Thiết kế bài giảng sinh học 11 nâng cao (tập 2) phần 1

+ Ca nhan quan sat tranh phan tich, van dung kien thirc sinh hgc lop 7, nhan biet cac dang he than kinh.. - Con vat phan Lfng bang each chuyen dong tdi kich thich CO Idi va tranh xa k

THIET KE BAIGIANG

TRAN KHANH PHJONG

Chtrotog II CAM tTNG (Tiep theo)

B - CAM LfNG 0 DONG VAT

Bai 26 CAM LfNG O DONG VAT

I MUCTIEU

1 Kien thOrc

- HS neu diroc dinh nghia ve cam ufng

- Phan biet duoc cam ling a dong vat vdi cam ling a thirc vat

- Trinh bay dircyc su tien hoa ciia to chiic than kinh a cac nhom dong vat khac

nhau

2 KTnang

- Phan tich, so sanh, khai quat

- Van dung kien thiic, hen he thuc ti6n

- Hoat dong nhom, boat dong ca nhan

II THIET B! DAY - HOC

- Tranh hinh SGK

- Tranh hinh bai 23, 24

- Chau cay hoa trinh nU

- 1 chau cay trong tiong hop giay c6 1 16 thiing

Phieu hoc tap so 1

SO SANH CAM LfNG 6 DONG VAT VA THJC VAT

Phieu hoc tap so 2

T I M HIEU CAIVI Q N G d CAC NHOM BONG VAT

OV CO he than kinh dang chuoi hach

III HOAT DONG DAY - HOC

1 Klem tra

GV kiem tra bai tucfng trinh thuc hanh hudrng dong

2 Trong tarn

- Phan biet cam ling o dong vat va thuc vat

- Sir tien hoa ciia to chiic than kinh va hinh thuc cam ling 6 cac nhom dong vat tir tha'p den cao tren bac thang tien hoa

3 Bai mdi

Mo bai: GV yeu ciu HS neu mot so hinh thiic cam ling d thuc vat de dan dat vao bai

Hoot dong 1 TIM HIEU CAM UNG 6 DONG VAT

Muc tieu:

- HS phat bieu duac khai niem cam ling 6 dong vat

- Phan biet dugc cam ung a dong vat vdi cam ling d thuc vat a hinh thiic va

bieu hien

- Phan tich dugc vi du cam ling a dong vat

Hoqt dong ciia GV

- GV cho HS quan sat

cac hien tugng:

+ Chau cay duoc trong

trong hop km c6 khoet 1

16 thiing

Hoot dong cua HS Noi dung

1 Khai niem cam ung

+ La cay trinh nO cup

xudng khi c6 kich thich

true tiep

+ Go biia vao khuyu tay I

HS

- GV yeu cau: Phan tich

cac hien tuong tren va

cho biet y nghia ciia cac

hien tuong do

- GV: tom tat y kien ciia

tranh phan xa 6 dong vat

+ Hoan thanh cac noi

dung ciia phieu hoc tap so

1:" So sanh cam ling 6

dong vat va thuc vat"

- GV ke phieu hoc tap so

1 len bang

- HS hoat dong doc lap:

+ Ca nhan quan sat ki cac hien tuong

+ Van dung kien thiic a

cac bai 23, 24 va kien thiic THCS

+ Nhan biet duoc cam

ling a thuc vat do la: Tinh

hucfng sang, ting dong khong sinh trucmg (van dong truong nuoc)

+ HS neu duoc y nghia ciia cac hien tuong do la:

Giiip thuc vat va dong vat

thich nghi vdi moi tru6ng

song

- HS khai quat kien thiic

- HS hoat dong nhom

+ Ca nhan quan sat tranh hinh, van dung kien thiic

CO lien quan den cam ling ket hop vcfi SGK trang

102 muc I

+ Thao luan trong nhom thong nhat y kien ghi phieu hoc tap

- Cam ling la kha nang tiep nhan va phan ling lai cac kich thich cua moi truong ben ngoai, dam bao cho CO the sinh vat ton tai va phat trien

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va thong bao dap an

diing

- Cac nhom ghi dap an len phieu hoc tap tren bang

- Ldfp theo doi nhan xet

va bo sung

- Cac nhom tu sua chiia

2 Phan biet cam ting o

dong vat va thuc vat

- Dap an phieu hoc tap

Cam ijfng ci thirc vat

- Cay vLTdn ve phia c6 anh sang, r l cay

hudng ve phia c6 nguon nu'dc

- Bat moi 6 la cay bat ruoi va cay nap

am

- Van dong cuon vong cua tua cuon

- Bieu hien bang:

+ Hudng dong: Hudng dat, hudng sang,

hudng nude, hudng hoa

+ C/ng dong:: ung dong sinh trucing va

Lfng dong khong sinh trUcfng

- Cam LTng d i i n ra cham, kho nhan biet

- Chiu SLf anh hUOng cua cac hoocmon

Cam lirng ci dong vat

- Trung roi bdi den ch6 c6 anh sang de quang hdp

- Ca bdi ngUdc dong rwJdc de tranh

doc

- Cham tay vao vat nong co tay lai

- Cho tiet nUdc bot khi ngCri thay mui thifc an ngon

- Tho chay tron khi thay mui cua cho s6i hay sUtCr

- Bieu hien bang cac phan xa 6 cac dong vat c6 he than kinh:

+ Phan xa khong dieu kien

+ Phan xa c6 dieu kien

- Cam Lfng difen ra nhanh, d i phat hien

- IVILTC do, hinh thLfc cam irng thay ddi tuy thuoc vao mifc do to chCrc cua bp phan tiep nhan va phan Lfng lai cac kich thich (he than kinh)

- GV neu van de: Phan

biet CO CO trong truong

hop sau:

• Kich thich vao co diii

ech (ech con song)

• Kich thich vao co da

tach roi hay che pham

than kinh

- HS van dung kien thiic

ve phan xa va cam ling de trao doi va phan tich dugc

+ Kich thich vao co diii

ech -^ CO co: Do la phan

xa tu ve Phan xa thuc hien do co day dii cac

thanh phan cua cung phan

xa, do la cO quan thu cam, day thSn kinh

+ Kich thich vao co tach rdi, che pham than kinh -> CO CO Do la do co, che ph^m than kinh co kha nang hung phan nghia la

CO tinh cam ling chii khong phai la phan xa

- HS khai quat kien thiic

Ket luan: Cam ling la

dac tinh chung cua moi to chiic song

Hoat dong 2 C A M UNG 6 CAC NHOM DONG VAT KHAC NHAU

Muc tieu:

- HS chi ra dugc su tien hoa cua to chiic than kinh d cac nhom dong vat

- Phan biet cam ling 6 cac nhom dong vat

Hoat dong cua GV

- GV yeu cau HS:

+ Quan sat tranh hinh

26.1 SGK trang 102

+ Tra led cau hoi: Trinh

bay su tien hoa ciia to

chiic than kinh 6 cac

nhom dong vat

Hoqt dong cua HS

- HS hoat dong nhom

+ Ca nhan quan sat tranh phan tich, van dung kien thirc sinh hgc lop 7, nhan biet cac dang he than kinh

+ Thao luan nhom thong nha't y kien

- Yeu cau neu dugc:

+ Nhom dong vat chua co

to chiic than kinh

+ Nhom dong vat co to chiic than kinh tit dcfn gian den phiic tap

- Dai dien nhom trinh bay, Icfp nhan xet va bo sung

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va yeu cau HS khai quat

kien thiic

- GV neu yeu cau:

+ Quan sat tranh hinh

SGK va tranh cung phan

xa

+ Hoan thanh cac noi

dung trong phieu hgc tap

so 2:'' Tim hieu cam ling

6 cac nhom dong vat"

- GV chieu mot vai phieu

hgc tap de lofp quan sat

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va thong bao dap an

diing

- HS hoat dong nhom:

+ Ca nhan quan sat tranh hinh ket hgp v6i viec nghien ciiu SGK trang

bay tren may chieu -^

Lcfp nhan xet, bo sung

- Cac nhom theo doi va siia chiia

Ket luan:

- Nhom dong vat don bao: khong co he than kinh

- Nhom dong vat da bao:

He than kinh cau tao tCr don gian den phiic tap: Than kinh dang ludi -> Than kinh chu6i hach -^ Than kinh dang ong (Gom than kinh trung uong va ngoai bien)

2 Tim hieu cam ufng a

cac nhom dong vat

DAP AN PHIEU HOC TAP SO 2

Dong vat chi/a co to

chufc than kinh

Dong vat nguyen sinh:

Trung roi, trung amip,

trung de giay

Khong c6

- Khi CO kich thich tCf mot

phan nao do cua cd the

thi chat nguyen sinh co

rut nhd cac vi sdi goi la

hudng dong

- Con vat phan Lfng bang

each chuyen dong tdi kich

thich CO Idi va tranh xa

kich thich c6 hai (hu6ng

dong dUdng va hudng

- Te bao cam giac bj kfch thich chuyen thanh xung than kinh truyen qua mang ludi than kinh den cac te bao lam cd the co lai de tranh kich thich hoac phong

te bao gai vao con moi

- Phan Lfng nhanh, kip thdi nhUng chUa chinh xac

- Kich thich d mot diem nao

do cua cd the cung gay phan Lfng toan than

- Phan Lfng tieu ton nhieu nSng iLfdng

Dong vat co he than kinh dang chuoi hach

- Giun dot, chan khdp

- Cac te bao than kinh tap trung thanh chuoi hach than kinh

- Co su phan hoa thanh: Hach ngUc, hach bung, hach nao (hach nao phat

trien d than mem va

chan khdp)

- Moi hach than kinh la trung tam dieu khien hoat dong cua mot vung xac dinh

- Khi CO kich thich vao mot phan nao do cija cd the kich thich dUdc truyen ve hach nao hoSc hach tUdng Lfng

- Hach phan tich kich thich va dieu khien hoat dong d phan bi kich thich

de phan Lfng (phan Lfng dinh khu)

- Phan Lfng c6 tfnh dinh khu nhUng chUa hoan toan chinh xac

- Kich thich ci mot phan

cd the, hach d phan do

dieu khien hoat dong

- Tieu ton it nang lUdng hdn

- GV neu cau hoi thao

luan:

+ Cam ling 6 dong vat co

he than kinh dang chu6i

tien hoa so v6i cam ling d

dong vat co he than kinh

dang lucfi nhu the nao?

+ Phan tich VI du cu the

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va bo sung kien thiic

+ Trong nhom dong vat

CO he than kinh dang

chu6i hach thi than mem

va chan khdp co hach nao

dac biet phat trien

+ Hach nao tiep nhan

kich thich tii' cac giac

quan va dieu khien cac

hoat dong phiic tap ciia

CO the chinh xac hon

- Cac nhom thao luan + Ca nhan van dung kien thiic trong phieu hgc tap

+ Vi du: 6 chau chau co

he than kinh dang chu6i hach tuong doi phiic tap Khi CO kich thich 6 chan thi kich thich se dugc truyen ve hach nguc, tai day cac hach nguc se phan tich kich thich va phat lenh van dong den cac doi chan de phan ling hoac ca doi canh de bay neu kich thich hoan toan khong CO Igi cho chau chau

- GV nen de HS cac

nhom trao doi va tra Idi

cau hoi cua ban

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va bo sung kien thiic

- HS CO the hoi: Hoat

dong cua mat kep d chau

chau dugc thuc hien nhu the nao?

- L(ip trao doi, van dung kien thiic tra Idi:

+ Mat kep gom nhieu mat don tao thanh

+ Hinh anh cua vat co dugc la do su ket noi tCr cac mat don

+ Hach nao tiep nhan kich thich tii giac quan va phan tich cho hinh anh ro net nha't ciia vat

Ket luan: HS dgc

luan cuoi bai

ket

IV KIEM TRA DANH GIA

GV yeu cau HS tom tat kien thiic ciia bai

V DAN DO

- Hgc bai tra 16'i cau hoi SGK

- Dgc muc:"Em CO biet?"

- On tap kien thiic ve he than kinh 6 dong vat c6 xuong so'ng

Bai 27 CAM LfNG O DONG VAT (Tiep theo)

2 Ky nang

- Quan sat phan tich so sanh

- He thong hoa, khai quat hoa kien thirc

- Van dung kien thirc

II THIET Bj D A Y - H O C

- Tranh hinh 26.1, 27.1 SGK phong to

* Thong tin ve su tien hoa ciia dong vat co xuong song

- Ve phuong thirc cau tao, he than kinh cua dong vat co xuong song hoan toan

khac vdi he than kinh Ian toa va he than kinh hach

- Trong qua trinh phat trien cua bao thai cac noron dugc hinh thanh tii la phoi

ngoai Liic dau trong noron tap trung a phia lung tao thanh tam than kinh roi

sau do phat trien thanh 6'ng than kinh chay dgc lung ciia con vat

- O dong vat co day song he than kinh trung uong ton tai d dang dug than kinh Sau do 0 dong vat co xuong song phan sau cua 6'ng than kinh tao thanh tuy song nam trong cot xuong song, cdn phan dau ciia 6'ng than kinh phat trien manh va phinh to tao thanh nao nam trong hop sg TCr nao va tuy song co cac day than kinh di tdi cac bg phan trong toan bg co the Cac day than kinh xuat phat tii tuy song ggi la cac day than kinh tuy Sau do phan dlu ciia 6'ng than kinh dugc phan hoa thanh 3 bgng than kinh la bgng trudc, bgng giira va bgng sau O dong vat co xuong song bac cao hon, cac bgng nay se tiep tuc phan hoa thanh cau trijc ciia nao la nao trudc, nao giiia, nao sau

- Tac dung ciia he than kinh dinh dudng len chiic nang cua cac co quan trong

Cd quan

Dong tu" (mat)

Tim - Nhip tim

Phieu hoc tap

"PHAN BIET HE THAN KINH VAN DONG VA HE THAN KINH SINH DLTQNG"

No! dung

Cau tao

Chufc nang

He than kinh van dong He than kinh sinh dudng

III HOAT DONG DAY - HOC

1 Kiem tra

- Cam ung la gi? Cam ling d dong vat cd gi khac vdi cam ling d thuc vat

- So sanh hinh thiic cam ung ciia dong vat cd to chiic than kinh khac nhau

2 Trong tam

- Nguon gd'c va cac bg phan ciia he than kinh ong

- Phan biet he than kinh van dong va he than kinh sinh duong

- Khai quat hoa chiic nang cua cac to chiic than kinh

3 Bai mdi

Hoqt dong 2 C A M UNG 6 CAC NHOM DONG VAT KHAC NHAU (TIEP THEO)

Muc tieu:

- HS hieu dugc nguon goc ciia bg phan he than kinh ong

- HS phan biet dugc cau tao chiic nang cua he than kinh van dong

Hoqt dong cua GV

- GV yeu cau HS:

+ Quan sat tranh he than

kinh d ngudi

Hoqt dong cua HS

- Ca nhan thu nhan kien

thiic tii SGK va tranh hinh

Noi dung

+ Nghien ciiu thong tin

SGK trang 105

+ Tra Idi cau hoi

-^ he than kinh dang 6'ng

cd ngudn gd'c tCr dau?

-^ He than kinh dang 6'ng

cd cau tao nhu the nao?

- GV nhan xet danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien

kien thiic

- GV bo sung kien thii:c

til muc thong tin bo sung

- GV dan dat: Can cii vao

chirc nang cua he than

kinh cd the phan chia he

than kinh thanh 2 bg

phan

- GV yeu cau: De tim

hieu v6 hai bg phan ciia

he than kinh cac nhdm

- Thao luan nhdm thd'ng nha't y kien

- yeu cau neu dugc

+ Nguon goc tCr la phoi r6i phan hoa

+ He than kinh gom 2 bg phan

- Dai dien HS trinh bay tren tranh hinh -> Idp nhan xet

- HS khai quat kien thirc

- HS hoat dong nhdm + Ca nhan quan sat tranh hinh, nghien ciru SGK

* Nguon goc he than kinh dang 6'ng

- Than kinh dang 6'ng co ngudn goc tCr la ph6i ngoai

- Phan hoa thanh nao, tuy song, day than kinh va hach thSn kinh

* Ca'u tao he than kinh dang 6'ng: Gom 2 phan

- Than kinh trung uong nao,tuy

- Than kinh ngoai bien: Day than kinh, hach than kinh

hoan thanh noi dung

phieu hgc tap "phan biet

he than kinh van dong va

he than kinh sinh dudng"

- GV ke phieu hgc tap

len bang —>• Idp chiia bai

- GV nhan xet danh gia

va thdng bao dap an ->

Idp siia chua

+ Van dung kien thiic sinh hgc Idp 8

+ Thao luan nhdm thd'ng

nhat y kien -^ ghi phieu

hgc tap

- Dai dien nhdm ghi dap

an len bang -^ Idp nhan

van dong va he than kinh sinh dudng

Noi dung

Cau tao

ChLfc n§ng

He than kinh van dong

- Trung Udng: V6 nao va chat xam (sCfng trudc) ctja tuy song

- Day than kinh van dong

- Dieu khien hoat dong cua cac cd van trong he van dong, do la hoat dong CO ^ thCfc (theo ^ muon)

He than kinh sinh du6ng

- Gom than kinh giao cam va doi giao cam

- Trung Udng: Tru nao, doan cCing cua tuy

song, cac nhan xam d sCfng ben tuy song

(tu dot tuy ngUc 1 den dot tuy that lifng III)

- Day than kinh sinh dudng, hach than kinh

- Dieu khien, dieu hoa hoat dong cua cac noi quan (cd quan sinh dUdng va cd quan sinh san), do la nhiJng hoat dong tu dong, khong theo ^ muon

- Than kinh giao cam va doi giao cam hoat dong doi lap nhau

- GV yeu cau HS phan

tich vi du ve tang, ha

huyet ap

- HS nghien cu:u SGK va trinh bay dugc

+ Khi huyet ap tang cao kich thich trung khu di6u hoa tim mach d hanh tuy roi theo day ddi giao cam den lam tim dap cham va yeu, de giam huyet ap

- GV neu van dt: Su tien

hoa trong to chiic than

kinh d dong vat the hien

nhu the nao?

- GV yeu cSu: he thong

bang so d6 cac thanh

phan ciia he than kinh

dang 6'ng d dong vat cd

xuong song

- GV nhan xet danh gia

+ Khi huyet ap ha, nong

do CO, trong mau tang, xung than kinh theo day giao cam den lam tim dap nhanh va manh de tang huyet ap, thai nhanh CO2

ra khdi co the

- HS van dung kien thiic giai thich hien tugng: Khi vao phong thi HS hay hdi hop, tim dap nhanh

- HS van dung kien thiic bai 26 va kien thiic sinh hgc Idp 8 de tra Idi dugc

+ TCr dong vat cd he than kinh dang ludi chi cd it te bao than kinh nam rai rac lien he vdi nhau

+ Te bao than kinh tap trung thanh chudi hach than kinh, cd trung khu va tap trung dan d phia dau

+ Phan hoa ro thanh phan trung uong va ngoai bien

- Cac nhdm thao luan thd'ng nhat each vie't so do

- Dai dien cac nhdm viet

so do he than kinh dang 6'ng len bang, Idp cung trao ddi

Hoqt dong 3 PHAN XA - MOT THUOC TINH CO B A N

CUA MOI CO THE CO TO THUC THAN KINH

Muc tieu:

- HS chi ra dugc hoat dong ciia ccf the cd to chiic than kinh la phan xa

- HS hieu ro dugc so lugng, chat lugng phan xa do to chuc he than kinh

Hoqt dong cua GV

- GV neu cau hdi:

+ Phan xa la gi? Tai sao

phan xa la thugc tinh co

ban cua mgi co the cd to

chiic than kinh?

- GV neu yeu cau lap

bang so sanh phan xa

khong dieu kien vdi phan

xa CO dilu kien d cac ndi

dung: Trung uong phan

xa, dac diem va ket qua

phan xa

- GV hdi: Phan xa cd

dieu kien cd y nghia nhu

the nao trong ddi song

dong vat?

Hoqt dong cua HS Noi dung

- HS van dung kien thiic

sinh hgc Idp 8 tra Idi:

+ Khai niem phan xa

+ Phan xa thuc hien nhd

cd su lien he giiia cac te bao than kinh

+ Ca the khdng cd he

than kinh khdng the cd phan xa

- HS trao doi nhdm thd'ng

nha't y kien vi cac ndi

dung so sanh phan xa,

- Yeu cau neu dugc:

+ Phan xa cd di6u kien:

Trung uong d v6 nao, hinh thanh trong qua trinh song, kh6ng ben, dS mat, kh6ng di truyfin, mang tinh ca the, so lugng khong han che

+ Phan xa khdng dieu kien: Trung uong d tru nao, tuy Phan xa bam sinh, ben viing, di truyen mang tinh loai, s6 lugng han che

- HS van dung kien thirc ket hgp vdi hieu biet tCr thuc te de tra Idi dugc:

Giiip sinh vat thich nghi vdi dieu kien song

- GV nhan xet cac noi

dung HS trao ddi va danh

- GV yeu cau HS khai

quat kien thiic

- HS phan tich bai tap so

4 SGK trang 107

+ M6i tim tai, son gai d'c khi trdi ret la phan xa khdng di6u kien do than kinh sinh dudng di6u khien

+ Hien tugng di tim ao mac la phan xa cd difiu kien, dd la boat dong cd y thiic de chd'ng lai ret, vd nao tham gia vao phan xa

- Phan xa: La phan ling CLia CO the de tra Idi kich thich tCr moi trudng thdng qua he than kinh

- Phan xa la thugc tinh co ban cua mgi co the cd he than kinh

- So lugng va cha't lugng phan xa phu thugc vao miic do td chiic than kinh cia CO the

- Cd 2 loai phan xa: Phan

xa cd dieu kien va phan

xa khdng dieu kien + Phan xa cd di6u kien dugc thanh lap va luon dugc thay the giiip co the thich nghi vdi di6u kien mdi trudng de ton tai va phat trien

IV KIEM TRA DANH GIA

- HS tom tat kien thirc cua bai hgc

- HS neu va phan tich mot so phan xa cd dieu kien va phan xa khdng difiu kien

V DAN DO

- Hgc bai tra Idi cau hdi SGK

- Dgc muc "Em cd biet?"

- On tap kien thiic ve trao ddi chat qua mang, kien thii'c vat li v6 dien the, hieu

dien the

Bai 28 DIEN THE NGHI VA DIEN THE HOAT DONG

I MUC TIEU

1 Kien thiirc

- HS neu rd khai niem dien the nghi va dien the hoat dong

- HS trinh bay dugc co che hinh thanh dien the nghi va dien the hoat dong

- Md ta dugc qua trinh truySn xung than kinh trong td chuc than kinh (Tren sgi than kinh khdng cd vd mielin va cd sgi than kinh cd vd mielin)

2 KTnang

- Quan sat phan tich, khai quat kien thiic lien he thuc ti6n

- Hoat dong nhdm, boat dong dgc lap

II THIET B! DAY - HOC

- Tranh hinh SGKphdng to

-Hinh 28.2, 29.1 trang 115, 117 SGK co ban

Thong tin bd sung:

* Dien the nghi ngai:

Dien the nghi ngoi (dien the mang) dugc phat hien d cac te bao than kinh khdng

bi ton thuong va khdng hung pha'n dugc ggi la dien noron Muon do dugc dien the nghi ngoi cua 1 noron can phai giai quye't nhiing van de ki thuat sau:

+ Phai tim dugc nhung noron cd dugc sgi true Idn

+ Can cd dugc cac vi dien cue cd the dua vao trong te bao ma khdng lam te bao

bi tdn thuong

"' Dien the hoqt dong:

Dien hoat dong phat sinh la do su chenh lech ciia dien the giiia vung boat dong

va vung yen tinh VCing da hung phan la mang dien tich am, cdn vung yen tinh mang dien tich duong

* Co che phat sinh dong dien sinh hoc: Dugc giai thich bang thuyet mang

Thuyet nay dua tren co so tinh ban tham cd chgn Igc cua mang te bao va cac co che khuech tan ciia cac ion qua mang te bao TCr dd tao thanh Idp dien kep giiia Idp trong va ngoai ciia mang te bao nen lam xuat hien dien the' mang

- Muon khuech tan qua mang cac ion phai cd su chenh lech ve nong do cac ion giCra trong va ngoai mang Su chenh lech nong do nay dugc duy tri la nhd co che ciia bom Na"" - K"^, trong trang thai yen tinh ion K"^ dugc bom vao trong te bao, cdn ion Na"" lai dugc bom ra ngoai mang ngugc chieu vdi gradien nong

do Do su chenh lech nong do ion K^tham manh ra ngoai mang te bao vdi td'c

do nhanh gap 76 Ian cua ion Na" di vao trong cua mang te bao Cac ion ciia axit huu CO cd kich thudc va phan tu lugng qua Idn se khdng qua mang te

dugc va da tao thanh Idp tich dien am trong mang ciia te bao Ion K"^ tham ra ngoai mang nhung khdng di xa dugc vi bi Idp dien tich am trong mang hiit lai, dan den tao thanh Idp dien tich duong ngoai mang Ke't qua la 2 ben mang cua te bao cd Idp dien kep, ngoai duong trong am va tao ra mot dien the nha't dinh ggi la dien the mang Hay ndi each khac la mang ciia te bao da bi phan cue Do vay d trang thai nghi ngoi sir khuech tan ciia ion K"" tCr trong ra ngoai mang te bao da lam xuat hien dien the mang

- Van dung li thuyet mang giai thich su phat sinh ra dong dien hoat dong: Dudi tac dung cua kich thich mang da thay ddi tinh tham, cac ion Na" tham vao trong te bao gap 500 Ian so vdi liic nghi Liic dau ion Na" vao cd tac dung trung hoa ion am nen da lam mat phan cue E = 0, ggi la su khir cue Sau dd lugng ion Na"^ du thua lam thanh dien tich duong trong mang te bao, cdn ngoai mang lai mang dien tich am dan den sy dao cue lam phat sinh dong dien hoat dong Ngirng kich thich tinh tham cua mang dugc khdi phuc

- Mang te bao la noi phat sinh ra dien nghi ngoi ciing nhu dien boat dong Su chenh lech ve nong do ion K* va Na" d ngoai va trong mang te bao la ngudn gd'c phat sinh dien the

Co che ddn truyen hung phan qua soi trdn khong co mielin

Hung pha'n Ian truySn qua sgi tran tCr dau sgi den cuoi sgi tren co so phat sinh ra dong dien boat dong do chenh lech dien the' giCra vung hung phan va vung cdn yen tinh Trang thai hung phan ciia I diem tren 1 sgi than kinh da dan den su hung pha'n ciia cac diem ke tiep va cii: nhu the hung phan dugc Ian truyen

Co che ddn truyen hifng phan tren soi co vo mielin

- Cac sgi cd vd mielin cdn ggi la nhay cdc, nhay bac each dien nen dong dien

cue bg phai nhay tCr eo nay sang eo khac, phuong thirc nhay bac la cd td'c do nhanh hon su Ian truyen, dong thdi tiet kiem dugc nang lugng, vi su chuyen dich cac ion Na* K"'chi diSn ra d cac eo, gay ra su dao cue chii khdng dien ra tren toan sgi nhu sgi tran

- Xung dong than kinh chi di theo mot chieu va gia tri hieu dien the giam dan theo do dai va thdi gian truyfin dSn

Phieu hoc tap LAN TRUYEN XUNG THAN KINH TREN SOI THAN KINH

III HOAT DONG DAY - HOC

- Co che hinh thanh dien the nghi va dien the hoat dong

- Co che truyen xung thSn kinh tren sgi than kinh (khdng cd bao mielin va cd bao mielin)

3 Bai mdi

GV dan dat vao bai:

+ Mgi te bao trong co thS deu cd kha nang hung pha'n

+ Mot so chi tieu de danh gia te bao md cd hung phan hay khdng hung phan dd

la dien te bao

+ Dien te bao (dien sinh hgc) bao gom dien the nghi va dien the boat dong

Hoqt dong 1 TIM HIEU DIEN THE NGHI

Muc tieu:

- HS nam dugc khai niem dien the nghi

- HS hieu va trinh bay dugc co che hinh thanh dien the nghi

- Biet lien he vt ung dung dien the nghi trong san xuat

Hoqt dong cua GV

- De hinh , thanh khai

niem dien the nghi GV

yeu cau HS gap toan bg

SGK

-GVtfeo tranh hinh 28.1

SGK phdng to

- GV neu yeu cau:

+ Quan sat tranh hinh

+ Trinh bay each do dien

the nghi tren te bao than

kinh ciia muc 6'ng

Hoqt dong cua HS Noi dung

1 Khai niem

- G V nhan xet danh gia

va bd sung

+ Dien ghi dugc giiia mat

trong va mat ngoai cua

mang ggi la dien the

mang

+ Dien the mang khac

nhau giira cac loai te bao

va khac nhau cac loai

- HS boat dong nhdm + Ca nhan quan sat tranh nhan biet mat ngoai va mat trong cua sgi than kinh

+ Trao ddi nhdm thd'ng nhai y kien

- Yeu cau neu dugc each

do dien the nghi

+ Dung dien ke cd 2 dien cue (1 va 2)

+ Dien cue 1 dat sat mang ngoai cua te bao, dien cue 2 cam vao phia trong mang

+ Quan sat kim cua dien

ke bi lech -^ chung td cd

su chenh lech dien the trong va ngoai mang + Phia ngoai cia mang mang dien duong, phia trong ciia mang mang dien am

- Dai dien nhdm trinh

bay tren tranh -^ Idp theo

ddi nhan xet

- GV yeu clu HS khai

quat kien thiic thanh khai

mem

- GV can luu y HS:

+ Chi do dien the nghi

khi te bao dang d trang

thai nghi ngoi (khdng bi

kich thich)

+ Qui udc dat dau - trudc

chi so dien the nghi

- GV nhan xet phan trao

ddi ciia HS va sii dung

thdng tin bd sung de

giang giai

- HS khai quat kien thiic

ve dien the nghi

- HS cd the thae mac: Tai sao liic te bao d trang thai nghi van cd su chenh lech dien the

- HS van dung kien thirc

v6 cau tao mang va tinh

tha'm chgn Ige ciia mang

- HS thao luan de tra Idi cau hdi

* Dien the nghi la su chenh lech dien the giiia 2 ben mang te bao khi te bao khdng bi kich thich Phia ben trong mang mang dien am so vdi phia ben ngoai mang mang dien duong

VI du:

- Dien the nghi cua te bao than kinh khdng Id ciia muc d'ng: -70mV

- Te bao ndn trong mat ong mat la -50mV

- GV dan dat: Dien the

nghi la su chenh lech

dien the giira 2 ben mang

te bao Vay do dau cd

dugc su chenh lech dien

the, se tim hieu co che

hinh thanh dien the nghi

- GV cho HS quan sat

tranh hinh 28.2, 28.3

trang 115 SGK co ban

hinh 28.2 trang 109 SGK

sinh hgc nang cao

- GV neu yeu cau

Quan sat va trinh bay co

che hinh thanh dien the

+ Tinh tham ciia mang te

bao ddi vdi ion

+ Hoat dong ciia bom Na,

K

- GV chiia bai bang each

chieu dap an ciia nhdm

len may chieu hay de cac

nhdm ghi ket qua len

bang

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va bd sung hoan thien

kien thiic

HS hoat dong nhdm + Ca nhan nhan biet kien thiic tii viec quan sat tranh

+ Trao ddi trong nhdm v6

cac van de GV ggi y

thdng nha't y kien tra Idi ghi lai tren giay

- Dai dien nhdm trinh bay tren tranh, Idp nhan xet va bd sung

2 Co che hinh thanh dien the nghi

Co che:

- Cd su chenh lech vt

nong do Na"" va K"^ giiia dich md va dich bao (trong va ngoai mang)

* Lien he: GV giang giai:

Con ngudi da ung dung

dien te bao vao nhi6u llnh

virc trong cuge song

Do dien the ciia dia phoi

triing gia cam de xac dinh

miic song cua ga, vit

ngay tCr ngay dau phat

trien ciia ph6i Tren co so

dd chgn triing td't tiep tuc

cho a'p nd, loai bd triing

xau

+ Nong do K"* trong dich bao Ion hon ngoai dich

md

+ Nong do Na"" trong dich

md Idn hon dich bao

- K"" cd xu hudng di chuyen ra ngoai mang

- Na* cd xu hudng di chuyen vao trong mang thuan gradian ndng do

- Trang thai nghi mang

CO tinh tha'm chgn Ige ddi vdiK*

+ Kenh K* md -^ K" di ra kenh Na"" ddng

- K"" di ra mang dien duong (+) bi anion (-) giii lai nen khdng di ra xa khdi mang

- Bom Na" / K"' thudng xuyen chuyen Na' ra va K"^ vao nen duy tri dugc tinh dn dinh tuong ddi ciia dien the nghi

Hoqt dong 2 TIM HIEU DIEN THE HOAT D O N G

Muc tieu:

- HS trinh bay dugc khai niem dien the boat ddng, co che hinh thanh dien thd' boat dong

- HS biet lien he thuc ti6n

Hoqt dong ciia GV

- GV treo tranh hinh dd

thi dien the boat dong va

yeu cau HS:

+ Quan sat d6 thi

+ Tra Idi cau hdi: The nao

la dien the boat dong?

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien

kien thiic

Hoqt dong cua HS

- HS boat dong dgc lap

vdi SGK va hinh ve

- Yeu cau chi ra dugc:

+ Khi cd kich thich tdi ngudng te bao than kinh hung pha'n

+ Bien ddi dien the nghi thanh dien the boat dong

- Dai dien HS trinh bay

—> Idp nhan xet, bd sung

Noi dung

1 Khai niem

Dien the boat dong phat sinh la do su chenh lech ciia dien the giiia vung boat dong va vung yen tinh

- VCing da hung phan mang dien tich am, cdn vung yen tinh mang dien tich duong

- GV yeu cau HS:

+ Quan sat hinh 28.3 va

dgc thdng tin SGK muc

11.1 trang 110

+ Chii thich vao do thj

28.3 cac giai doan phan

cue, dao cue, tai phan

cue

+ Tra Idi cau hdi:

Nguyen nhan nao dSn den

hien tugng mat phan cue,

dao cue, rdi lai tai phan

cue

- GV yeu cau:

+ Quan sat hinh 28.2 va

hinh 28.3

+ Phan tich su di chuyen

ciia cac ion Na" va K* qua

mang va tac dung ciia su

di chuyen nay

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien

- HS hoat dong nhom

+ Ca nhan nhan biet kien thiic tCr viec phan tich tranh hinh

+ Trao ddi trong nhdm th6'ng nhai y kien

- Yeu cau neu dugc:

+ Chenh lech ndng do Na", K'^ trong va ngoai mang liic binh thudng

+ Khi bi kich thich do cac kenh Na"", K'" md nen ion Na*, K* di chuyen 6 at gay ma't phan cue va dao cue -» xuat hien dien the hoat dong

- Dai dien nhdm trinh bay tren tranh hinh -^ lop nhan xet

2 Co che xuat hien dien

the boat dong

- GV bd sung:

+ Tit dien the nghi

chuyen thanh dien the

boat ddng phai bien ddi

dien

+ Khdng dung dien ke de

do dien the hoat ddng vi

su bien ddi dien qua Idn

phai diing dung cu khac

va ghi dugc dd thi hinh

28.3

+ Cdng Na* ddng md

1/lOOOs

* Lien he: GV thdng bao

v6 ling dung ciia ddng

dien sinh vat

- San xuat thiei bi dien tu

phat hien thdi ki dong

due ciia bd de giao phoi

chan doan thdi gian de

ciia bd

- Ghi dien nao do va dien

tam dd de chan doan

benh

- Khi bi kich thich tinh tha'm cua mang tai dd thay ddi

- Kenh Na" md rgng -^Na' 6 at tran qua mang vao dich bao gay mat phan cue (khii cue) rdi dao cue (ngoai mang tich dien am, trong mang tich dien duong)

- Kenh K* md va kenh Na* ddng, K* tran qua mang ra ngoai dich mo gay nen tai phan cue (ngoai mang lai tich dien duong +, trong mang lai tich dien am - )

- Qua trinh bien ddi dien

d mang da xuat hien dien hoat ddng (xung thSn kinh)

- Can phan phoi lai Na*

va K* giiia trong va ngoai mang nhd bom Na*, K*

Hoqt dong 3 LAN TRUYEN XUNG THAN KINH TREN SOl THAN KINH

Muc tieu:

HS hieu va trinh bay dugc each Ian truySn xung than kinh tren sgi than kinh

cd bao mielin va khdng cd bao mielin

Hoqt dong ciia GV

- GV hdi:

+ Xung than kinh la gi?

+ Xung than kinh Ian

truySn do dau?

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien

kien thiic

- GV can lun y HS la: De

dan truySn dugc cac xung

thdn kinh tren cac sgi

th^n kinh thi dieu kien bat

bugc cac sgi than kinh

phai toan ven ve ca'u tao

va chirc nang sinh li

- De tim hieu each Ian

truyen xung than kinh

tren sgi than kinh GV yeu

cau

+ Quan sat tranh hinh

28.4 28.5 SGK

+ Hoan thanh cac noi

dung cua phieu hgc tap:

"Lan truyen xung than

kinh tren sgi than kinh'

Hoqt dong ciia HS

- HS boat dong d6c lap

vdi SGK de tra Idi cau hdi -> Idp nhan xet

- HS boat dong nhdm:

Noi dung

1 Xung than kinh

- Xung than kinh la dien the hoat dong xua't hien d noi bi kich thich

- Xung than kinh lan truyen dgc tren sgi than kinh la do mat phan cue, dao cue va tai phan cue lien tiep

2 Cach lan truyen xung than liinh tren sgi than Icinh

- GV ke phieu hgc

len bang va yeu cau

nhdm ghi ket qua

- GV nhan xet, danh

va thdng bao dap

diing

tap cac

- Cac nhdm ghi dap an len bang va trinh bay tren tranh hinh each lan truyen xung than kinh

- Cac nhdm khac theo ddi bd sung

- Cac nhdm theo ddi tu sita chira

Dap an phieu hgc tap

Cham 3-> 5 m/s

Sdi than kinh c6 bao mielin

Sdi CO bao mielin bao boc + Bao mielin bao boc khong lien tuc, ngat quang tao thanh cac eo Ranvie

+ Bao mielin c6 ban chat la phoi pho lipit CO mau trang va each dien Xung than kinh lan truyen theo each nhay c6c tCf eo Ranvie nay sang eo Ranvie khac

- Nhanh hdn rai nhieu so vdi lan truyen tren sdi khong c6 bao mielin

120 m/s

- GV ggi y de HS nhd lai

kien thiic vat li ve qui luat

lan truyen dien tren day

din

- GV yeu cau: Phan tich

CO che' dan truyen xung

than kinh tren sgi than

kinh khdng cd bao mielin

va cd bao mielin

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien

kien thiic

- HS neu dugc:

Ddng dien lan truyen tCr noi cd dien the' cao (tich dien duong) sang noi cd dien the' thap (tich dien am)

- HS thao luan nhdm thd'ng nhai y kien: Su lan truyen xung than kinh do:

+ Su mat phan cue, dao cue, va tai phan cue

+ Su ddng md kenh Na*, K*

+ Ddng dien boat ddng xuat hien va lan truyen sudt dgc hay nhay cdc tren sgi than kinh

- HS tra Idi -> Idp nhan xet

* Co che' lan truyen xung than kinh

- Sgi than kinh khdng cd bao mielin

+ Kieh thich tai 1 diem, tai dd cdng Na" md va Na' di vao lam mat trong ciia mang thay ddi dien tich (tCi' am sang duong) xuat hien ddng dien lan truyen lam didm ben canh

bi kich thich va cdng Na"

md, cii nhu vay ddng dien

se lan truySn hei dgc sgi than kinh

- Sgi than kinh cd bao mielin

* Lien he:

GV hdi: Xung than kinh

dugc lan truyen rat nhanh

trong sgi than kinh cd y

nghia gi?

- GV bd sung kie'n thiic:

+ Thuc te ddng dien boat

ddng chay trong sgi true

theo chieu tCr dau cho de'n

hei sgi

+ TCr eo 1 de'n eo 2 va qua

eo 2 ve eo I, nhung d eo

1 phan hung phan vin

cdn dugc tiep tuc tam thdi

trd nen tro do dd hung

phan d eo 2 truyen sang

- HS tra Idi dugc: Xung than kinh lan truyen trong sgi than kinh cd lien quan tdi cac phan xa, giiip sinh vat phan ung nhanh va chinh xac trudc cac tac nhan bai Igi ciia mdi trudng de tdn tai va phat trien

- HS cd the thdc mac: Tai sao ddng dien khdng dugc truyen ngugc lai?

- HS thao luan tra Idi:

Hoat ddng song cua sinh vat tuan theo mot so qui luat vat li boa hgc nha't dinh

+ Khi kich thich tai 1 eo Ranvie nao dd cdng Na*

md va xay ra hien tugng dao cue, xuat hien ddng dien hoat ddng va nhay bac sang eo Ranvie ke ben Cir lien tuc nhu vay ddng dien nhay bac tut eo nay sang eo khac den hei soi than kinh

eo 3 va su nhay bac nay

se tiep dien cho de'n hei

sgi true

* Lien he: Trong y hgc

con ngudi dung thuoc me

cd tac dung ddng cdng

Na'' thi xung than kinh

khdng truyen dugc niia,

xung than kinh mat dan,

dan de'n giam xung thSn

kei luan SGK

IV KIEM TRA DANH GIA

- HS tdm tat kie'n thiic co ban trong bai

- HS tra Idi cau hdi trac nghiem

1 Khi kich thich tdi ngudng thi tinh tha'm ciia mang noron d noi bi kich thich thay ddi lam cho:

a) Kenh Na* md rgng, ion Na* tir dich md vao dich bao

b) Kenh K* md rgng ion K* tCr dich md vao dich bao

c) Kenh Na*, K* md rgng ion K*, Na* tCr dich md vao dich bao

d) Kenh Na*,K* md rgng ion K*, Na* tii dich bao vao dich md

2 Khi lan truyen xung than kinh tren sgi true cd bao mielin, su thay ddi tinh tha'm ciia mang chi xay ra tai

a) Bao mielin

b) Nhan te' bao Sovan

c) Eo Ranvie

d) Bao mielin va te' bao Sovan

3 Neu kich thich bat ki mot vi tri nao tren sgi true than kinh, xung thin kinh dugc hinhthanh se

a) Kh6ng lan truyen dgc sgi true

b) Lan truyen theo ca 2 chieu

e) Lan truyen theo nhieu hudng xac dinh

d) Lan truyen theo mdt hay nhi^u hudng xac dinh

V DAN DO

- Hgc bai tra Idi cau hdi SGK

- Doc muc "Em cd biei?"

Bai 29 DAN TRUYEN XUNG THAN KINH

TRONG CUNG PHAN XA

- Phan tich tranh, thdng tin de nhan biei kie'n thiie, khai quat

- Lien he thuc tiSn ve boat ddng cua cung phan xa

II THIET Bj DAY - HOC

- Tranh hinh SGK phdng to

Thong tin bd sung

- Xinap gom 2 loai:

+ Xinap noron - noron: la xinap giira dau miit sgi true ciia noron trudc vdi than hay sgi nhanh cua noron sau

+ Xinap noron - co hay noron tuye'n: la noi sgi true sau vdi co quan dap ling

- Dac diem dan truydn hung phan qua xinap

+ Hung pha'n chi dan truyen theo mdt chieu tit mang trudc xinap de'n mang sau xinap

+ Td'c do dSn truyen qua xinap bi cham lai

+ Hung pha'n khi bi mdi xay ra d xinap trudc tien

+ Xinap de bi cac chat hoa hgc gay ra tac dung

- Co che' hoa hgc d&n truyen hung phan qua xinap

+ Hung pha'n dugc din truyen la nhd cac chat mdi gidi hoa hgc

+ Thi nghiem ciia Levi: Bugc 2 tim rdi vao 2 d'ng thong tim cd chura dung dich sinh li va thdng vdi nhau Khi kich thich day than kinh phe' vi ciia tim

1 thi tim 1 dap cham va ye'u sau dd tim 2 cung dap cham va ye'u Ne'u kich thich day than kinh giao cam ciia tim 1 thi ca tim I va tim 2 cung dap nhanh va manh Dd la do dau day than kinh phe' vi va giao cam ciia tim 1

da tiei ra 2 chat mdi gidi hoa hgc khac nhau dugc lan toa trong dung dich sinh 11 de'n kich thich tim 2 va tim 2 da dap ling Chat bai tiet tCr day than kinh phe vi la ehai axetyl cdlin cd tac dung kim ham va chat tiei tu than kinh giao cam la ehai adrenalin cd tac dung tang cudng su boat ddng cua tim Theo qui luat nhiet hoa hgc khi nhiet do tang len 10"C thi td'c do phan ling tang 2 lan Theo ddi su dan truyen hung phan qua sgi than kinh nhan thay: Khi nhiet do tang len IO"C thi td'c do dan truyen tang len tCi 12 de'n 14 lan Nhu vay, da cd su lien quan giiia dan truydn hung pha'n qua xinap vdi cac ehai hoa hgc dien ra d dd Ndi each khac su dan truyen hung phan qua xinap la phai nhd cac chat boa hgc lam mdi gidi nhu axetylcdlin va adrenalin cd d mang trudc xinap

- Co che' dien - hoa - dien dan truyen hung phan qua xinap

+ Dan truydn hung phan qua xinap da ed su tham gia ddng thdi ciia ddng dien

va chat hoa hgc ggi la co che' dien - hoa - dien cd the khai quat bang so

ddng - tin dien - xung than kinh tie'p tuc dugc truydn di

+ Chai mdi gidi xinap khue'eh tan qua khe xinap de'n mang sau, d day nd tac dung vdi phiic hgp lipoprdtein cua mang sau xinap, lam tang trong giay lat tinh tha'm cua mang sau, gay ra su khii cue, dao cue ciia mang sau Ket qua la: phat sinh ddng dien hoat vdi E = 70mV

+ Mdi xung than kinh lam cho cac tiii d cac xinap giai phdng ra vai trieu phan tit axetylcdlin Lugng axetincdlin nay khi de'n mang sau se dugc phan giai dan thanh axetat va cdlin do tac dung xuc tac cua enzim axetylcdlin esteaza ciia mang sau xinap Khi axetylcdlin dugc phan giai bet thi tinh tham mang sau xinap dugc khdi phuc va kei thuc hung phan

III HOAT DONG DAY - HOC

1 Kiem tra

- HS trinh bay co che' hinh thanh dien the' nghi va dien the' boat ddng

- Su dan truyen xung than kinh tren sgi than kinh cd bao mielin ed khac vdi khdng cd bao mielin nhu the' nao?