Thiết kế bài giảng hóa học 10 nâng cao tập 2 NXB hà nội 2008

+ Atatin khong gap trong thien nhien, no duoc dieu che nhan tao bang cac phan ung hat nhan -^ Nhom halogen duoc nghien ciiu 6 day gom flo, clo, Yeu cau cac nhom HS thao luan v6i cac noi

Thiet ke bai giang

HOA HOC 10 - TAP HAI, NANG CAO

•

VU MINH H A NHA XUXT BAN HA N 6 I

Chiu trdch nhiem xudt ban:

THAI SON - SON LAM

Sila ban in:

PHAM QUOC TUAN

In 1000 cuon, khd 17 x 24 cm, tai Cong ty c6 phan in Khoa hoc va Cong nghe m6i Giay phep xuat ban so: 208 - 2007/CXB/46 p TK - 47/HN

In xong va nop IL/U chieu qu^ 1/2008

- Tinh chat hoa hoc dac trung cua cac halogen la tinh oxi hoa manh

- Mot so quy luat bien doi tinh chat vat li, tinh chat hoa hoc ciia cac halogen trong nhom

2 HS hieu:

- Vi sao tinh chat hoa hoc cua cac halogen bien doi c6 quy luat

- Nguyen nhan su bien doi tinh chat phi kim ciia cac halogen la do sir bien doi ve cau tao nguyen tir, do am dien

- Cac halogen c6 so oxi hoa - 1 ; trur flo, cac halogen khac c6 the c6 cac so oxi hoa + 1, + 3, + 5, + 7 la do do am dien va cau tao Icfp electron ngoai Cling ciia chung

B - CHUAN B! CUA GV VA HS

GV:

- May chieu, but da, giay trong

- Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen to hoa hoc

C-TIEN TRINH DAY - HOC

Hoat dpng ciia GV Hoqt dpng cua HS

Hoqt dpng 1

I NHOM HALOGEN TRONG BANG TUAN H O A N CAC NGUYEN TO

(9 phiit) HS:

Quan sat bang tuan hoan va nhan xet: Nhom halogen gom cac nguyen to

thuoc nhom VII A:

Yeu cAu HS quan sat \ i tri ciia cac

nguyen to halogen trong bang tuan hoan

\'a nhan xet (GV chieu cac cau hoi dinh

huong su quan sat cua HS len man hinh):

+ Nhom halogen gom nhimg nguyen to

nao?

+ Neu vi tri ciia tirng nguyen to

GV:

+ Gidfi thieu: halogen tieng latinh c6

nghia la sinh ra muoi

+ Atatin khong gap trong thien nhien,

no duoc dieu che nhan tao bang cac

phan ung hat nhan -^ Nhom halogen

duoc nghien ciiu 6 day gom flo, clo,

Yeu cau cac nhom HS thao luan v6i

cac noi dung sau:

+ Viet cau hinh electron lop ngoai cua

cac nguyen to halogen, nhan xet \'e sir

giong nhau \ a khac nhau \'e cau hinh

lop ngoai ciing ciia cac halogen

- Nhan xet so electron doc than d trang

thai CO ban va a trang thai kich thich

Tir do so sanh va giai thich v6 so oxi

hoa ciia cac halogen

- Viet cong thuc cau tao ciia cac phan

tir halogen va nhan xet ve lien ket giira

cac nguyen tir

GV:

Goi cac nhom phat bieu y kien, GV

chieu len man hinh

- Nguyen tir clo, brom, iot c6 phan Icfp

d con trong, a trang thai kich thich c6

th6 CO 3, 5 hoac 7 electron doc than HS:

- Phan til don chat halogen gom 2 nguyen tir, lien ket v6i nhau bang lien ket cong hoa tri khong cue

- Cong thiJc phan tir: X2

- Cong thiic cau tao: X - X

- Cong thilc electron: : X : X :

Hoqt dpng 3

III KHAI QUAT VE TINH CHAT CUA CAC HALOGEN (20 phiit)

1) Tinh chat vat li:

GV:

Chieu len man hinh va gidfi thieu mot

so tinh cha't vat li co ban cua cac

nguyen to halogen nhu trang thai, mau

sac, nhiet do nong chay, nhiet do soi, do

am dien

GV:

Chieu cac he thong cau hoi len man

hinh va goi HS Ian luot tra Idi:

- Dua vao cau hinh electron ciia

nguyen tir cac halogen, em hay dir doan

ve tinh chat hoa hoc co ban ciia cac

halogen?

HS:

Nghe va ghi bai

2) Tinh chat hoa hoc:

Tra Icfi cac cau hoi cua GV

- So sanh cac tinh chat co ban ciia cac

halogen?

- Nhan xet va du doan ve cac so oxi

hoa cua flo, clo, brom, iot

GV:

Chieu va tom tat cac noi dung can tra

Idi ciia cac cau hoi tren

GV:

Hoqt dpng 4

CUNG CO B A I - B A I TAP VE N H A (2 phut)

HS:

Goi mot HS torn tat lai cac noi dung co

ban ve nhom halogen

- Trong mot so phan ung clo con the hien tinh khii

3 HS van dung:

Viet cac phuong trinh hoa hoc minh hoa cho tinh oxi hoa manh va tinh khir cQa clo, phuong trinh hoa hoc cua phan ling dieu che clo trong phong thi nghiem

B - CHUAN Bj CUA GV VA HS

GV:

- Tranh ve so do binh dien phan dung dich NaCl co mang ngan

- Hai lo chiJa khi clo dilu che san, day nap, den con, kep sat

C - TIEN TRINH DAY - HOC

Hoqt dpng cua GV Hoqt dpng cua HS

Hoqt dpng 1

KIEM TRA B A I C U - CHUA B A I TAP VE N H A (5 phiit)

GV:

Kiem tra li thuyet HS 1:

Cau hinh electron nguyen tir cua cac

nguyen to trong nhom halogen co diem

gi giong va khac nhau? Tir do neu khai

quat ve tinh chat ciia cac halogen

Cho HS quan sat lo thuy tinh chiia clo

—> yeu cau HS quan sat ket hop vofi doc

SGK va neu tinh chat vat li ciia clo

Neu tinh chat vat li cua clo:

- 0 dieu kien thucmg, clo la chat khi mau vang luc, miii xoc, nang hon khong khi 2,5 Ian (d CI

Hoqt dpng 3

11 TINH CHAT H O A HOC CUA CLO (20 phiit) GV:

Yeu cau HS viet cau hinh electron cua

clo, tra bang do am dien va du doan tinh

chat hoa hoc co ban cua clo

GV:

GV gi6i thieu cac tinh chat cua clo va

yeu cau HS viet phuong trinh phan ling

minh hoa (HS ghi ro so oxi hoa cua cac

nguyen to co su thay doi)

GV:

Trong cac phan ling tren, clo the hien

tinh khu hay tinh oxi hoa? So oxi hoa

cua clo tang hay giam? (goi HS tra lofi)

GV:

Hudfng dan HS viet cac phuong trinh

phan ling cua clo vofi nudfc, dung dich

HS:

Viet cau hinh electron va du doan tinh chat hoa hoc co ban cua clo:

Cau hinh: 3s^3p^

- Nguyen tu clo d6 thu them 1 electron

de tro thanh anion CI:

0

CI + 1 e - ^ CI 3s^3p-^ 3s^3p^

- Clo CO do am dien 3,16 (nho hon do

am dien cua flo va oxi Vi vay trong cac hgfp chat vofi flo, oxi, clo co so oxi hoa duong (+ 1, + 3, + 5, + 7), con trong cac hgfp chat v6i nguyen to khac: clo co so oxi hoa am (-1)

- Clo la mot phi kim hoat dong manh, trong mot so phan ling, clo cung the hien tinh khir

Tinh chat hoa hoc cua clo 1) Tac dung hau het kim loai:

0 0 +

-2Na + Cl2 ^ 2 N a C l

0 0 +3

-2Fe + 3Cl2 ^ 2 F e C l 3 2) Tac dung v6i hidro:

0 0

H2 + C l 2 - > 2 C 1 Trong cac phan ling o tinh chat 1, 2: clo the hien tinh oxi hoa

3) Tac dung vofi nudfc va dung dich kiern:

0 - +

H2O+ CI2 ^ CI + H C 1 0

NaOH, dung dich KOH Xac djnh so

oxi hoa cua cac nguyen to va nhan xet

ve vai tro ciia clo a cac phan ling tren

GV:

Neu cau hoi: Nho vai giot nudfc clo mdfi

dugc di^u che va vai giot nudfc gia ven

vao maiu giay qui tim thi qui tim chuyen

mau nhu the nao?

GV:

Gidi thieu vdi HS: clo khong oxi hoa

duoc ion F nhung oxi hoa dugc ion Br

va ion I trong dung dich muoi

halogenua

GV:

Yeu cau HS ghi cac so oxi hoa ciia cac

nguyen to' vao phuong trinh phan ling

GV:

Cac phan ling tren chiing minh trong

nhdm halogen: tinh oxi hoa ciia clo

manh manh hon brom va iot

GV:

Gidfi thieu: clo oxi hoa dugc nhi6u chat

khac (GV hudng dan HS viet phuong

trinh phan irng va xac dinh so oxi hoa

ciia cac nguyen tir)

0 - +

CI 2+ 2NaOH->Na CI + Na CI O + H2O

(Nu6c gia ven)

- Nudfc clo va nu6c gia ven cd tinh tay mau

- Trong cac phan ling tren: clo vira la

chat oxi hoa, vira la chat khii -^ cac

phan ling tren la nhirng phan irng tu oxi hoa - khii

HS:

Tra Idi cau hoi

4) Tac dung v6i muoi ciia cac halogen khac:

0 _ - 0

CI2 + 2NaBr -^ 2NaCl + Br2

0 _ - 0

CI2 +2NaI ->2NaCl + I2

5) Tac dung vdfi chat khii khac:

0 +4 - +6

Q 2 + 2H2O + S 0 2 ^ 2H CI + H2SO4

Q 2 + 2 F e C l 2 ^ 2 F e C l 3

Hoqt dpng 4 (5 phut)

III U N G DUNG

IV TRANG T H A I T U N H I E N

GV:

Yeu cau HS doc SGK va tdm tat phan

ling dung, trang thai tu nhien

GV:

Neu nguyen lieu de dieu che clo va lam

thi nghiem dieu che clo

-^ goi HS viet phuong trinh phan ling

dieu che clo tir KMn04, Mn02, KCIO3

va each thu khi clo (ghi ro so oxi hoa

cua cac nguyen to va can bang phuong

trinh phan irng bang phuong phap thang

bang electron)

HS:

+ Neu ling dung:

+ Trang thai tu nhien:

Hoqt dpng 5

V DIEU CHE (7 phiit)

1) Trong phong thi nghiem:

- Yeu cau HS giai thich ve vai tro cua

H2SO4 dac, dung dich NaCl, bong tam

NaOH trong cac dung cu, so do diSu

che khi clo

- Hoi HS: Khi thu khi clo, vi sao ta phai

dat diing binh thu?

GV:

Gi6i thieu each san xuat clo trong cong

nghiep

GV treo tranh va phan tich vai tro cua

mang ngan -^ goi HS viet phuong trinh

Nhac lai cac noi dung chinh cua bai

Tiet 49 LUYEN TAP

C-TIEN TRINH DAY - HOC

Hoqt dpng cua GV Hoqt dpng cua HS

Hoqt dpng 1

I KIEM TRA B A I CU - CHUA B A I TAP VE N H A (20 phiit)

GV:

Kiem tra li thuyet hai HS:

- Neu tinh chat hoa hgc ciia clo, viet

cac phuong trinh phan ling minh hoa

- Neu nguyen tdc dieu che' clo trong

phong thi nghiem va trong cong nghiep

Viet cac phuong trinh phan ling dieu

Phuong trinh phan ling:

MnO, + 4HCI - -^ MnCl2 + CI2T

+ 2H2O (1) CI2 + 2NaOH -> NaCl + NaClO + H2O

(2) 69,6

n MnO-,

87 = 0,8 (mol) nNaOHbandau = 0 , 5 x 4 = 2(mol) theo phuong trinh 1:

GV:

Ggi cac em HS khac len nhan xet, GV

bo xung va cham diem

nci2 = "Mn02 = 0'8 (mol)

theo phuong trinh 2:

nwaOH phan Aig = 2 HQ^ = 0,8x2 = 1,6 (mol)

+2 0 +3 - 1

a) 2 F e C l 2 + C l 2 ^ 2 F e C l 3 -> CI2 la chat oxi hoa

0 +4 - 1 +6

b) CI2 + SO2 + H2O ^ 2H CI + H2 SO4

-^ CI2 la chat oxi hoa

Chieu bai tap 1 trong phieu hgc tap len

man hinh - yeu cau HS lam bai tap vao

vd

Trong cac phan irng tren, phan ling nao

la phan ling oxi hoa khir? vi sao?

GV:

Chieu bai lam ciia mot so' HS len man

hinh va nhan xet

GV:

Yeu cau HS lam bai tap 2 (GV chieu

de bai len man hinh)

Bai tap 2:

Cd hdn hgp gom Fe va kim loai A cd

hoa tri khong doi x

- Neu hoa tan hdn hgp trong HCl du,

thu dugc 7,84 lit khi

- Neu cho hdn hgp tren tac dung het

vdfi clo thi can mot the tich la 8,4 lit

a) Tinh the tich khi clo da hoa hgp vdfi

kim loai A, bie't rang trong hdn hgp, ti

le so' nguyen tii Fe va A la 1: 4

b) Neu khd'i lugng kim loai A trong hdn

hgp la 5,4 gam thi A la kim loai gi?

(the tich cac khi do a dktc)

la phan ling oxi hoa - khii vi cd su thay doi so' oxi hoa cua cac nguyen to

HS:

Viet phuong trinh phan ling:

GV chie'u len man hinh Fe + 2HC1 -> FeCl2 + H2

+ Ggi so' mol Fe cd trong hdn hgp 0 mdi thi nghiem tren la a ^^ so' mol ciia

A la 4a + Ta cd he:

a + 2ax = ^ ^ = 0,35

22,4 1,5a + 2ax = 8,4 0,375

22,4 Giai he phuong trinh ta cd:

5 4

M = ^ ^ = 27

^ 0,2 vay A la Al

Hoqt dpng 4 {\ phiit)

GV:

-> CL

Ra bai tap ve nha: bai tap 5.8; 5.9; 5.12;

5.18; 5.19 (sach bai tap trang 39, 40)

PHIEU HOC TAP Bai tap 1:

Hoan thanh phuong trinh phan ling cho so do:

CI2 — ^ HCl ^ - ^ BaCl2 ^ - > NaCl r ^,^

Trong cac phan ling trdn, phan ling nao la phan irng oxi hoa khu? Vi sao?

Bai tap 2:

Cd hdn hgp gom Fe va kim loai A cd hoa tri khong doi x

- Neu hoa tan hdn hgp trong HCl du, thu dugc 7,84 lit khi

- Ne'u cho hdn hgp tren tac dung het vdfi clo thi can mot the tich la 8,4 lit a) Tinh the tich khi clo da hoa hgp v6i kim loai A, biet rang trong hdn hgp,

ti le so' nguyen tii Fe va A la 1: 4

b) Neu khd'i lugng kim loai A trong hdn hgp la 5,4 gam thi A la kim loai gi? (the tich cac khi do 6 dktc)

Tiet 50 HIDRO CLORUA - AXIT CLOHIDRIC

A-MUCTIEU

1 HS biet:

- Tinh chat vat li, tinh chat hoa hgc cua hidro clorua va axit clohidric

- Ti'nh chat ciia muoi clorua va each nhan biet ion clorua

2 HS hieu:

- Trong phan tii HCl: clo cd so oxi hoa - 1 la so' oxi hoa thap nhat, vi vay HCl the hien tinh khir

- Nguyen tac dieu che' hidro clorua trong phong thi nghiem va trong cong nghiep

- Chau thuy tinh dung H2O

- Thi nghiem dieu che' hidro clorua; thi nghiem nhan biet ion CI"

- Hoa chat: NaCl, H2SO4, dac, dung dich AgN03, dung dich NaCl

- Dung cu: den con, d'ng nghiem, d'ng dan khi, gia sat

C - TIEN TRINH DAY - HOC

Hoqt dpng cua GV Hoqt dpng cua HS

Hoqt dpng 1

I KIEM TRA B A I CU - CHUA B A I TAP VE N H A (10 phiit)

GV:

Kiem tra li thuyet HS 1: Neu cac tinh

chat hoa hgc cua clo

- Ggi hai HS chira bai tap 3, 4 (SGK

nci2 = "Mno^ = 0.8 mol CI2 + 2 N a O H - > NaCl + N a C l O + H2O nNaOHbandau = 0 , 5 x 4 = 2 m o l

theo phuong trinh 2:

"NaCl = nNaCio = " a ^ = 0,8 mol

-^ "NaOH phan tag = 0 ' 8 X 2 = 1,6 m o l

"NaOH dir= 2 - 1 , 6 = 0,4 mol

*) dung dich thu dugc sau phan ling cd: NaOH, NaCl, NaClO

b)

CI2 + SO2 + H2O -^ 2HC1 + H2SO4

CI2 la chat oxi hoa

0 +

2Ca(OH)2 + 2 CI 2 ^ Ca (CI 0)2

+ CaCl2 +2H2O CI2: viia la chat khu vira la chat oxi hoa

Hoqt dpng 2

I TINH CHAT VAT LI (5 phiit) GV:

Cho HS quan sat binh dung khi HCl,

sau dd lam thi nghiem thii tinh tan cua

hidro clorua trong nudfc -^ yeu cau HS

nhan xet ve tinh chat vat li ciia hidro

Gidi thieu: hidro clorua khd khong lam

qui tim doi mau, khdng tac dung vdfi

CaC03 de giai phong khi CO2

- Dung dich hidro clorua trong nude

ggi la dung dich axit clohidric

Nghe giang va ghi bai

GV:

Yeu cau cac nhdm thao luan de du doan

tinh chat hoa hgc cua HCl (dua vao

trang thai oxi hoa cua clo, thanh phan

phan tu ) \ a viet cac phuong trinh phan

ling minh hoa

GV:

Ggi y de HS nit ra dugc tinh oxi hoa

ciia nguyen tu hidro trong phan tii HCl

(d phan ling vdi kim loai)

GV:

Ggi HS giai thich: \ i sao HCl (d the khi

xa trong dung dich) cd tinh khir?

GV:

Ket luan ve tinh chat ciia HCl:

- Tinh axit manh, tinh oxi hoa

- Dung dich HCl la axit manh

- Tac dung vdi oxit bazo

2HC1 + CaO -^ CaCl2 + H2O

- Tac dung vdi bazo

NaOH + HCl -^ NaCl + H2O Mg(0H)2 + 2HC1 -^ MgCl2 + 2H2O

- Tac dung vdi mud'i

CaCOg + 2HC1 -^ CaCl2 + C 0 2 t + H2O

- Tac dung vdi kim loai (diing trudc H trong day hoat ddng hoa hgc)

Lam thi nghiem dieu che' HCl va gidi

thieu nguyen lieu de dieu che', each lap

dat

1) trong phong thi nghiem

GV:

Yeu cau HS nhac lai nguyen tac dieu

che' hidro clorua trong phong thi

nghiem (nguyen lieu, each thu, phuong

trinh phan ling )

-t">400"C

-> NaHS04 + HC1 -> Na2S04 + 2HC1 + Cach thu khi HCl:

- Thu khi HCl bang each day khdng khi (dat diing binh thu)

- Hoa tan khi HCl vao nude, ta dugc dung dich axit "clohidric

2) Trong cong nghiep:

Sir dung bang tinh tan va gidi thieu ve

mud'i ciia axit HCl -> yeu cau HS nhan

xet ve tinh tan

GV:

Gidi thieu ve mot so' mud'i cd ling dung

quan trgng VI du: NaCl, ZnCl2,

AICI3

1) Muoi ciia axit clohidric:

HS:

Nhan xet ve tinh tan ciia mud'i clorua:

- Da so' mud'i clorua de tan trong nude: NaCl, KCl, MgCl2

- Mot so' mud'i clorua h£u nhu khdng tan: AgCl, PbCl2, CuCl

GV:

Lam thi nghiem: nho dung dich

AgN03 vao dung dich NaCl -^ yeu cau

HS nhan xet hien tugng va neu each

nhan biet ion CI Viet phuong trinh

phan ling

2) Nhan biet ion clorua:

HS:

Riit ra nhan xet:

Dung dich AgN03 la thud'c thu de nhan biet ion CF (hien tugng: xuat hien ke't tua trang)

AgN03 + NaCl -^ NaN03 + AgClJ'

Trinh bay phuong phap hoa hgc de

phan biet cac dung dich: HCl, HNO3,

NaCl, NaNO,

HS:

Nhac lai noi dung chinh cua bai

HS:

Neu each lam bai tap 1

- Danh sd' thii tu cac Ig hoa chat va lay mau thii

- Nho cac gigt dung dich vao qui tim

- Neu qui tim chuyen dd: la dung dich HCl, HNO3 (nhdm 1)

- Neu qui tim khdng chuyen mau la NaCl, NaN03 (nhdm 2)

+ Ldn lugt nho dung dich AgN03 vao cac dung dich ciia nhdm 1 va nhdm 2

- O nhdm 1: ne'u c6 ket tiia la dung

dich HCl, con lai la dung dich HNO3

HCl + AgN03 -^ AgCli + NaNOg

- C) nhdm 2: ne'u cd ket tua la dung dich NaCl

NaCl + AgNOj -> AgCli + NaN03 con lai la NaNOg

GV:

Nhan xet bai lam cua HS va cham

diem

• Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (SGK tr 130)

Tiet 51 - 52 HOP CHAT CO OXI CUA CLO

A-MUCTIEU

1 HSbiet:

- Cong thiic, ten ggi mot so' oxit va axit cd oxi cua clo

- Quy luat bien doi tinh oxi hoa va do ben ciia cac hgp chat cd oxi cua clo

- Tinh chat chung ciia cac hgp chat cd oxi cua clo la tinh oxi hoa

- Phan ling dieu che' va ling dung cua nude Gia-ven, mud'i clorua vdi

2 HS hieu:

- Trong hgp chat cd oxi ciia clo, clo cd sd' oxi hoa duong

- Hgp chat cd oxi ciia clo cd tinh oxi hoa

3 HS van dung:

- Giai thich tinh tay trang, sat triing ciia nude Gia-ven va clorua vdi

- Viet dugc mot so' phan ling dieu che' nude Gia-ven, clorua vdi, mud'i clorat

B - CHUAN Bj CUA GV VA HS

GV:

- May chie'u, gia'y trong, but da, bang nhdm

- Nude Gia-ven

- Mau clorua vdi, KCIO3, giay mau

- Ong hiit, dng nghiem, kep gd

Kiem tra li thuyet HS 1: Neu cac tinh

chat hoa hgc cua HCl Giai thich va viet

phuong trinh phan ling minh hoa

Ggi hai HS chCra bai tap 4, 6 (SGK

KCIO3 + 6HCI - ^ KCl + 3CI2 + 3H2O

HCl + AgN03-> AgCl i + HNO3

Theo phuong trinh (2)

(1) (2)

GV:

Cd the ggi HS lam bai tap 6 theo each

khac GV chira va cham diem

Hoqt dpng 2

1 SO LUOC VE cAC OXIT vA c A c AXIT CO OXI CUA CLO (5 phiit)

n AgCl 7,175

108 + 35,5 = 0,05 mol theo dau bai: n (-| < n p^

ggi sd' mol CI2 da phan irng la a

^ a = 0,2

^HCi (1) - 2a = 0,4 mol UpjQ thu dugc td'i da la: 0,3 x 2 = 0,6 mol

Gidi thieu ve cac oxit va cac axit cd

oxi ciia clo

(GV chie'u len man hinh: cong thiic ciia

cac axit, each ggi ten cac axit cd oxi

ciia clo va nguyen tac ggi ten cap

Ggi mot HS xac dinh sd' oxi hoa cua

clo trong cac axit tren (GV chie'u Ten

man hinh)

GV:

Chie'u len man hinh va gidi thieu su

thay doi tinh oxi hoa, tinh axit ciia cac

axit cd oxi ciia clo:

Tinh ben va tinh axit tang

Ggi mot HS viet phuong trinh phan ling

tao thanh nude Gia-ven ,

GV:

Giai thich ve tinh oxi hoa ciia nude

Gia-ven (chie'u phuong trinh phan ling

len man hinh) -> ggi mot HS so sanh

tinh axit cua axit HCIO vdi H2CO3

1) Nude Gia-ven HS:

Viet phuong trinh phan ling:

CI2 + 2NaOH -> Na CI +Na CI 0+HoO

Nu6c Gia-ven HS:

Nghe va ghi bai:

- La mud'i cua axit ra't ye'u, NaClO (trong nude Gia-ven) de tac dung vdi CO2 cua khdng khi tao thanh axit hipocloro

NaClO + CO2 + H2O -^ NaHC03

+ HC10

GV:

Ggi mdt HS neu ling dung ciia nude

Gia-ven (GV chie'u len man hinh)

GV:

Gidi thieu phan ling, dieu kien cua

phan irng tao thanh clorua vdi va chieu

len man hinh

-^ ggi HS xac dinh so' oxi hoa ciia clo

trong phan ling

GV:

Giai thich: clorua vdi la mud'i hdn hgp

cua canxi vdi hai loai gd'c axit la clorua

(CI) va hipoclorit (CIO) -> hudng dan

HS xac dinh so' oxi hoa cua clo trong

phan tii CaOCl2 —> xac dinh sd oxi hoa

ciia clo trudc va sau phan irng

GV:

Cho HS quan sat mlu clorua vdi va

nhan xet mdt sd tinh chat vat II

GV:

Giai thich ve tinh oxi hoa manh ciia

clorua vol - hudng dan HS viet phuong

trinh phan ling ciia clorua vdi vdi HCl

va vdi CO2, H2O (trong khdng khi ^m)

-^ GV chie'u lai phuong trinh phan ling

len man hinh

- Do cd tinh oxi hoa manh, axit HCIO

cd tac dung sat triing, t^y trang sgi vai, gia'y

HS:

Neu ling dung: nude Gia-ven cd tinh oxi hoa manh, dugc diing de tdy trang sgi vai, gia'y Nd con dugc dung de sat triing va t^y ue' nha ve sinh

2) Clorua vdi:

HS:

Viet phuong trinh phan ling: cho khi CI2 tac dung vdi vdi tdi hoac vdi siia CI2 + Ca(0H)2 30° C ^ CaOCl2

+ H2O

HS:

Quan sat va nhain xet tinh chat vat li cua clorua vdi: la chat bgt mau trang, cd mau xdc ciia khi clo

HS:

Vie't phuong trinh phan ling:

- Khi tac dung vdi axit HCl, clorua vdi giai phdng khi CI2:

CaOCl2 + 2HCI -^ CaCl2 + CI2 + H2O

- Trong khdng khi am, clorua vdi tac

GV:

Ggi HS neu ling dung ciia clorua vdi,

sau dd GV chieu cac ling dung cua

clorua vdi len man hinh

GV:

Gidi thieu: mud'i clorat la mud'i ciia axit

cloric (HCIO3) Mud'i clorat quan trgng

hon ca la kali clorat (KCIO3)

GV:

Yeu cau HS viet phuong trinh phan ling

cua clo vdi dung dich KOH, sau dd GV

hudng dan HS viet phuong trinh phan

ling tao ra kali clorat va so sanh dieu

kien ciia 2 phan ling tren, xac dinh sd

oxi hoa cua clo trong phuong trinh phan

ling

GV:

Ggi mot HS cho biet vai tro cua clo

trong phan ling tren (CI2 vira la chat oxi

hoa, vira la chat khii.)

GV:

Gidi thieu: kali clorat con dugc dieu

che' bang each dien phan dung dich HCl

25% 0 nhiet do 70°C- 75°C (GV chieu

cau nay len man hinh)

dung vdi CO2, hoi nude lam thoat ra axit hipocloro:

2CaOCl2 + CO2 + H2O -^ CaC03

+ CaCl2 + 2HC10

3) Muoi clorat:

a) Dieu che HS:

Viet phuong trinh phan ling: khi cho clo tac dung vdi dung dich kiem ndng thi phan ling khdng tao ra mud'i hipoclorit ma tao ra mud'i clorat:

GV:

Cho HS doc SGK hoac quan sat mSu

KCIO3 va nhan xet

-^ GV gidi thieu them va ggi y HS lien

he kie'n thiic cii de neu dugc mdt sd tinh

chat hoa hgc cua KCIO3 nhu tinh chat

oxi hoa manh

-Go HS nhac lai cac noi dung chinh ciia

bai (GV chie'u len man hinh)

GV:

Yeu cau HS lam bai tap 4 (SGK tr

134)

b) Tinh chat HS:

Quan sat mSu KCIO3 va nhan xet ve tinh chat vat 11

+ O trang thai ran:

- KCIO3 la chat oxi hda manh:

2KCIO3 — ^ 2KC1 + 3O2

- Hdn hgp KCIO3 vdi S va C se no khi dap manh

c) Lfng dung HS:

-> MnCl2 + CI2

+ H2O

0 - +

CI 2 + N a O H ^ Na CI + Na CI O + H2O b) Kali clorat:

3CL2 + 6 K 0 H

Nir6c Gia-ven

-> 5KC1 + KCIO

+ 3 H , 0

GV:

Chie'u bai lam ciia mdt so HS len man

hinh va nhan xet, cham diem

• Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 5, (SGK tr 134)

1 Cung cd kien thiirc

- Cau tao nguyen tu, ca'u tao phan tir, tinh cha't va ling dung cua clo

- Hgp cha't ciia clo:

+ Hgp chat cd oxi ciia clo cd tinh oxi hoa

+ Axit clohidric cd tinh axit manh va cd tinh khii cua gd'c clorua

- Dieu che' clo va hgp chat ciia clo

B - CHUAN Bj CUA GV vA HS

GV:

May chie'u, biit da, gia'y trong, bang nhdm

HS:

On tap cac kie'n thiic ve clo va cac hgp chat ciia clo

C - TIEN TRINH DAY - HOC

Hoqt dpng cua GV Hoqt dpng cua HS

Hoqt dpng 1

A KIEN THUC CAN NAM VUNG (15 phut) GV:

Yeu cau HS vie't cau hinh electron -^

du doan tinh chat cua clo

GV:

Yeu cau HS thao luan nhdm de dien vao

cac noi dung cd trong bang sau:

Chie'u bai lam ciia cac nhdm len man

hinh, nhan xet, cham diem

GV:

Hoqt dpng 2

B , B A I TAP (28 phut)

HS:

Yeu cau HS lam bai tap 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

vao vd Sau dd GV ggi mot so HS len

chira, hoac chieu bai lam cua HS len

man hinh va nhan xet

GV:

Ggi HS vie't phuong trinh phan ling cua

bai tap 1 len bang

Lam bai tap vao vd

Bai tap 1: chgn B CI2 + 2NaOH - ^ NaCl + NaClO + H2O CI2 + 2NaBr - ^ 2NaCl + Br2

CI2 + 2NaI -^ 2NaCl + I2

Bai tap 2:

Phuong trinh phan ling:

-> 2NaCl l)Cl2 + 2Na -

2)2NaCl + 2H2O ^P ^ ^ ) NaOH

+ CI2 + H2 3) NaCl, + H2SO4 J — ^ NaHSO 4

+ HC1 4) HCl + NaOH-H

5)4HCld + Mn02

NaCl + H2O -^ MnCl2 + CI2

+ 2H2O 6)Cl2 + H 2 -

c) K2SO4 + BaCl2 -^ BaS04 + 2KC1

GV:

GV cd the ggi y HS lam bai tap 5 bang

cac budc:

- Viet phuong trinh phan ling

- Dat an so va lap phuong trinh dua

vao so electron cho, nhan

- Giai he phuong trinh, tinh toan

phan

H2O

2) CaOa2 + 2 H a -^ CaCl2 + O.2 + H2O

3) 0 2 + 2NaOH ^ NaCl + NaQO

+ H2O

4) NaQO + 2HC1 -^ NaQ + CI2 + H2O

5) 0 2 + 6K0H ^ ^ K a 0 3 + 5 K a

+ 3H2O 6) K a 0 3 + 6 H a ^ K Q + 302 + 3H2O Bai tap 5:

Phuong trinh phan ling:

Mg + C l 2 ^ M g C l 2 (1) 2Mg + 0 2 - ^ 2MgO (2) 2A1 + 3CI2 - ^ 2AICI3 (3)

4A1 + 3O2 -^ 2AI2O3 (4)

Ggi so mol CI2 va O2 cd trong hdn hgp

A Ian lugt la x, y

- Theo dinh luat bao toan khd'i lugng:

mh5nhgpA= 3 7 , 0 5 - ( 4 , 8 + 8,1)

= 24,15 gam 4,8

0 +2

Mg -> Mg + 2e 0,2 mol 0,4 (mol e)

0 +3

Al ^ Al -h 3e 0,3 0,9 (mol e)

- Phuong trinh nhan e:

0 - 2

O2 + 4e -> 2 O

y 4y Cl2 + 2 e - > 2 C l

x 2x

vi so electron nhudng = so electron nhan, ^^ ta cd:

2x + 4y=l,3 71x + 32 y = 24,15

- Giai he phuong trinh ta cd:

- So dd tinh che'NaCl nhu sau:

- Cho hdn hop vao nude va khuay deu, them BaClj du vao dung dich ta cd:

H6n hop dung dich Na2S04, MgClj, CaClj, CaSO^, NaCl

GV:

Ggi mdt HS neu each lam va ggi HS

khac vie't phuong trinh phan ling

Hai HCl, H2O

HS:

Dung dich con lai MgClj, CaCl^,' NaCl, BaCl^

+ dung dich Na2C03'(du)

Dung dich NaCl, NajCOj dir

+ HCl du

Dung dich NaCl, HCl du

Ke't luan, tong ke't lai cac noi dung li

thuyet va cac dang bai tap da luyen tap

trong tiet hgc

Nghe giang

Tiet 55 BAI THL/C HANH SO 3:

TINH CHAT CUA CAC HALOGEN

- Khac sau kie'n thiic ve tinh oxi hoa mjinh ciia cac halogen

- So sanh kha nang oxi hoa cua mdt sd halogen

- Ong hiit nho gigt: 5

- Niit cao su due Id: 1

- Gia de d'ng nghiem: 1

- Bd gia thi nghiem: 1

2) Hoa chat:

- KCIO3 hoac KMn04

- Dung dich NaCl

- Dung dich Nal

- Nude iot

- Bong

C - TIEN TRINH DAY - HOC

Thia xiic hoa chat: 1 Ong thuy tinh hinh chtr L: I Den con: 1

Dung dich HCl dac

Dung dich NaBr

Nude clo

Ho tinh bdt

Hoqt dpng cua GV Hoqt dpng cua HS

Hoqt dpng 1

I KIEM TRA CAC N O I DUNG LI THUYET CAN DUOC CUNG CO BANG

CAC THI NGHIEM TRONG BUOI THUC H A N H (10 phiit)

GV:

+ Neu muc dich ciia buoi thuc hanh,

neu ro cac noi dung li thuyet can dugc

ciing cd trong bai

+ Ggi HS nhac lai nhiing ndi dung

chinh sau:

1) Cach dieu che' khi clo trong phdng

thi nghiem, phan ling cua clo vdi nude,

tinh tay mau cua clo am

2) So sanh tinh oxi hoa ciia cac halogen

3) Tac dung ciia iot vdi ho tinh bdt

Hudng dan HS lam cac thi nghiem

(nhu trong SGK) va ghi lai hien tugfng,

giai thich theo miu tudng trinh sau:

Tudng trinh: bai thtrc hanh sd 3: tinh chat cua cac halogen

TT

1

2

3

Ten thi nghiem

Dieu ch6' clo Tinh

tay mau cQa khi clo

am

So sanh tinh oxi

hoa cua clo, brom,

iot

Tac dung ciia iot

vdi ho tinh hot

Cach tien hank

+ Lap dung cu nhu hinh 5.9 (SGK tr 151) + B6p nhe phdn cao su cua ong nho giot d^

dung dich HCl chay xudng 6'ng nghiem co chlia KCIO3

+ Nho vai giot nude clo Ian lucft vao 3 ong nghiem chiia: NaCl, NaBr, Nal

+ Nho vai giot nu6c brom ISn lucrt vao 3 ong nghiem chiia NaCl, NaBr, Nal

+ Nho dung dich I2 vao

3 dng nghidm: NaCl, NaBr, Nal

+ Nho mot giot nude I2 vao dng nghiem cd chiia ho tinh bdt

Hien tuang Gidi thich vd viet PTPlf

GV:

Yeu cau cac nhdm bao cao ke't qua thi

nghiem

GV:

Nhan xet va chdt lai cac hien tugng thi

nghiem de ciing cd cho cac ndi dung li

thuyet da neu d dau tiet hgc