SEVERAL WEEKS AGO, I received a phone call from a German journalist. He wanted to followup on a story about German high school students in the United States who were allegedly mobbed by people in their American host communities. We forwarded the journalist’s email address and request to our German grantees in the United States. Within 36 hours, more than 30 grantees responded. None of them could confirm the claims made in this article. Rather, the Fulbright grantees reported intense and open discussions, mutual respect, and common concerns at their host universities and in their host communities. On an almost continual basis, journalists inquire about the opinion of American Fulbright grantees in Germany. It immediately becomes clear to every one of them that there is no such thing as an “American opinion” on world affairs, the war in Iraq, or transatlantic relations. Rather there were many different voices, expressed in many articulate ways. The Fulbright Program is not an abstract idea. It comes to life through its grantees. Their immersion into their host communities, their discussions and activities, and their leadership realize Senator Fulbright’s vision that “educational exchange can turn nations into people, contributing as no other form of communication can to the humanizing of international relations.
Trang 2D E PA R T M E N T S
Editor’s Picks, Publications, Goodbyes & Hello,
Upcoming Events, Corrections, One Fulbright is Never
Enough, Prizes & Awards 4–7
N E W S & E V E N T S
Berlin Seminar 2003 8–15
Capital Days, German grantees participate
in European Union and NATO seminar 16
Second ‘Universities of the Future’ Conference Held in Dresden 17
Association of Friends & Sponsors Says Farewell to Professor Döser 17
Fulbright Journalists Investigate the Capital 18
Fulbright at 50 – Focus on Saarbrücken 19
E-learning – The School of the Future? 19
F E AT U R E S Title Topic How is literature related to identity? Fulbright grantees Julie Dawson, currently in Berlin, and Birte Künstler in San Diego, California, report Creating the Chicano by Birte Künstler 20–22 Redefining Germany by Julie Dawson 23–25 Alumni Profiles Illuminating the lasting impact of the Fulbright program. Former Ambassador Michael H Armacost 26
Dr Martin Gillo, State Minister for Economy and Labor in Saxony 27
CityScape Two Fulbrighters profile their host cities and uncover some hidden travel destinations. Over the Brücke and through the Woods Exploring Erfurt, Thuringia’s Capital City by Wendy Graham 28–30 Beyond Cheese German heritage and modern architecture in the Madison area by Benedikt Glatz 31–32 F R O M O U R F U L B R I G H T E R S The Coldness of December A poem from the travel journal of Richard Marranca 33
Learning the Mother Tongue A poem in seventeen parts by Ingrid Wendt 34–35 Year Two Reminiscences on the Fulbright class of ’54 –’55 by Lowell Culver 36–39 Growing up Fulbright Three Fulbright grants, two daughers, and a pink tank by Richard Cross 40–43 Contributors 44
The German-American Fulbright Program 45
Funnel Reply Card 46
A New Face for the Fulbright Commission
The Fulbright Commission will re-launch its website in June
You will find all of the previous features such as information for
current and future grantees, news about Commission activi-ties, and the alumni directory
The Funnel will now also be
available online and we hope to incorporate some “web-only”
features in the future The new web site also displays many images from over 50 years of exchange between Germany and the
United States Check back throughout the summer for more new
features including an upgraded version of our alumni directory
Berlin Seminar Pictures Online
Pictures from the 2003 Berlin Seminar are now on our website
We would like to thank Fulbright scholar and photojournalist
Lara Signorelli for graciously agreeing to act as official photographer
during the seminar
O N O U R W E B S I T E
[www.fulbright.de]
Trang 3S EV E R A L W E E K S AG O, I received a phone call from a German journalist He wanted to
follow-up on a story about German high school students in the United States who were allegedly mobbed
by people in their American host communities We forwarded the journalist’s email address and request
to our German grantees in the United States Within 36 hours, more than 30 grantees responded None of them could confirm the claims made in this article Rather, the Fulbright grantees reported intense and open discussions, mutual respect, and common concerns at their host universities and in their host communities
On an almost continual basis, journalists inquire about the opinion of American Fulbright grantees
in Germany It immediately becomes clear to every one of them that there is no such thing as an
“American opinion” on world affairs, the war in Iraq, or transatlantic relations Rather there were many different voices, expressed in many articulate ways.
The Fulbright Program is not an abstract idea It comes to life through its grantees Their sion into their host communities, their discussions and activities, and their leadership realize Senator Fulbright’s vision that “educational exchange can turn nations into people, contributing as no other form of communication can to the humanizing of international relations.”
immer-During the past few weeks, the German-American Fulbright Commission has urged all its grantees to take advantage of as many sources of information as possible and to make up their minds about current issues as best as they can An open and honest exchange of information and personal opinions clearly contributes to a better understanding of all sides involved
Three days after his initial contact, the German journalist send
an email to the Fulbright Commission thanking us and all the grantees for their immediate and thoughtful reaction to his research request The journalist said that he was not able to confirm the mobbing of German students across the United States Rather, he had gotten a much better insight into the discussion that is going
on in many places in the United States This might be a small achievement, but it shows what the Fulbright Program is all about.
Georg Schütte
Dear Partners, Supporters, Grantees,
and Alumni of the Fulbright Program,
Trang 4Dr Thomas Schuster analyzes the change
in form and content of stock market ports and how the reports affect the deci-sion making of the average stockholder
re-Dr Schuster, currently a teacher of journalism at the University of Leipzig,received a Fulbright American Studies Fel-lowship in 2000 to research at ColumbiaUniversity in New York He has written for
the Süddeutsche Zeitung and the furter Rundschau and contributes regularly
Frank-to the Frankfurter Allgemeine.
W E L C O M E to another edition of
the Funnel! As you may have noticed, we
have made some changes Not only is the
layout different, but we have also
intro-duced some new feature columns As
be-fore we will keep you abreast of the latest
news from the Fulbright Commission and
bring you articles and creative output
from Fulbright grantees and alumni
*
W E H AV E A D D E D three new
fea-tures: the Title Topic, Alumni Profiles,
and CityScape In the Title Topic we will
focus on the research of current grantees
or take up another theme to which both
German and American Fulbrighters can
contribute In this issue’s Title Topic, The
Literature of Identity, Fulbrighter Birte
Künstler writes about the use of literature
to define the Chicano community within
the United States In contrast, Fulbrighter
Julie Dawson writes about two
Turkish-German authors and their goal of
redefin-ing the conception of German literature
to include their experiences
*
I N A L U M N I P R O F I L E S we catch
up with our former Fulbrighters and find
out what they are doing now In each issue
we will pick one German and one
Amer-ican alumnus (or alumna), this issue we
have Dr Martin Gillo, State Minister in
Saxony, and Michael Armacost, former
Ambassador to Japan and to the
Phillip-ines Some of the names in the coming issues may be familiar, others may not, but what they all have in common is the ex- perience of academic exchange
*
I N T H E I N T E R E S T of continual exchange and discovery we have decided
to ask Fulbrighters to write about their host cities With this issue’s focus on Ma- dison, Wisconsin, and Erfurt, Thuringia,
we hope to introduce American and man readers alike to cities they may have never visited With the help of our tourist tips, perhaps on their next trip, they will
Ger-*
F I N A L LY, we continue to encourage contributions from current grantees and alumni Not only are we looking for arti- cles, creative writing, and photography, but we would like to hear your opinion on this issue Write a letter (or email) and let
us know what you think about our new look We look forward to hearing from you.
***
Goodbyes & Hello
The Secretariat in Berlin is happy to
welcome back Claudia Adams, who just returned from mater-
Dahlmann-nity leave after the birth of her son Justin
in September 2002
*
Nadja Wisniewski, who helped the
Secretariat out immensely by filling infirst for Lisa Hoppe and then for Clau-dia Dahlmann-Adams during their ma-ternity leave, left the Secretariat at theend of April to take a position in theInternational Office at the University ofMannheim We wish her the best
Trang 5A D V E N T U R E S W I T H O R I
Often when students or scholars receive
Fulbright grants they do not travel alone to
their host country Sometimes, they bring
children with them Bettina Kaltenhäuser’s
new book, Andere Länder, andere Kinder,
Dein Auslandsumzug mit Ori, is aimed at
eight- to 12-year-olds and addresses the
dif-ficulties of moving to another country The
book helps prepare children for the cultural
differences – from food to language – they
will encounter Co-authored by Ms
Kal-tenhäuser and Hilly van Swol, the book
is also available in English, When abroad –
do as the local children do Ori’s guide for
young expats.
Ms Kaltenhäuser studied journalism,
psychology, and American studies at the
University of Mainz In 1998 she studied
at the University of North Carolina in
Chapel Hill on a Fulbright scholarship She
currently freelances for the intercultural
consulting firm CONSULTus
E AT I N G O U T I N B E R L I N
Dr Keith Allen, 1994 Fulbright
Schol-ar and pSchol-articipant in the 1999 Fulbright German Studies Seminar, has recently
published the book, Hungrige Metropole:
Essen, Wohlfahrt und Kommerz in Berlin.
Hungrige Metropole deals primarily with
the societal context of the noon meal in Berlin Dr Allen explores the philanthrop-
ic, communal, and commercial intereststhat influenced the move from eating athome to eating out The book is based onthe dissertation he wrote for the Depart-ment of History at Carnegie Mellon Uni-versity
E X P L O R I N G H E R I TA G E
T H R O U G H P O E T R Y
In 2002 Ingrid Wendt published a small
book of poems, Blow the Candle Out An
excerpt of one of these poems, “Learningthe Mother Tongue,” is reprinted in thisissue of the Funnel and deals with Dr
Wendt’s struggle to learn German Both ofher parents grew up in German-speakingfamilies
Currently, Dr Wendt conducts poetryworkshops and residencies at schools anduniversities throughout the western Unit-
ed States She was a Fulbright Senior
schol-ar in Frankfurt am Main in 1994
Please send announcements of recently published works by Fulbright alumni to funnel@fulbright.de for consideration.
Upcoming events
The Fulbright Alumni e.V would like
to announce the following three eventstaking place this summer At publica-tion date the official sign-up deadlinefor all events has passed, but if you areinterested, please visit their website any-way for more information Some placesmay still be available
• Workshop “Visionen”, June 13–15,
Graal-Müritz (Baltic Sea, East ofRostock)
• Fulbright Family Weekend, June 19–23, Königstein(Elbsandsteingebirge, Saxony)
• Bright People und Ful(l) Sail, sailing trip, July 5–12, Baltic Sea
Event Calendars for Alumni and Commission Events:
• Fulbright Commission: www.ful
Credit Where Credit Is Due
In the Winter 2002 edition of the
Funnel three pictures were incorrectly
attributed to the U.S Department ofState when they were actually taken byour own alumna Wiltrud Hammelstein
The following pictures were incorrectlycredited: Ambassador Ischinger speak-ing at the Woodrow Wilson Center(page 20), Secretary of State Colin Pow-ell (page 24), and Powell with alumniPetra Steinmetz and Wiltrud Hammel-stein (page 25)
Trang 6Seminar for German Administrators
in International Education
This three-week seminar is aimed at
re-presentatives of Auslandsämter and
Studen-tenwerke as well as others, who advise
stu-dents and faculty on exchange and
study-abroad programs The seminar focuses on
higher education in the United States
Par-ticipants start in Washington D.C before
touring several universities throughout thecountry Application material for the Sum-mer 2004 seminar will be available on theCommission website in October 2003
Fulbright American Studies Fellowship
Young German professors den) specializing in American studies or lite-
(Habilitan-rature can spend 6–12 months researching
at an American university of their ing Application material for the 2004 grantperiod will be available on the Commissionwebsite in October 2003
choos-American Studies Summer Institutes
A number of six-week summer tes will be held in 2004 to introduce Ger-man secondary school teachers and uni-versity faculty to the United States and theAmerican education system Applicationmaterial will be available on the Commis-sion website starting in November 2003
institu-Study in the U.S.A.
German university students who havecompleted at least the fifth semester ofstudy at a German university and who areinterested in studying for a year in the U.S.should apply for this scholarship An addi-tional program is also available to combinestudy with an internship at an Americancompany For more information and ap-plication materials see our website Appli-cation deadline is June 16, 2003, for the2004–2005 academic year
U.S Scholar Program
Become one of the more that 50 ican professors or professionals each yearthat enhances his or her academic experi-ence by researching or lecturing in Ger-many Applications are currently being accepted; the deadline is August 1, 2003,for the 2004–2005 academic year Ap-plication for this program is handled by the Council for International Exchange ofScholars For more information see theirwebsite (www.cies.org)
Amer-One Fulbright is Never Enough
The following scholarships are available from the German-American Fulbright Commission for alumni and fresh faces alike German or U.S citizenship is required More information about all of the Fulbright programs listed above is available on the Commission website: www.fulbright.de.
Alumni returning to their side of the
At-lantic in June or staying on in their host
country have the opportunity to become
part of the Fulbright alumni network
In Germany, the Fulbright Alumni e.V
(www.fulbright-alumni.de) keeps former
grantees in contact with each other
through monthly Stammtische at their
re-gional chapters and annual get-togethers
such as the Winter Ball
In the United States, The Fulbright
Association (www.fulbright.org) brings
together Fulbrighters from all national
programs in regional chapters
Member-ship in both organizations is open to all
former Fulbrighters and gives you the
opportunity to stay in contact, participate
in alumni and educational events, and get involved in advocacy on the behalf
of the Fulbright program
Both alumni associations are dent of the German American FulbrightCommission in Berlin The Commissionalso keeps a directory of alumni of theGerman American Fulbright Program
indepen-This also serves as our mailing list for
the Funnel Should your address change,
please let the Commission know by dating your information on our website(www.fulbright.de/alumni/directory/
up-updateinfo.shtml) If you know alumniwho do not receive the Funnel but wouldlike to, please send them this web address
Join the alumni association
Scholar Rescue Fund
The Institute for International
Educa-tion and the Scholars at Risk Network
administer the Scholar Rescue Fund,
which “supports scholars who are
threat-ened by violations of their fundamental
human rights.” Scholars can apply for the
the fund themselves or can be nominated
by a colleague The Fund provides
parti-al fellowships to support temporary sitions at institutions in “safe locales.”
po-For more information, see the website(scholarsatrisk uchicago.edu) Deadlinefor this year’s application cycle is Sep-tember 1, 2003
Trang 7German Studies Seminar
The topic for the June 2004 German
Studies Seminar is “Visual Culture in
Ger-many – Film, Television, and the Internet.”
The three-week seminar, held in Germany,
is open to U.S scholars of German studies
and related fields German language
profi-ciency is not required Application to this
program is conducted through CIES and
application material is available on their
website (www.cies.org) Application
dead-line is November 1, 2003
U.S Administrators in
International Education
Professionals in international academic
advising affiliated with an accredited U.S
institution are welcome to apply for this
three-week seminar, which will introduce
them to the German higher education
sys-tem and equip them to better advise their
students and faculty at home on exchange
and study-abroad programs Application is
handled through the Council for
Interna-tional Exchange of Scholars For more
in-formation see their website (www.cies org)
Application deadline for the Spring 2004
seminar is November 1, 2003
Students Wanted
Two of our biggest programs bring U.S
students to Germany to either research and
study at a university or assistant teach at a
German high school Students interested in
applying for these programs should first
consult their university, as the initial
appli-cation process is carried out there At-large
applicants should contact the Institute of
International Education See their website
(www.iie.org) for more information Final
deadline is October 21, 2003, for the 2004–
2005 academic year Individual universities
may have earlier deadlines
Min-is Associate Professor of Sociology and Chair of the Graduate Program Com- mittee at the University of Washington
in Seattle She received her Ph.D in ciology at Harvard University and her B.A in philosophy from Brandeis Uni- versity Minkoff will be lecturing and researching at Humboldt University in Berlin.
so-G E R M A N O R D E R O F
M E R I T B E S T O W E D O N
A M E R I C A N S C H O L A R
Dr John Steiner, professor emeritus
of sociology and co-founder of the caust Studies Center at Sonoma State University in California, was awarded the
Holo-German Order of Merit (Verdienstkreuz)
for his contributions as a researcher, scholar, and teacher
Born in Prague, Steiner survived Theresienstadt, Dachau, and Auschwitz.
After the war, he came back to Germany numerous times, including Fulbright grants in 1974 and 1981, to interview former members of the SS and attempt
to understand their motivation In an interview with the Jewish Bulletin of northern California Steiner discussed his work “I’m one of the few survivors
of the Holocaust who has gone back to interact with Germans, and not only that but research and interview perpe- trators in order to find out the reasons why they did what they did.” He added,
“What we should have learned is not to behave like Nazis under any circum- stances I tell my students they all have
to develop a profile in courage, wise nothing will have changed.”
other-D A N C E P R O F E S S O R
T O P E R F O R M I N P R A G U E
Current Fulbright Senior Scholar Julia Ritter has been awarded a generous grant by the Trust for Mutual Under- standing The funding will allow her company, the Julia Ritter Performance Group, to tour Prague, Czech Republic,
in June 2003 Ritter is also an Assistant Professor at Mason Gross School of the Arts at Rutgers University and a Teach- ing Artist for the New Jersey State Coun- cil on the Arts and Young Audiences of New Jersey Ritter will also be parti- cipating in a National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Seminar in
“Caribbean Theater and Cultural formance” to be held at the University of Puerto Rico’s Piedras Campus in 2003.
Per-Prizes & Awards
Announcements regarding awards received by alumni and current grantees should
be sent to funnel@fulbright.de for consideration.
Trang 8The Fulbright Experience –
Education for Leaders
B E R L I N S E M I N A R 2 0 0 3
O P E N I N G C E R E M O N Y
Although the Commission had the sure to begin welcoming guests to the 2003Berlin Seminar on Saturday and Sunday,the official Opening Ceremony took placeMonday at the Berliner Ensemble
plea-Dr Georg Schütte, Executive Director
of the German-American Fulbright mission, as well as Fulbright CommissionChairman Dr Richard Schmierer and ViceChairwoman Dr Gabriele von Halem wel-comed participants to Berlin
Com-Keynote speaker Dr Jürgen Kluge, Director and Office Manager for McKin-sey & Company spoke on the “EuropeanDecade.”
Angela Kappler, currently studying inFrankfurt am Main, spoke in representa-tion of this year’s grantees (See page 14)
March 23–28, 2003
2
3 1
[1] Dr Jürgen Kluge speaks
at the Opening Ceremony.
[2] Fulbright Liaison Professors
(left to right): Dr Rüdiger Zimmermann,
Dr Stephan Gramley, and Dr Peter Freese converse at the reception following the Opening Ceremony.
[3] Alumnus Scott Brunstetter (right) and
Dr Richard Schmierer at the reception following the Opening Ceremony P
Trang 9PA N E L S & W O R K S H O P S
Throughout the week, panels and
workshops gave seminar participants the
chance to learn with and from their fellow
Fulbrighters On Monday the teachers and
teaching assistants exchanged advice and
lesson plans and a panel of alumni
answer-ed questions on working in Germany
Twenty Fulbright scholars had the
op-portunity over the course of two days to
present their current research Each person
had only five minutes, but what there
was-n’t time to explain during the presentations
was discussed throughout the week in the
many conversations, which they sparked
Dr Christoph Bertram, Director of the
German Institute for International and
Security Affairs, lectured to a packed
audi-ence on “Europe’s Dilemma: Living with
Number One.” Afterwards he took
ques-tions from the audience
Following Dr Bertram’s lecture,
Ful-bright grantees from other European
com-missions shared their research and living
experiences They fielded questions from
the audience on topics ranging from their
research to reasons for choosing their
res-pective countries, to the current sentiment
towards Americans where they are living
On Thursday, three panels presented
the opportunity for everyone to discuss
sev-eral current topics with experts from the
field In the New Synagogue a panel led by
alumna Toby Axelrod and current scholar
Jonathan Goldberg discussed
philosemi-tism and the politics of German
recon-struction
[7] German alumna Wiltrud Hammelstein and
American alumna Christal Morehouse answer tions about cultural sensitivity and working abroad.
ques-[8] Fulbright scholar Andrew La Zella explains
his research on Husserl and phenomenology during his research presentation.
[9] Fulbright scholar Cynthia Wang, studying
medical law and ethics at Kings College in London, reports on her experience in the United Kingdom.
[10] Fulbright Young Journalist Sarah Lohmann
comments on the roll of NATO in “out-of-area”
conflicts.
[11] Iris Weiss answers questions at the panel
on philosemitism in German society.
[12] Alexander Ochs from the Stiftung für
Wissen-schaft und Politik speaks during a panel on atlantic cooperation in environmental policymaking.
trans-[13] Dr Christoph Bertram lectures on
Europe’s relationship to the U.S.
Colleen Traughber, Gregory Mancini, and
Dr Ulrich Schneckener discuss nation
building and post-conflict reconstruction.
[5] Ilse-Brigitte Eitze-Schütz discusses the
joys and challenges of the past year with
exchange teachers during a workshop for
teachers and teaching assistants.
[6] Lia Ossiander, currently researching in
Rostock, explains how the pollutant PCB
persists in Baltic Sea marine life.
Trang 10At the same time two panels were held
at the Park Inn Hotel Scholars GregoryMancini, Colleen Traughber, and alumnusScott Brunstetter, along with Dr Ulrich
Schneckener from the Stiftung für senschaft und Politik discussed the very
Wis-contemporary topic of post-conflict nationbuilding
Down the hall, transatlantic cooperation
in environmental policymaking was taken
up by a panel of guests coordinated by phi Research and including Richard Taras-ofsky and Walter Kahlenborn of Adelphi
Adel-Research, Helmut Weidner of the schaftszentrum Berlin, and Alexander Ochs from the Stiftung für Wissenschaft und Politik.
Wissen-T H E F U L B R I G H Wissen-T
A R T E X H I B I T I O N
On Wednesday night the Fulbright Art
Exhibition “Weiderweg” opened at the
Ful-bright Commission office The exhibition,which ran for the duration of the Berlin Se-minar, featured work by Marcus Ahlers andJacque Liu
Ahlers’ installation piece, stamm attempts to transport a sliced log
Erinnerungs-back to its natural environment through acombination of live grass and leaves projec-ted onto a screen
Pieces from Liu’s Berliner series had
guests craning their necks to get the bestview of the images produced with whitepowder on white paper
15
20
[14] Chatting visitors reflect in a window,
showplace for a piece from Jacque Liu’s
series, “Windows.”
[15] Visitors take in work by artist Jacque Liu
from a new angle.
[16] Fulbright artist Jacque Liu (second from left)
and guests at the Fulbright Art Exhibition.
[17] Fulbright Artist Marcus Ahlers with
his installation piece: Erinnerungsstamm.
[18] Playwright Michael Smart gives
a summary of his play
[19] From left to right, Fulbrighters Rebecca
Sponseller, Kelaine Vargas, and T J Korst
dancing through a scene from “Things Are
Going to Change”
[20] Public artist Richard Posner (standing
right) and two of his students model their
self-containers The container in front keeps
the occupant from falling asleep, while the
two worn in back allow the wearers to shut
out the world and reflect on themselves.
Trang 11A R T I S T I C E V E N T S
Wednesday night a handful of
Fulbrigh-ters put on back-to-back artistic events
First, public artist Richard Posner and
stu-dents modeled several of the
“Self-Con-tainers” constructed as part of an art
re-treat he conducted last year Each
contain-er was built from recyclable matcontain-erials and
was meant to enhance a virtue or inhibit a
particular vice of its creator
Following the presentation of the
Self-Container, director and Fulbrighter
Da-niel Brunet presented a reading of Blue
Sky, his translation of the German play
Blauer Himmel by Meike Hauch In the
play a couple copes with their recollections
[21] Yan Kvitko, currently studying at
the Conservatorium van Amsterdam, concentrates on Liszt.
[22] Musician Matthew Swihart,
currently studying at the Musikhochschule
in Detmold, Germany, on trumpet.
[23] Fulbrighter Orlando Román,
currently in Spain, enchants the audience with classical guitar.
[24] Erik Barness, Fulbrighter in Sweden,
shakes maracas to electro-acoustic music.
22 21
Trang 12of the collapse of the World Trade Center
on September 11, 2001
The final event of the evening was thesemi-production of an excerpt of the play,
Things Are Going to Change, I Can Feel It,
by Fulbright playwright Michael Smart.The play was directed by Fulbrighter LydiaSteier, who also acted alongside Fulbrigh-ters Kelaine Vargas, Rebecca Sponseller,and T J Korst The play follows the story
of the President of the United States (andflight attendant), played by Sponseller, asshe deals with the invasion of the UnitedStates by the United Kingdom
M U S I C G A L A
The Berlin Seminar ended on a cal note with the annual Music Gala, thistime at the Maxim Gorki Theater, onThursday night Organized by alumnusJoseph Nykiel, who also provided pianoaccompaniment, the Gala featured sixteenFulbright musicians from all over Europewho thrilled the audience with excerptsfrom several operas, Spanish guitar music,
musi-a piece for mmusi-armusi-acmusi-as musi-and much, much more
T H A N K S T O A L L
On Friday grantees and their familiesreturned to their host cities The week wasexhausting but rewarding and the Ful-bright Commission would like to thankeveryone who participated for their ent-husiasm and energy
26
27
[25] Mezzo-soprano Allison Watson(left)
and soprano Anna Evans sing a scene from the opera Anne Pedersdotter
by Fulbright scholar and librettist
Daniel Shore.
[26] Fulbright musicians take a bow.
[27] From left to right: Ines Horbert,
Erica Young, Catharina Rachold and Reiner Rohr of the Fulbright Secretariat.
Trang 13Dear Fulbright Commission, Before the Berlin Seminar began, I had no idea how much I would enjoy the lectures, the research reports, the tours, the cultural events, and the casual conversations at meals I was so impressed with the caliber of individuals I met, and felt very proud to be part of it all Sincerely,
Dear Fulbright Commission,
I want to thank you most sincerely for the marvelous Berlin Seminar last week It was a perfect occasion to renew friendships formed last fall with other Fulbrighters and to get to know still others Also my wife and
I had a very enjoyable time exploring the musical and art scene in Berlin, hearing the fine lectures you had arranged, taking a trip to Potsdam, etc., etc.
The Fulbright Music Gala was absolutely stunning, and we both found it encouraging to witness such a display of talent, especially at a time that is not the best for our country We also managed, after the Music Gala, to get most of the Fulbright philosophers together for drinks and conversation.
With thanks and best wishes,
J O H N S A L L I S
Trang 14Sehr geehrte Mitglieder der Fulbright Kommission,
angesehene Gäste und Fulbrightgenossin,
Herzlich willkommen zum 49 jährlichen Fulbright-Berlin
Seminar Es ist mir eine große Ehre, heute vor Ihnen zu stehen
und im Namen der diesjährigen Fulbrighter zu sprechen Bitte
erlauben Sie mir, mich vorzustellen und mich bei den Deutschen
und Amerikanischen Mitgliedern der Kommission für ein
un-glaubliches Fulbright-Jahr zu bedanken.
To the members of the Board, honored and distinguished
guests, and fellow Fulbrighters,
Warm greetings to all of you, and welcome to the 49th
an-nual Fulbright Berlin seminar It is an absolute honor to stand
before you today I would like to introduce myself to those of
you I do not already know, and I would like to thank the
German and American Board members on behalf of all
Ful-brighters for this unbelievable Fulbright experience
My name is Angela Kappler, and I grew up in both New
York State and New Jersey When I was younger, I thought that
New York City, which is about 10 miles from where I live, was
the center of the world In high school I developed a love of
journalism with the dream of studying at the Columbia School
of Journalism and one day heading The New Yorker magazine.
A little ambitious, maybe, but I chose a school which would
hopefully help me get there Through my four years at
Wel-lesley College in Massachusetts, I received an extraordinary
education
Wellesley is a women’s college, and people often ask why
I chose to study at a single-sex institution I can only answer
that Wellesley promises to produce ‘women who will make a
difference in the world.’ And I strongly believe in its motto,
‘Non Ministrari Sed Ministrare’ – that we are here not to be
served, but to serve others
At Wellesley I majored in English, and, to my surprise,
German While I grew up in an area of the United States in
which one is more likely to hear Spanish or+ Korean, much of
my decision to study German had to do with the fact that
my grandfather was born in Germany and immigrated to the
United States as a child When he passed away right before Ibegan college, I wanted to learn more about the country andthe language from which he originated
I absolutely loved my first German classes at Wellesley anddecided to apply for the Wellesley-in-Vienna study abroad pro-gram During college I also served as editor-in-chief of a jointWellesley-M.I.T publication, and I was able to combine myinterest in journalism and German by participating in two jour-nalism internships while in Vienna In the first, I worked as areporter for the Central European News Agency, and in thesecond I learned journalistic marketing from a freelance busi-ness writer These opportunities did not necessarily have theeffect I anticipated In many ways they confirmed my love forjournalism, but on the other hand they made me realize themany challenges that a career as a journalist presents.Despite a sometimes rocky study abroad experience, dur-ing my semester at the University of Vienna I felt a transfor-mation within me take place I felt very strongly that every day
in Vienna provided me with the unique opportunity to open
my mind to a whole new realm of possibilities For the firsttime I learned what it meant to live so far away from home,and about what eastern, not just western Europe, is like When
I thought about what I would do after graduation, all I knewwas that I needed to continue to expand my understanding
of the world in the same way that it was expanded through aliberal arts education and study abroad
I chose to apply for a Fulbright grant because, much as Ibelieved in Wellesley’s motto, I believe in Senator Fulbright’s –
‘We must dare to think unthinkable thoughts.’ After Vienna,
I learned that nothing is impossible If only we believe in change,
we are already more than halfway there to making it reality And like Senator Fulbright, I wanted to not only keep learningmore, but to begin to give back what I had learned Everydaythat is sometimes challenging as an American abroad and as aFulbrighter, because of the current political environment, makes
me realize that I can give back by engaging in dialogue with mycommunity and to try and promote understanding between ourtwo similar, and yet so different, societies
Address at the Opening Ceremony
of the 2003 Berlin Seminar
by Angela Kappler
Trang 15This year as a Fulbrighter has afforded all of us amazing
opportunities The Fulbright year has expanded my education
and professional goals in ways, which otherwise might have not
been possible I applied to study Germanistik at the Johann
Wolfgang Goethe Universität in Frankfurt am Main, with the
hope of gaining fluency in German and working as a foreign
correspondent on German current events I also hoped to
complete another internship, this time with the Frankfurter
Allgemeine Zeitung.
But before I even arrived in Germany, I realized that to
achieve my goals I would need to expand my education with
coursework in political science and economics Because my
undergraduate degree was in English and German, I first
thought that such a change might be ‘unthinkable.’ But while
challenging, my classes at the University of Frankfurt have
greatly expanded my knowledge about world events, and have
increased my prospects as a graduate school applicant for law
or international relations
The Fulbright experience has not only expanded my
edu-cation in ways I previously thought unimaginable, but it has
also greatly enhanced my prospects as a journalist In January
I participated in the Fulbright Hauptstadt Berlin Program with
several other Fulbright journalists and students Through this
seminar, Fulbright provided us with access to Germany’s most
important political, economic, and media institutions And
recently, I learned that through my application with the
Ful-bright internship program, I was accepted for a three month
position with Deutsche Welle, one of Germany’s largest news
broadcasters I am sure that I speak for everyone in thanking
the Fulbright American Program Unit for all of the time and
effort they devoted to helping this year’s Fulbrighters find
internships
On a personal note, my year as a Fulbrighter has a
mean-ingful connection with my own past While I never had the
opportunity to travel with my grandfather on one of his many
trips back to Germany, I had the honor of learning my
pre-viously unknown relatives in Durlach, a small town outside of
Karlsruhe Although no one else in my family can speak
Ger-man, I was able to reconnect with my grandfather’s familybecause of my language ability During my visit, one of my
relatives spoke to me, ‘Du sprichst besser Deutsch als dein Opa.’
(Your German is better than your grandfather’s.) Needless tosay, this was a great moment of personal victory, which I amsure we have all experienced in the course of this year
Since becoming a Fulbrighter, the world has changed, and
my own plans for the world have changed Journalism and New York City are no longer the only possibilities Germany
is no longer ‘that country in Europe’ where my grandfather used
to vacation and about which I knew very little I think that theFulbright experience is not only a realization of our dreams,but also a redirecting of them
To the members of the Board and both the American andGerman governments, I would like to say thank you for thisopportunity The theme of our conference this March is lead-ership, and you have provided us with the chance to becomenot only leaders in our academic fields, but perhaps even moreimportantly, in our own communities Thank you for allow-ing us to try ourselves and to push past our boundaries, bothacademic and personal
Ein ganz herzlicher Dank gilt der deutschen und nischen Regierung für die Möglichkeit, das Motto von Senator Fulbright zu erleben Ich danke Ihnen dafür, daß Sie uns nach Deutschland gebracht haben, und für die Erlaubnis, über Deutschland zu lernen und Deutschland uns kennenlernen
amerika-zu lassen.
Angela Kappler speaking at the Opening Ceremony
Trang 16War loomed, but the sun shone during
the annual Fulbright Commission
Intro-duction to the European Union and NATO
in March Nine American grantees based
in Germany joined a group of 35
Ameri-can scholars and teaching assistants from
18 European countries on a tour of the E.U
and NATO institutions based in
Luxem-bourg, Brussels, and Mons
“The seminar gave me a more concrete
grasp of what the European Union really
means,” said Kenneth Lukas, a Berlin-based
young scholar studying the E.U The group
of German grantees also included three
other young researchers and five young
pro-fessional journalists
The event opened with a cocktail
par-ty in the elegant residence of U.S
Ambas-sador to Luxembourg Peter Terpeluk, Jr
Participants mingled with distinguished
guests, including Mr Kurt H
Riechen-berg, Chief of Staff to the Court of Justice
President, before listening to a speech by
the Ambassador about life as an American
in Europe and the impending war in Iraq
His speech set the tone for a week of
visits to the five branches of the European
Union – the Court of Justice, the Court ofAuditors, the European Commission, theEuropean Council, the European Parlia-ment – and NATO While many of thequestion and answer sessions focused onthe process and politics involved in runn-ing multi-national organizations, as well asthe expansion of the E.U and NATO intoeastern Europe, exchanges also addressedthe evolving transatlantic relationship andthe rumbles of war that erupted into real-ity by the time the seminar wound to aclose
Presenters’ speeches and Powerpoint sentations enabled members of the groupwho had never studied the E.U and NATO
pre-to orient themselves with the tions’ structure, politics, and future plans
organiza-Grantees already familiar with the fineprint of the E.U.’s treaties or the details ofNATO’s military capabilities asked speci-fic questions related to their research pro-jects Elegant lunches with special guestsgave participants additional opportunities
to learn about the organizations fromSHAPE generals, U.S diplomats, and E.U
newsmakers
The American participants, who came
to Brussels from nearly every Europeancountry, including Norway, Ireland, Bul-garia and Hungary, had the opportunity toraise questions about their host countries
At the European Commission, for ple, Mr Declan Costello, Directorate Ge-neral for Economic and Monetary Affairs,fielded questions from German granteesabout the impact of Germany’s sluggisheconomic growth on other E.U countries Participants spent time outside of brief-ing rooms swapping stories about the Ful-bright experience in Europe The grouphad a chance to get to know one anotherduring bus rides, on a day to Brugge – theVenice of the North – and over dinner inBrussels’ world-famous restaurants Almost every evening was free, so gran-tees had an entire week to sample fare fromWest Africa, Thailand, Vietnam, Italy and,
exam-of course, Belgium Crisp French fries andbuttery waffles – both of which were in-vented in Belgium – were particular favo-rites Participants also headed to Brussels’cozy pubs to sample freshly brewed cherrybeer called Kriek
Event leader Maggie Nicholson, ecutive Director of the Belgium FulbrightCommission, called her adopted home
Ex-“Europe’s best kept secret.” By the end oftheir week in the capital of Europe, Ful-brighters had no choice but to agree thatthe land of chocolate, beer, waffles, andfries – not to mention the E.U and NATO– is indeed a gem
Trang 17Association of Friends & Sponsors Says Farewell to Professor Döser
Nearly 100 young German and
Ame-rican research associates and professors
met in Dresden on November 28 and 29,
2002, to critically evaluate the current state
of higher education in Germany and the
United States The meeting was the second
in a series of three conferences on
“Univer-sities of the Future.”
This conference series is sponsored by
the American Embassy in Germany, the
German-American Fulbright Commission,
the German Academic Exchange Service,
the Association of German Universities and
Other Higher Education Institutions, and
the Veranstaltungsforum der Verlagsgruppe Georg von Holtzbrinck.
As the first conference in Bonn (June2002) was designed as a gathering of sen-ior experts on higher education policy andhigher education management, the meet-ing in Dresden provided an opportunity for junior faculty to express their concernsand work on progressive suggestions for thefuture organization of higher learning, re-search, and education management
The workshop resulted in several posals for the reform of the German high-
pro-er education system They will be ted to a broader public during the finalconference, which is scheduled for June 4,
presen-2003, in Berlin – GS
Second ‘Universities of the
Future’ Conference Held
The Association of Friends and Sponsors of the German-American Fulbright Program paid tribute to its founding member and first chairman Professor Wulf Döser on January 22,
2003 After six years of service, fessor Döser was succeeded by Georg Bauer, a former board member of DaimlerChrysler Services
Pro-During a festive dinner in furt’s International Club, Georg Bauer lauded Professor Döser’s achievements
Frank-in creatFrank-ing a viable support network for the German-American Fulbright Program
In a lively presentation, Professor Barbara Ischinger, a former Executive Director of the German-America Ful- bright Commission, reminisced about the founding days of the Association Fulbright Commission Chairman
Dr Richard Schmierer expressed the gratitude of the Commission’s Board for Professor Döser’s relentless efforts
to create and support new Fulbright opportunities for highly talented Ger- man and American students.
During the dinner, Professor
Dös-er received the Commission’s
“Ful-bright Award of Honor.” – GS
Trang 18Experienced and aspiring journalists
spent three days in Germany’s chilly
capi-tal in January for an insider’s look at the
political, economic, and government
in-stitutions that generate headlines in the
nation’s newspapers The busy itinerary of
the first annual Hauptstadt Berlin Seminar
included lively discussion with
high-pro-file figures, tours of sleek new government
buildings, and intimate dinners with
dis-tinguished guests Participants, which
in-cluded five young professional journalists,
five young scholars, and a recent Fulbright
alumnus, also sat in on an official federal
press conference
The dynamic U.S.-German
relation-ship, along with party politics and fiscal
policy, dominated lively question and
ans-wer sessions – conducted in German – with
an impressive list of Berlin’s newsmakers
Despite a case of the flu, top Gerhard
Schroeder advisor Bernd Mützelburg took
time from his hectic schedule to describethe evolution of Germany’s foreign policy
Parliamentarian Hans-Ulrich Klose sed optimism in the future of U.S.-Ger-man relations in the wake of Schroeder’scontroversial election campaign As head
expres-of the U.S.-German Parliament Group and
a former Fulbright scholar, Mr Klose fered a particularly insightful perspective
of-S U RV E Y I N G T H E P O L I T I C A L
L A N D S C A P E
Other speakers navigated participantsthrough Germany’s notoriously complexpolitical landscape The PDS’s Petra Pau,CDU’s Laurenz Meyer, and Robert von
Rimscha, Parliament editor at Der spiegel shed light on party jockeying and
Tages-delivered forecasts for the already hotlycontested 2006 Chancellor race
The ailing German economy was thetopic of discussion during visits to the
Deutscher Industrie- und tag, the Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, where
Handelskammer-Dr Ursula Engelen-Kefer discussed laborunion strikes, and Deutsche Bank, whereexpert Dr Klaus Günter Deutsch fieldedquestions about the state of the world’sthird-largest economy
Other speakers introduced participants
to a range of issues making waves in many Marianne Birthler, Federal Repre-sentative in charge of the records of theState Security Services of the GDR ex-plained why there is a culture clash betweeneastern and western Germans Dr Bern-
Ger-hard May of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik described Germany’s
perspective on the war against terror And
Irene Liebau of Deutsche Bahn revealed the
railways race against auto drivers
Prominent media figures, including sanne Gelhard of ZDF television, Dr Ste-
Su-fan Elfenbein of the Berliner Zeitung, and Thomas Schnell-Burian of the Deutscher Journalisten Landesverband shared their ex-
periences as German journalists at homeand abroad Another speaker, former mem-ber of the parliament Volkmar Schultz,helped the Fulbright Commission designthe program
A visit to the heavily guarded U.S bassy in Berlin, where representatives fromthe press, economy, and political sectionsspoke, provided participants with the U.S.point of view on many of the issues ad-dressed throughout the week Mark Smith,press attaché, Tom Engle of the economicsection, and P Franz Seitz of the political
em-Fulbright Journalists Investigate the Capital
by Susan Buzzelli
Mr Hans-H Freiherr von Stackelberg, Head of the North American Division, speaking at the Bundespresseamt.
Dr Engelen-Kefer discusses labor relations with
Fulbright Young Journalist Brendan January.
Trang 19section discussed their objections to the
German media’s portrayal of the United
States and their pragmatic take on the
future of transatlantic relations
Participants ended each evening by
chatting and networking with journalists
and politicians over meals at popular
Ber-lin restaurants Dinner guests included
Dr Richard Schmierer, Chairman of the
Fulbright Commission
A L A S T I N G I M P R E S S I O N
While the chance to sit down with
high-ranking officials was the seminar
highlight, entry into Berlin’s shiny
build-ings enhanced the experience A tour of
the sleek metal and glass Office of the
Chancellor, a glimpse inside the recently
restored Reichstag, and the opportunity
to take in sweeping views over the city
from the Deutsche Bahn skyscraper had
par-ticipants oohing and aahing The closing
event, a production of Dr Caligari by the
American playwright Robert Wilson at the
Deutsches Theater, added a cultural
dimen-sion – and an encouraging display of
U.S.-German ties
The seminar sped by so quickly that
participants could hardly absorb
every-thing they had experienced during their
whirlwind tour of Europe’s most dynamic
city They have since realized that such a
comprehensive and intensive overview of
Berlin has given them the ability to
under-stand the story behind the Frankfurter
Allgemeine headlines and the N24
inter-views
Throughout the anniversary year of the German-American Fulbright Com- mission many events, held all over Ger- many, were dedicated to the Fulbright Commission’s 50th birthday
One of the last to wind up the year took place at the German-American Institute in Saarbrücken, near the west- ernmost border of Germany, on Nov- ember 7, 2002 The morning session, presented in cooperation with the Inter- national Office of the University of the Saarland in Saarbrücken, focused on the
Fulbright Program itself as well as tical tips for students and scientists who wish to apply in the future
prac-The afternoon session featured bright professor Greg Fowler, who gave
Ful-a lecture on “How teFul-aching is chFul-anging
in America.” His audience of German teachers engaged him in a lively discus- sion after the presentation
All participants felt that both ons contributed to a better understand- ing of the Fulbright Program and what
sessi-it can do for German universsessi-ities – BK
The benefits of modern cation could be observed directly at the symposium, “E-Learning – The School
communi-of The Future?” at the Amerika Haus in Munich on November 18, 2002 Pro- fessor Elliot Masie, one of the world’s leading experts and promoters of e- learning, delivered his keynote lecture live via digital video transmission from New York He stressed that e- or dis- tance-learning is not an alternative to traditional modes of teaching and learn- ing but rather an added opportunity Its advantages are ubiquitous access and the multi-national composition of e-learn- ing communities
Yet there are still many ties, as the presenters of the symposium pointed out What is the return on in- vestment in e-learning programs?
uncertain-How can the technology be best used
to present and convey learning rial? And how does one prevent stu- dents from “walking” out of an e-learn- ing class?
mate-Most e-learning programs are at their beginning, however, the sympo- sium also featured existing programs, such as the Virtual College of Bavaria and CLICK ONLINE, the computer- based learning program of the Univer- sity of Erfurt
The symposium was organized by the Bavarian American Academy in co- operation with the Bavarian American Center at the Amerika Haus, Munich, and the Consulate General of the Unit-
ed States in Munich in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the German-
American Fulbright Program – GS
Fulbright at 50 – Focus on Saarbrücken
E-Learning – The School of The Future?
Trang 20Creating the Chicano
The role of literature in developing
a Mexican-American identity
by Birte Künstler
Trang 21Ultima told me the stories and legends of my ancestors.
… From her I learned the glory and the tragedy of the
history of my people, and I came to understand how
that history stirred in my blood.” Like Ultima speaking to the
young boy, Antonio Marez, in Bless Me, Ultima, Chicano
litera-ture has given a voice to hundreds of years of Mexican-American
history in the United States History and literature are always
close-ly related, but almost nowhere is this connection more visible than
in Chicano literature, the literature of people of Mexican descent
living in the United States
The origin of the term Chicano is not clear, but it is
comm-only agreed that Chicano comes from a sloppy pronunciation of
“Mexicano” (Mexicano > Meshicano > Shicano > Chicano)
The term is often considered interchangeable with
Mexican-American, but there is a small difference, being Chicano is being
Mexican-American with a political commitment Chicanos are
conscious of their unique status in the United States and seek to
give their group its own identity rather than to melt into
main-stream society
What makes the status of Chicanos so unique is the historical
relationship between Mexico and the United States
With the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which
ended the Mexican-American war in 1848, Mexico ceded almost
one third of its land to the United States The majority of
Mexi-cans living in this area decided to stay on their land, as authorized
by the treaty They were also allowed to retain their property,
language, and traditions Despite the treaty’s provisions for the
protection of the Mexican people and of those who chose to
become American citizens, anti-Mexican sentiment grew in the
region and soon both Mexicans and Mexican-Americans became
subjected to discrimination, violation of their rights, and
second-class treatment
Much of the literature of this period was still written in
Span-ish and included romances, folk tales, and memoirs Another
popular genre was the Corrido, a narrative ballad that dealt with
a variety of topics including bandits, wars, unrequited love,
nat-ural disasters, or heroic crimes Corridos are still alive today and
have picked up current issues, even creating a whole sub-genre
about illegal drug trafficking (Narco-Corridos).
An open border and the import of Mexican labor during World War I expanded the Mexican-American community evenfurther and strengthened ties to Mexican culture and literary heritage This, however, changed drastically during the Depres-sion and through World War II, when Mexican-Americans werewidely viewed as scapegoats for economic problems, further alien-ating them from U.S society Because of patriotic sentiments theyexpressed for the U.S during the war, Mexican-Americans werealso estranged from their Mexican homeland and soon became
“foreigners in both countries.”
Proof and climax of the derogatory attitude towards Americans were the 1942 Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles when,
Mexican-in the aftermath of a court case, a group of U.S soldiers atically beat up Mexican-Americans wearing Zoot Suits, a typicalbaggy attire that the soldiers associated with anti-Americanism
system-Despite these events, it was not until the 1960s that the cano identity came into existence and we can talk of an actual Chicano literature The 1960s were marked by the tensions be-tween Mexican-Americans and Americans and by the activism ofChicanos to change this situation The topics of the time dealtwith finding an own identity, the immigrant experience, life in
Chi-the barrios (ghettos), and especially with social and political
pro-test against exploitation The literary production did not neglectaesthetic aspects but put an emphasis on establishing the Chicanoeconomically, politically, and socially within society
César Chávez’s fight against the exploitation of migrant farm
workers in California, for example, gave birth to the Teatro pesino, a Chicano migrant theater, founded by Miguel Luis Valdez,
Cam-that performed from the back of a pick-up truck, which drovefrom field to field The actos (short, 15-minute plays) at first drew from the conditions of the migrant workers, often includ-ing the laborers in their performances Later, the topics became
“
Trang 22politically broader and the audience more diverse Luis Valdez’s
most prominent production was Zoot Suit, a drama that focuses
on the 1942 trial and subsequent riots in L.A
Chicano poetry also flourished in the 1960s The most
strik-ing characteristic of Chicano poetry is its closeness to oral
tradi-tion and therefore its open-mindedness towards the use of
lan-guage Many poems appeared in bilingual verse or “Spanglish.”
Chicano poets not only used linguistics to find their own style,
but they also tried to shift away from the poetic traditions of both
countries, creating poems of free verse without rhyme or meter
In the center of Chicano poetry in the sixties stands Rudolfo
“Corky” Gonzalez’s poem “I am Joaquín,” which is seen as the first
manifesto of “Chicano-ness,” a self-construction about what it
means to be Chicano
The most important medium of expression for Chicanos has
always been fiction
Pocho by José Antonio Villareal (1959), often called the first
Chicano novel, started a line of successful Chicano prose Early
Chicano fiction mainly portrayed the physical experiences of
Chicanos in the U.S.: the rural/urban dichotomy, migrant life,
and the exploitation of labor Nevertheless, the stories
increasing-ly incorporated mystic elements and thus created a closeness to
the magic realism of Latin America Authors picked up and
rein-vented images of Mexican folklore and placed them in the U.S
context A rejection of traditional Catholicism and a return to the
pagan practice of curanderismo, healing with herbs and magic,
appears in a multitude of works, such as in Rudolfo Anaya’s Bless
me, Ultima, where an elderly curandera guides a young boy into
adulthood by renewing the ties to this mythical legacy
Chicano authors also took up the notion of Aztlán, the alleged
homeland and place of origin of native Mexican Indians in the
American Southwest
Contemporary Chicano literature, in many aspects, still
re-mains true to its origins in the 1960s but has also continued to
grow and develop thematically and aesthetically Especially the
Chicana has established her own voice in the canon, giving
ac-counts of what it means to be a woman in a minority dominated
by men Sandra Cisneros, for example, compiles those experiences
in her electrifying collection of short stories, Woman Hollering
Creek, and takes the reader into the Chicana world of the past
and present
Recently, Chicano literature has become more experimentaland the vast range of literary production gives proof of the ma-turity of the genre Even non-Chicano authors like T.C Boyle
(The Tortilla Curtain) dove into this genre, focusing especially on
current issues such as illegal immigration and contemporary cano life in the U.S
Chi-With the continuing emancipation of Chicanos in the UnitedStates, it will be very interesting to follow the development of thisgenre in the next few years
R E C O M M E N D E D R E A D I N G
Pocho by Jose Antonio Villarreal
The novel focuses on Richard Rubio, the son of a Mexicanimmigrant family in Depression-era California Richard ex-periences the intense conflict between loyalty to the tradi-tions of his family and new and confusing cultural, religious,and sexual pressures
Zoot Suit from Zoot Suit and Other Plays by Luis Valdez
Luis Valdez’s play illustrates the notorious 1942 SleepyLagoon case, where a group of 17 young Chicanos were con-victed of manslaughter under most dubious circumstances
Bless me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya
The curandera Ultima, an elderly women, who heals with
herbs and magic, comes to live with Antonio Marez’s ily in New Mexico She introduces him to the magical secrets
fam-of the pagan past and accompanies him during his cence
adoles-The Tortilla Curtain by T.C Boyle
The worlds of an upper-class yuppie couple and a Mexicanillegal immigrant couple collide when they are involved in
a tragic accident Though never discovering it, from then
on the two families’ fates circle around each other but thecouples are never able to communicate because they don’tshare a common language
Woman Hollering Creek by Sandra Cisneros
This collection of short stories portrays the vibrant life onboth sides of the U.S.-Mexican border From the secrets of
a 11-year-old girl to a witch circling the skies above a lage, the stories show some of the strengths, wisdom, andhopes of Chicanas
Trang 23vil-Turkish-German culture represents an undeniable aspect
of modern Germany Encompassing a rich musical
tradition from folk and classical to jazz and hip-hop,
diverse religious belief systems, a turbulent recent history, and
a rich literary tradition, Turkish culture is anything but simply
döner kebabs and belly dances As Margrit Fröhlich explains in
her essay, “Reinventions of Turkey: Emine Sevgi Özdamar’s Life
is a Caravanserai” even when that fact is recognized “the literature
and culture of minorities living in Germany still remain an
exot-ic addition to German culture rather than a factor that challenges
its dominant status.” This article will briefly recount the history
of the Turkish-German minority and then introduce two female
authors of Turkish heritage that write in German
In the early 1960s Germany contracted a labor agreement with
Turkey and the flow of Gastarbeiter – men and some women –
began soon afterwards Originally, this agreement was meant to
be temporary and both the Turkish immigrant workers and the
German government that received them expected a transitory
re-lationship Both parties, however, quickly recognized that the deal
was mutually unprofitable Factories were forced to constantly
train new employees every two or three years, while for the Turks,the land with the proverbial “streets of gold” turned into a grayreality: hard work, better pay than in Turkey, but also a moreexpensive cost of living “Next year we will return to Turkey,” manysaid, “but not yet.”
Eventually the German government realized it had sewn theseeds of something it had no interest in tending In 1973 the con-tract with Turkey was cancelled The workers already in Germanywere allowed to stay but no more were allowed to enter Familiesleft behind in Turkey were allowed to follow their breadwinners
to Germany The Familienzusammenführung, the second phase
of immigration, took place during the 1970s and actually
result-ed in an annual increase of Turks entering Germany rather than
a decrease
Not long after this, Turkey experienced a military coup and
so began the third phase – refugees and intellectuals seeking lum The fourth phase, globalization, began in the 1990s and con-tinues today Due to enormous strides made in technology andcommunication, Turkish people living in Germany can virtually
asy-“live” in Turkey Turkish magazines, newspapers, radio stations,
Trang 24and television stations are readily accessible, enabling one to hear,
speak, read, and write only Turkish
For the Turks who integrated themselves years earlier into the
German culture, these changes are not of great significance For
the younger generations, however, these advances provide them
with a crutch and an excuse to remain “foreign” in a world that
has been their “home” for years In some areas this has resulted
in a form of re-ghettoization of Turkish communities Instead of
advancing up the societal ladder, they regress, often due to
under-developed language skills and/or simply the lack of contact with
the surrounding society Many parents and others within the
Turk-ish community, however, are increasingly realizing the importance
of their children mastering the German language
During the 1970s and 80s a handful of Turkish immigrant
women began to write about their experiences The majority of
literature from this time period is considered
Betroffenheitsliter-atur Written in both Turkish and German, it tends to emphasize
the victimization of Turkish women Whether victims of abusivehusbands, family members, or German society, many of the imagesand stories presented confirmed the stereotype of the helplessTurkish female oppressed by her environment and unable to takeadvantage of the freedom offered her These books, though a part
of the development of the Turkish-German genre, when
regard-ed alone can result in a misunderstanding of the diverseness of theTurkish immigrant experience
Zehra Çirak has published four volumes of poetry,
winn-ing numerous awards along the way (1989, 2001 Chamisso-Preis, 1999–2000 Arbeitsstipendium der Robert Bosch Stiftung, amongst others) Çirak’s parents were guest workers and
Adelbert-von-she came to Germany in 1963 whenshe was three years old She is whatsome would consider a fully-assimila-
ted Turkish Mitbürgerin She is
mar-ried to a German, speaks accent-freeGerman, and possesses a Germanpassport Whether full assimilation
is viewed positively through the eyes
of the Turkish community is an tirely different and complicated top-
en-ic Çirak grew up speaking two languages and insists that she
nev-er felt the pressure to choose between the cultures “Ich bin ja mit beiden aufgewachsen Ich war nie zwischen den Kultur, ich habe immer beides gelebt,” she says
Çirak writes in German, often playing with the two languages.Her writing is lyrical and rarely mentions the Turkish factor Sheprefers it this way and does not go out of her way to bring in herTurkish roots During an interview last year, she repeatedly spoke
of her distaste for being shoved into the “Turkish” drawer If youare looking for something particularly Turkish about this poetry,you may not find it At best you’ll find the assertion of an inter-
national identity Here is an excerpt from “Kulturidentität” (Vogel auf dem Rücken eines Elefanten).
Also würde ich am liebsten japanisch aufwachen auf einem Bodenbett in Räumen mit transparenten Scheintüren Dann würde ich gerne englisch frühstücken, danach mit