Sau do cac em tham khao ddp an de rut kinh nghiem trong k i t h i sSp tdi nham dat ket qua nhuf mong doi.. Khoi luong hon hop muoi sunfat khan thu di/oc la: A.. Co can dung dich A tron
Trang 1ON LUYEN THI TU TAI, DAI HQC VA CAO DANG
rH(i V!EN TINHBiNH THU-V^
N H A X U A T B A N D A I H Q C Q U O C G I A T P H O C H I M I N H
Trang 2C A C DANG O I E N HINH VA PHl/dNG P H A P GIAI NHANH
Khu pho 6, phirdng Linh Trung, quan Thu Dutc, TP.HCM
So 3 Cong tradng Quoc te, quan 3, TP ROM
D T : 38 239 172, 38 239 170
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Chiu track nhiem xudt bdn
S6' dang ky ke hogch xuat bin: 494-2013/CXB/07-25/DHQGTPHCM
Quyet dinh xuSt bhn so: 333/QD-DHQGTPHCM ngay 21 thang 6 nam 2013 cua Nha
xuat bdn DHQGTPHCM
In t?i Cong ty In Song Nguy6n, n^p lau chilu quy I V nSm 2013
L C l I N(&I D A U
De h6 trg viec hoc tap va on thi TU TAI - DAI HOC - CAO D A N G
hang nam, toi viet cuon sach n^y theo tinh than giiip cac em trang bi
du kien thiJc de tham diT k i thi dat ket qua tot nhat
Ve noi dung cuon sach cd 3 phan:
+ Phan I : Cac dang bai tap dp dung cong thiJc tinh nhanh + Phan I I : Cac phiicfng phap giai bai tap trac nghiem + Phan I I I : Gidi thieu 05 de thi thuf Tu tai va 06 de thi thuf Dai hoc
de cac em thijf siJc minh
Cac de thi thuf mang tinh he thong day du cau hoi l i thuyet va hki
tap Sau do cac em tham khao ddp an de rut kinh nghiem trong k i t h i sSp tdi nham dat ket qua nhuf mong doi Chiing toi hi vong cuon sdch nay la tai lieu tham khao hCJu ich giup cac em ren luyen k i nSng, nang cao kien thiJc cua minh va dat ket qua tot nhat trong k i t h i
TU T A I - DAI HOC - CAO DANG s^p tdi Mac du rat co g^ng de bign
soan nhuhg vdi thcfi gian c6 han chac ch^n van cbn nhufng khiem khuyet Tac gia rat mong nhan dacfc sir gop y xay diTng cua dong nghi?p, doc gid
gan xa de nhufng Ian sau tai ban se duac hokn thien hdn
Xin tran trong cam cfn
Tac gid Nguyen Tuyen Hd
Trang 3T
CACH TiNH NHANH
C a c h tinh nhanh so dong phan ciia:
- Ancol no, dctn chiiCc (C„H2n+20): 2n-2 ( 1 < n < 6)
- Andehit dcfn chvCc, no (CnH2„0): 2n-3 (2< n < 7)
- Axit cacboxylic dcfn chiic, no (C„H2n02): 2n-3 (2< n < 7)
- Este no, dcfn chtic (C„H2„02): 2n-2 (1 < n < 5)
- Ete darn chiic, no (C„H2n+'20): (n-l)(n-2)
Doi vdi hat loai axit tren thi chi phdn ling voi nhUng kim loai diing
trade H trong day hoat d6ng hoa hoc
De tinh khoi luong muoi thu diTcfc thi
•k Dung dich H2SO4: m^^^i sunfat = nihSn h(7p kim loai + 96 n,i^
* Dung dich HCI: nimudi dorua = nihSn hgp kim loai + 71 nj,^
Trang 4B A I T A P A P D U N G
B a i 1: Cho l,04g hon hop hai kim loai tan hoan toan trong dung dich
H2SO4 loang du thodt ra 0,672 Ht khi H 2 (dktc) Khoi luong hon hop
muoi sunfat khan thu di/oc la:
A 3,92g B l,96g C.3,52g D.5,88g
HUdng dan gidi
2 kim loai + H2SO4I hh muoi sunfat + H 2
n „ - - | | f = 0,03(mol)
Ap dung C O n g thufC: mmutfi sunfat = mhSn hap kim lo?i + 96 n„^
= 1,04 + 0,03.96 = 3,92 (gam) Chon dap an A
B a i 2: Hoa tan het 3,53 gam hon hop A gom ba kim loai Mg, Al va Fe
trong dung dich HCl, c6 2,352 l i t khi hidro thoat ra (dktc) va thu daoc
dung dich D Co c a n dung dich D, thu difdc m gam h6n hop muoi
k h a n T r i so ciia m la:
A 12,405 gam B 10,985 gam C 11,195 gam D 7,2575 gam
HU&ng d&n gidi
n H - | ^ = 0,105(mol)
Ap dung cong thuTc: m m u e i doma = nihSn iwp kim loai + 7 1 n„^
= 3,53 + 0,105 71= 10,985 gam Chon ddp 6n B
B a i 3: Hoa t a n hoan to^n 2,17 gam h o n hap 3 kim loai A, B, C trong
dung dich HCl da thu diTOc 2,24 l i t khi H 2 (dktc) va m gam muoi Gia
tri cua m 1^
A 9,27 gam B 5,72 gam C 6,85 gam D 6,48 gam
Hiidng dan gidi
n„ =?^ = 0,l (mol)
22,4
m„us-iciorua = nihSn h;>p kim lo^i + 71 n,,^ = 2,17 + 0,1 71 = 9,27 gam
Chon dap an A
B a i 4: Bok tan 1,19 gam hSn hop A gom Al, Zn b&ng dung dich HCl viTa
du thu difoc dung dich X vk V lit khi Y (dktc) Co can dung dich X
di/oc 4,03 gam muoi khan Gia t r i cua V 1^ ,
A 0,224 lit B 0,448 lit C 0,896 lit D 1,792 lit
Hii&ng dan gidi
Ap dung cong thiJc: m^ua-i ciorua = nihSn hap kim loai + 71 n^^
4,03-1,19 r^r^A ^ ^^
nji^ = ^ ^ ^ p — = 0,04 (mol)
^ V„^ = 0,04 22,4 = 0,896 l i t Chon dap an C
B a i 5: Cho 5,35 gam h6n hop X gom Mg, Fe, Al vao 250ml dung dich Y gom H 2 S O 4 0,5M va HCl I M thu duoc 3,921it khi H 2 (dktc) va dung dich A Co can dung dich A trong dieu kien khong c6 khong khi, thu diTOc m gam chat rSn khan Gia t r i cua m la
A 20,900 gam B 26,225 gam C 26,375 gam D 28,600 gam
Hitdng dan gidi
nn^so, = 0,25.0,5 = 0,125 mol =^ n^,, = 0,125 2 = 0,25 mol
Vi axit dir nen kho'i \\iang rin b^ng tong kho'i lifcfng kim loai va cdc
ion C O trong dung dich
mr^nkhan = 5,35 + (0,125.96) + (0,25.35,5) = 26,225 gam
Chon dap an B
B a i 6: (DH khoi A.2010): Cho m gam hon hap bot X gom ba kim loai
Zn, Cr, Sn c6 so mol b^ng nhau tac dung het vdi lirotng diT dung dich
Trang 5H C l loang, nong t h u dugc dung dich Y k h i Ha- Co can dung dich
Y thu dtfdc 8,98 gam muoi khan Neu cho m gam hon hop X tac
dung hoan toan vdi O2 (du) de tao hon hop 3 oxit t h i the tich k h i
(dktc) phan ijrng la
A 2,016 l i t B 0,672 l i t C 1,344 Ht D 1,008 l i t
Hii&ng dan gidi
3 k i m loai t r e n k h i phan ilng v d i H C l loang nong deu h i oxi hoa
t h ^ n h so oxi hod +2 (X + H C l thu di/Oc muoi: ZnClz, CrClz, SnClg.)
- Con k h i tac dung O2, Zn tao +2, Cr tao +3, Sn tao +4 (X + O2 t h u
daoc cac oxit: ZnO, CraOa, Sn02)
- Goi so mol moi k i m loai la x (mol) t h i :
V i cac k i m loai c6 so mol bSng nhau nen cAc muoi c6 so mol b^ng
B a i 7: Cho 11 gam hon hop A l va Fe tac dung het v6i dung dich H C l
thu dirge 8,96 l i t H2 (dktc) Phan t r a m khoi lugng cua Fe trong hon
B a i 8: (De KA.2007): Cho m gam hon hop Mg, A l vao 250ml dung dich
chufa hon hop H C l I M va H2SO4 0,5M thu dugc 5,32 l i t k h i H2 (dktc) v^ dung dich Y Coi the tich dung dich khong doi Dung dich Y c6 p H 1^
A 1 B 6 C 2 D 7
Hiidng dan gidi
n„^o, = 0.25 0,5 = 0,125 mol => n,j = 0,125 2 = 0,25 mol
nHci = 0,25 1 = 0,25 mol => n„ = 0,25 mol
=> tdng so mol H^ = 0,25 + 0,25 = 0,5 mol
5,32 ^ n o r , , - / — V „
= 0,2375(mol) 22,4
Ta c6: 2 H * Ban dau: 0,5 mol Pu: 0,475 <-Sau pir: 0,025mol Sau phan iJng axit diT H *
=1
H2 0,2375 mol
I 0,025 0,25 = 0,1M
p H = - l o g [ H ^ ^
Chon dap a n A
B a i 9: (De KB.2007): Cho 1,67 gam hon hop 2 k i m loai d 2 chu k y ke
tiep nhau thuoc nhom I I A tac dung het vdi dung dich H C l dii, thoat
ra 0,672 l i t k h i H2 (dktc) H a i k i m loai do la (Be = 9,Ca = 40,Mg = 24,
^ Sr = 87,Ba = 137)
A M g va Ca B Ca va Sr C Sr va Ba D Be va M g
Trang 6Hiictng dan gidi
Dat 2 k i m loai 1^ A
T i le mol gifla k i m loai va hidro b^ng ho^ t r i k i m loai chia 2 n6n t i le
mol la 1: 1
= MZ2^ 0,03 (mol) 22,4
A Ha
0,03mol 0,03mol
MA = ^ = 55,67 ^ Ca va Sr
Chon dap an B
B a i 10: Cho 3,87gam h6n hop X g6m M g va A l v^o 250ml dung dich X
gom H C l I M va H2SO4 0,5M thu dMc dung dich B va 4,368 Ht
H2(dktc) Phan t r S m k h o i laong M g va A l trong X tucfng ufng la
A 37,21% M g va 62,79% A l B 62,79% M g va 37,21% A l
C 45,24% M g va 54,76% A l D 54,76% M g va 45,24% A l
B^i nay l a m tifcfng tif bai 5
B a i 1 1 : Hoa tan m(g) h6n hop Zn va Fe can vCra du 11 dung dich H C l
3,65M (d = l,19g/ml) t h u dugc mot chat k h i va 1250g dung dich D
B KIM LOAI TAG D y N G VC3l HNO3, H2SO4 (d|c)
A x i t H2SO4 (dSc) + k i m loai = muoi sunfat + san pham khuf + H2O
San phdm khii c6 thi Id SO2 (nhan 2e), H2S (nhan 8e),S (nhan 6e)
* m m u o i sunfat = "1 kin, loai + molgpk.so 6 n h a n i 96
axit HNO3 + k i m loai = muoi n i t r a t + san pham khijf + H2O
San phdm khd c6 the la NO2 (nhan le), NO (nhan 3e), N2O (nhan 8e), N2 (nhan lOe), NH4NO3 (nhan 8e)
* m muoi nitrat = H I kim loai + molgpk.so e nhan.62
Luu y: A l , Fe, Cr khong phan ting vcd HNO3 dSc nguoi va H2SO4 dac nguoi
BAI TAP VAN DUNG
B a i 1: Cho 1,86 gam hon hdp A l va M g tac dung vdi dung dich HNO3 loang dtf t h i thu di/cJc 560 m l l i t k h i N2O (dktc, san pham khuf duy
nhat) bay ra K h o i liTOng muoi n i t r a t tao ra trong dung dich la:
A 40,5 gam B 14,62 gam C 24,16 gam D 14,26 gam
HtCclng dan gidi
n ^ o = ^ ^ - 0 , 0 2 5 m o l N,o 22,4
Ap dung cong thuTc: m musl nitrat = m kim loai + molspk -so e nhan.62
= 1,86 + 0,025.8.62 = 14,26 gam Chon dap an D
B a i 2: Hoa tan hoan toan 9,94 gam hon hop X gom A l , Fe, Cu trong lugng du dung dich HNO3 t h u dugc 3,584 l i t k h i N O duy nhat (dktc)
Tong k h o i lugng muoi k h a n tao t h a n h la:
A 39,7gam B 29,7gam C 39,3gam D 27,7gam
Hiidng dan gidi
n„„=||M.o,16n.o
A p dung cong thUc: m m u o i nitrat = m k i m loai + molspk so e nhan.62
= 9,94 + 0,16.3.62 = 39,7 gam
Chon dap an A
Trang 7Bai 3: Hoa tan 4,97 gam hon hap Al, Cu, Fe trong dung dich HNOr,
loang dii thu dUcfc 1,792 Ut khi NO(dktc) Tong khoi luong muoi khan
tao thanh:
A 19,85 gam B 26,5 gam C 39,7 gam D 40,2 gam
Bai nay gidi tuang tii bai 2
B a i 4: Hoa tan hoan toan 13,68 gam hon hdp X gom Al, Cu, Fe bSng
dung dich HNO3 loang, diX thu diroc 1,568 lit khi N2O (dktc) va dung
dich chuTa m gam muoi Gia tri cua m la
A 48,40 gam B 31,04 gam C 57,08 gam D 62,70 gam
Bai nay gidi tuang tu bai 2
Bai 5: (DH khoi A.2010): Nung 2,23 gam hon hop X gom cac kim loai
Fe, Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi, sau mot thdi gian thu difdc 2,71 gam hon
hop Y Hoa tan hoan toan Y vao dung dich HNO3 (da), thu dtfOc 0,672
Ht khi NO (san pham khuf duy nhat, d dktc) So mol HNO3 da phan
Ta CO bao toan nguyen to N:
^ ' ^ H N O j ~ ^ U N O j (pu O trong oxit) ^ H N O j (pu oxi ho4 - khut) ^ N O
Mat khac:
HHNO^ (pu o t^ng oxiu = ( cho H^O);
n H N o , ,pu ox, ho - uha, = 3.n^o ( Do N^^ — ^ NO)
^ ^ ^ i i N o , = 2no,oxit) + 3nf^o+ n^o = ^T^o (<«iM+ '^^m
= 2.0,03 + 4.0,03 = 0,18 mol Chon dap an D
B a i 6: (BH khoi B.2008): Cho 2,16 gam Mg tAc dung vdi dung dich
HNO3 (du) Sau khi cac phan iJng xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc 0,896 lit
NO (d dktc) va dung dich X Khoi luong muoi khan thu diTOc khi lam
bay hoi dung dich X la
A 8,88 gam B.13,92 gam C 6,52 gam D.13,32 gam
Hii&ng dan gidi
n^g = 246 : 24 = 0,09 (moDin^o - 0,896 : 22,4 = 0,04 (mol)
Cdch 1:
3Mg + 8HNO3 ^ 3Mg(N03)2 + 2N0 + 4H2O
< 0,06 < 0,04 0,06 <
2e 2.0,09
m = 0,09 148 + 0,0075 80 = 13,92 (gam) -> chon B
B a i 7: Hoa tan 23,4 gam G gom Al, Fe, Cu bang mot lirong vCra du dung
dich H2SO4 d5c, nong, thu di/dc 15,12 lit khi SO2 (dktc) va dung dich
chuTa m gam muoi Gia tri cua m la
A 153,0 gam B 95,8 gam C 88,2 gam D 75,8 gam
Trang 8B a i 8: Kok tan ho^n to^n m gam hon X gom A l , Fe, Cu vko dung dich
H N O 3 dSc nong du, thu duoc dung dich Y chufa 39,99 gam muoi va
7,168 Ht k h i N O 2 (dktc) Gia t r i cua m la
A 20,15 gam B 30,07 gam C 32,28 gam D 19,84 gam
Hiicfng ddn gidi
HMO = ^ ^ ^ = 0,32mol
"""^ 22,4
Ap dung cong thiJc: m raM nitrat = m kim loai + molspk.so e nhan.62
=^ m kim loai = m muoi nitrat " molspk-SO G nhan.62
= 39,99 - 0,32.1.62 = 20,15 gam Chon dap an A
B a i 9: (DHKB 2007)
ThUc hien hai t h i nghiem:
1 Cho 3,84 gam Cu phan iJng v d i 80 m l dung dich HNO3 I M thodt ra
V i l i t NO
2 Cho 3,84 gam Cu phan ling vdi 80 m l dung dich chufa H N O 3 I M va
H 2 S O 4 0,5 M thoat ra V 2 Ht NO.Biet NO la san pham khijf duy
nhat, cac the tich k h i do d cCing dieu ki$n
Quan he giOfa V i va V2 la
A V2 = V i B V2 = 2Vi C V2 = 2,5Vi D V 2 = l , 5 V i
Hiictng dan gidi
T N I : n c „ = ^ = 0,06 mol b4 n„, =0,08 mol n^^_ = 0,08 mol
3Cu + 8 H " + 2NO3- > 3Cu^^ + 2 N 0 T + 4H2O
Dau bai: 0,06 0,08 0,08 -> phan iJng het
Phan iJng: 0,03 <- 0,08 -> 0,02 ^ 0,02 mol
=> V i tirang ufng vdi 0,02 mol NO
TN2: ncu = 0,06 mol; nn^o, = 0,08 m o l ; nn^so = 0,04 mol
=> Tong n^^, = 0,16 mol; n ^ ^ = 0,08 mol
3Cu + 8H* + 2NO3" >3Cu^* + 2NO^ + 4H2O
Dau bai: 0,06 0,16 0,08 -> Cu va H"^ phan iJng het Phan iJng: 0,06 ^ 0,16 ^ 0,04 -> 0,04 mol
=> V2 ti/ong urng v d i 0,04 mol NO
Nhir vay V2 = 2 V i Chon dap an B
B a i 10: (DH khoi B-2009): K h i hoa tan hoan toan 0,02 mol Au bang
ntfdc cudng toan thi so mol H C l phan ilng va so mol NO (san pham
khuf duy nhat) tao t h a n h Ian liToft l a
B a i 11: Hoa tan 3 gam hon hgfp A gom k i m loai R hoa t r i 1 va k i m loai
M hoa t r i 2 vifa du vao dung dich chda HNO3 va H2SO4 va dun nong, thu dtroc 2,94 gam hon hap k h i B gom NO2 va SO2 The tich cua h5n
hop k h i B la 1,344 l i t (dktc) K h o i luang muoi k h a n thu diroc la
A 6,36g B 7,06g C 10,56g D 12,26g
HUdng dan gidi
^ 1^344 ^ oGmol dSt NO2 x mol, SO2 ymol
22,4 r46x + 64y = 2,94 fx = 0,05
x + y = 0,06 [ y = 0,01
nimuai = 3 + (0,05 62 + 0,01.-.2 96) = 7,06 gam
2
• Dap an B
B a i 12: Cho 8,3 gam h5n hcfp A l va Fe tac dung v d i dung dich HNO3
loang dtr t h i thu dircfc 45,5 gam muoi n i t r a t khan The tich k h i N O (dktc, san pham khuf duy nhat) thoat ra la:
! A 4,48 l i t B 6,72 l i t C 2,24 l i t D 3,36 l i t
Trang 9Hiicmg dan giai
Ap dung cong thiJc: m musi nitrat = ni ,0,1 + molspk-so e nhan.62
^ D N O = "-^-"^ ~ = = 0,2 mol
so e nhan.62 3.62
=> = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 l i t
Chon dap an A
Bai 13: Hoa tan hoan toan 1,23 gam hon hop X gom Cu va A l vao dung
dich HNO3 dSc, nong thu dixoc 1,344 l i t khi NO2 (san pham khuf duy
nhat, d dktc) Phan trSm ve khoi liiong cua Cu trong hon hop X la
Bai 14: Hoa tan 15 gam hon hop X gom hai kim loai Mg va A l vao dung
dich Y gom H N O 3 va H2SO4 dSc thu diioc 0,1 mol moi khi SO2, NO,
NO2, N2O Phan tr5m khoi Itfong cua A l va Mg trong X Ian lacft la
A 63% va 37% B 36% va 64%
C 50% va 50% D 46% va 54%
HU&ng dan gidi
Dat H M g = X mol; D A I = y mol Ta c6:
Qud trinh oxi ho^: Mg -> Mg^* + 2e A l
0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1
=> Tdng so mol e nhan bkng 1,4 mol
24x + 27y = 15 fx = 0,4 mol Theo dinh luat bao toan electron:
Dang 2: OXIT KIM LOAI TAG DUNG VOI AXIT HQ, H2SO4 [bang)
Phi/dng trinh tdng quat
MzOn + 2nHCl 2MCln+ nHzO M20„ + nH2S04 (loang) ^ M2(S04)„ + nHzO Cach tmh nhanh cho trie nghi?m
* Doi vdi axit H2SO4 (loang)
Khoi li/ong muoi thu dugc la: m^^ai ^unfat = m h S n hap o x u k i m loai + n,[^so, -80
Doi vdi a x i t H C l • Khoi luong muoi thu duoc la: m,„„a-i ciorua = n i h o n hop oxit kim loai + 27,5 n,,^;, BAl TAP VAN DgNG
Bai 1: Cho 50g hon hop hot oxit kim loai gom ZnO, FeO, Fe203, Fe304, MgO tac dung het vdi 200ml dung dich H C l 4 M (vCra du) thu duoc
dung dich X Luong muoi c6 trong dung dich X
bSng.-A 79,2g B 78,4g C 72g D 72,9g
Trang 10HUcfng ddn gidi
Ap dung C O n g thufC: nimudi cloma = nihon h<7p oxit kim loai + 27,5 n^jp,
= 50 + (0,2.4.27,5) = 72 gam Chpn dap an C
Bai 2: Hoa tan hoan toan 2,81 gam hon hop A gom FezOg, MgO, ZnO
bkng 300ml dung dich H 2 S O 4 0,1M (vCra du) Co can can than dung
dich thu diioc sau phan ufng thi thu difoc lirong muoi sunfat khan la:
A 3,81 gam B 4,81 gam C 5,21 gam D 4,8 gam
HU&ng dan gidi
Ap dung COng thufC: mmum sunfat = nihSn hop oxit kim loai + J^HaSOi - ^ ^
= 2,81 + (0,3.0,1.80) = 5,21 gam Chon dap an C
Bai 3: De tac dung vCra du vdi 7,68g hon hop gom FeO, Fe304, FegOs can
dung 260 ml dung dich HCl I M Dung dich thu diTOc cho tac dyng vdi
NaOH du, ket tua thu Auac mang nung trong khong khi den khoi
iLfOng khong doi duoc m gam chat r^n Gia t r i cua m la:
A.6g B 7g C.8g D.9g
Hii&ng dan gidi
oxit kim loai + HCl > muoi clorua + H 2 O
nnc = = 0,26.1 =0,26 mol
2H^ + O'- > H 2 0
0,26 > 0,13mol
5 6
=> mpe = 7,68 - 0,13.16 = 5,6 gam => ^fe = = 0>l"iol
So do hop thiJc: 2Fe ^ FeaOg
0,1 -> 0,05 mol
=> mp^^o^ = 160.0,05 = 8 gam
Chon dap an C
Bai 4: Oxi hoa cham m gam Fe ngoai khong khi sau mot thcJi gian thu
duoc 12 gam hon hop X g6m(Fe, FeO, FezOg, Fe304) De hoa tan het
X, can vCra du 300 ml dung dich HCl I M , dong thdi giai phdng 0,672
0,24 ->0,12mol
m = m x - mo(oxit) = 12 - 0,12.16 = 10,08 gam Chon dap an A
Bai 5: Hoa tan hoan toan 2,8 gam hon hop FeO, Fe203 va Fe304 can vCra
du V ml dung dich HCl I M , thu di/oc dung dich X Cho tii tii dung dich
NaOH dir vao dung dich X thu dugfc ket tua Y Nung Y trong khong
khi den khoi liiOng khong doi thu dirge 3 gam chat r^n Tinh V?
A 87,5 m l B.125 m l C.62,5 m l D.175 m l
Hii&ng dan gidi
- 4 chat rin la Fe203
Bai 6: Hoa tan hoan toan 5,4 gam mot oxit sSt vao dung dich H N O 3 dii
thu dagc 1,456 lit hon hop NO va NO2 (dktc va khong con san pham khuf nao khac) Sau phan ufng khoi lUOng dung dich tang len 2,49 gam
so vdi ban dau Cong thufc cua oxit s^t va so mol H N O 3 phan ufng la:
A FeO va 0,74 mol B Fe304 va 0,29 mol
C FeO va 0,29 mol D Fe304 va 0,75 mol
Trang 11D i e u k i e n : (M Id kim lo<^i diKng sau Al trong day di?n hod)
- K h i khuf o x i t k i m l o a i b S n g cac c h a t khuf CO ( H 2 ) t h i C O ( H 2 ) l a y o x i
B a i 3: Cho V l i t (dktc) k h i Hg d i qua h o t CuO dun n o n g , t h u duoc 32 g Cu
N e u cho V l i t H 2 d i qua hot FeO d u n n o n g t h i ItfOng Fe t h u duoc l a :
Trang 12B a i 4: Khuf ho^n toan 32g hon hop CuO va FezOg b^ng k h i H2, tha y tao
r a 9 g nude K h o i lirong h6n hop k i m loai t h u duoc la:
A 12 g B 16g C 24 g D 26 g
Hitdng d&n gidi
9
nodrong oxit) = = n„^o = = "^'^
niO (trong oxit) = 16 0,5 = 8g
m kim i o , i = 32 - 8 = 24 g
Chon dap an C
B a i 5: Cho k h i CO qua ong diTng a (g) hon hop gom CuO, Fe.304, FeO,
A I 2 O 3 nung nong K h i thoat ra duoc cho vao niidc vol trong du thay c6
30g ket tua trang Sau phan ufng, chat rSn trong ong suf c6 k h o i luong
202g K h o i lirong a (g) cua hon hop cac oxit ban dau la:
B a i 6: (CD -2009): Khuf hoan toan mot oxit s a t X d nhie t do cao can
viia du V l i t k h i CO (d dktc), sau phan ufng thu dugc 0,84 gam Fe va
0,02 mol k h i CO2 Cong thufc cua X va gia t r i V Ian luot la
B a i 7: Nung nong hon hop X gom PbO v^ FeO v d i mot l u o n g C vijfa du
Sau k h i phan ufng xay ra hoan toan thu dUoc hon hop chat r ^ n Y va
k h i khong mau Z Dem can hon hop rSn Y thay k h o i liTOng giam 4,8g
so vdi hon hop X Cho hon hop Y tac dung vdi dung dich H C l duf, t h u
di/oc chat k h i A Sue k h i Z vao dung dieh nude voi trong dii di/oc ket
tua trSng The tich k h i A (dktc) va k h o i liTOng ket tua t h u diroc l a :
A 6,72 l i t va 15g B 3,36 l i t va 30g
C 6,72 l i t va 30g D 3,36 l i t va 15g
Hitdng dan gidi
2PbO + C — ^ 2 P b + C 0 2 2FeO + C — ^ 2 F e + C 0 2
K h o i li/ong chat r ^ n Y giam so vdi h6n hop X 1^ k h o i l i / O n g O trong
oxit da b i C lay di tao CO2
• n„^ = n^hY = 0 , 3 (mol) ^ V,,^ = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (lit)
CO2 + Ca(0H)2 ^ CaC03 + H2O
ncaco3 = n c o , = 0,15 (mol) => mc^co, = 0,15.100 = 15(g) Vay dap an diing la A
B a i 8: Cho 0,3 mol Fe^Oy t h a m gia phan ufng nhiet nhom thay tao ra 0,4
mol A I 2 O 3 Cong thufc oxit ski la:
A FeO B Fe203 C Fe304
D Khong xac d i n h diTOc v i khong cho biet so mol Fe tao ra
Hiidng dan gidi
A l lay di oxi cua Fe^Oy de tao ra A I 2 O 3 V i vay so mol nguyen tuf O trong A I 2 O 3 va trong FoxOy phai bang nhau
Do do: 0,3 y = 0,4 3 = 1,2 => y = 4 =^ Fe304
Chon dap an C
Trang 13B a i 9: Dot chay khong ho^n toan 1 luong sSt da dung het 2,24 l i t O2 d
dktc, thu dtfoc h6n hop A gom cac oxit sat va s^t du Khuf hoan toan
A bang k h i CO diS, k h i di ra sau phan ling duoc dSn vao b i n h difng
n i / d c voi trong d U K h o i l i i O n g ket tua thu dUOc la:
B a i 10: De khijT hoan toan h6n hop FeO va ZnO t h a n h kirn loai can 2,24
h t H2 (ot dktc).Neu dem hon hop k i m loai thu d i / a c hoa tan hoan toan
vao axit H C l t h i the t i c h k h i H2 (dktc) thu dUcJc l a :
A 4,48 l i t B 1,12 l i t C.3,36 l i t D.2,24 l i t
Hii&ng dan giai
2.24 „ , ,
n h h o x i t = J ^ H j = n(hh kim loai) = = u , i moi
K h i hoa tan h6n h g p k i m loai vao axit t h i :
n„ = n hh kim loai = 0 , l m o l
VH^= 22,4.0,1 = 2,24 l i t
Chon dap a n D
B a i 11: Thoi mot luong k h i CO dtf d i qua ong dung hon hap hai oxit
Fe304 v a CuO nung nong den k h i phan ufng xay ra hoan toan t h u dugfc
2,32 g hon hop k i m loai K h i thoat ra duac dua vao b i n h dung dung
d i c h Ca(0H)2 du thay c6 5g ket tua t r i n g K h o i lugfng h5n hap hai
oxit k i m loai ban dau l a :
A 3,12g B 3,21g C 4g D 4,2g
Hii&ng dan giai
nO(trong oxit) = Hco = HCQ^ ^ " c a C O a = 0,05(mol)
m o x i t k i m i o ^ i = n i k i m i o , i + m o x i = 2,32 + 0,05.16 = 3,12 (g)
Chon d a p dn A
B a i 12: Khuf 39,2g mot hon hop A gom FegOa va FeO b&ng k h i CO t h u
duoc hon hop B gom FeO va Fe B tan vUa du trong 2,5 l i t dung dich
H2SO4 0,2M cho ra 4,48 l i t k h i (dktc) T i n h k h o i luong FezOg va FeO
trong hon hop A
A 32g FezOs; 7,2g FeO B 16g Fe203; 23,2g FeO
C 18g FeaOg; 21,2g FeO D 20g Fe203; 19,2g FeO
HUdng dan giai
mp^o = 0,1.72 = 7,2 (g)
Vay dap an dung la A
B a i 13: De khuf hoan toan 45 gam hon hgp gom CuO, FeO, Fe304, Fe va MgO can dung vCra du 8,4 l i t CO d (dktc) K h o i lugng chat r i n t h u
dugc sau phan u"ng la:
A 39g B 38g C 24g D 42g
Hii&ng ddn giai
K h o i lugng chat r ^ n sau phan iJng la: 45 - 1 6 - ^ ^ = 39g Chon dap an A
B a i 14: Khuf hoan to^n 17,6 gam hon hgp X gom Fe, FeO, Fe203 can
2,24 l i t CO (or dktc) Klio" lugng sSt thu dugc la
A 5,6 gam B 6,72 gam C 16,0 gam D 8,0 gam
Trang 14Hii&ng dan gidi
2 24
K h o i luong chat r a n sau phan ufng la: 17,6 - 1 6 - ~ - = 16,0 gam
Chon dap a n C
B a i 15: De k h i l hoan to^n 30 gam hon hop CuO, FeO, FezOg, Fe304,
MgO can dung 5,6 l i t k h i CO (6 dktc) K h o i lifong chat r a n sau phan
ufng la
A 28 gam B 26 gam C 22 gam D 24 gam
HUdng dan gidi
5 6
K h o i liiang chat r a n sau phan ufng la: 30 - 1 6 - ^ ^ = 26 gam
Chon dap an B
B a i 16: Dan tCf t\i V l i t k h i CO (6 dktc) di qua mot ong sil difng lUdng d i i
hon hop r a n gom CuO, FezOs (d n h i e t do cao) Sau k h i cac phan ufng
xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc k h i X D i n toan bo k h i X d t r e n vao lUOng
diT dung dich Ca(0H)2 t h i tao t h a n h 4 gam ket tua Gia t r i cua V la
A 1,120 l i t B 0,896 l i t C 0,448 l i t D 0,224 l i t
Hii&ng dan gidi
nco = nco, = nc«co, = ^ = ^'^^
=> Vco = 0,04 22,4 = 0,896 l i t
Chon dap an B
B a i 17: T h o i mot luong k h i CO di qua ong suf ditog m gam hon hcfp
Fe304 va CuO nung nong thu diTOc 2,32 gam hon hap r a n Toan bo
k h i thoat ra cho hap t h u het vao b i n h dung dung dich Ca(0H)2 du t h u
dtfoc 5 gam ket tua Gia t r i cua m la:
A 3,22 gam B 3,12 gam C 4,0 gam D 4,2 gam
Hii&ng dan gidi
m h S n h o p = 2,32 + 16 = 3,12 gam
Chon dap an B
B a i 18 Cho dong k h i CO du di qua hon hap (X) chufa 31,9 gam gom
AI2O3, ZnO, FeO va CaO t h i th u difcfc 28,7 gam hon hgp chat r a n (Y)
Cho toan bo h6n hop chat r a n (Y) tac dung vdi dung dich H C l dif t h u
duoc V l i t H2 (dkc) Gia t r i V la
A 5.60 l i t B 4,48 l i t C 6,72 l i t D 2,24 l i t
Hii&ng dan gidi
K h o i luong nguyen tuf oxi = do giam cua chat r ^ n
FeO + 2e -> Fe ^ Fe^* + 2e)
2W + 2e -> H2
Vay so mol nguyen tuf O = so mol C O = so mol H2 = 0,2 mol
Chon dap an B
C BAI T A P V A N D U N G
B a i 1: Cho luong k h i C O di qua m gam Fe203 dun ndng, t h u di/oc 39,2
gam h6n hop gom bon chat r a n la sat k i m loai va ba oxit cua n6,
dong thcfi CO hon hop k h i thoat ra Cho h6n hop k h i nay hap t h u vao
dung dich nudc voi trong c6 dii, t h i t h u di/Oc 55 gam ket tua T r i so cua m la:
A 48 gam B 40 gam C 64 gam
D Tat ca deu sai, v i se khong xac d i n h duoc
B a i 2: Cho luong k h i H2 c6 dif di qua ong suf c6 chufa 20 gam hon hop A gom MgO va CuO nung nong Sau k h i phan iJng hoan toan, dem can
l a i , thay k h o i liXOng chat r a n giam 3,2 gam K h o i liicfng moi cha't trong hon hop A la:
A 2gam; 18gam B 4gam; 16gam
C 6gam; 14gam D 8gam; 12gam
B a i 3: Cho luong k h i CO (du) di qua 9,1 gam hon hop gom CuO va AI2O3 nung nong den k h i phan ufng hoan toan, thu dUdc 8,3 gam chat r a n
K h o i luong CuO c6 trong hon hop ban dau la
A 0,8 gam B 8,3 gam C 2,0 gam D 4,0 gam
Trang 15Dang 4: KIM LOAI TAG DUNG VOI DUNG DICH MUOl
Ca'^ Na" Mg'^ A l ' " Zn'* Cr'* Fe^* N i ' * Sn'* Pb'* Fe^* H * Cu'*
Tinh khvC kim loi^i gidm
- Chieu phan ufng: Chat oxi hod m^nh + Chat khii mg,nh -> Chat
oxi hod yeu + Chat khvi yeu
P T : C u ' * + F e F e ' * + C u
Dicing bai tap nay can lUu y den quy tdc a
Ddu a cang Ian khd ndng phdn ling xdy ra cdng manh
B A I T A P A P D U N G
B a i 1: Cho O,lmol Fe vao 500 ml dung dich AgNOs I M thi dung dich thu
difOc chufa:
A AgNOg B AgNOs va Fe(N03)2
C Fe(N03)3 D AgNOa va Fe(N03)3
Hitcfng dan gidi
Vay muoi gom c6 Fe(N03)3 va AgNOs dii
B a i 2: (DH khoi B.2009): Cho 2,24 gam hot sSt vao 200 m l dung dich
chufa hon hop gom AgNOs 0,1M va Cu(N03)2 0,5M Sau k h i cac phan ufng xay ra hoan toan, t h u diTOc dung dich X va m gam chat r a n Y
Gia t r i ciia m la
A 2,80 B 4,08 C 2,16 D 0,64
Hiidng dan gidi
nFe = 0,04 mol, n^^ = 0,02 mol, n^^^ = 0,1 mol
Chat khuf m a n h n h a t se tac dung vdi chat oxi hoa m a n h n h a t triTdc:
Fe + 2 A g * ^ F e ' * + 2Ag 0,01 0,02 0,02mol
Fe + Cu'* ^ Fe'* + Cu 0,03 0,03 0,03 mol
m = 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08g Chon dap an B
B a i 3: (CD -2009): Cho m gam M g vao dung dich chufa 0,12 mol FeCls
Sau k h i phan ufng xay ra hoan toan thu dtfoc 3,36 gam chat rkn Gia
B a i 4: (DH khoi A.2010): Cho 19,3 gam hon hop bot Zn va Cu c6 t i le mol
tuong ijfng la 1: 2 vao dung dich chufa 0,2 mol Fe2(S04)3 Sau k h i cac phan
ufng xay ra hoan toan, thu duoc m gam k i m loai Gia t r i cua m la
A 6,40g B 16,53g C 12,00g D 12,80g