Thiết kế bài giảng sinh học 11 nâng cao (tập 1) phần 2

Hoqt dpng 1: Tim hi^u anh hirdng cua cac nh^n to' moi trudng den ho ha'p Muc tieu: - HS chi ra dugc mdi lien quan chat che gifla cac nhan td moi IrUdng va hd hap.* - HS phan tich dug

Bai 12 ANH HirdNG C O A CAC NHAN TO

MOI TRLTONG OEN HO HAP

- Hoat dpng dpc lap, hoat dpng nhdm

- van dung kieh thiic vao thue tidn

II THIET B! D A Y - H O C

- Tranh hmh, dd thi SGK phdng to

- Giao trinh sinh li thuc vat (cao dang su pham)

Dd thi: Mdi quan hp giiia nhiet dp va hd ha'p

A - Tac dung kich thich ciia nhipt dp

B - Tac dung pha huy nguyen sinh chat cua nhipt dp

C - Dudng cong thuc nghipm cua cudng dp hd hap phu thupc nhipt dp (T tdi im = 40oC) Tit nhiet dp tdi thap deh nhiet dp tdi uu, ho hap tang tuy^n

tinh (trang 172 sdch Sinh li thitc vat cao ddng sUpham)

III HOAT DONG DAY - HOC

1 Kiem tra

- HS trinh bay tdm tat cac giai doan cua qua trinh ho hap

- Tai sao ndi hd hap dugc xem la qua trinh sinh li trung tam ciia cay xanh?

Bai mdi

Md bai: GV gidi thipu vd mpt thi nghipm nhu sach GV hudng dan va yeu cau

HS hoan thanh cac npi dung trong bang "anh hudng cua mdi trudng de'n su nay mdm ciia hat"

Qoi tUdng chon

- Oa, anh sang, nhiet d6 nudc

- O2, nU6c, nhiet do

Ket qua

- GV hdi:

+ Hat nay m^m c^n nhan td mdi trudng iiao?

Hat nay mdm lien quan de'n qua trinh hd hap nhu the nao?

- Tii y kie'n cua HS, GV dan dat vao npi dung bai hoc

Hoqt dpng 1: Tim hi^u anh hirdng cua cac nh^n to' moi trudng den ho ha'p

Muc tieu:

- HS chi ra dugc mdi lien quan chat che gifla cac nhan td moi IrUdng va hd

hap.*

- HS phan tich duge dd thi

- HS tha'y dugc tinh thdng nh^t giua cSfu tao va chiic nang

Hoqt ddng cua GV

- GV neu v ^ dd: tai sao

he hap phu thupc chat che

vao nhiet dd?

- GV danh gia y ki^n ciia

HS va khang dinh co sd

khoa hpc cua anh hudng

ciia nhiet dp d^n he hap

- GV bd sung kieii thdc:

+ Hd hap man theo qui tac

ciia Vant Hoff la he sd

Hoqt dpng cua GV

nhiet dp cua phan dng bang

2, tdc khi tang len 10''C thi

tdc dp phan ling tang len 2

lan

+ Thuc vat la co the sdng

nen qui tac Vant Hoff chi

dung trong mpt gidi han

nha't dinh (O - < 40'*C)

- Bi tim hieu gidi han

nhiet dp cua hd hap GV

yeu cau:

+ Quan sat hinh 12.1 SGK

trang 51

+ Quan sat so dd quan he

giira nhiet dp va hd ha'p

+ Chi ra cac gidi han nhiet

Hoat ddng cua HS Ndi dung

- HS quan sat tranh hinh so

dd

- Trao ddi nhom

- Xac dinh: Nhiet dp tdi thap, nhiet dp tdi uu, nhiet

* Co sd anh hudng ciia nhiet dp d^n hO ha'p

- Hd hap bao gdm cac phan ung hoa hoc vdi su xdc tac ciia cac enzim

- Hoat dpng cua enzim phu thupc vao nhiet dp

* Gidi han nhiet dp cua ho ha'p

- Nhiet dp td'i thap: (Tir O^C-J-IO'C)

+ La nhiet dp ma cay bat

din cd bidu hien hO ha'p

+ Nhiet dp td'i thap cdn tuy thupc vko loai cay d vung sinh thai khac nhau

- Nhiet dp tdi uu (ttr 3Q"C -> SS^C)

+ La nhiet dp ma cudng dp

ho ha'p dat gia tri cao nhat

Nhiet dp tdi da (tir 40 45°C), d nhiet dp qua cao

-Hoqt ddng cua GV

- GV di ldp thao luan tu

tra Idi cau hdi va nha'n

manh ki^n thiic: nhiing

thuc vat sdng d viing cue

ndng va viing cue lanh da

thich nghi dac biet vdi mdi

trudng

- GV hoi: nude eo vai tro

nhu the' nao Uong qua trinh

ho hap?

- GV bd sung kien thiic:

+ Khi tang ham lupng nudc

trong hat len 30 - 35% thi

Hoqt dpng cua HS

+ Vung bang tuyet thOng la nhpn vln hd ha'p dugc vi sao?

- HS nghien ciiu SGK trang

51 muc 11 tta Idi

-Yeu cau neu dugc:

+ Vai tto dung mOi

+ Tham gia vao hP ha'p

- HS tra Idi -> ldp nhan xet

Ndidung

thi protein bi bie'n tinh, ca'u true chat nguyen sinh bi pha huy, cay chet

2 Ham lugng nudc

* Vai tro cua nudc dd'i vdi

hd hdp

- Nudc la dung mPi, moi

trudng cho cac phan ling hoa sinh xay ra ttong hO ha'p

- Tham gia ttuc tiep vao viec dxi hoa nguyen lieu h6 hap

* Ham luong nUdc vd cudng dd hd hdp

131

Hoqt dpng cua GV Hoat ddng cua HS

cudng dp hd hap tang len

hang nghin lan

+ Hd hap tang chii yeu la

hd hap vo hipu lam khdi

hat ndng len

+ Vdi rau qua tuoi thi dp

am bao hoa hay gan bao

hoa thi cudng dp ho hap la

nhd nhat

- GV hdi: anh hudng ciia

ndng dp O2 va COj ddi vdi

ho hap dua uen co sd khoa

hpc nao?

- GV nhan xet danh gia va

giup HS hoan thipn kie'n

thlie

- GV hoi: Ndng dp Pxi va

ndng dp COj trong khi

quydn anh hudng tdi hP

hap nhu the nao?

- HS nghien ciiu SGK trang

51 m u e n

- Yeu cin neu dugc:

+ Hoat dpng chu yeu ciia Pxi ttong ho ha'p

+ Ham lugng CO2 ttong moi trudng

khPng khi va ttong te bao

+ Neu ndng dp oxi giam se

va ngugc lai

3 Anh hudng cua nong

Aii O2 va C O ;

* Co sd khoa hpc

- Oxi tham gia true tiep

vao dxi hoa cac chat hihi co trong hd hap

- Oxi la chat nhan dipn t& cudi ciing ttong chudi chuydn dipn tit, sau dd hinh thanh nudc

- CO2 la san p h ^ eiia qua Uinh hd hap

- Cae phan ling dd giai phdng CO2 vao khdng khi

la phan ilng thuan nghich

- Khi ham lugng CO2 trong mdi trudng cao thi phan ling chuydn dich theo chidu nghich va ho hap bi lie eh^

* Anh hudng cua nong dp O2

~ Ndng dp O2 ttong khong

* anh hudfig cua nong dp CO2

- Ham lupng CO2 ttong

- GV neu vah dd: muc

tieu ciia viec bao quan

nPng san la gi?

- GV hdi:

+ Trong qua ttinh bao

quan, nguyen, nhan nao

lam n6ng san bi hu hong?

+ Co sd khoa hoc cua vipc

bao quan ndng san la gi?

Hoqt ddng cda HS

- HS van diang kig^n thtic da

hpc d mPn cPng nghe 10 dd tta Idi

- HS van dung kie'n thiic eua bai 11 va thuc t^ viec bao quan ndng san

- Thao luan nhanh trong nhdm dd tta Idi

- Yeu c^u neu dugc:

+ Trong qua trinh bao quan

Npi dung

1 Muc tieu cua bao quan

- GiiJ duoc deh miic tdi da

sd lugng va chat lugng cua dd'i tugng bao quan trong sudt qua trinh bao quan

133

Hoat ddng cua GV

- GV nhan xet danh gia y

kien cua HS

- GV din dat: trong thuc

t^ con ngudi can khdng

che' ho hap nhung phai

dam bao hipu qua bao

quan cao -> Tun hidu hau

qua eua hO ha'p ddi vdi

viec bao quan

- GV neu eau hoi: hd ha'p

da gay nen hau qua nhu

the nao cho nong san cho

qua ttinh bao quan?

Hoqt ddng cua HS

~ GV nhan xet danh gia

va yeu cin HS khai quat

kie'n thlie

cd nhidu nguyen nhan lam hong nong san, dd la do vi sinh vat, chupt bp, do hoat dpng ho hap ciia chinh ndng san

+ Co sd khoa hpc: nong san la nhi5ng co quan, bp phan cdn* sd'ng nen vln con hoat dpng hd ha'p Nen can lam giam hd ha'p d miic thap nhat

Ndi dung

- HS nghien ciiu SGK

trang 52, 53 dd tra Idi

- Yeu cin neu dupe 4 hau

qua chinh, dd la:

+ Tieu hao chat hiiu co + Dp am

+ Nhiet dp

+ Thanh phSn khi

- HS trinh bay -^ ldp bd

sung - HO ha'p tieu hao chat hiiu

CO ciia nOng san

- HO hap lam tang dp im

cua nPng san

- HO ha'p lam tang nhiet dd

Hoqt ddng cua GV

- GV neu cau hdi thao

luan:

+ Tai sao hd hap cua nong

san ttong qua trmh bao

quan lai bi tieu hao chat

hihi ccf?

+ Vi sao ho hap lam tang

dp in\ ciia nong san?

+ Viec tang nhiet dp trong

mOi trudng bao quan gay

nen anh hudng gi?

+ Thanh phan khi ttong

mOi uudng bao quan thay

ddi nhu the nao?

Hoqt dpng cua HS

~ GV nhan xet danh gia y

kie'n thao luan eiia cac

- HS van dung ki^n thlie dd thao luan nhdm thdng nhat

y kien, yeu cau neu duge:

+ Trong thdi ki dinh dudng eua cay tieu hao chat hiiu

CO trong hd hap dugc bii lai blng hoat dpng quang hpp, tirong bao quan thi khdng

cd su bii lai chat hiiu co ma chi cd bi tieu hao, hd hap cang manh nOng san phan huy cang nhanh

+ Dua vao phuong ttinh hO hap biet dugc qua trinh hd ha'p sinh ra nudc, lugng nudc se dupe tich tu va tang dp am ciia nOng ph^m,

va khi dp £m vugt qual3%

thi hd hap tang va vi sinh vat phat trien ' + Trong hd hap cdn sinh ra nhiet tu do lam tang nhipt

dp trong khdi nong san va kich thich hoat dpng phan huy cua cac vi sinh vat

+ Khi hd hap tang thi lugng khi O2 giam, lucmg khi CO2 tang nhidu ttong mOi ttudng bao quan thi hd ha'p

cd thd chuydn sang hO hap y^m khi se phan huy nhanh chdng cac cha't hiiu co

Npi dung

trong mdi ttudng bao quan

- HO hap lam thay ddi thanh phan khi trong mOi ttudng bao quan

135

Hoqt dpng cua GV

nhdm va dua van dd: dd

tang hieu qua ciia cdng

tac bao quan ndng san

phim thi phai cd bien

phap gi ngay sau khi thu

hoach?

- GV hdi: tai sao cac bipn

phap bao quan ddu nham

mpt muc dich giam miic

tdi thidu cudng dp hd

hap?

- GV yeu c^u: em hay

van dung kieh thiic bp

mdn eOng nghe 10 ttinh

bay cac bipn phap bao

quan ndng san

- GV tdm tat: trong gidi

han bai hpc ehi tim hidu 3

bien phap bao quan chii

yeu dd la: bao quan khd,

bao quan lanh, bao quan

nhd ndng dp khi COj

Hoqt ddng cua HS

ttong nOng p h ^

- HS cd the tta Idi "

+ Thu hoach nhanh gpn

+ Khdng che' hd hap cua ndng san

- HS sft dung kieh thiic da tie'p thu dugc ttong bai dd tra Idi:

+ Muc dich eiia bao quan

la bao tdn sd lugng va chat lugng cho vat bao quan

+ Hd hap manh se tieu hao nhanh chat lugng

- HS cd thd ttinh bay qui trinh bao quan ndng san

+ Bao quan luong thuc

+ Bao quan rau qua tuoi

- HS cd the dua ra vi du vd bao quan mdt sd ndng san

+ Bao quan thdc ttong kho Silo

+ Bao quan san lat khO

- Bao quan hat ttong cac kho Idn

b) Bdo qudn lanh

- Da sd cac loai thuc ph^m

rau qua

Hoqt ddng cua GV

-* Cung cd: MO'i hen quan

thuan giiJa ho hap vdi cdc

ye^u td moi ttudng la co sd

dd ed bien phap bao quan

nOng san nham giam tdi

da tieu hao vd chat lugng

va sd lupng nOng san

Hoqt dpng cua HS + Bao quan khoai lang tucri

bang cat kho

+ Bao quan theo each truydn thdng bang chum, vai, thiing phuy

+ Bao quan rau qua tuoi bang chieu xa

Ndi dung

- Ndng san dugc giir trong

cac kho lanh, tu lanh d cac ngan cd nhiet dp khac nhau

c) Bdo qudn trong dieu kien ndng dp CO2 cao gay

dc chehd hdp

- Xac dinh ndng dp COj

thich hgp ddi vdi cac ddi tugng bao quan va muc dich bao quan

- Sir dung cac kho kin cd ndng dp CO2 eao hon

- Sir dung tui polietilen

IV KI^M TRA DANH GIA

- GV cho HS ve d6 thi hoac so dd bidu thi mdi lien quan gifta hd hap va cac

ye'u td mdi trudng

- Co sd va cac bipn phap bao quan ndng san

V DAN DO

- Hpc bai tra Idi cau hdi SGK

- Chuan bi bai thuc hanh

+ HS dpc trudc bai 13

+ Mdi nhdm chu^n bi 3 loai la: khoai lang, la dau, la san day (ne'u cd) cdn turn

137

Bai 13 ThLTc hanh: TACH CHIET SAC TO TLf LA

VA TACH CAc NHOM SAC TO BANG PHl/ONG PHAP HOA HOC

I MUC TIEU

- HS quan sat dugc hdn hgp sac td nit ra tCr la cd mau xanh luc va khi tach dugc 2 nhdm sac td rieng re quan sat duge nhdm Qorophyl cd mau xanh luc, nhdm Crdteridit cd mau vang

- HS dugc cung cd kie'n thiic da hpc ve sac td quang hgp d cac bai ly thuyet

" Thdng qua bai thuc hanh ren luyen ki nang thao tac vdi cac dung cu va hoa chat trong phdng thi nghiem, dac biet la tach chiet hdn hgp dung dich mau

[I CHUAN Bj

- Mau vat: mpt it la khoai lang hoac la dau, la san day tuoi

- Dung cu: cdi, chay su:, phidu loc, giay loc, binh chi^t

- Hoa cha't: dung mdi hiiu co: axeton, benzen

- GV yeu ciu HS nhac lai kie'n thiic vd sac td quang hgp va mdi lien quan

giiia ham lugng sac td trong la vdi kha nang quang hgp cua cay

- GV dan dat vao bai:

Hoqt dpng 1: Nguyen t^c cua phuang phap tach triet

Muc tieu: HS nam dugc nguyen tac co ban ciia phuong phap tach chiet sac td

quang hgp tii la

Hoqt dpng cda GV vd HS

- GV yeu cau HS

+ Nghien ciiu SGK trang 54 muc 1

Ndi dung

Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS

+ Trinh bay nguyen tac cua phuang phap

tach chi6t sac td quang hgp tiJr la

- HS thuc hien yeu c^u, va phai neu dugc:

+ £)ac didm cua sac td

+ Kha nang hoa tan ciia cac sac to

Ndi dung

- Sac td cua la chi hoa tan trong dung mOi

hull CO

- Mdi sac td thanh phin cd thd hoa tan lot

ttong mpt dung mOi hiru eo nhat dinh

- Sac td quang hgp d la xanh gdm 2 nhOm:

clorophyl va carOtendit

Hoqt dpng 2: Cach ti^'n hanh

Muc ti^u:

- HS bie't dugc cac thao tac thi nghipm

- Lam dugc san phdm de quan sat

Hoat dpng cua GV vd HS

- De chuan bi cho bai thuc hanh, GV tie'n

hanh cac budc: ' ' • '

+ Neu yeu du ciia bai thuc hanh

+ Phat mpt sd dung cu cho cac nhom quan

hvas&dung '

+ Quan sat mau ma nhdm yeu khoa hoc

da lam thanh cdng

+ Yeu cin 1,2 nhdm ttinh bay cac thao tac

chi6t rut sac td va tach sac td thanh phin

~ Trong khi cac nhdm lam thi nghipm,

GV bao quat, nhac nhd, giiip dd nhdm

- Nam vi3ng yeu cin bai thuc hanh

- Quan sat mlu

- Nam dugc cac thao tac thi nghipm dd tien hanh

1 Chiet rut sac td

- Lay tir 2—> 3 g la tuoi, cat nhd cho vao cdi sii " r

- Nghien nho vdi mpt it axetOn 80%

- Them axetOn khuay ddu lpc qua phdu

- Dd vao binh chi^t duge sac td mau xanh luc

139

Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS

—

Npi dung

2 Tach cac s^c to' thanh phan

- Lay mpt lugng benzen ga'p doi lugng dung dich vtra chiet rdi dd vao binh chiet,

lac din, de yen

- Quan sat binh chigt sau vai phut

- Dung dich mau phan thanh 2 ldp

+ Ldp dudi cd mau vang: Mau cua carOtendit hoa tan ttong benzen

+ Ldp uen cd mau xanh luc: mau cua clorophyl hoa tan trong axetdn

Hoqt dpng 3: HS vie't thu hoach

Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS

- GV yeu cau:

+ Viet tudng ttinh theo nhdm

+ Giai thich ket qua

+ Tra Idi cau hdi cudi bai

+ Rut ra ke't luan

- GV bd sung kie'n thiic

Qorophyl la este ciia axit dicacboxilic

C32H3oON4Mg (COGH); vdi 2 loai rugu la

phyton (C2oH3.,OH) va metanol (CH3OH),

nen cong thirc cua clorophyl cd thd vi^t la:

C32H^ON4Mg ^ — — COOH,

^"^COOC2„H39

- Qorophyl khi tac dung vdi bazo xay ra

1 phan ling xa phdng hoa tao mudi

Npi dung

- Cac nhdm thao luan dd hoan thanh bai

thu hoach

* Cac budc ti^n hanh thi nghiem: chiet rut

sac td va tach cae sac td thanh phin

* Tra Idi eau hdi

• Tach chiet hdn hgp bang dung mdi hflu

CO vi sac to' chi tan trong dung mdi httu ea, khdng tan trong nudc

• Dua vao nguyen tac mdi sdc td cd kha nang tan ttong dung mdi hiiu ccf khac nhau

Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS

clorophinat vln cd mau xanh

- Qorophyl khi tac dung vdi axit thi Mg bi

H thay thi^ hinh thanh nen pheophytin k^t

tiia mau nau

* Cung cd: Qua bai thuc hanh HS hidu

them ve sac td quang hgp Ham lugng sic

td clorophyl cao thd'hien ro chiic nang

quang hgp chu yeu eiia nd

Npi dung

IV KI^M TRA DANH GIA

- GV kidm tra mlu ket qua ciia cac nhdm

- GV nhan xet danh gia gid hpc

V DAN DO

- HS rfra dung cu tra lai phdng thi nghipm

- Lau don ldp hpc

- Chu^n hi: mdi td 1 Kg ngd, thdc hay dau lam trudc thi nghipm d nha

Bai 14 Thuc hanh: CHLTNG MINH QUA TRINH

HO HAP TOA NHIET

I MUC TIEU

- Minh hoa bai giang ve ho ha'p: hd ha'p la qua trinh oxi hoa cac hgp chat hiiu

CO dd giai phdng ra nang lugng sinh hoc (ATP, chda khoang 50% nang lugng ciia ban thd hd hap va nang lugng dudi dang nhiet) Nhu vay ro rang

hd hap la mpt qua trinh toa nhiet

- Ren kl nang thuc hipn chinh xac cac thao tac trong phdng thi nghipm

- Ren luypn kha nang phan doan tu duy logic trong qua trinh tie'n hanh thi nghipm

II CHUAN Bj

- Mau that: mdi nhdm khoang 1 kg hat thdc, dau, ngd

141

- Dung cu: binh thuy tmh mieng rpng cd thd tich 2-3 lit, cd nut, mpt nhipt ke', mpt hpp xdp to each nhiet tdt dd dung binh

- GV yeu cau HS chudn bi d nha eac budc thi nghipm nhu: ngam hat vao nudc a'm trudc tir 2-3 gid

III TIEN HANH

1 Kiem tra

GV kiem tra phdn chudn bi d nha cua cac nhdm

2 Trong tam

- Bd tri thanh cong thi nghiem dd chiing minh bang thuc nghipm ring: ho hap

la qua trinh toa nhiet

- Chiing minh bang li thuye't, trdn co sd each tinh he sd hieu qua hd hap (H SHQNLHH)

3 Bai mdi

- GV cho HS vi^t phuong trinh bidu thi qua trinh ho hap len bang va phan tich ' + Qua trinh hd hip thai COj, HjO

+ Ho ha'p cdn giai phdng ATP va nhiet

- GV dat van dd: lam the' nao de bidt qua trinh hd h^p sinh ra nhipt, didu nay chiing minh bang thi nghipm

Hoqt dpngl: Nguyen tac cua phuong phap

Mtic tieu: HS nam dugc nguyen tac ciia phuong phap thi nghipm chiing minh hd hap toa nhiet

Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS

- GV yeu cau HS nghien ciiu SGK trang

56, 57 va trinh bay nguyen tac cua phuong

phap thi nghipm chiing minh hO hap la qua

trinh toa nhiet

- HS thuc hien yeu ciu va neu dugc:

+ HO ha'p d hat nay mam

Nang lugng chi tich luy dugc khoang 50%

Npi dung

- Qua trinh hd hap didn ra manh me trong hat dang nay mam

Hoqt ddng cua GV vd HS Npi dung

- Qua ttinh hd ha'p se cung cap nang lupng

va chat trung gian cho qua ttinh hinh thanh mam re, mam than va mpt ca thd mdi.'

- Hd hap chi tich luy dugc khoang 50% nang lugng trong ATP

- Mpt nura sd nang lugng con lai cua ban thd ho ha'p dupe thai ra dudi dang nhipt nang

- Khi ho hap ddi tugng hd hap toa nhiet

Hoqt dpng 2: Cach tien hanh

Muc tieu:

- HS lam thanh cdng thi nghipm

- Biet giai thich, lien he thuc te' va tinh toan li thuye't hd so hieu qua nang lugng hd ha'p

Hoat dpng cda GV vd HS

-GV yeu cdu:

+ Cac nhdm ttinh bay cac budc thi nghipm

+ ThOng bao k^t qua thi nghipm

- Dai dien mpt v^i nhom trinh bay cae budc

thi nghiem

- Cac nhdm kidm tra ket qua lan nhau va

ghi len bang

_

Ndi dung

~

* Tien hdnh thi nghiem

- Cho hat vao binh thuy tinh rdi dd ngap

nudc a'm, ngam khoang 2-3 gid

- Gan he't nudc khoi binh, nut kin binh

va cam 1 nhiet kd true tie'p vao khdi hat

- Dat ca binh thuy tinh vao hpp xO'p each nhiet

* Ke't qud:

143

Hoqt dpng cua GV vd HS Npi dung

- GV dd HS theo doi ket qua ghi tren bang

va thao luan dd giai thich

- GV ggi y,bang cau hoi:

+ Tai sao nhiet ke ttong binh lai tang len?

+ Cdt thuy ngan cua nhiet k^ dang nhanh

sau 2,3 gid vi sao?

- HS tra Idi dugc: Do nhipt dp trong binh

tang ma nhiet tang nay ehi cd thd do cac,hat

trong binh dang nay mdm thai ra

* Lien he: Em da thay hipn tugng nay trong

thuc t6 chua?

- HS cd thd tta Idi: vd que dugc xem nOng

dan ii Ilia gidng, neu cho tay vao thiing thdc

dang nay mam thay tay a'm ndng

* Md rpng: GV hudng dan HS tinh hp sd

hipu qua nang lugng ho hap va giai thich

mpt sd sd lipu trong cdng thiic tinh

Hp sd hipu qua nang lugng hO hap

(HSHQNLHH)

HSHQNLHH =

Sd nang lupng ti'ch luy trong ATP ^

Sd nang lupng chiia trong ddi tuong ho hap

C:uthd:

HSHQNLHH =

647kCal

* Cung cd: Nhu vay vd mat ly thuye't cd thd

- Nhiet dp ttong binh luc dau gan bang nhipt dp mdi ttudng

- Sau I gid cpt thuy ngan cua nhiet k^ bat dau dang len

- Sau 2-3 gid cdt thuy ngan dang nhanh hon

* Gidi thich:

- Nhiet dp trong binh thuy tinh tang len

do hat ttong binh nay mam hd hap manh

va giai phdng 1 phan nang lugng dudi dang nhiet

* Ket luan:

- Trong qua trinh hd hap ciia hat co su toa nhiet;

Hoqt dpng cda GV vd HS

dua vao HSHQNLHH de bi^ dugc hO hap

toa nhipt Cdn vd mat thuc tidn cd the bd tri

thi nghipm ddi vdi hat nay mam hay hoat

dpng khac ciia cay trdng

Ndi dung

IV KIEM TRA DANH GIA

- GV nhan xet nhiing uu diem va tdn tai cua gid thuc hanh, cua nhdm cu thd

- Danh gia san phim cua cac nhdm^

V DAN DO

- Vie't bao cao tudng trinh

• - Giai thieh thi nghiem

- Tap bd tri thi nghiem dd chiing minh ho ha'p toa nhipt

- On tap kien thiie vd trao ddi chat, chuyen hoa va hoat dpng ti6u hoa d dpng vat an thit va an cd

B - CHUYfiN HOA VAT CHXT

* * *

Bai 15, TIEU HOA

I MUC TIEU

1 Kie'n thurc

- HS phan bipt dugc bie'n ddi trung gian (Tidu hoa) vdi chuyen hoa vM chat

va nang lugng d te' bao (Chuydn hoa npi bao)

- Phan bipt tieu hoa npi bao vdi tieu hoa ngoai bao va neu dugc su phiic tap hoa trong ca'u tao cua co quan tieu hoa trong qua trinh ti^n hoa cua cac dpng vat

- Trinh bay dugc dac diem cau tao cua co quan tieu hoa thich nghi \6i ch^ dp

an cua dpng vat an thit va an tap

- Trinh bay dugc co che va qua trinh h^p thu cac chat dinh dudng va con dudng van chuydn cac chat hap thu

2 KT nang

Ren mpt sd ki nang:

- Phan tich so sanh

- Tu duy tdng hgp, khai quat hoa

- Van dung ly thuye't vao thuc tidn

- Hoat dpng dpc lap va hoat dpng nhdm

II THIET Bj DAY-HOC

- Tranh phdng to hinh SGK va hmh 15 SGV

- Mau vat: bp rang ham ciia chd, meo

- Tranh co quan tieu hoa d hd, Ign, trau, bd

Phie'u hoc t$p s o l TIM H i i u TIEU HOA d CAC NHOM DONG VAT

^ \ ^ ^ C a c nhom DV

N6i dung ^ \ , ^ ^

Kieu tieu hoa

Co quan tieu hoa

Cach nhan thOt an

Bien ddi thdc an

Dpng vat ddn bao Qpng vat da bao

bdc thli^p

Dpng vat da bao bac cao

Phie'u hoc tap so 2

TIM H i i u S i ; TIEU HOA d DONG VAT AN THIT VA AN TAP

* ca'u tao

- Bp rang

- Op dai rupt

* Bien ddi ly hoc

* Bien ddi hoa hoc

Dpng vatSn thjt Dpng vat an tap

- Tranh phdng to: con dudng van chuydn cac chat sau khi hap thu (SGK Sinh

- Phan bipt tieu hoa npi bao va tieu hoa ngoai bao

- Bie'n ddi co hoc chi tao dieu kipn thuan lgi cho bien ddi hda hoc, cdn bi^n

ddi hoa hoc mdi tao san phdm don gian dd hap thu f

- Dac diem cSiu tao ciia cac ca quan tieu hoa thich nghi vdi che' dd an

ur

3 Bai mdi

Md bai: Ne'u cd bang hinh GV cd the cho HS theo doi qua trinh tieu hoa c dpng

vat nguyen sinh, d thuy tdc, d ngudi de dan dat vao npi dung bai hoc

Hoqt dpng 1: Khai niem tieu hoa

Muc tieu:

- HS trinh bay dugc khai niem tieu hoa

- Phan biet dugc bie'n ddi trung gian, dd la tieu hoa vdi chuyen hoa npi bao,

dd la ddng hoa va di hoa

Hoqt dpng cua GV Hoqt dpng cua HS Npi dung

- GV yeu cau:

Em hay neu mpt sd dac

didm trong qua trinh tieu

hoa thiic an d ngudi?

- GV yeu eau:

Tir kie'n thiic da hoe em hay

khai quat thanh khai nipm

tieu hoa

- GV bd sung ki^n thlie va

yeu cin HS phan bipt tieu

hoa vdi chuydn hoa npi

bao

- HS van dung cac kie'n

thirc sinh hoc ldp 8 di tra

Idi mpt sd dac didm ciia su tieu hoa

+ Bie'n ddi li hoc d mipng,

- HS khai quat kieh thiie

- HS van dung kie'n thiic sinh hoe ldp 8, 9, 10 tra Idi dugc

- Tieu hoa la qua trinh bieh ddi thiic an tii dang phiic tap (lay vao) thanh cha't

- Tieu hoa la qua Uinh bie^n ddi cac thlie an phiic tap la'y ttr mOi trudng ngoai de trd thanh cac cha't hiiu co don gian cd thd ha'p thu dugc vao mau dd dua den t^ bao Day la qua trinh bie'n ddi trung gian trong

CO quan tieu hoa tao didu

Hoqt dpng cua GV Hoqt dpng cua HS

don gian hoa tan

- Cdn trao ddi chat va ehuydn hoa npi bao ia qua trinh tdng hop cac cha't sdng rieng cua t^bao va tao ATP cho moi hoat dpng sdng cua te" bao

- Phan biet dugc su tieu hoa d cac nhdm dpng vat

- Chi ra dugc vai trd quan trong cua bie'n ddi hoa hoc trong qua trinh tieu hoa

, - Tha'y dude ca'u tao cua co quan tieu hoa phii hdp vdi ch^ dp an

Hoqt dpng cua GV

-GVyeucauHS

+ Quan sat hinh 15 SGV

phdng to (co quan tieu hoa

d cac ddng vat)

+ Hoan thanh cac npi diing

ciia phie'u hpc tap sd I'Tun

hidu tieu hoa d cae nhdni

- van dung cac kien thiic

sinh hoc d cac ldp dudi —>

thao luan trong nhdm

thdng nhat y ki^n —> Ghi

phieii hoc tap

- D a i dien mpt sd nhdm

trinh bay dap an —> ldp

nhan xet bd sung

- cac nhdm theo doi dap

an diing va tu s&a chira

Npi dung

1 Tieu hoa a cac nhom

dpng vat

149

^ \ Cac nhom DV

Npi dung ^ \ ^

*Kilu tidu hoa

* Co quan tieu hoa

Cach tiep nhan

- Thuc bao nhd co b6p cOa khdi cha't nguyen sinh

Thifc an nhd enzim thuy phan trong lizoxom tiet ra da bie'n ddi thanh cha't dinh dudng

Opng vat da bao bac thap

- Cd te bao tiet djch

- Nhd cac tua, xuc

tu xung quanh mieng

- ThiJfc an duoc bien ddi trong tui ruOt nhd cac enzim cOa te bao tuyen thanh cha't dinh dudng

Dpng vat da bao bac

cao

- Ngoai bao

- Phan hoa va chuyen hoa vdi chijfc nang

- Gdm 2 phan: 6'ng tidu hoa va tuyen tieu hoa

- Nhd cac co quan

d mieng nhiT Rang, ludi, md

- ThCfc an duoc bien ddi ve mat co hpc thanh phan nho

- Thijfc an dugc tidp tuc bid'n ddi hoa hoc nhd cac enzim thanh cac chat ddn gian hoa tan, ha'p thu vao mau va bach huyet tdi te bao va tdng hc^ thanh cha't sdng rieng cua te bao

Hoqt dpng cua GV

- GV yeu c^u;

Phan biet tieu hoa npi bao

va rieu hoa ngoai bao ?

Hoqt dpng cua HS

- HS neu duoc

+ Tieu hoa npi bao la tieu hoa ngay Uong te' bao co thd do khdng co quan tieu

Npi dung

Hoqt dpng cua GV

- GV nha'n manh: trong

qua Uinh tieh hoa su hoan

thien td chiic co thd dan

deh hoan thipn chiic nang

sinh li

- GV dSn dat: da sd dpng

vat da bao bac cao tieu hoa

ngoai bao, tuy nhien tuy

vao loai thiic an ma ca'u tao

dng tieu hoa khae nhau, thd

hipn ro d cac nhdm dpng

vat: an thit, an cd, an tap

- GV yeu cdu:

+ Quan, sat Uanh he tieu

hoa ciia bd, Ign, hd

+ Hoan thanh cac ndi dung

trong phieii hoc tap sd 2:

"Tun hidu su tieu hoa d

dpng vat an thit va an tap"

- GV chiia bai bang each

chi^u phieu hoc tap eua

mpt vai nhdm len may va

ldp ciing thao luan

- GV thdng bao dap an

ddng

Hoqt ddng cua HS

hoa rieng bipt

+ Tieu hoa ngoai bao: la tieu hoa uong co quan tieu hoa chuyen hoa, thiic an sau khi bi^n ddi hoan toan thanh cha't don gian mdi dugc dua tdi t^ bao co thd

ghi phieu hoc tap

- Cae nhdm theo doi va tu sira chiia

DAP AN PHIEU HOC TAP SO 2

+ Rang ham: co ma'u dep, sac -"

+ Ngan do thiifc an giau dinh duflng

- Mieng: tieu hoa mpt phan thifc an

nhd enzim trong nUdc bpt

- Da day: thifc an protein dUpc bien

ddi nhd tac dung cfla HCI va pepsin

trong djch vi

- Ruot: thifc an dUOc bien ddi hoan

toan thanh ch^t don gian hoa tan,

nhd cac loai enzim

Dpng v^tan tap

- Rang Ciia va rang nanh khong nhpn sac

- Rang ham det

- Rupt dai hon do cd thCfc an xenluld

IVIieng + Cat, nhai nghien nho thCfc an

Da day + Co bop nhao trpn thdc an, nghien nhd

- Mieng: tieu hoa mpt phan thiic

an nhd enzim trong nUdc bpt

- Da day: chi cd lugng nho thCfc an prdtein dugc bien doi nhd HCI va pepsin

- Rudt: thiic an duoc bien ddi tuong t u nhu dpng vat an thjt

Hoqt dpng cua GV

- GV neu eau hdi thao luan

+ Tai sao ndi su tieu hoa

dugc hoan thanh d rupt

non?

+ Su tieu hoa d dpng vat an

thit khac vdi dpng vat an

tap d dac didm nao?

Hoqt dpng cua HS

- HS sir dung cac kie'n thiic

d phieu hpc tap dd tra Idi dugc

+ Su tieu hoa hoan thanh d rupt non vi khi thiic an xudng tdi rupt non thi d

Npidung

Hoqt dpng cua GV

- GV bd sung kieh thiic d

trang 81, 82 SGV

* Lien hp: bie^t dugc dac

didm tieu hoa ciia cae

+ Su tieu hoa thiic an d hai nhdm dpng vat khac nhau d each bien ddi va thdi gian tieu hoa thlie an

- HS CO thd tra Idi dugc:

+ Cd ch^ dp an hgp ly cho timg nhdm

+ Dua vao thdi gian tieu hoa dd cung ca'p thiic an

~ HS quan sat hinh ve, ke't hgp vdi SGK uang 59 va kidn thlie sinh hpc THCS

- Yeu cau neu dugc:

+ Sd lugng nep gap

* Cdu tao rupt

- Niem mac rupt cd nhidu ndp gap

- Tai cac nep gap ed nhieu Idng rupt va cac Idng cue nhd

- Cd he thdng mao mach j

153

Hoqt dpng cua GV Hoqt dpng cua HS Npi dung

- GV hdi:

+ Do dau bd mat hap thu

cua rupt cd thd tang len

hang nghin lan? Didu dd cd

y nghia nhu the' nao dd'i vdi

su hap thu?

- GV yeu cau HS:

+ Neu CO che' van chuyen

cac chat qua mang?

+ cac chat dugc hap thia

nhd CO che nao?

+ Quan sat Uanh: con

dudng van ehuydn eac chat

sau khi ha'p thu

- GV nhan x^t danh gia va

yeu cau HS khai quat ki^n

thlie

- GV bd sung kie'n thiic ve

hai con dudng van chuydn

cac cha't sau khi hap thu tdi

te bao Dac biet la qua gan

dd khir dpc va didu chinh

ham lugng dudng trong

mau

- HS van dung ki6i thiic dd tra Idi

+ Be mat ha'p thu tang len

la nhd cd cac nep gap va cae Idng rudt

+ Dipn tich be mat ha'p thu Idn thi tdc dp hap thu va lugng chat dugc ha'p thu nhidu, kip thdi dd van chuydn deii te bao

- HS quan sat tranh hinh

- van dung kie'n thlie sinh hpc 10

- Tra Idi cau hdi Yeu cau

+ Phan biet cac chat hap thu

+ Nhan biet eon dudng van ehuydn cac cha't

- Dai dipn HS Ua Idi, ldp nhan xet

Bao gdm cac chat glixeim axit beo, vitamin tan ttong dau

~ Ha'p thu theo co chd van chuydn tich cue: (Tieu tdn nang lugng)

Bao gdm cac cha't cdn lai

Horn ddng cua GV

* Cung cd: Bai hpc da

khai quat dugc mpt sd kie'n

thlie vd tieu hoa d dpng vat

Hoqt ddng cua HS Npi dung

dd la glucO, axit amin, mudi khoang

* Ket luan chung

- HS dpc ket luan cudi bai trang 60

- Cd 7 hang ngang vdi cac cau hdi de lua chon

* Hang ngang sd 1: Gdm 4 chii cai

Day la CO quan giup cac loai thu an thit cat, xe thdc an (RANG)

* Hang ngang sd 2: Gdrn 8 chft cai

Day la con dudng van chuydn cac ch^t sau khi h^p thu rdi di qua gan dd den cac td bao (DUdNG M A U )

* Hang ngang sd 3: Gdm 6 chii cai

O dpng vat don bao qua trinh tieu hoa nay la chii y6'u (NOI BAG)

* Hang ngang sd 4: gdm 3 chC cai

Dpng vat da bao bac thSip nhu thuy tiic, sda dung bp phan nay dd lay thiic

an (TUA)

* Hang ngang sd 5: Cd 6 chii cai

Nhd cd dac diem nay ma bd mat hap thu cua rupt tang len nhidu lan (NEP

• G ^ )

* Hang ngang sd 6: Cd 5 chii cai

Tieu hoa ngoai bao chi cd d nhflng dpng vat nay (DA BAG)

* Hangngang s d 7 : Cd9chircai

Cac cha't nhu Glyxerin, axit beo hCp thu qua mang nhd co che nay (KHUECH TAN)

155

- Hoc bai tra Idi cau hdi SGK

~ On tap kie'n thiic vd tieu hoa d cac nhdm dpng vat khac

Bai 16 TIEU HOA (Tiep theo)

I MUC TIEU

1 Kien thiifc

- Neu dugc dac diem ca'u tao phii hgp vdi che' dp an cua he tieu hoa d cac dpng vat an thuc vat nhu trau, bd

- HS trinh bay dugc bie'n ddi thiic an thuc vat d cac nhdm dpng vat nay trong

dd luu y den sir bie'n ddi sinh hoc

- HS tha'y dugc ngudn prdtein chu ye'u d cac dpng vat an thuc vat la vi sinh vat phat trien rat manh trong didu kipn pH va nhipt dp thich hgp

2 KT nang

Ren mpt sd ki nang:

- Phan tich tranh hinh nhan bie't ki^n thdc

- So sanh khai quat kie'n thiic

- van dung li thuyet vao thuc tidn

- Hoat dpng nhdm

II THIET BJ DAY Hpc

~ Mpt sd tranh hinh lien quan den bai hoe nhu; hinh 16.1 SGK trang 63, tranh

da day bd, tranh he tieu hoa d thd va chim

Thdng tin bd sung

- Tieu hoa d da cd: da cd ed the coi nhu mpt chiec thiing len men, tieu hoa d

da cd ra't quan trong, 50% vat cha't khd cua kh^u phdn an da dugc tieu hoa d

da cd Cac thdc an hiiu co dugc bie'n ddi ma khdng cd su tham gia ciia cac enzim tieu hoa Xenluldzo va khac cha't khac ciia thiic an dugc phan giai la nhd enzim ciia cac vi sinh vat sdng cpng sinh trong da cd Mdi trudng trong

da cd ra't thuan lgi cho su phat tridn ciia cac loai vi sinh vat

Trong da cd cd cac hp vi sinh vat nhu

* Vi thuc vat: bao gdm cac loai vi khudn phan giai xenluldzo, gluxit, protein

* Nam: na'm men, na'm mdc

* Vi dpng vat: chii ye'u la cac dpng vat nguyen sinh, trong dd quan trpng la ldp tiem mao triing, trung to

* Vai trd cda cac vi sinh vat trong tieu hoa thiic an d da cd

* Tac dung co hoc vdi thiic an: chii ye'u la do ldp tiem mao trung chung xe rach mang xenluldzo, dung xenlulozo lam ngudn dinh dudng eho ban than chung Chung cdn nghidn nat thdc an dd cho thu'c an dd dang chiu tac dung ciia cac Enzim ciia vi khu^n

* Tieu hoa hoa hoc: La do cac enzim cua vi sinh vat bai tie't ra Qua trinh tieu hoa cac chat dinh dudng didn ra nhu sau:

* Su phan giai thu'c an thd so (rom, ra, cd khd ) ma thanh phan chinh ciia

chiing la: xenluldzo, pectin va san phim cua cac axit ax6tic, axit butyric

^Nhiing san ph^m nay phin Idn dugc hap thu d da cd

* Su phan giai va tdng hgp protein ciia vi sinh vat trong da cd nhu sau:

Prdtein proteaza peptit peptit daza axit amin deaminazaaxit hiiu co, NH^ San ph^m cudi ciing cua su phan giai protein khdng- phai chi la axit amin nhu

d da day dofn ma la NH,

Ddng thdi vi sinh vat da sir dung NH;, de tdng hgp thanh axit amin va prdtein

cua ban than chung Mpt phin NH3 dugc hap thu va dugc tao thanh ure

* Su tieu hoa li pit trong da ed: ti Ip lipit cd trong thiic an cua dpng vat nhai lai

la ra't it, nen co thd la'y axit beo tir su phan giai gluxit de tdng hgp lipit

157

- Tieu hoa thiic an d da td ong: da td ong cd nhidu gd gidng nhu td ong, khi

td ong CO bdp phdn thiic an thd trd lai da cd, thiic an long va nudc vao da la sach

- Tieu hoa thu:c an d da la sach: chii ye'u la tieu hoa ca hoc ep lpc thiic an, phan thu'c an long vao da mui khe", phan thirc an dac dugc giii lai giiia cac la sach de tid'p tuc tieu hoa nhu da cd

- Tieu hoa thiic an trong da mui khd^: tieu hoa ve co ban gidng da day don Tai day tidt khoang 100 lit dich vi trong 24 gid

Phie'u hoc tap so 1 TIM HIEU CO QUAN TIEU HOA cClA OONG V A T AN THl/C VAT

OV nhai lai DV CO da day ddn OV an hat

Phie'u hoc tap so 2

TIEU HOA d CAC NHOM B 6 N G VAT

Bien ddi sinh hpc

Bien ddi hoa hpc

Dpng vat nhai lai DV cd da day Chim i n hat va gia cam

III HOAT DONG DAY - HOC

Hoqt dpng 1: Tim hidu cof quan tieu hoa d dpng vat an thuc vat

Muc tieu: HS neu dugc dac diem cau tao co quan tieu hoa phia hgp vdi che' dp an

cua nhdm dpng vat

Hoqt dpng cua GV

- GV treo ttanh he tieu hoa

cua bd, tho va chim

- GV yeu c^u:

+ Quan sat tranh hinh chu y

d CO quan nhu mipng, da

day, rupt

+ Hoan thanh cac ndi dung

trong phieu hpc tap sd 1

- GV cd thd ehieii phieu

hpc tap cua mdt sd nhdm dd

ldp ciing thao luan

- GV nhan xet danh gia

- Dai dipn nhom trinh bay

dap an -^ ldp nhan xet

-> Cac nhdm theo ddi va sira chiia

ciia va rang nanh

- Chi cd rang ham vdi

- Nho, chi c6 1 ngSn gdm 2 phan: thugng vj

Dong vat an hat (chim)

- Khdng co rang

- Chi cd mo bpc sCmg demo thiic an

- Ludi hoa si^g

- G d m 2 ph^n:

+ Da day tuyen tiet

159

la ndi tieu hoa xeluldzo

- Rupt thing:trii phan, hap thu lai nUdc trong phan

- Rupt gia khdng phan hoa thanh rupt thing khdng c6 noi trCfphan

Hoqt dpng cua GV

~ GV neu eau hoi thao

luan:

+ Tai sao he tieu hoa cua

nhdm dpng vat an thuc vat

cd da day to khoe va rudt

dai?

+ Ca'u tao he tieu hoa cua

nhom dpng vat an thuc vat

khac ddng vat an thit d

didm nao? Didu dd co y

nghia nhu th^ nao?

- GV yeu c^u HS khai quat

kie'n thiic vd dac didm thiic

an cua nhdm dpng vM an

thuc vat

Hoqt ddng cua HS

- HS thao luan nhdm dua

vao kie'n thiic trong phieii hpc tap va kieh thdc d cac ldp dudi

Npi dung

* Ddc diem thiic dn thUc vat

- Thanh ph^n chu ydu la

xenluldzo, dam, lipit, cac thanh ph^n khac ra't it

- Lugng thdc an phai nhieu mdi du cung cap cac chat cho CO thd

Hoqt dpng 2: Tim hidu ti^u ho^ of dpng vAt an thuc v$t

Muc tieu:

- HS nam dugc qua trinh tieu hoa d cac nhdm dpng vat an thuc vat

- Trinh bay dugc bie'n ddi thiic an thuc vat d cac nhdm dpng vat nay trong dd luu y tdi bie'n ddi sinh hpc

Hoqt dpng cua GV

- GV yeu clu cac nhdm

lap bang so sanh bien ddi

CO hpc d mieng, da day cua

cac nhom dpng vat an thuc

v4t

- GV dd cac nhdm trao

ddi, nhan xet

- GV danh gia k^t qua va

thong bao dap an diing

Hoqt dpng cua HS

- Ca nhan nghien cuu tranh

hinh va van dung kien thiic sinh hoc d cac ldp dudi phat hipn kie'n thiic

- Thao luan nhdm thdng nh^t y kie'n

- Yeu cin neu dugc:

+ Dac didm nhai lai va khSng nhai lai:

+ Nghidn thiic an d da day

va khong nghidn thiic an

- Dai dien nhdm viet dap an dudi dang bang so sanh len bang dd ldp nhan xet

- Cae nhdm tu sira chiia

Npi dung

Mieng

Da day

6 dpng vat nhai lai

- Dung ludi giat co, khdng

nhai hoSc nhai qua loa,

nudt vao da co

- 0 len nhai iai, thiTc dugc

nhai kTva nho

- Nhao trpn, ngam djch

Dpng vat co da day ddn

- Th&c an dugc nhai

kT 1 lan

- Thdc an duoc nghien, nhao trpn

nga'm deu dich ti6u hoa

Ga va cac toai chim

an hat

- Thijfc an dUOc

md, khdng nhai va nudt ngay

- Nghien nat thCfc

an

- Thdc an duoc ngam deu djch

Hoqt dpng cua GV Hoqt ddng cua HS Npi dung

- GV nen dd cae nhdm

trao ddi va ldp thao luan

chung dd tra Idi

- GV nhan xet danh gid va

bd sung kieh thiic

+ Ci be nghe, sQa dugc

- HS cd thd hdi + Trau bd nhai lai cd dugc chiia trong da cd, nhung con

be va con nghe chi bii sife

me, vay sGa ed dugc dua xudng da cd hay khdng?

+ Tai sao thd an thuc vat nhung da day chi cd 1 ngan?

+ Trong da day cua ga (md),

cd mdt sd vien soi nhd, nhung vi sao khi da day co bdp vien sdi dd khdng bi nghidn vd nhu hat ngd, hat dd ?

- HS cd the ehi tra Idi dugc mpt sd y nhu:

+ Be, nghe blS siia me chac

se khdng g len dd nhai lai nen sira se kh6ng dugc dua xud'ng da cd

+ Tho nhai thlie an mpt \in

nfin da day khdng c ^ cd 4 ngan

+ C^c vien sdi ra't cling chi giiip them cho vipc nghidn nat thiic an

chay thang qua da la sach

vao da mui kh^ ma khong

roi vao da cd la nhd ranh

thuc quan bat diu tir

thugng vi va cham diit d 16

thdng td ong - la sach,

ranh nay cd hinh Idng

mang

+ Tho la thii chay nhanh,

rang luPn mgc dai ra, thd

thudng nhai kt thiic an d

mieng rdi dua xudng da

day dd tiep tuc tieu hoa

+ Trong da day ga ed mpt

sd vien soi nhd la do ga tu

md dd nudt vao Thiic an

ciia ga va chim cung, lai

khdng dugc nhai d mipng,

nen chinh cdc vien sdi nay

da gdp phin lam v0 cac hat

thlie an ciing Uong da day

Cac vien sdi nhd khSng bi

nghidn vd vi nd ciing, hon

niJa thiic an cua ga da dugc

ngShi dich d didu eho mdm

trudc khi dugc dua xudng

da day

- GV yeu cin HS

+ Quan sat tranh he tieu

hoa cua bd, thd, chim

+ Hoan thanh cac npi dung

trong phi^u hgc tap sd 2

"Tieu hoa d eac nhom

ddng vat"

- Ca nhan nghien ciiu tranh

hinh, thdng tin SGK —> ghi

nhd kie'n thdc

- Trao ddi trong nhom thdng nha't y kien Ghi phieu hpc tap

•Bie'n dd'i hod hoc vd bie'n ddi sinh hoc

163

- GV chieu mpt vai phieu

hgc tap cua nhdm, ldp

nhan xet

- GV danh gia hoat ddng

nhom

- GV giang giai bd sung

kien thlie d muc thong tin

- GV thong bao dap an

diing

- Dai dipn nhdm uinh bay dap an phi^u hoc tap, ldp gdp y, bd sung

- Cac nhdm tu sira chiia

Dap an phieu hpc tap sd 2

DAP AN PHIEU HOC TAP SO 2

Bidn ddi hoa hpc

Bien ddi sinh hpc

Dpng vat nhai lai (Bo de )

- Di§n ra tai da cd

Xeniulozcf (enzim & vi sinh vat) -> tdng hgp thanh prdtein, lipit cung cap cho vat chO

+ Vi sinh vat pha mang xenluldzo

nghien nat thdc an

de thu'c an ngam deu dicR tieu hoa

+ Enzim cua vi sinh vat phan giai va tdng hgp cac chat (dSc biet san pham NH3, vl sinh vat dung de tdng hop prdtein cho chung)

- Dien ra d da mOi khe

- Trong djch vj cCia

da mui khe co cac enzim bien ddi hoa hoc nhu da day don

Dpng vat co da day ddn (Tho, ngua )

- Diin ra tai manh trang

Xenluldzo (enzim & vi sinh vat)

Chim an hat va gia

d m Don gian

'

- Diin ra tai da day tuyen va rudt

- Thifc an dupe bien ddi nhd cac enzim trong cac djch cjja cac luyen tieu hoa

+ Su bie'n ddi sinh hpc

khac vdi bi^n ddi hoa hpc

d dac didm nao?

+ Giai thich cau ndi "I6i

thai nhu ca trOi Idi rudt"

+ Tai sao nhung loai ca an

thuc vat rupt thudng dai?

* Cling cd: Che dp an da

anh hudng tdi dn tao co

quan tieu hoa d cac nhdm

dpng vat Bien ddi sinh hpc

d dpng vat an thuc vat la

ra't quan trong

Hoqt dpng cua HS

- HS thao luan nhdm sir

dung kieh thiic d phie'u hgc tap va kie'n thiic thuc te dd

ua Idi

- Yeu c^u neu dugc:

+ Bien ddi sinh hgc la bieh ddi nhd hoat dpng cua cac

vi sinh vat

+ Bie'n ddi sinh hpc thi enzim do vl sinh vat tiet ra

dd tieu hoa xenlulOzo

+ Ca trdi an thuc vat nen rupt rat dai, khi md rupt sd

ra mpt md, khac vdi ca an tap

+ Thiic an, thue vat ngheo dinh dudng va khd tieu nen thdi gian tieu hoa dai

Ndi dung

* Ke't luan chung: HS dpc

kit luan SGK trang 65

IV KlilVJTRADANHGIA

- GV yeu ciu HS tra Idi cau hdi

+ Su khac nhau ca ban trong tieu hoa thiic an ciia dpng vat an thuc vat so vdi dpng vat an thit va an tap la gi?

+ Tai sao trau bd chi an cd nhung van phat trien binh thudng?

V DAN DO

- Hpc bai tra Idi cau hdi SGK trang 65

- 6n tap vd hoat dpng hd ha'p d cac nhdm dpng vat

165

- Hoat dpng ca nhan, hoat dpng nhdm

II THIET B! DAY-HOC

- Tranh hinh SGK phdng to

- Tranh trung khu didu hoa hd h^p (Tham khdo sdch sinh li dpng vat vd ngudi

trang 182)

- Tranh so dd didu hoa hd ha'p (Sdch sinh li ddng vat vd ngudi trang 183)

- Thdng tin bd sung:

+ Qua trinh tie'n hoa d dpng vat cd su lien quan de'n tieh hoa cita he ho hap, su

tie'n hoa nay giup eho dpng vat cd dieu kien l^y dugc khi oxi tit mdi trudng

sdng va thai khi cacbonic t^ co the ra ben ngoai ngay cang hoan thien, thieh nghi ngay cang cao va cd hieu qua Su tie'n hoa cua he hd hap dugc thd hien qua cac hinh thdc hd ha'p til dcfn gian ddn phu:c tap, tii chua cd co quan chuyen hoa de'n cd co quan chuyen hoa

+ Trong the' gidi dpng vat da cd cdc hinh thiic ho ha'p khac nhau

* Hd ha'p bang khue'ch tan qua mang te' bao: su khue'ch tan nay die'n ra lien

tuc cho tdi khi ndng dp trong te bao cua co the can bang vdi ndng dp ngoai

moi trudng Nhung do ca thd ludn phai tidu thu dxi n6n su can bang da khdng bao gid dat de'n dugc va vi the' su hd hap la lien tuc xay ra Trong qua trinh tie'n hoa, dpng vat ngay cang cd kich thudc Idn Idn Tuy nhien do

be mat hd hSip chi tang theo ca'p sd 2, trong khi dd khdi lugng ca thd lai

tang theo ca'p sd 3, nen dd tang bd mat hd ha'p ddi hdi phai cd cac hinh thiic

hd hap khac thicii nghi hon

* Hd hap qua be mat ca the: d mpt sd dpng vat da bao cd da mong sdng trong mdi trudng ludn ^m udt, hoat dpng hd ha'p dugc thuc hipn hoan toan qua bd mat cua da

Trong qua trinh tidn hoa, tat ea cac dpng vat phat tridn ban vd sau kd ca eon ngudi, mac dii da cd nhiing co quan hd ha'p rieng bipt nhung vln khong ma't

di kha nang hd ha'p bang da (triT riia, cua ) O ngudi toan bd be mat ca thd ddu cd kha nang tham gia vao qua trinh hd hStp, trong dd da 6 lung, nguc, bung la hd h^p ra't manh vdi cudng dp Idn hon phdi r^t nhieu Tren ciing mpt don vi dipn tich, da h^p thu khi dxi han phdi tdi 28%, thai khi cacbonic ban phdi tdi 54% Tuy nhien do tdng dien tich ciia da ngudi chi bang 2m^' trong khi dd tdng dien tich cua 700 tripu phe' nang trong phdi len tdi 90 - lOOm^ (ga'p 45- 50 Idn da) do vay su ho ha'p qua da la ra't nhd so vdi phdi

* Da sd cac sau bg d can, trong qua trinh tieh hoa chting di cu xudng nudc, khi do khi quan chiia trong mpt bao kin cd 16 thdng vdi mat nudc vi du nhu con cung quang Vi vay dd tieu dipt bp gay chdng sdt ret cd thd^ dd mpt ldp

diu mong len trdn mat nudc nai chiing cu trii

Phieu hoc tap so 1 TIM HIEU HO HAP 6 CAC DONG VAT NUdC

Co quan thiic hien

Cuf dpng ho hap

Hoat dpng trao ddi

khi

Trao doi khi cua dong vat d nUdc

Phieu hoc tap so 2 TIM HIEU HO HAP 6 DONG VAT CAN

Co quan thUc hien

CCr ddng ho hap

Hoat dpng trao ddi

khf

Trao doi khi 6 sau

bo Trao doi khi d chim

Trao doi khi d dpng vat can

167