Ian rong khdp 22 t i n h va 150 t h a n h pho trong ca nifdc, loi

cuon dong dao cac tang Idp nhan dan tham gia, dac biet la giai cap cong

nhan Phong trao gitrong cao cac khau hieu da'u t r a n h : "Trung Quoc ciia

ngifdi Trung Quoc", "Xoa bo 21 dieu", "Giet het bon giac bdn nifdc" Nhufng

cuoc bai cong chinh t r i to Idn cua cong nhan Thugng H a i , N a m K i n h , Thien

Tan da dUa phong trao nhanh chdng gianh dtforc t h ^ n g lai

- Y nghia :

+ Phong trao Ngu tuT da md dau cao trao c^ch mang chdng de quoc va

chdng phong kien d Trung Quoc

+ Lan dau tign giai ca'p cong nhan Trung Quoc xua't hien tren vu dai chinh t r i n h u mot liic luong c^ch mang doc lap Phong trao Ngu tuf danh dau birdc chuyen cua cdch mang Trung Qud'c ti^ each mang dan chu cu sang cdeh mang dan ehu m d i

c a u 2 : Hay d i i n si^ k i ^ n cho phu h^p vdri cac moc thofi gian trong

bang sau ve lich s\i Trung Qu6c nhffng nam 1919 - 1939

N g^ y 4 - 5 - 1 9 1 9 Phong ti<^o Ngu tif nhSm phSn d6'i am mifu xflu Trung Qu5'c

ciia cac nude d§' quoc

Thang 7 - 1921 Dang C5ng sSn Trung Quo'c da(3c thanh lap, danh dau btf6c

ngoat quan trpng cua lich sif Trung Qu5'c

T i n 926 dg'n 1927 Ddng Cfing san hop tac v6i Qu6'c dan ddng tig'n hanh cuOc

chig'n tranh each mgng nhim danh dd cac tap doan quan phi§t eac Difong, gpi la Chi§'n tranh Bdc phgt

Tif 1927 dg'n 1937 D5ng COng san Trung QuS'c lanh dao nhSn dSn tien hanh cuoc

chien dau chong Chinh phu Qudc dSn dang, goi la Npi chien Quoc - Cong

Thang 10-1934 Hong quan cong nong tien hanh cuoc Vgn If trucJng chinh

JhAng 1 - 1 9 3 5 Mao Trgch Dong tr6 thanh ngudi lanh dao cua Dang Gong san

Trung Quoc

Thang 7 - 1 9 3 7 Quan phi^t Nhat phat dong cuoc chien tranh xam lucJc Trung

Quoc Trung Quoc bi/6c vao thcJi kl chonq Nhat

C a u 3 : N e u torn tat p h o n g t r a o d a n tpc of A n D p q u a h a i t h d i k i

1918 - 1929 v a 1929 - 1939 theo b a n g thong ke diidi day :

1918-1929

1929 - 1939

* Huang d&n trd lai:

1918 - 1929 - Phong trao dau tranh dien ra di/fii nhieu hinh thCfc phong phu,

loi cu6'n dong dao cac ting I6p nong dan, c6ng nhSn va thj d§n tham gia Gidf vai tro lanh dao phong trao la Dang Quoc dai, dilng dau la M Gan-di La lanh tg c6 uy tin !6n, M Gan-di c6

M\g sSu rong doi v6i nhan dan An DO Ong keu ggi dau tranh chfi'ng chu nghTa thgc dan b^ng cac bi?n phap hoa blnh, khong sif dyng bao Igc (nhu bieu tlnh hoa binh, bai cSng b cac

nha may, c6ng s6, bai khoa 6 cac tri/cJng hpc, tSy chay h^ng hoa Anh, khQng nop thue )

- Phong tr^o ba't b^o dong, ba't hpp tac do M Gan-di va Dang Qu6c d^i lanh dgo, dagc c^c tang I6p nhan d§n An Dp hi/6ng ifng

1929 - 1939 - NhBng hSu qu^ nSng ng cua cuoc khung hodng kinh t§' the gifli

(1929 - 1933) da lam bung len Ian song dau trang m6i cua nhan dSn An DO Phong trao keo dai trong suot nhSng nam 30 thong qua cac chien djch bat hop tac v6i thgc dan Anh, do M

Gan-di va Dang Qu6'c dai kh6i xadng

- Thang 9 -1939, Chien tranh thg,|icii M hai bung no Chinh

quy^n Anh tuyen chien 6 chau Au v^ tuyen b5' An Do la mot ben tham chi§'n Phong trao c^ch mgng 6 An DO chuyen sang mOt thcJi ki mOi

D6ng N a m A NhOmg chuyen bien quan trong ve k i n h te, chinh t r i , xa hoi da

d i i n ra d hau kh^p cac nifdc trong khu vifc

+ V I k i n h te : T r d t h a n h thi trucfng tieu t h u hang hoa, cung cap nguyen

li$u oho cdc nUdc chinh quoc

+ Ve chinh t r i : B i chinh quyen thUc dan khong che Cac quyen hanh n^m trong tay chinh quyen thUc dan

+ Ve xa hoi : Phan hoa giai cap ngay cang sau s^c Giai cap tif san dan tOc Idn m a n h , giai cap nong dSn chiem da sS", gia cap c6ng nhan dan dan

trifdng th^nh

- Cung vdi nhiJng c h u y i n bien trong niTdc, th^ng Icfi cua Cach mang thdng

Mucfi Nga vk cao t r k o cdch mang the gidi da tac dpng manh me den phong

0 doc lap dan toe d Dong N a m A

S u 2 : P h o n g t r a o d a n tpc or D o n g N a m A gifia h a i c u p c c h i e n t r a n h the gidfi (1919 - 1939) c 6 nhtfug d i e m gi mdti ?

Huang ddn trd lai :

• Hodn cdnh lich siJC mdi :

+ Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi thuf nhat, chinh sach k h a i thdc boc \qt

uoc dia cua thifc dan phiTcfng Tay da tdc dong manh me den t i n h h i n h cac

urdc Dong N a m A NhOfng chuyen bien quan trong ve k i n h te, chinh t r i , xa

Qi da d i i n r a 6 han khap cac niidc trong khu vifc

+ Cung vdi nhOfng chuyen bien trong nifdc, t h i n g lori cua Cach mang

^kng Mudi Nga v ^ cao trao cdch mang the gidi da tac dong m a n h me den hong trao doc lap dan toe d Dong N a m A

- Phong trao dau tranh mdi :

+ Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi thiif nhat, phong trao doc Ikp dan toe phat

t r i e n d hau kh^p cac nude Dong N a m A So vdi nhOng n a m dau the k i XX,

phong tr^o dan toe t u san c6 nhOfng bude tien ro ret cung vdi sif Idn manh

cua giai cap t u skn dan toe

+ Muc tieu dau t r a n h dan toe duofe de xuat ro rang : dbi quyen tU chu vfe chinh t r i , quyen tU do trong k i n h doanh, quyen dung tieng me de trong giao due

+ M o t so chinh d^ng tir san dtfcrc th&nh lap va c6 ^ n h hirdng xa hoi rong

16n nhtf Dang Dan toe In-do-ne-xi-a, to chiJc phong trao T h a - k i n d M i e n

Dien, Dai hoi toan M a Lai

+ Tii thap nien 20, giai cap v6 san tre tudi or Dong N a m A h&t dau

trifcrng t h a n h H a n g loat cac Dang Cong san difcfe t h a n h lap, md dau la Dang

Cong san In-do-ne-xi-a (th^ng 5 - 1920) Tiep theo, trong nftm 1930, cae

dang cong sdn M n luTcft ra d&i cf Vi§t nam, M a L a i , X i e m va P h i - l i p - p i n

C a u 3 : B i ^ n p h a p d a u t r a n h c u a D a n g D a n tpc c6 d i e m gi k h a c so

vdfi D a n g C p n g s a n I n - d o - n e - x i - a

* Huang ddn trd Idi :

- Dang Cong san cf In-do-ne-xi-a su dung bien phap dau t r a n h cho'ng chii

nghia de quoc hhng k h d i nghia vu trang

- Dang D a n toe dau t r a n h cho'ng chii nghia de quoc b^ng cdeh doan ket

cac luc ItfOng dan toe, t i e n hanh dau t r a n h gi^nh doc lap bkng bien ph4p hoa

b i n h va bang phong trao bat hop tac vdi chinh quj'en thifc dan Bien phap

dfi 'u t r a n h ciia Dang Dan toe d In-do-ne-xi-a phii hop vdi hoan eanh lich suf va

dieu kien cu the ciia In-do-ne-xi-a n e n da n h a n h ehong gianh difoc uy t i n

chinh t r i v^ t r d t h a n h lUc lucfng d i n d^t phong trao giai phong d a n toe d

In-do-ne-xi-a

C a u 4 : N e u nhuing d i e n b i e n c h i n h c u a p h o n g t r a o dpc l $ p d a n tpc d

I n - d o - n e - x i - a giiJa h a i c u p c c h i e n t r a n h the gidfi

* Huang ddn trd lai :

- Sau Chien t r a n h the gidi thiJ nhl't, s u phat t r i e n eua phong trao cong

n h ^ n va viee truyen bd chii nghia Nf^c-Le n i n vao In-do-n^-xi-a da ddn tdi

viec t h a n h l a p Dang Cong s a n In-do-n^-xi-a vao t h d n g 5 - 1920

- Dang Cong san d a l a n h dao cuSc k h d i nghia vu t r a n g d Gia-va va

Xu-ma-to-ra t r o n g nhiJng n a m 1926 - 1927 Cuoc k h d i nghia thd't bai nhuCng da l a m

rung ehuyen n e n thong t r i ciia thiTC d a n L a n 6 In-do-ne-xi-a

- Tir n a m 1927, sau tha't bai ciia Dang Cong san, quy^n l a n h dao phong

trao each mang chuyen vao tay Dang Dan toe ciia giai cap tir san, dufng dau

la Ac-m6t-xu-cae-n6 V d i chu trUotng doan ket cAc luc lugng dan toe, ehong de

qud'c, da'u t r a n h bling con difdng h6a b i n h , b^ng phong trao bat hop tac vdi

chinh quyen thiTc dan Dang Dan.toe da n h a n h ehong t r d t h a n h lufc lufong

dan dat phong trao giai phong dan toe d In-do-ne-xi-a

- Dau th$p nien 30, phong trao da'u t r a n h chon^Hhuc dan Ha L a n tiep tuc

biing no lan rong khdp cac dao In-do-ne-xi-a, tieu bieu la eupe k h d i nghia cua

cac thuy b i n h d eang Su-ra-bay-a vao n a m 1933

- Sau k h i k h i i n g bo t a n kho'c nhufng ngifdi k h d i nghia, chinh quyen thiTc

dan tang cufdng dan ap, b^t gii? cac lanh tu Dang Dan toe va dat Dang ra

ngoai vong phap luat

- Cu5'i thap ni§n 30, truTdfc nguy cor cua chii nghia phat x i t , nhOng ngudi

cOng san da ket hop vdi Dang In-do-ne-xi-a, t h a n h lap M a t trkn thong nhat

chd'ng phat x i t vdi ten goi Lien m i n h chinh t r i In-do-ne-xi-a

C a u 5 : N e u nhiXng d i d n b i e n c h i n h c i i a p h o n g t r a o e a c h m a n g of L a o

v a C a m - p u - c h i a t r o n g t h d i g i a n giula h a i c u p c c h i e n t r a n h the gidi

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- Sau Chien t r a n h thg' gidi t h d nhat, thirc dan Phap tang cifdng chinh sdeh

Idiai thac thuoc dia d Lao va Cam-pu-ehia, nen nhan Lao va Cam-pu-chia

dumg len dau t r a n h cho'ng Phap

+ O Lao, cuoc k h d i nghia ciia Ong Keo va Com-rna-dam d i l n ra trong hon 30 n a m dau thg' k i XX Cuoc k h d i nghia ciia ngudi Meo do Chau Pa-ehay lanh dao keo dai t r o n g nhiJng nam 1918 - 1922 d Bae Lao va Tay Biie Viet

N a m

-I- 0 Cam-pu-chia, tieu bilu la cuoc da'u t r a n h ciia nong dan thuoc huyen

R6-l§-phan d Cong-pong Cho-nSng

|, - Ttr n a m 1930, sir ra ddi eua Dang Cong skn Viet N a m (tiT thang

10 - 1930 la Dang Cong san Ddng Difcfng) da md ra t h d i k i m d i ciia phong trao each mang d Lao va Cam-pu-chia

- Trong n h i i n g nam 1936 - 1939, phong trao M a t t r a n Dan chii Dong Duong da tap hcfp dong dao cac tdng Idp nhan dan vao cupc dau t r a n h cho'ng

Ibpn phan dong thuoc dia, chd'ng phat x i t va chdng chien t r a n h Trong dieu kif n do, mot so' ccr sd each mang ciia Ddng da dqpe xay dung va ciing co d cac thanh pho' Idn n h u Vieng Chan, Phnom Penh Cuoc van dong dan chu Dong DiTcrng da kieh thich sir phat t r i e n eua phong trao da'u t r a n h dan chii d Lao Cam-pu-ehia cho den k h i Chien t r a n h the gidi thu" hai bung n6

;hire dan, ganh nang no nan ehong cha't da lam biing no nhuCng cuoc da'u

•ranh eua nong dan ngufdi M a L a i ban dia va ngirdi M a L a i goe Hoa, goc An Jiai ca'p tir san dan toe thong qua to chute Dai hoi toan Ma L a i da len ti§'ng la'u t r a n h doi dung tieng M a L a i t r o n g nha trudng, ddi thiTc hi$n tir do dan

thii t r o n g k i n h doanh Nhieu cuoc bai cong Idn cua cong n h a n bung nd' doi

6ng lirong, cai t h i e n dieu kien lam viec

+ T h a n g 4 - 1930, Dang Cong san Ma L a i dirpe thanh lap Sir k i g n nay

la tac dong den sir phat t r i e n eua phong trao cong nhan Trong nhiJng nam 934 - 1936, cae cuoc t6ng bai cong eua cong nhan l i e n tiep dSn ra, chinh luyen thire dan buoe phai d i dg'n thda thuan tang luong cho c6ng nhan

- d Mii'n Di&n :

+ Vao dau the' k i XX, cac nha sir tre dijfng dau l a Ot-ta-ma da k h d i xUdng

phong trho bat hop tAc, khong d6ng thue tay chay h^ng h6a A n h Phong

trao loi cuon dong dao cac tang 16p nhan dan t h a m gia

+ Trong thap nien 30, hoc sinh, sinh vien M i e n dien da phat dong

Phong trao T h a - k i n (phong trao cua nhijfng ngudi l a m chu dat nirdc) dbi cai

each quy che d a i hoc, t h ^ n h lap trUdng hoc rieng cho M i e n Dien, dbi tdeh

Mi§'n Dien r a khoi A n D6 dUdc quyen i\i t r i TrUdc dp luc dSu t r a n h manh

me cua quan chiing, n a m 1937 M i e n Dien difoc tach r a k h o i A n Do, cham diJt

hon nOfa the k i \h mot t i n h ciia An Dp thupc A n h

C a u 7 : Sijf l i e n m i n h c h i e n d a u c h o n g P h a p c i i a n h a n d a n b a nifdtc

D o n g Dulofng dvLdc the h i $ n q u a nhCfng srf k i ^ n t i e u b i e u nao ?

* Huang ddn trd lai :

- Sau Chien t r a n h the gi'cSi thuf nhat, thifc dan Phap tang cudng chinh sdch

k h a i thdc thupc dia, nhat l a d cac nUdc Dong Difong, chinh sach k h a i thdc

tan bao va che dp thue' khoa, lao dich nang n ^ da l a m bung nS phong trao

dau t r a n h cho'ng Phdp d cdc nufdfc Dong DifOng

- Tir n a m 1930, sir r a ddi cua Dang Cong san Viet N a m (tiT thang

10 - 1930 l a Dang Cong san Dong DiTdng) da m d r a thcti k i m d i cua phong

trao each mang d Dong Dirong NhCfng co sd b i m a t dau tien cua Dang da

diroc t h a n h l a p d Lao va Cam-pu-chia Sau t h a t bai cua phong trao X6 viet

Nghg T i n h d Vi§t N a m , thiTc dan Phap tap t r u n g life lifong, dan dp da mar

nhiJng ngiTdi cpng s i n , pha v9 cac co sd cdch mang d hai niTdc nay

- Trong nhCng n a m 1936 - 1939, M a t t r a n dan chu Dong Duong diroc

t h a n h lap, t a p hop cac tang Idp nhan dan da'u t r a n h chong bpn phan dong

thupc dia, chcjig phat x i t , chong chien t r a n h

C a u 8 : H a y n h $ n xet v e C U Q C e a c h m a n g n a m 1932 d X i e m

* Hudiig ddn trd lai :

- Mac du 1^ nude day nMt d Dong N a m A khong b i rcfi vko t i n h trang

thupc dia, nhitog t r e n thifc te niTdc Xiem cung khong giff ducfc t r p n ven nei"

dpc lap cua m i n h va phai phu thu6c ve nhieu mat vao A n h vh Phap Sir bai

man ciia cac t^ng Idp t r o n g xa hoi doi vdi, che dp quan; chu Ra-ma V I I ngay

mot tang

- Mua he n a m 1932, m o t cupc each mang da no r a d Bang Coc diTdi su

lanh dao cua giai cap tir san, duTng dau l a Phi-di Pha-n6-mi-6ng

- Cach mang n a m 1932 da thay the che dp quan chu chuyen eh§' b^ng ch<

dp quan ehii lap hien, tao dieu kien ti§'n hanh cac cai cdch theo hiTdng tiT san

md r a mot t h d i k i phat t r i e n mdi cua Xiem

|cac thuy b i n h d cang Su-ra-bay-a vao nam 1933

m - Sau k h i khung bo' t a n kho'e nhiJng ngiTcfi khdi nghia, chinh quyen thirc f'kfin tang cirbrng dan ap, b^t giOr cac lanh t u Dang D a n tpc va dat Dang ra ngoai v6ng phdp luat

Ip - Cuo'i thap nien 30, trirdc nguy co cua chii nghia phat x i t , nhOfng ngu^i c6ng san da k§'t hop vdi Dang In-do-ne-xi-a, t h a n h lap M a t t r a n tho'ng nhftt cho'ng phat x i t vdi ten gpi Lien m i n h chinh t r i In-do-ne-xi-a

C a u 2 : N h $ n x e t v e p h o n g trao d a u t r a n h g i a n h dpc lalp d D o n g N a m

A s a u C h i e n t r a n h the gidi thvt n h a t ?

* Huang ddn trd Idi :

» - Phong trao diSn r a s6i noi v d i nhChig h i n h thdc phong phu phong trao

1 l§n cao, Ian rpng khdp ede quo'e gia Giai cap v6 san trirdng t h a n h va tha m

i gia lanh dao phong trao

- Dae biet d Dong Dirong, Dang Cong san Dong Duong da lanh dao nhan dSn ba nude ( V i f t N a m , Lao, Cam-pu-chia) dS'u t r a n h cho'ng Phdp tao bude ngoat cho phong trao

- Phong trao dan chu tU san ti6'p tuc phdt trien, chua co phong trao nao th^ng loi, nhung da co vu manh me tinh than yeu nUdc cua cac tang Idp nhan dan chong ke thii chung, tir 1940 t r d di lan luot chong chii nghia phat xit

C a u 3 : N e u d S c d i e m c u a p h o n g trao d a n tpc d D o n g N a m A s a u

C h i e n t r a n h the gidi thdf n h a t

* Huang ddn trd lai :

- Phat t r i e n d hau khdp eac nUde Dong N a m A

- Co nhOtig bude tien ro ret cung vdi sU Idn manh ciia giai cap tU san dSn toe

- Muc tieu gianh dpc lap dugc de xua't ro rang

- Mot so chinh dang tU san dugc thanh lap va c6 anh hudrig xa hpi sau rpng

C a u 4 : T o m t a t p h o n g trao g i a i p h o n g d a n tpc of I n - d o - n e - x i - a t r o n g thaip n i e n 20 c u a the k i X X v a th$p n i e n 30 c i i a t h e k i X X theo b a n g

k e dxidi d a y :

1

* Huang ddn trd lai

Thap nien 20 cua

the kl XX

- Phong trao c6ng nhan va vi^c truyln ba chu nghTa Mac-Le nin vao In-d6-n§-xi-a da din Mi vigc thanh ISp Dang Cong s^n In-do-ne-xi-a vao thang 5 - 1920

- Ddng Cong san da lanh dao cupc kh5i nghTa vu trang 6 Gia-va va Xu-ma-to-ra trong nhOng nSm 1926 - 1927 Cuoc kh6i nghTa that bai nhung da lam rung chuy§'n nen thong tri cua thi^c dan Ha Lan d In-d6-ne-xi-a

- Tif nam 1927, lanh dgo phong trao each mang chuyen vao tay 0§ng Dan toe cua giai cap tu s§n, diJng dau la Ac-met-xu-cac-n6

Ddng Dan toe da nhanh chong tr6 thanh Itrc luong dan dat phong trao giai phting dan toe 6 In-d6-n§-xi-a

Thap nien 30 cua

Thang 5-1920 Dang Cong san In-do-ne-xi-a thanh ISp

Nam 1926 - 1927 Dang Cong sdn In-do-ne-xi-a phat dpng khfii nghTa 5 Gla-va

va Xu-ma-to-ra

Nam 1927 Dang Dan tpc dirng d^u la Ac-met Xu-cae-no ndm quyen lanh

dao phong trao dau tranh 6 In-do-ne-xi-a

Thang 12 - 1939 Lien minh chinh tri In-do-ne-xi-a tri?u tap Dai hpi dgi bieu

nhSn dan

Nam 1933 Cupc kh6i nghTa cua thuy binh 5 cang Su-ra-bay-a 6 In-d6-n§-xi-a Trong 30 nam dau the

klXX

Khcii nghTa cua Ong KQO va Gom-ma-dom 6 Lao

Thang 9-1940 Phat xit Nhat nhay vao Dong Duong, phong trao each mang 6

Lao va Cam-pu-ehia chuyen sang thcJi ki da'u tranh chong phat xit Nhat

Thang 4-1940 Dang Cong san Ma Lai dupe thanh lap

Nam 1937 Mien Dien dupe tach ra khoi An Op

Cau 1 : Qua cac sxi ki$n didn ra trong qua trinh dan den chien tranh,

hay phan tich nguyen nhan bung no cua Chien tranh the giofi thijf hai

* Hudng ddn trd Icfi :

- Do mau thuSn ve quyen Icri giCa cdc niTcJc de quoc sau Chi§n t r a n h the

gidi thuf nhat lai tiep tuc nay sinh

- Do cuoc khung hoang k i n h te 1929 - 1933 da dSn den sif ra dcfi va len

cam quyen cua chu nghia pAdt xit d Dufc, I-ta-li-a va N h a t Ban n h k m gay

chien tranh d l chia lai th§' gidi

- Do chinh sdch thoa hiep, "dung duTSng" cua cac nifdc phifomg Tay da tao

dieu kien cho bon phdt x i t phdt dong chien tranh

- Cdc midc de quoc h i n h th^nh hai khoi doi lap nhau :

+ A n h , Phdp, M l t h i h ^ n h chinh sdch thoa hiep nhucfng bo n h ^ m d^y

k h 6 i phat xit tan cong Lien x6, dinh cao ciia chinh sach n^y la Hiep U(Jc

Muy-nich, "bdn diJng" Tiep Kh^c cho Dure Tuy vay, thay chifa du silc tan cong

Lien x6, Hit-le tan cong cdc nifdc chau Au trirtSc

+ Ng^y 1 - 9 - 1939, phat xit Dufc tan cong Ba Lan, Chien tranh the gidfi

thiJ hai biing no

cau 2 : Vi sao Dufc c6 the xam chiem Ba Lan mpt each nhanh chong ?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- BiSc CO lAi the tuygt doi ve siifc manh quan sU, quan Dufc ap dung chien

lufdc "Chien t r a n h chdp nhodng", sijf dung yeu to bat ngcJ de tan cong Ba Lan

- Chinh phij Ba Lan bi bat ngc( trifdc cuoc chien t r a n h xam liTOc chdfp

nhodng cua Dufc khong t r d tay kip

- CAc nirdtc A n h , Phap theo du6i chinh s^ch thoA hiep nen da An binh bS't

dong, bo mac cho Dufc thon t i n h Ba Lan vdi h i vpng DiJc se quay mui nhon

chien tranh ve phia Lien X6 ;

Cau 3 : Hay trinh bay qua trinh hinh thanh Vjf cung co lien minh

phat xit Ba nufdrc DuTc, I-ta-li-a va Nh^t Ban da' phan chia pham vi

thong t r i tren the gidti nhvC the nao ?

* HiXang ddn trd Idi :

- TLT cuoc khiing hoang k i n h te (1929 - 1933), cAc nMdc phAt x i t Dufc,

I-ta-li-a va Nhat Ban da lien k§'t vdi nhau t h ^ n h Lien m i n h phat xit, con dugc goi

la true Bec-lin - R6-ma - T6-ki-6 Khoi n^y vCra chong lai Quoc te Cong san,

vCra gay chig'n t r a n h chia lai the gidi Sif hinh thanh phe True p h ^ t x i t vao

nam 1937 chi la sir lien m i n h vi muc dich chung

- Thang 9 - 1940, nhkm cung c6' khoi lien m i n h phat xit, Hiep lidc Tarn

d f t o g Dure - I-ta-li-a - Nh$t Ban dugc k i kg't tai B6c-lin, phan chia pham v i

th6hg t r i ciia DiJc, I-ta-Ii-a d chau A i i , cau Nha Ban d Vien Dong Hiep udc

Tam cirdng nam 1940 da phan chia cu t h I pham vi thong t r i cua ba nirdc,

vach ro nghIa vu trtf giup lAn nhau giOfa ba nude phat xit

Cau 4 : Chien luf^c "Chien tranh ch<Jp nhoang" cua DiiTc bi hi that bai

nhxi the nao? Tai sao chien Ixidc do hi that bai trong C U Q C ta'n cong Lien X6 ?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi :

- Ngay 22 - 6 - 1941, phat xit Dufc ta'n c6ng Lien X6 ba't chap Hi$p dinh

X6 - DiJc Dufc suf dung chien thuat "Chien tranh chdp nhoang" danh vao Lien X6 theo ba hudng :

+ Dao quan pliia B^c danh vao Le-nin-grat

+ Dao quan trung tam tien vao ngoai v i Thu d6 Mat-xcd-va

+ Dao quan phia nam chiem Ki-6p va phdn Idn U-crai-na

- Quan dpi va nhan dan Lien X6 kien quyet chien dau bdo vg T 6 quoc ang 12 - 1941, H6ng quan Lien X6 do Tirdng Giu-cop chi huy da phdn c6ng [uyet liet, day lui quan Dufc ra kh6i cufa ngo Thu do Chien t r a n h Mat-xcd-va lam pha san chien ludc "Chien tranh chdp nhodng" ciia Hit-le

- Sau tha't bai d Mat-xcd-va, quan Du"c chuyenimui nhon ta'n c6ng xuong i)hia nam n h i m danh chig'm Xta-lin-grat Cuoc chien dau k^o dai hdn hai

|thang nhung quan Dufc khong thI chig'm dUdc thanh phd nay

- TCf thang 11 - 1942 dg'n thang 2 - 1943, diln ra trSn phan c6ng t a i IXta-lin-grat cua quan doi Lien X6 da ^.ao ndn budc ngoat csia cupc chigh tranh g" gidi Trong t r a n danh v i dai nay, Hong quan Lien X6 da ta'ri cong, bao vfiy, chia cdt de tieu di$t va b^t song toan bo doi quan t i n h nhu$ ciia DUc

{6m 33 van ngudi do Thong che' Pao-lut chi huy Bit dau ti^ day Lien X6 va

e Dong m i n h chuyen sang ta'n c6ng dong loat tr§n cac mat tran

- Nguyen nhdn thdt bai cua Biic :

+ Cu6c chien tranh xam ludc cua Dufc vao lanh thd Lign X6 la chi§'n

ranh p h i nghia, cuoc chien tranh ay va'p phai sU p h ^ n khang quyet l i ^ t ciia

!nhan dan Lien X6

+ Mac dAu DiJc to chufc ta'n cong Lien Xo ba't ngd nhung Hong qufin Lien

da chuan bi sSn sang de chong tra ac ligt cu6c ta'n c64g cua quan dpi DiJc + Mac d i u DuT^ thuc h i ^ n "Chien tranh chdp nhoang" nhUng trdn thuc te

i danh vao LiSi^ X6, Diji^c phai cha'p nhan m^t cuoc chien t r a n h k6o dai,

an trii d nhieu mat tran

161

CSu 5 : Tai sao Nhat Ban khai chi&'n vcti Mi - Anh d Thdi Binh DiTtfng ?

Hay tvfdng thu^t vi$c khai chien, qua trinh xam lu^c va banh triTdng

cua Nhat t r e n IvCdc do chdu A - Thai Binh Dtfrfng

* Huong ddn ird lai :

- Tai sao :

+ D l thirc hi^n viec b^nh trudfng d chau A - Th^i Binh Duomg, muc tigu

chi§'n lifcfc cua Nhat Bdn la chiem vung D6ng Nam A Vdi muc ti§u nky, Nhat

bdn se phdi d6l did \6i M i - Anh vk c^c cudng quo'c phucfng Tay

+ Khi Nhait Ban nhay v^o Dong Di/omg (9 - 1940), quan he Nhat - Ml

trd nen cing t h i n g den rnufc khong gidi quyet dUcJc tren b^n hpi nghi, m^

phai dung chien tranh

+ Nhat Ban hiiu rkng sufc manh chu yeu cua Mi difa v^o h^m doi Thdi

Binh Difcrng dong tai Tran Chau cdng Do d6 muon nhanh ch6ng ddnh bai M i

thi pMi hi mat, ba't ng& tieu diet ham dOi M i d Tran Chau cang

- Tudng thudt : DiXa veto I'ugc dS di tiiang thudt sau do chdt lai cdc y :

+ Ng£ly 7 12 1941, quan Nhat bat ngis tan cong Tran Chau cang

-can cii hai quSn chi yeu cua M i d Thai Binh Duong Ham doi M i bi thiet hai

nang ne Cung liic do, Nhat do bO d Nam Thai Binh DiTcfng va B^c Ma Lai

Nhat tuyen chien vdi M i - Anh

+ Ngay 1 - 1 - 1942, Lien X6, M i , Anh k i bdn Tuy§n ng6n Lien hiep

quoc, khing dinh quyet tarn chong phat xit

+ Khi chien tranh Thai Binh DUdng bung no, Nhat ti§n hanh danh

chi§'m khu vi/c Dong Nam A : Chi§'m Thai Lan, Ma Lai, Xin-ga-po

+ Nhat md rgng chien tranh Thai Binh Duang Den nam 1942, Nhat da

banh trirdng toi da d Dong A, Dong Nam A va Tay Thai Binh Duong

Cau 6 : Khoi Dong minh chong ph6t xit dtfgrc hinh thanh nhiT th§' n^o ?

Tai sao ba nrfoTc MI, Anh, Li6n X6 trufdrc chien tranh khong c6 difdng

lo'i hanh d$ng chung, nhifng trong chien tranh lai lien ket Axbfc \6i

nhau ?

* Hiicrng ddn trd lot, :

Ngay 1 - 1 - 1942, tai Oa-sinh-tcfn, 26 quoc gia (dilng dau la ba cutoig quoc

Li§n X6, M i , Anh) da ki ban Tuy6n ngon lAhn hiep quoc, k h ^ g dinh quyet tam

chien dau den cung chong chu nghia phat xit Vdi bSn Tuyen ngon nay, khoi

Deng minh chd'ng phat xit da chinh thufc hinh thanh Cuoi thang 11 - 1943,

nguy§n thu cua ba ciJdng qu6'c la Xta-lin (LiSn X6), Ru-dd-ven (Mi) va Sdfc-sin

(Anh) da hop rai Te-he-ran de th6ng nha't dirdng loi t i ^ hanh chien tranh

- Ba nurdc M i , Anh, Lien X6 trUdc chien tranh khong c6 difdng loi hanh

dpng chung, nhimg trong chien tranh lai lien ket duoc vdi nhau, vi :

+ TrUdc chien tranh, M i va Anh c6 mau thuan vdi Lien X6 Khi chien

tranh mdi b i t dau bung no, Ml, Anh muon hudng C U Q C tan cong cua chii

nghla phat xit vao lanh thd Lien X6 ,f

+ Ri6ng M l , trxidc chien tranh, Mi kh6ng muon tham chien ngay tii dSu,

vi Mi muon thUc hien chinh sdch "toa scfn quan h6 da'u"

+ Khi chien tranh bung no va den giai doan quyet li$t Dure md cac cuoc

ta'n cong vao cac n\Xdc Dong, Nam, TSy Au da dung cham dSn quyin loi cua

h, Phap Dac biet la khi Nhat banh triiOng d Thai Binh Duong, khai chifin

i M i , Anh Nhat la khi Nhat danh M i d Tran Chau cang, bugc M l phii

gn chien vOi Nhat, M i cham diJt chinh sach biet lap de tham gia chi§n

nh thg' giOi thuT hai

+ Khi Hong quan Lien X6 lan lirot danh bai phat xit Dufc d Mat tr§n

Lien X6, sau d6 giiip cac n\s6c Dong Au danh bai chu nghla phat xit, liic nay

UU the thuQC ve phe Dong minh da thuc day M i , Anh lien kg't vdi nhau di

chong phat xit manh hem nufa

au 7 : Hay trinh bay ve "tr$t trf mdfi" cua phe True d chSu Au va chau A E m c6 suy nghi gi ve trat tii m6\o ?

Huang ddn trd Idi :

* "Trat tu mcfi" cua phe True :

- d chau Au : Sif thong t r i ciia Dufc Quoc xa da tao ra cai goi la "trat tu

(}i"6-day

+ D6'i vdi cac nude bi chiem d6ng, DUc thong t r i hkng bao luc va khung

Hit-le thuc hi$n chinh sach phan biet chung toe cue ki tan bao

+ Doi vdi ngUcJi Do Thai, Hit-le danh cho "giai phap cuoi cung" nghia la

'eu diet toan bo

- 6 chau A : Nhat Ban tuyen bo "Khu vufc thinh vuong chung Dai Dong A"

di khau hieu "Chau A cua ngUcJi chau A" Nhung Nhat thiet lap d day ach

o'ng t r i tan bao va khung bo

* Suy nghi :

- Bay la mgt trat tU gi§'t ngUOi cua phat xit DUc va Nhat Chung da dung

oi cue hinh de tieu diet con ngUOi, nha't la dan Do Thai

- Trat tu nay da gay cam phSn cho nhan loai va d6 la can nguy&n dSn dSn

ong trao da'u tranh chong phat xit dien ra manh me, quyet li^t d nhieu nUdc

au 8 : Phong trao khang chien d nhil^g niidc hi phat xit chiem

ng d i l n bien ra sao ?

Huang ddn trd lai :

- Tai Phap, Dang Cong san va nhieu to chUc khie da thanh lap lUc luong ang chien trong nUdc <

- Tai Nam Tu, phong trao khang chien ciia Dang Cpng sin diln ra manh me

- Tai Ba Lan, Dang Cpng san thanh lap "Quan dpi nhan dan", "Quan dpi ong nUdc" d^ chong phat xit I

- Tai Lien X6, chien tranh du kich trong viing bi dich chiem da lam rung ^

uyen hau phuong quan dpi DUc ,.i

163

- Phong trko khdng chi§n d D6ng Nam A cung len cao, nhat Ik d Trung

QuS'c, Viet Nam, Phi-lip-pin, Ma Lai, Mien Dien

Cau 9 : Di^a vao Ivlcfc do, tvCifng thu^t diin bien cua tr^in phan cong

Xta-lin-grat

*Hudng d&n trd Idi :

DiTa v^o luot do trong sdch gi±o khoa, cac em tu tim hieu tran phan cong

Xta-lin-grat d Lien X6, sau d6 chot lai laKy y :

- Tran phan cong tai Xta-lin-gr^t (tiT thdng 11 - 1942 d§n thdng 2 - 1943)

cua quan dpi Lien X6 da tao nen budc ngoat cua cu6c chien tranh the gidi

- Trong tr$n ddnh vi dai nay Hong qufin Lien X6 da tan c6ng, bao vay,

chia cdt de tidli diet vk hit song tokn bo dpi quan tinh nhu§ cua Dufc gom 33

van ngUdi do Thong che Pao-liit chi huy

- Tif day Lien X6 va phe Dong minh chuyin sang tan cong dong loat tren

cdc mat tran ,

Cau 10 : Hay tvCdng thu^t di&n bien cupc do bp vao No6c-mang-di va

n&u y nghia cua vi?c md m$t tr^n thuT hai d TSy Au

*Hudng ddn trd led :

- Diin bien:

+ CuQc d6 bo vao No6c-mang-di (B^c Phap) tif ngay 6 - 6 - 1944 cua lien

quan Ml - Anh va Dong minh md "Mat tran thuf hai"

+ Quan do bO tig'n vao nUdc Phap Ngay 15 - 8 - 1944, quan Ml va quan

Phap Tu do lai do bo or Pro-vang-xcf (Nam Phap) Hai each quan nay duoi

quan Diirc ve bien gidi Life lifong khang chig'n trong nifdc Phap cung noi day

khdi nghia, gi^i phdng nhieu vung rong Idn, lam chu Thu do Canh quan Mi

cua Tifdng Pat-tOn tien vao Pa-ri ngay 25 - 8 Chinh phii Lam thcJi Phap do

tudng DcfGon diJng dau difgrc thanh lap, chinh quyen Pe-tanh bi giai tan

Toan bo nifdc Phap duoc giai phong vao thang 9 - 1944 Tiep theo dd quan

Dong minh do bp tien vao giai phong cac nUdc Phap, Bi, Ha Lan va chuan bi

ta'n cong nifdc Dure

- Y nghia cua viec md mat trdn thii hai :

+ Day la boat dOng quan sif Idn nha't cua Mi, Anh tren chien trif&ng chau

Au

+ ThI hi$n diing sif thoa thufin ciia ba mfdc Lilji Xq, Mi, Anh trong vi§c

quyet tam tigu diet chu nghia phat xit

+ The hi$n sure manh va sif lien ket cua cac mfdc Dong minh chong phat

xit, diJng dau la Lien X6, Mi, Anh

+ Dly Dure lam vao tinh the nguy ngap, bupc Diifc phai chig'n dau cimg

mot liic tren ck hai mat tran phia D6ng va phia Tay

164

Cau 11 : Cu$c phan cong cua quan D6ng minh trong giai doan cuo'i cua chien tranh (ttf thang 6 - 1944 den thang 8 - 1945) de danh b^i Nh$t Ban diin ra nhuT the nao ?

*Hudng d&n trd Idi :

- d mat tran Thai Bihh DiXcfng, tif nam 1944, lien quan Mi - Anh da triln

V khai cac CUQC tan cong danh chi§m Mien Di§n va qu^n ddo Phi-lip-pin Quan

Ml tang cifdng uy hiep, danh pha cac thanh pho Idn cua mfdc Nhat b&ng kh6ng quin

- Ngay 6 - 8 - 1945, Mi m6m quS bom nguy§n tuf ddu tien xuong thanh pho Hi-ro-si-ma Ngay 8 - 8 , Li§n X6 tuy§n chien vdi Nhat va ta'n cong dao quan quan D6ng d Man Chau Ngay 9 - 8, Mi n6m tiep qud bom nguyen til

thur hai huy di^t thanh pho Na-ga-xa-ki Ngay 15 - 8 , Nhat BSn cha'p nhan diu hang khdng dilu ki§n Chien tranh th§' gidi thiJ hai ket thuc

cau 12 : Neu ket cue v^ anh hufdng cua ChiSn tranh th6' gidri thtf hai

*Hudng ddn trd lai :

- Chien tranh thg" gidi thiJ hai kg't thiic vdi sif sup do hoan toan cua chu

nghia phdt xit Dure, I-ta-li-a va Nh$t BAn Thing lori vi dai thuOc v4 cac dan

t$c tren th^ gidi da ki#n cifdng chidn da'u ch6'ng chu nghia phat xit Trong

CUQC chien Mu Ky, ba cif&ng quoc Lien X6, Mi, Anh la life lifctog try c^t, giC vai trd quyg't dinh trong vi#c tigu diet chu nghia phdt xit

^ - Anh hudng cua chien tranh la v6 cung nang ni doi vdi nhan loai Hon 70

qu6c gia vdi 1700 tri$u ngudi da bi 16i cuon vao v6ng chi§n, kho^ng 60 trieu ngudi ehet, 90 tri^u ngudi bi tan phg'

y, - Chien tranh k§'t thiic da dSn d§n nhuCng bi§n doi can bSn cua tinh hinh

; the gidi

111 CAU H6I VA BAI TAP B6 SUNG

' Ciu 1 : Nhihig boat d$ng chuan bi tiSn t^i g&y chiSn tranh cua phat

i xit Diifc, I-ta-li-a va Nh^t Ban

1^ Hudng d&n trd led :

I - TU cuoc khung hoang kinh te (1929 - 1933), cac nUdc phdt xit DUc,

I-ta-i-a va Nhat BSn da lidn kg't vdi nhau thanh Li6n minh phat xit, c5n duoc goi

k true Bee-lin - R6-ma - T6-ki-6 Khoi nay vUa chong lai Quoc tg' Cong sdn,

IriJa gay chig'n tranh chia lai the gidi

f - Trong boi cdnh d6, cdc cUdng quoc tU hka vk Li§n X6 lai khSng cd dudng

61 hanh dpng chung Cac nUde phat xit da Id dung tinh hinh dd d^ thUc hien )tnuc tieu gay ehifin tranh xam luoc cua minh

- TrUde het Hit-le quyet dinh sap nhap Ao vao nude Ddc, r6i tiSn hanh

f xam luoc cac nUdc khae Tiep dd, Hit-le yeu edu chinh phu Ti^p Khie ehuyin

giao xU Xuy-d^t cho ngUdi DUc

- Ngay 29 - 9 - 1938, Hpi nghi Muy-nich dUOc tri^u t§p vdi sU tham gia cua ngudi dUng d^u cdc chinh phu Anh, Phap, DUc va I-ta-li-a Mot hi$p dinh

da ducfc k i ket, theo do Anh, Phdp trao.vung Xuy-d6t cua Ti$p Kh^c cho Dufc

di ddi lay s\X cam ket cua Hit-le ve vi$c cham durt moi cuoc thon tinh 6 chau

Au Dai bi§'u Tiep Kh^c dUdc mdi den Muy-nich chi di ti§p nhan v^ t h i hanh

hi§p dinh

- Sau khi chiem Xuy-det, Hit-le thon tinh to^n bp Ti$p Khdc (thdng 3

- 1939) Khong diftig lai d do, Hit-le bdt diu gay han vk chuin hi tien h&nh

chien tranh vdi Ba Lan

CSu 2: D i l n bien chfnh cua Chien tranh the gi«Ji thtf hai tiif nSm 1939

den mua he 1941

* Hiidng ddn trd Idi :

- Rang sdng ng^y 1 - 9 - 1939 quan doi Diic tan cong Ba Lan Hai ng^y

sau, Anh Phdp bu^c phai tuyen chig'n vdi Dufc Chien tranh the gidi thiif

hai b^t dau Vdi uu the tuyet doi ve siJc manh, qufin DiJc kp dung chi§n luac

"Chien tranh chdp nho^ng" v^ chiem ductc Ba Lan sau gan m6t thing

- Lien quan Anh - Phdp dkn trSn doc bien gidi phia tky niXdc BUc, nhiftig

khong ta'n cong Diic

- Lien X6 tien hanh mot so boat dpng quan sif va chinh t r i de gi^nh lai

lanh thd cua Nga cu

- T h i n g 4 -1940, qufin Dijfc chuyen hudng t i n cong tii phia dong sang

phia tky, chiem hau het cdc nUdc tif ban cMu Au nhir Dan Mach, Na Uy, Bi,

Uk Lan, Liic-xam-bua vk d i n h t h i n g wko nurdc Phdp

- T h i n g 9 - 1940, n h i m ciing cd khoi lien minh p h i t xit, Hiep Udc Tam

cudng Dure ~ I-ta-li-a - N h i t B i n dufoc ki ket tai B6c-lin, thifa nh$n suT thong

tri cua Dure v i I-ta-li-a or chau Au

- Tii t h i n g 10 - 1940, Hit-le chuydn sang thdn tinh cic nifdc Dong v i Nam

chiu Au Cic nude Ru-ma-ni, Hung-ga-ri, Bun-ga-ri trS t h i n h chiT hau cua

Dure v i bi quin Diic chi^'m dong Bkng vQ life, quan Dufc v i I-ta-li-a thdn tinh

Nam Tu v i H i Lap Den miia hb n i m 1941, phe p h i t xit da thong t r i p h i n

Idn chiu Au, ^

CSu 3 : Chifi'n s\i taii B^c Phi gdn vdi so ph0n cua p h i t xit I-ta-li-a

nhii the'nao ?

* Hu&ng ddn trd lai :

- Ngay tif t h i n g 9 - 1940 quin dpi I-ta-li-a da tan cdng;Ai Cap Cugc chien

d day dien ra trong the gikng co, khong p h i n th^nfe|)ai iiCa lien quin DiJc

- I-ta-li-a vdi lien quin Anh - M i

- Thing 10 - 1942, lien quan Anh - MI g i i n h thdng Icfi trong tran En

A-la-men (Ai C^p), g i i n h lai itu thd d Bic Phi v i chuyin sang p h i n cdng tren

toin m i t t r i n

- Tidp dd Dong minh chidm dio Xi-xi-li-a (7 - 1943), chinh phu p h i t

xit I-ta-li-a bi l^t dd, phai k i ket d^u h i n g Dong minh (3 - 9 - 1943)

Cau 4 : Chu nghia phat x i t Dtfc lan lu-rft b i dianh bai nhuf the nao ?

- Sau khi di.y lui quan dpi Ddc ra khdi lanh thd, tif t h i n g 7 - 1944 ddn

t h i n g 10 - 1944, Hong qu^n Lien Xo tidn quin vio Ddng Au, giiip n h i n d i n

Dong Au ti§u di^t phdt xit Ddc, giai phdng h i n g loat ckc nude Ddng Au

- Tif thdng 1 - 1945, Hong quan Lien Xd cung b^t dau eu9c t i n cdng nude Ddc 6 m i t t r i n phia Ddng

- Thing 2 - 1945, d mat t r i n phia t i y M i - Anh v i cic nUde Ddng minh khie vugt song Ranh t r i n vio nUdc DUc

- Tif 1 6 - 4 ddn 2 - 5 - 1945, Hdng quin Lien X6 da d i p tan sU k h i n g cu

eiia quin ph^t xit DuTc Ng&y 9 - 5 - 1945, Ddc ki hiep dinh d^u h i n g khong

didu kign Chien tranh cham dijTt d chiu Au

C a u 5 : Phat xit Nh$t g i y chien va bi th^t bai d m§t tr^n chau A

-T h i i Binh Dvforng nhi^ th€' nao ?

* Hudng d&n trd Idi :

- Ngiy 7 - 12 - 1941, quin N h i t ba^ ngd tan cdng T r i n Chiu cing - cin

cd" h i i quin chii ydu cua Mi 8 T h i i Binh Duong Ham dpi M i bi thipt h^i

n i n g ne Cung luc dd, K h i t dd bp d Nam T h i i Binh Ducmg v i B^c M i Lai

N h i t t u y e n chien vdi M i - Anh

- K h i chidn tranh T h i i Binh Ducfng bimg no, Nhat tien h i n h d i n h chidm

khu vifc Ddng Nam A : Chidm T h i i Lan, Ma Lai, Xin-ga-po

- Ddn n i m 1942, N h i t da b i n h trUdng td'i da d D6ng A, Dong Nam A v i

Tay T h i i Binh Duong

- d m i t t r i n T h i i Binh Ducfng, tif n i m 1944, lien quin M i - Anh d i trien

khai cic cuOc t i n cdng d^nh chidm Mien Dipn v i quin dao Phi-lip-pin QuSn

M i t i n g cudng uy h^dp, d i n h ph^ cic th^nh phd Idn cua nude N h i t b^ng khdng quin

- Ngiy 6 - 8 - 1945, M i n6m qui bom nguy§n tuf ddu ti§n xudng t h i n h phd Hi-rd-si-ma Ng^y 8 - 8 , Lien Xd tuySn chien vdi N h i t v^ t i n cdng dao quan

Quan Ddng d M i n Chiu Ngiy 9 - 8, M i n6m tiep qui bom nguy §n tiJf thd hai

hiiy dipt t h i n h phd Na-ga-xa-ki Ngiy 15-8, N h i t Ban chip n h i n dAu h i n g

khdng dieu kign Chien tranh the gidi thu hai kdt thuc

C a u 6 : L ^ p b a n g thong k e d i l n big'n c h i n h ciia C h i e n t r a n h t h ^

gidfi thi? h a i

* Hadng ddn trd Idi :

Tif 1 - 9 - 1 9 3 9

den diu nam 1943

- B^ng chig'n thu$t chfip nho^ng, phat xit OiJc d^nh chie'm hau het chSu Au IMgay 22 - 6 -1941, phdt xft Oac t^n c6ng U§n X6 tig'n vao lanh th6 X6vi§'t

- d Thdi Binh DiiOng Ng^y 7 - 12 -1941, Nh^t BSn ta'n cOng

hgm dOi MT & Iran ChSu cSng Quan Nhat chiem to^n bO D6ng Nam A va mOt s6'd^o Thai Btnh Duong

- 6 Bdc Phi, thang 9 -1940, quSn I-ta-li-a ta'n c6ng Ai C9p

Chig'n tranh Ian rfing khdp thg' gidi

- Thang 1 -1942 Mat tr^n D8ng minh chSng phat xit th^nh l§p

Tif d^u nam 1943

dg'n thang 8 -1945

- Tr^n phSn c6ng cua quSn dOi Lign x6 6 Xta-lin-grat (2 -1943)

da tgo ra bu6c ngoat cua chig'n tranh thg' gi6i, H6ng quSn Lign x5

va quan 06ng minh chuyen sang phdn c6ng kh^p cac m$t tran

- M^t tr§n X6-0ijfc: dg'n cuoi 1944 H6ng quan Lign x6 qugt s?ch quan Dite kh6i lanh th6 X6 vig't Trgn ducing truy kich phat xit Di/c, Hong quart giup d9 nhan dan cac nu6c D6ng Au lat dd ach th^ng trj phat xit;

- Mat tran Bk Phi: quan Anh, MT ta'n cOng m?nh mg, thang

5-1943, quan Dufc va I-ta-li-a ph^i hg vu khi

- M$t tr$n Tay Au: ngay 6 - 6 -1944, quan Anh, MT dd b$ Ign

mign Bdc nifi5c Phap, m6 Mat tr|n thif hai

- Sau thSng l(?i cua H6ng quan Lign x6 6 chi^n d.ich c6ng pha Bec-lin, ngay 9 - 5 -1945, chinh phu mfii cua DQc diu hang khOng digu ki$n Chig'n tranh k^t thuc 6 chau Au

- M^t tran chau A -Thai Binh Duong, H6ng quan Lign x6 danh

tan dgo quan Quan 06ng cua Nhat; ngay 6 va 9 - 8 MT thS hai quS bom nguygn tii xufi'ng Nh§t B^n lam chat hon 20 van ngudi

- Ngay 15 - 8 -1945, Nh$t Bdn dau hang khflng digu kign

Chjgn tranh thg" gi6i thU hai kg't thuc

Cau 7 : L$p nidn bi#'u nhihig sijf ki^n chfnh cua ChfS'n tranh th6' gidri

6 - 6 - 1 9 4 4 Anh-MT dd bO vao Bdc Phap

9 - 5 - 1 9 4 5 Phat xit DiJc diu hang

1 4 - 8 - 1 9 4 5 Nh§t dau hang Ddng minh, chig'n tranh kg't thuc

€au 8 : Nguyen nhftn bung no Chien tranh the gidi thiir hai So'vdri iChi^n tranh the' gidi tfauT nhS't c6 diem gi giong va khdc nhau ?

* Hudng ddn trd Idi : ' - Nguyen nh&n : + Mku thuSn ve quyen Icfi giffa cdc nifdc de quoc sau ChiSn tranh the gidi

thii nha't lai tiep tuc nay sinh

^ + CuOc khung hoang kinh tg' 1929 -1933 da dfin den sU ra ddi l^n

cim quyIn cua chfl nghia phdt xit d Dufc, I-ta-li-a NhSt Ban nhkm gay

chig'n tranh dl chia lai th§' gidi

I -I- Chinh sdch thod hi$p, "dung duQng" cua cdc node phiftjng Tay da tao dilu ki$n cho bon phat xit phat dpng chig'n tranh

+ cac nifdc dg' qu6'c hinh thanh hai khoi d6'i lap nhau

- Di&^m gid'ng nhau : Ck hai cuoc chie'n tranh deu nhkm gidi quyg't mau

thuSn giiJa cdc nitdc de' quoc ve van de thi trUdng va thuOc dia

- Diim khdc nhau : Chie'n tranh the" gidi thuf hai c6n nh^m giai quye't mau

thuan giCa cac nUdc de' quoc vdi Lien X6, nha nUdc xa hoi chu nghia ddu tien trgn the" gidi

Bai 32

6 N T A P L I C H Stf T H E GlCfl HlfiN D A I (1917 -1945)

I cAu H6I, BAI TAP ccf BAN

Cau 1 : Hay liia chon mpt trong so cac suT ki^n lich sijf cof bdn cua

lich avt the giofi hi^n dai (nhOng nfim tuf 1917 den nSm 1945) vk trinh

bay svt ki^n do theo each hieu biet cua minh

* Hudngddn trd Idi :

Hoc sinh c6 the chon mpt hoftc m6t vh\r ki§n tiSu bieu de trd Idi, ch^nf

han nhtf Cach mang thdng Mifdi Nga nam 1917 Sau day la mot so goi y :

- Trinh bay vai net vi cudc each mang thdng Hai nam 1917 :

+ Tong bai c6ng chinh t r i d Pe-to-ro-grdt va khdi ngUa vQ trang l^t do

che do Nga Hoang Ni-c6-laf I I

+ each mang thang Hai da hoan th^nh nhi^m vu each mang dSn chu tu

skn Nhung sau khi each mang th^ng lori, cue dien hai chinh quyIn song song

ton tai d6 la : cac X6 viet cua giai cSp v6 sdn va Chinh phu l§m thW cua giai

cap tu san Nhi$m vu cua cAch mang d Nga la phai chuyen tokn bo chinh

quyen v4 tay cdc Xo viet

- Ti^p do, trinh bay vi c^ch mxing thdng MiCdi Nga ndm 1917 :

+ Neu qud trinh chuygr tuf each mang thdng Hai sang each mang thdng

Mif&i b^ng phifcmg phdp ho i binh vk phtfcfng phap dau tranh vu trang Trong

da'u tranh vu trang, ehii y dg'n sif kifin khdi nghia vu trang d Pe-tcf-ro-grdt,

tan cong Cung di^n Miia Dong, bdt giff Chinh phu Ifim thW tif sdn Cdch

mang th^ng Icri trong cd nufde

+ Thdng loi ciia Cdch mang thdng Muisi c6 y nghia va tdc dung nhir the

nho dd'i v6i niidc Nga va edc nixdc tren th^' gidi

Cau 2 : Trinh bay torn Ut n^i dung chinh cua lich svl th6' gidi hi^n

dai (nhSng nSm tuf nfim 1917 d&'n nfim 1945)

* Hu&ng ddn trd Icri :

- Thdi ki nay da diin ra nhSng chuyin biin quan trong trong nin sdn

xudt vdt chdt eua nhdn loqi r

+ NhOng tien bo ve khoa hpc - ki thudt da thud%ay kinh te thg' gitJi phdt

trien vdi mpt toe dp cao

+ Sif tang trifdng cua kinh tg' the gidi da lam thay ddi ddi song chinh tri

- xa hpi, vdn h6a cua cac qiioc gia, dfin tpc vd the gidi ndi chung

- Chu nghia xa hdi dugc xdc Idp d mdt s6 niide ddu ti&n tren tM gidi, ndm

giUa vong vdy cua chu nghia tu bdn

+ Cfich Kiang bung n6 d Nga trong nftm 1917 : Cdch mang thing Hai lat

d6 che d6 Nga hodng ; Cach mang thang Mudi l$t do Chinh phu Ifim thdi ciia

;tU sdn, di/a n\X6c Nga thanh mpt ntfdc v6 sdn dau ti6n tr§n the gidi

+ Sau Cdch mang thdng Modi, nUdc Nga bode vao thdi ki xay dUng chu lighia xa hoi trong hodn cdnh het sdc kho khan va da dat duoc nhOrng thdnh

tuu to Idn Tif dd Lien X6 trd thanh mot cudng quoc cong nghiep ddng thuf hai

tr§n the gidi vd cd vi t r i quan trong tren trUdng quoc te'

- Phong trdo cdch mang the gidi budc sang mot thai ki phdt trien mdi tic sau thdng Igi cua Cdch mang thdng Mucd Nga vd sU kit thuc cudc ChiS'n tranh the gidi thit nhdt

+ Cao trao each mang 1918 - 1923; Quoc t§' Cdng sdn ra ddi

+ Phong trao cdch mang trong nhffng ndm khiing hoang kinh te (1929 - 1933)

+ Mat tran nhan dan chdng phat xit, chong chig'n tranh (1936

-1939)

+ CuQC ddu tranh chong phdt xit trong Chien tranh thg' gidi thu" hai (1939 - 1945)

'j - Chu nghia tU bdn khong con Id hi thdng duy nhdt tren the gidi vd

trdi qua nhUng biidc phdt trien thdng tram ddy bien ddng

+ Trong 10 ndm (1919 - 1929), cac nude tif ban tCfng biXic 6n djnh

+ Trong 10 ndm (1929 - 1939), edc nUdc tU ban lam vdo tinh trang khung hoang

+ Cdc nude Ddc, I-ta-li-a, Nhdt Ban giai quyg't khung hoang bkng cdch phdt xit hod b^ mdy nhd nude, di den gay Chien tranh the gidi thu" hai

- Chid'n tranh thi giai thit hai (1939 -1945) Id cudc chiin tranh Idn nhdt, khdc liet nhdt vd tan phd ndng ni nhdt tronp lich su' nhdn hai

+ Cdc qu6'c gia cd chg' dO chinh t r i khdc nhau da phd'i hdp trong khdi Dong minh chdng phdt xit

+ L i ^ n X6, M l , Anh ddng vai tro quan trong trong vide ddnh bai chu nghia phdt xit, ket thiic chi^'n tranh

C&u 3 : N6u mOt vi du ve m6'i lien h^ giiJa lich si5f th6' gi<Ji vk iich HVI Vi^t Nam trong nhiXng n&m 1917 - 1945 ma em biet

* Hudng ddn trd l&i : C6 nhieu sU ki?n lich suf the gidi c6 mdi quan h? vdi lich sijf Vi§t Nam trong

thdi ki 1917 - 1945, d day chung ta c6 t h i chpn m^t sU ki?n dd Ik vi^c thanh Idp Mat trdn nhdn ddii Phdp vd Mat trdn Dan chu Dong DUcmg (1936 - 1939)

- Bi gidi qtiy§'t khung hodng kinh t§' (1929 - 1933), cdc nUcJc DiJc, I-ta-li-a

vk Nhat Bdn da tie'n h^nh phat xit hod bp mdy nhk nudc, chu^n bi gay chien

t r a n h thg' gidi

- Trudc nguy cor chi§n t r a n h the gidi thur hai bung no, Qu5c te Cgng san da

chu trufcfng cho cdc nUdc phai t h ^ n h lap Mat t r ^ n N h a n dan d ^ chCng chu

nghia phat xit, ch6ng chifin tranh, bao v$ hoa binh

- Thuc hien chii trirang cua Quoc tfi' C^ng s a n , Mat t r a n N h a n dan l l n lucft

dMc thanh lap d cAc nude nhu Trung Quoc, Tay Ban Nha va Phap Dac bi^t,

tai Phap vao n a m 1936, Mat tran N h a n dan Phap gianh t h ^ n g lori trong CUQC

Tong t u y i n cuf va len n ^ m chinh q u y i n d Phap Sau k h i n d m chinh q u y i n

Mat t r a n N h a n dan Phap d l r a mOt so chinh sach c6 loi cho cac niXdc thu^c

dia nhtr : thifc hi$n cac quyen tif do dan chu va an xa t i i chinh t r i cho cac

nude thuoc dia

- Lcri dung t i n h h i n h d6, Ddng Cong sdn D6ng Difcrng phat dong qudn

C h u n g thuc hien cu6c van dgng dan chu trong nhOmg nam 1936 - 1939.\Trong

cuoc v$n dpng nay, Dang Cong san Dong Duong da thanh lap M a t t r a n D a n

chu D6ng Ducfng d ^ doan ket cac life liTcfng y§u nifdc da'u t r a n h d5i cac quyen

t u do dan chu, ccfm ao, hoa binh

C&u 4 : Tim hi^u ti^'u s«f mpt s6' nhfin v^kt lich svl thu^c thdi ki lich

STjf nay

* Hicdng ddn trd led :

- Ti§u sur cua M G a n - d i (1869 - 1948) '

M Gan-di, nha yeu nufdc A n Dp, diforc suy ton l a Ma-hat-ma, c6 nghia la

"Tam hon v l dai" N h a n dan goi ong la Thanh - M Gan-di l a lanh tu Dang

Quoc dai, ngirdi lanh dao phong trao gidi phdng dan toe d A n D Q theo diTdng

lo'i bao dgng, bat h d p tac

Sinh r a trong mpt gia dinh k h d gid d Tay A n Dp, 6ng t6t nghi^p dai hoc

Luat d A n h , sau d6 lam c6' van phap luat cho mpt c6ng ti d N a m Phi, t h a m

gia nhOng boat dong chong chg' dp phan bipt chung tOc va chu nghia thiTc dan

Ddu nam 1915 ong ve niTdc, van dpng cupc daii tranh chong thiTc dan A n h Ong

bi thuc dan A n h b^t giam hai l l n vao cac nam 1922 va 1930 Sau k h i A n Dp

duac tra irk dpc lap (15 - 8 - 1947) M Gan-di da tigp tuc d^u tranh ngan chan

cupc chig'n tranh huynh dp ttfomg tan giOfa ngUdi H6i gi^o va A n Dp giao Ngay

30 - 1 - 1948, M Gan- di bi mpt p h i n tuT phan dpng sat hai

- T i l u sur cua Xu-cac-n6 (1901 - 1970), lanh tu phong trao giai phdng dan

tOc Ih-d6-n§-xi-a

Xu-eac-n6 sinh ngay 6 - 6 - 1901 tai Bli-ta thanh ph6' Sa-ra-bay-a thupe

Dong Gia-va, con mpt nha giao Ong tot nghi^p dai hoc y khoa N a m 1927,

ong sdng lap D^ng Dan chu In-d6-n§-xi-a Vdi tir each chu tich DSng, Xu-cac-no

n h i i u l i n tuyen bo d6i thuc dan Ha Lan trao tra dpc lap cho In-do-ne-xi-a

Cuoi nam 1929, Xu-cac-no va cac nha l a n h dao D i n g Dan t6c b i chinh quyen thuc dan b ^ t giam Thang 8 - 1930, thuc dan Ha Lan md phien toa x6t xuf

Xu-cae-n6 V d i tai hung bi§n, ong da tU bao chUa trudc toa bkng bai phat bieu n6i tiS'ng "In-d6-n§-xi-a t6' cao", l§n an tpi ac va su thong t r i cua thuc dan Ha

Lan Bat cha'p du luan phan doi trong va ngoai nude, chinh quyen thue dan ket

an Xu-cac-no 4 nam tu giam Do cu^c dau tranh cua nhan dan In-d6-ne-xi-a va

ban be quoc te, ngay 3 1 - 12 - 1931, ong dupe r a tu trude thdi han va ti§p tuc lanh dao phong trao dpc lap dan tpc d In-d6-ne-xi-a

Thang 8 - 1933, Xu-cac-no b i thuc dan H a Lan hit vh luu d l y t a i dao

Ke-xin, sau dd l a ddo Ben-cu-len

Xucacno la Tong thong dau ti§n cua nUde COng hoa Indonexia (1945 1965) Ong l a nha boat dpng chinh t r i , lanh t u xua't s^c cua phong trao giai

-phong dan tpc In-do-ne-xi-a

-T6ng bai cOng chinh trj 6 Pe-to-r6-grat

-Kh6i nghTa vu trang

-Nga Hocing thoai vj

- Lat do chg' dp Nga hoang

- Hai chinh quyen song song t6n tgi

- Cach mgng dan chu tu sSn l<i§'u mfii

10 -1917

C^ch mgng xa hoi chu nghTa thang Mucji thSng loi

Kh6i nghTa vu trang cj P§-tc!-rO-grat, t^n c6ng Cung dien Mua 06ng

Thanh lap chinh quy§n X6 vig't Nga Tac dyng to Ifln den phong trao each manq th§' gifli

1918 -1921 CuOc dS'u tranh xSy di/ng bcio vg

chinh quyen X6 ^ vi§'t

Xay di/ng nha nu6c m6i, dap tan b6 miy nha nuflc cu, danh thdng thu trong, gi§c ngoai

Bao ve thanh qua Cach mang thang IVlucJi Nga, giO chinh quyen X6 vi§'t, dSp

tan am miiu chQ'ng pha

each m^ing

1921 -1941 Lien X6 xSychu nghTa xa hpi di^ng

C6ng nghi§p hoa

XHCN, tap the hoa

n6ng nghi^p, thi^c hien

hai V& hogch 5 nSm

TCf nifflc nOng nghigp lac hau trS thanh cudng quO'c cong nghiip Dgt duoc nhSna thanh t^u to I6n

173

C S u 2: C a c su! k i ^ n c h i n h ciia c a c nuftSe tU b a n c h u ngha tiif n&in 1918

Cao trao each mgng 6

chau Au Khung hoang

11 -1918aDiJc

Cac Dang COng sin va Qu6c tg' COng sin thanh i$p vi lanh dgo phong trio

1924 - 1929 Thdi kl 6'n d.nh va

tang truSng cua CNTB

San xuat tang tru&ng nhanh Phong trao c6ng nhan tgm thcJi l^ng xu6ng

Kinh tg' phit trign, tinh hinh chinh tri 6'n djnh

1929 - 1933 Khung ho^ng kinh te

trong thg' gidi TBCN

*

Kinh tg' suy sgp, cong nghi^p dinh d6'n, tai chinh h5n logn

Thi't nghigp ting cao, mat 6n djnh chinh trj, miu thuin xa hOi gay git

Khung hoing chinh tri

1933 -1939 Cac ni/6c tU bin tim

cich thoSt kh6i

khung hoSng

- C§i each kinh tg', xa

hOi, tieu bieu Ici chinh

sach m6i cua Ml

- Phat xtt hoa gSy chig'n tranh x^m lU0c (Difc, l-ta-li-a, Nh^t)

Vucit qua khung hoing, kinh tg' phye h6i vi tig'p tgc phit trig'n

Nguy CO chig'n tranh,

xui't hign ba 16 lilfa chien tranh thg' gi6i

Phong trao giai phong

din tpc len cao sau

Chien tranh the' gi6i thif

nha't

- Phong trao din tpc ti/

sdn c6 bi/dc tig'n mar

td Chile, phgm vi

- Xua't hi^n xu hu6ng v6 san

Giai cS'p ta sdn ndm IS'y quy^n lanh dgo phong trio cich mgng mOt s6' ni/6c

Cic Ding Cgng san thanh lip

Thip

ni§n 30

Phong trao M3t trin

Nhan din chS'ng phat

xit, chong chien tranh

Thanh lip iVIit train Din tgc chong phat xit

H(?p tic giOa cac Ding Cong san va cac da/ig phaikhic

Tgp hpp d6ng dio cac lye liicing each mang

Cic Dang Cong san tri/6ng thanh

1939-1945 Chig'n tranh thg' gifli thir

hai

D\h ra kh^p cac mSt trgn

Tay Au, X6 - OOc, B^c Phi, chiu A - Thii Blnh Daong, 72 nadc trong tinh trgng chig'n tranh,

Chu nghTa phit xit thi't bgi 06ng minh thclng loi

Lim thay d6i cin ban cgc di^n thg' gi6i

C a u 4 : L ^ p b a n g thd'ng k e theo m S u s a u d a y ve nhiTng sit k i # n c h i n h

c u a l i c h sijf the gidi (1917 - 1945)

Thdi gian SI; kign (a) Kg't qui (b)

mOc Nqa - Lign X6

Thing 2-1917

7 - 1 1 -1917 1918-1920

11921 -1941 Cie na6c khie 1918-1923

1 a C M dan chu tif sdn Nga th^ng Idi

b Lat d6 che dp Nga ho^ng, 2 chinh quyen song song ton tai

2 a Cdch mang xa hoi chij nghia thang MiM Nga th^ng lai

b + L4t d6 Chinh phu l&m thdi tvY san

+ Th^nh lap nude COng h5a X6 ^'let va Chinh phii X6 viet

+ X o i bo ch§' dp ngu'cfi b6c lot ngifdi

I 3 a Cupc daf'i tranh xay diTng bao vf chinh quyen X6 viet

b Xay diftig h^ thong chinh tri, n h ^ nifdc mdi, ddnh th^ng thu trong giac ngoii

4 a Lien X6 xSy diftig chii nghia xa hoi

b Con^ asfhi^p hod xa hpi chu nghia, tap the h6a nong nghiep

6, a Cao ttko each mang d chau Au, chau A

b Bacg Cpng San th^nh ISp, Quo'^c te Cong san ra dcfi

6 a Thc(i ki on dinh va phdt trien cua chu nghia tuf ban

b Sinn xuat cong nghif p phdt trien nhanh chong, chinh tri on dinh

7 a Cuoc khung hodng kinh te no ra d Ml va Ian kh^p cdc nUdc tu ban

b Kinh te giam sut nghiem trong, chinh tri khung hoang

8 a Cdc nude tU ban tim cdch thoat khoi khung hoang

b Kh6'i DiJc, I-ta-li-a, Nhait, phdt xit hoa che do chinh tri chu^n bi chien tranh

+ Khd'i Anh, Phdp, Mi thufc hien cai cdch kinh te chinh tri, duy tri che

iidQ dan chu tu sAn

I

9 a Chi§n tranh th§' gidfi thuT hai

b 72 nifdrc trong tinh trang chie'n tranh Phe phdt xit that bai, thing l<?i

thuQC v l Li§n X6, cdc nxidc Dong minh vk nhdn loai tig'n bp trdn th§' gidi

Cau 5 : Trong so cac sijf ki^n lich svC tvl 1917 den nam 1945, em hay chpn

5 sijf ki$n tieu bieu nhat va neu If do vi sao em chpn svt ki$n do

*HiCdng ddn trd led :

- Ndm stC ki$n tiiu bieu nhdt:

1 Cdch mang XHCN thdng MuM Nga nam 1917

2 Cao tr^o Cdch mang d chau Au 1918 - 1923

3 Phong tr^o d^c lap dan tpc d chau A

4 Cuoc khung hodng kinh te the gidi 1929 - 1933

5 Chien tranh the' gidi thuf hai

- Li do:

1 Cdch mang xa hoi chu nghia thdng Mudi Nga, Ian dau tien chu nghia xa

hOi da trd th^nh hien thurc d m6t nUdc, n6 md ra mpt thdi k i mdi trong lich

suf cua nhan loai : doc lap dfin toe g^n lien chu nghia xa hoi

2 Cao tr^o cdch mang 1918 - 1923 c6 budc chuyen bien mdi : giai cdp cong

nhan trudng th^nh, nhieu Dang Cpng san ra ddi, dan tdi Quoc te Cpng ska

thanh lap, lanh dao phong trao cdch mang di theo con dudng Cdch mang

thiing Mudi

3 Phong tr^o dpc lap dan tpc d cdc nUdc thupc dia phu thupc 1^ ddn tfin

cong vko tu ban chu nghia, trong phong tr^o dd, giai cS'p v6 san trudng th^nh

tham gia lanh dao phong tr^o

4 Cupc khung hoang kinh te the gidi 1929 - 1933 dfiy cAc nUdc tif hka vko

cuoc khung hoang chua tiftig cd dSn den hau qua chu nghia phdt xit th^ng

the day nhan loai dufng trudc nguy ca mot cupc chie'n tranh mdi

5 Chien tranh the gidi thuf hai (1939 - 1945) la cupc chien tranh gay ra

nhOfng ton thS't khiing khiep nhfi't trong lich sd nhan loai, ket thuc m^t thdi

ki phat t r i l n cua lich sut the gidi hi§n dai

- Trudc khi thuc dan Phap xam lupc, Viet Nam 1^ nUdc dpc lap, kinh te cd

nhCng budc phkt trien, nhung da bpc 16 nhiJng suy yeu

- Thdi nha Nguyin, kinh te cong, ndng, thucfng nghiep sa siit Nhk Nguyin

thuc hien dudng Idi do'i ngoai thien can khien cho Viet Nam bi c6 lap

- Ddi song nhan dan gap nhieu khd khan, nhieu cupc khdi nghia no ra

- Kha nang phong thu dat nudc giam siit, qudc phdng ySu kem da anh

hudng true ti§p den viec chdng lai su xam lupc cua tu bdn phu-^ng Tky

Cau 2 : Nguyen nhan nao thtic day cac nuTdc phiToTng Tay xam Ixidc

phtfoTng Dong the ki XIX ? Tinh the cua Vi$t Nam trong bci canh do

* Huang ddn trd lai :

- Nguyen nhan : ,

+ Yko the k i XIX, nen kinh te cong nghiep cua ckc nUdc phuong TSy

phat trien manh, dat ra nhu cau thi trUdng, nguyen ligu, nhan cong de dap

ufng yeu cau phat trien dd

+ d phucfng Dong, ncfi cd dat rdng, ngudi dong, nhat la An Dp va Trung

Quoc, lai giau tai nguyen thien nhien Phuong Dong da trd thanh mieng moi beo bd cho cac nUdc phudng Tay

- Tinh the Viet Nam ;

+ Trong khi cac nUdc phucfng Tay xam lupc phucfng Dorig, Viet Nam cung khong tranh khoi bi ddm ngd, vi Viet Nam cung c6 nhiJng dac diem gio'ng vdi cac nude phuong Dong

+ Tren thifc t§', trong cu6c chay dua giufa cac the lue tu ban chii nghia

phucfng Tay, tU ban Phap da bam sau vao Viet Nam, roi Ian ludt tien hanh

cupc chien tranh xam lupc Viet Nam

Cau 3 : Hay nhan xet tinh hinh Vi^t Nam trufdrc khi b l ihu'c dSn Phap xam luftfc

- Kinh t§' ngay c^ng suy yeu, xa hpi chda nhieu mfiu thuSn, tao dieu ki^n

cho phucfng Tay xam lupc Viet Nam