Thiết kế bài giảng hóa học 12 nâng cao (tập 2) phần 2

GV yeu ciu HS neu kit luan vl tinh chit chung ciia hgp chat cromll HS thao luan cho ket qua - Mudi eromIl cd tinh khir manh 2CrCl2 +CI2 ^ 2 C r C l 3 - Mudi cromll cd tinh chat chung cii

ChiTCng 7 CROM - SAT - DONG

Bai 38 CROM

A MUC TIEU BAI HOC

1 Ki§n thii'c

HS biit:

• Vi tri cua crom trong bang tuan hoan, eau hinh electron nguyen tir

• Tinh chat vat li va tinh chat boa hgc cua crom

HS hiiu:

• Tai sao eau hinh eiia crom d trang thai ca ban cd 6 electron ddc than

• Phuang phap san xuat crom

2 KT nang

• Viet phuang trinh boa bieu dien tinh chat boa bgc ciia crom va hgp chat crom

• Giai bai tap ve crom

3 Tinh cam, thai do

Crom la kim loai HS chi biet qua hgp chat K2Cr207, viec nghien ciiu ve crom tao himg thu kham pha kien thire mdi

B C H U A N B! C U A GV vA HS

• GV: - Bang tuan hoan cac nguyen td hoa hgc

- Dung eu: Chen sir, dng nghiem, gia thi nghiem, den cdn

• HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc

C TI^N TRJNH DAY - HOC

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS

Hogt dpng I

I VI TRI VA C A U TAO

1 Vi tri cua crom trong bang tuan hoan

GV chieu len man hinh bang tuin hoan

yeu cau HS

- Xac dinh sd thir tu eiia crom

- Xac dinh vi tri eiia crom trong bang

- Viet cau hinh electron nguyen tir

- Phan bd eac electron va cae d lugng

tir

- Nhan xet ve sd ldp e va so e ddc than

- Tir sir phan bd e du doan sd oxi hoa

cd the ed eiia crom

GV luu y HS: Trong hgp chat crom cd

sd oxi hoa tir +1 din +6 nhung sd oxi

hoa ben thudng gap la +2, +3, +6

HS nghe giang va ghi bai

- c i u hinh ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^4s' Cau hinh crom cd sir nhay 1 electron tir phan ldp 4s sang phan ldp 3d dl ed ciu hinh ban bao hoa ben

II TINH CHAT VAT LI

GV eho HS nghien ciiu SGK va yeu

ciu HS neu tinh chit vat li cua crom

HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS

Crom la kim loai cd mau tring anh bac, khdi

3

lugng rieng ldn d = 7,2 g/cm , khd ndng chay t°j.= 1890 C, crom la kim loai cirng nhat

Hogt dpng 3

III TINH CHAT HOA HOC

1 Tac dung voi phi kim

GV thdng bao: Crom ed tinh khir

manh

Cr ^ Cr^" + 2e

Cr -^ Cr^" + 3e

Crom tac dung vdi oxi, clo, lim huynh

tao ra crom (III) yeu cau HS viet eac

phan img hoa hgc tren

GV luu y: 0 nhiet do thudng crom cd

ldp oxit ben bao ve (gidng nhdm) nen

khdng tac dung vdi oxi, d nhiet do cao

tac dung dugc nhieu phi kim

HS viet cae phan iing hoa bgc

4Cr + 3O2 — ^ 2Cr203 2Cr + 3CI2 ^ ^ 2CrCl3 2Cr + 3S ^ ^ Cr2S3

2 Tac dung voi nude

GV cho HS nghien cim SGK va yeu

cau HS giai thich tai sao crom la kim

loai boat ddng nhung trong thuc te lai

khdng tac dung vdi nude

HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet Tuy la kim loai boat ddng manh nhung

do cd ldp mang oxit ben bao ve (gidng nhdm) Nen trong thu te crom khdng tac dung vdi nude

3 Tac dung voi axit

GV gidi thieu:

- Crom tan tdt trong dung dich HCl,

H2SO4 loang tao ra mudi crom (II) va

hidro

HS nghe giang va viet phan img hoa hgc

Hogt dpng cda GV

- Crom khdng tan trong HNO3,

H2SO4 dac ngudi do ed ldp oxit bin

bao ve (bi thu ddng hoa gidng Al, Fe)

Yeu cau HS viet phan irng cua crom

vdi dung dich HCl, H2SO4 loang

Hogt dpng cua HS

Cr + 2HC1 > CrCl2 + H2

Cr + H2SO4 > CrS04 + H2

Hogt dpng 4

IV iTNG DUNG

GV chieu len man hinh tranh anh

mieu ta eac img dung ciia crom Yeu

cau HS nen eac img dung ciia crom

HS quan sat va nhan xet Crom ed nhieu img dung trong kT thuat:

- Che tao thep dac biet

- Dimg de ma bao ve kim loai va tao ve dep cho dd vat

Hogt dpng 5

V SAN XUAT

GV cho HS nghien ciru SGK yeu cau

HS neu phuang phap dieu che crom

HS nghien eiiu SGK va nhan xet Trong tu nhien crom tdn tai d dang hgp chat, quang chii yeu ciia crdm la crdmit: FeO.Cr203

Phuang phap dieu che chii yeu: Tach Cr203 ra khdi quang, rdi dimg phuang phap nhiet nhdm

Cr203 + 2 Al — ^ 2Cr + AI2O3

Hogt dpng 6

CUNG CO BAI VA BAI TAP VE NHA

GV chilu cac bai tap sau len man

hinh cho HS thao luan cimg cd ndi

dung bai hgc:

HS quan sat theo luan cho ket qua

Hogt dpng cua GV

Bai L Cation kim loai M " cd ciu

hinh electron eiia phan ldp ngoai ciing

la 3d" Vay cau hinh electron eiia M la

Cau nao bieu dien dung vai trd eiia

eac chat tham gia

A Zn la chat oxi hoa, Cr la chat khir

B Zn" la chat khir, Cr " la chit oxi boa

C Cr la chat oxi hoa, Zn la chit khir

D Cr" la chat khir, Zn la chat oxi hoa

Bai 3 Cho 13,5 gam hon hgp eac kim

loai Al, Cr, Fe tac dung vdi lugng du

dung dich H2SO4 bang ndng (trong dilu

kien khdng ed khdng khi), thu dugc

dung dich X va 7,84 lit khi H2 (d dktc)

Cd can dung dich X (trong dilu kien

khdng cd khdng khi) dugc m gam muoi

khan Gia tri cua m la

D HU'ONG D A N G I A I B A I TAP TRONG SGK

1 a) Vi tri ciia crom trong bang he thdng tuin hoan: thudc chu ki 4, nhdm VI B b) c i u hinh electron nguyen tir: ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^4s'

c) Kha nang tao thanh cae trang thai oxi boa khac nhau cua crom: Do cd nhieu electron ddc than d cae obitan 3d va 4s nen trong cac hgp chit crom ed

sd oxi hoa biln ddi tir +1 din +6, Trong dd phd biln nhit la eac sd oxi boa +2, +3, +6

2 So sanh tinh chat boa hgc ciia nhdm va crom:

a) Gidng nhau:

- Phan ling vdi phi kim

- Phan ling vdi axit HC1,H2S04 loang

- Ben trong khdng khi va khdng phan iing vdi nude

- Bi thu ddng hoa trong axit H2SO4 va HNO3 dac, ngudi

Khdc nhau:

- Nhdm ehi ed 1 trang thai oxi boa la +3 cdn crom cd nhilu trang thai oxi

hoa: khi phan ung vdi axit, nhdm cho hgp chit nhdm(III) cdn crom eho hgp chat erom(II)

- Nhdm cd tinh khir manh ban nen nhdm khii dugc crom (III) oxit

3 a) Chgn B: He sd eiia crom trong phan ii-ng la 2

b) Chgn C: Suat dien ddng chuin cua pin dien hoa la 0,60V '

4 Phuong trinh hoa hgc cua phan img nhiet nhdm

Cr203 + 2AI -^ 2Cr + AI2O3

< - ' 78 Lugng crom can dieu cbl: — = 1,5 (mol)

52 ^ Theo phuong trinh hoa hgc, lugng nhdm cin dimg la: 1,5 mol

Vay khdi lugng nhdm cin diing la: 1,5.27 = 40,5 (gam)

20

5 Lugng crom trong 100 g hgp kim la: — = 0,385 (mol)

80 Lugng niken trong 100 g hgp kim la: — = 1,356 (mol)

Vay lugng niken ung vdi 1 mol crom trong hgp kim nay la:

- i ^ ^ = 3,522 (mol) 0,385

Bai 39 MOT SO HOP CHAT CUA CROM

A MUC TIEU BAI HOC

1 Ki§n thu'c

HS biit:

• Tinh chat hoa hgc dac trung ciia cac hgp chat crom(II), crom(III), crom (VI)

• Ung dung ciia mdt sd hgp chat ciia crom

HS hieu: Nguyen nhan gay ra tinh oxi hoa manh cua hgp chat crom (VI)

• GV: - Bang tuan hoan eac nguyen td hoa hgc

- Hoa chat: Zn, tinh the K2Cr207, dung dich CrCl3, dung dich HCl, dung dich NaOH, tinh thi (NH4)2Cr207

- Dung eu: Chen sir, dng nghiem, gia thi nghiem, den cdn

• HS; Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc

C T | £ N TRiNH DAY - HOC

Hogt dpng ciia GV Hogt dpng cua HS

Hogt dpng 1

I HOP CHAT CUA CROM

1 Crom(II) oxit, CrO

GV gidi thieu: Hgp chat Cr(ll) ed sd

oxi hoa +2 nen ed tinh khir, de bi oxi

hoa len sd oxi hoa +3

GV cho HS nghien ciru SGK va yeu

cau HS neu tinh chat hoa hgc ciia

CrO

HS nghe GV gidi thieu

HS nghien ciru SGK thao luan va nhan xet

- Crom (11) oxit la oxit baza, ed tinh khu

Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng ciia HS

CrO +2HC1 4CrO +O2 -

2 Crom(II) hidroxit, Cr(OH)2

-> CrCl2 + H2O

^ 2Cr203

GV cho HS nghien ciru SGK yeu eau

HS neu: ^

- Tinh chat vat li eiia Cr(0H)2

- Tinh chat hoa hgc cua Cr(0H)2

- Phuang phap dieu che cua

Cr(0H)2

HS nghien ciru SGK va nhan xet

- Crom (II) hidroxit nguyen chat la chat ran, mau vang, khdng tan trong nude

- Cr(0H)2 cd tinh khir de bi oxi khdng khi oxi hoa theo phan img, de phan huy bdi nhiet

4Cr(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O > 4Cr(OH)3 *

GV yeu cau HS du doan tinh chat

ciia hgp chat mudi erom(ll)

GV yeu ciu HS neu kit luan vl tinh

chit chung ciia hgp chat crom(ll)

HS thao luan cho ket qua

- Mudi erom(Il) cd tinh khir manh 2CrCl2 +CI2 ^ 2 C r C l 3

- Mudi crom(ll) cd tinh chat chung ciia mudi

CrCl2 + 2NaOH -^ Cr(0H)2^ +2NaCl

CrS04 + BaCl2 -4- CrC^ + BaS04 i

- Ket luan: Hop chdi crom(n) cd linh khic

manh

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS

Hogt dpng 2

II HOP CHAT CROM(III)

1 Crom(III) oxit, CYIOJ,

GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK va yeu

eau HS neu

- Neu tinh chat vat li ciia Cr203

- Viet eac phan img chimg minh

Cr203 la hgp chat luang tinh

GV gidi thieu:

- Cr(0H)3 la chat ran ma luc xam,

khdng tan trong nude

- Cr(0H)3 cd tinh chat tuong tu

A1(0H)3 yeu cau HS viet cac phan

img minh hoa eho tinh chat eiia

Cr(0H)3 va phan img dieu che

Cr(0H)3

HS nghien cim SGK thao luan va nhan xet

- Crom (III) oxit la chat ran mau luc tham, khdng tan trong nude

- Cac phan img chiing minh Cr203 ludng tinh

Cr203 + 6HC1 > 2CrCl3 + 3H2O

Cr203 +2NaOHdac + 3H2O >

2Na[Cr(OH)4]

2 Crom(III) hidroxit, Cr(OH)3

HS vilt phuang trinh boa hgc

- Phan ling phan buy Cr(0H)3 ^ ^ Cr203 + H2O

- Tac dung vdi axit Cr(0H)3 + 3HCI - -> CrCl3 + 3H2O

- Tac dung vdi kiem Cr(0H)3.+ NaOH >Na[Cr(0H)4]

- Dieu che CrCl3 + N a O H ^ ^ Cr(0H)3 + 3NaCl

3 Muoi crom (III)

GV lam thi nghiem: cho mdt it bdt

Zn va dung dich CrC^ lac kT Sau

HS quan sat thi nghiem va nhan xet

- Viet phuong trinh boa bgc dang

phan tir va dang ion

GV luu y HS: Tuy Zn dimg trudc Cr

trong day boat ddng hoa hgc nhung

3+ 2+

Zn chi khir dugc Cr thanh Cr

GV gidi thieu: Mudi NaCr02 bi

brom oxi hoa trong mdi trudng kiem

tao thanh mudi Na2Cr04 yeu eau HS

viet phuong trinh hoa hgc

- Tinh chat vat li ciia Cr03

- Tinh chit hoa hgc ciia Cr03, viet

phuang trinh hoa hgc minh hoa

GV bo sung: Cac axit cua crom ehi

tdn tai trong dung dich, khdng tach

dugc d trang thai tir do

HS nghien eiiu SGK va nhan xet

- Cr03 la chit ran mau dd tham

- Cr03 la oxit axh

H2O + Cr03 > H2Cr04

Axit cromic H2O + 2Cr03 — > H2Cr207

Axit dieromic

Hocit dpng ciia GV Hogt dpng cda HS

2 Muoi cromat va dicromat

GV cho HS quan sat mau tinh the

K2Cr04, K2Cr207 hay (NH4)2Cr207

sau dd hoa tan vao nude Yeu eau HS

neu tinh chat vat li ciia mudi Cr(VI)

GV gidi thieu: Mudi Cr(VI) cd tinh

oxi hoa manh, dac biet trong mdi

trudng axit mudi Cr (VI) bi khir

thanh mudi Cr (111) Yeu cau HS

hoan thanh cae sa dd phan img sau

GV lam thi nghiem:

- Cho 1 it dung dich K2Cr04 dng

nghiem sau do them vao 1 it dung

dich HCl va lac nhe

HS quan sat va nhan xet

- Mudi dicromat cd mau da cam

- Mudi cromat cd mau vang chanh

- Mudi Cr(Vl) tan tdt trong nude

HS thao luan eho ket qua (Budc 1 viet cac chat san pham, budc 2 can bang oxi hoa khir)

K2Cr207 + 6FeS04 +7H2SO4 > Cr2(S04)3 +3Fe2(S04)3+ K2SO4 + 7H2O K2Cr207 + 14HC1 > 2CrCl3 + SCb

+ 2KCI + 7H2O K2Cr207 + 3H2S + 4H2SO4 >

Hogt dpng cua GV

- Cho 1 it dung dich K2Cr207 ong

nghiem sau do them vao 1 it dung

djch NaOH va lac nhe

Yeu eau HS quan sat, neu hien

tugng giai thich, viet phuang trinh

hoa hgc xay ra

GV hudng dan HS giai thich va viet

phirang trinh hoa hgc

Ho

Hogt dpng ciiu HS

Khi cho dung dich HCl vao dung dich K2Cr04 thi dung dich da cam chuyen sang mau vang (mau nhat han)

- Gidi thich: trong mdi trudng axit thi

mudi cromat chuyen thanh mudi dicromat

va ngugc lai trong mdi trudng baza thi mudi dicromat chuyen thanh mudi cromat (tdn tai 1 can bang giua 2 mudi trong dung dich)

- Phuang trinh hoa hgc

- Cr203, Cr(0H)3 cd tinh chat eiia

hgp chat ludng tinh

- Cr03, H2Cr04, H2Cr07 cd tinh

chat ciia oxit axit va axit

GV chieu cac bai tap sau len man

-hinh cho HS thao luan cimg cd ndi

dung bai hgc:

Bai 1 Nung hon hgp bdt gdm 15,2

gam Cr203 va m gam Al d nliiet do

cao Sau khi phan img hoan toan, thu

dugc 23.3 gam hon hgp ran X Cho

toan bd hon hgp X phan img vdi axit

HS quan sat theo luan cho ket qua

Bai 1 Chgn dap an C

-Hogt dpng cda GV

HCl (du) thoat ra V lit khi H2 (d dktc)

Gia tri ciia V la

Bai 3 De oxi hoa hoan toan 0,01 mol

CrCb thanh K2Cr04 bing Cb khi ed

mat KOH, lugng tdi thilu Cb va KOH

> Cr2(S04)3 + K2SO4 + 7H2O + 3Fe2(S04)

Trong eac phan img tren, K2Cr207 la chit oxi hoa, cdn H2S, HCl, FeS04 la chit khir, H2SO4, HCl la mdi trudng

a) K2Cr207 + 3H2S + 4H2SO4

-b) K2Cr207+14HCl ^ 2CrCb

c) K2Cr207 + 6FeS04 + 7H2SO4

Phan ling tren la phan iing oxi boa - khir ndi phan tir

Phuong trinh hoa hgc:

(NH4)2 Cr207 -> N2 + Cr203 + 4H2O Phuong trinh hoa hgc dang phan tir:

K2Cr207 + 3Na2S + 7H2SO4 _^ Cr2(S04)3 + K2SO4 + 3 Na2S04 +7H2O + 3S Phuang trinh boa hgc dang ion:

Cr^O^ + 3 S ' - + 1 4 H " ^ 2 C r ' " + 3 S + 7H20 a) Phuang trinh hoa hgc:

2CrCl3 + 3Cb +16NaOH -^ 2Na2Cr04 + 12NaCl + 8H2O CrCb la chat khir vi sd oxi hoa ciia crom trong hgp chit nay tang tir +3 len +6 trong hgp chat Na2Cr04

Cb la chat oxi hoa vi sd oxi boa ciia clo giam tir 0 din - L

b) Phuang trinh boa hgc:

2CrCl3 + Zn ^ 2CrCl2 + ZnCl CrCb la chat oxi hoa, Zn la chit khir

c) Mudi Cr(III) ed tinh oxi hoa va tinh khii

Bai 40 SAT

A.MUCTIEUBAI HOC

1 Kiln thirc

HSbiit:

• Vi tri cua sit trong bang tuan hoan va eau hinh electron nguyen tir

• Tinh chit vat li, tinh chat hoa bgc va trang thai tu nhien cua sat

• s i t la kim loai boat ddng trung binh, cd nhieu sd oxi hoa

HS hiiu:

Tai sao sit ed nhilu boa tri? Khi nao thi tao ra sit (II), khi nao tao Fe(III)

2 KT nang

• Ren lu\en kT nang; Tir vi tri eiia kim loai suy ra ciu tao va tinh chat

• KT nang giai bai tap ve sat kim loai

3 Tinh cam, thai do

Sir da dang tinh chat ciia sat lam phong phu tinh chit boa hgc eiia kim loai tao hirng thii cho HS khi nghien cim ve linh chat cua sit

B C H U A N B! C U A GV VA HS

• GV: - May tinh, may chieu

- Hoa chat: Dung dich CuCb, dung dich FeCl3, Fe

- Dung CLi: Ong nghiem, cap dng nghiem gia dng nghiem

• HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc

C.TIEN TRiNH D A Y - H O C

Hogt dung ciia GV Hogt dpng cua HS

Hogt dpng 1

I VI TRI VA CAU TAO

1 Vj tri ciia sat trong bang tuan hoan

GV yeu eau HS chieu bang tuan hoan

len man hinh cho HS quan sat yeu cau

lis neu \i tri ciia sat trong bang tuan

hoan

HS thao luan cho ket qiia

- Fe d chu ky 4 nhdm VIIIB (phan nhdm phu)

- Sat thudc nhdm nguyen td d

2 Cau tao ciia sat

GV: Tir sd thir tu cua sat la 26 yeu cau

HS

- Viet cau hinh electron

- Phan bd cac electron vao obitan

HS thao luan va nhan xet:

- Cau hinh 26Fe: ls"2s~2p 3s 3p 3d 4s"

Hogt dpng ciia GV Hogt dpng cua HS

- Du doan kha nang nhudng electron

ciia nguyen tir sat va kit luan tinh chit

ciia sat

GV cho HS nghien cim SGK va yeu

cau HS neu mdt sd dai lugng eiia

nguyen tii' sat

GV chieu len man hinh hai dang cau tao

tinh the sat eho HS quan sat

Sat dang a kieu lap phuong tam khdi

Sat dang y kieu lap phuong tam dien

- Tir cau hinh tren => Fe cd cac kha nang nhudng electron:

Fe -> Fe" + 2e (3d )

Fe Fe^" + 3e (3d') Khi tham gia phan img hoa hoc nguyen tir sat nhudng 2 electron d phan ldp 4s, khi tac dung vdi chat oxi hoa manh thi sat nhudng them 1 electron d phan ldp 3d tao ra cac ion Fe" , Fe

- Cac dai lugng ciia nguyen tir sat:

+ Ban kinh nguyen tir: 0,162nm + Do am dien: 1,83

+ The dien cue chuan E" „ , = -0,44V ,

E", , =+0.77V

Fe

'Fe-+ Ban kinh ion Fe" = 0,076nm

Fe^" = 0,064nm

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS

Hogt dpng 2

II TiNH CHAT V A T LI

GV chieu len man hinh cho HS quan

sat mdt mau sat kim loai (hay ed the

eho HS quan sat mdt mau sat kim loai

da cao sach ldp oxit) Yeu cau HS neu

tinh chat vat li ciia Fe

GV bd sung:

- Nhiet do ndng chay ciia sat la 1540 C

- s i t ed tinh nhiem tir (bi nam cham

hilt va cd tir tinh)

- s i t cd khdi lugng rieng ldn la 7,9

gam/cm (la kim loai nang)

HS quan sat va nhan xet

Sdi la kim loai mau trang hai xam, deo,

dai, de ren, nhiet do ndng chay kha cao dan nhiet, dan dien tdt

Hogt dpng 3

III TINH CHAT HOA HOC

1 Tac dung voi phi kim

GV yeu ciu HS xac dinh S la chat oxi

hoa manh hay yeu? Viet phuang trinh

hoa hoe eiia S vdi Fe d nhiet dd cao

GV nhan xet la phi kim hoat ddng

manh d nhiet do cao Khi oxi tac dung

vdi Fe thudng tao ra hdn hgp nhieu

san pham nhu Fe203, Fe304 yeu

cau HS viet cac phuang trinh hoa bgc

a) Tdc dung v&i luu huynh

HS nhan xet: S la phi kim boat ddng trung binh nen phan img vdi Fe tao mudi

sit (II)

Fe -> FeS

b) Tdc dung v&i oxi

HS thao luan viet cac phuong trinh hoa hoe

4Fe + 3 0 2 3Fe + 2O2

-> 2Fe203 -> Fe304

Hogt dpng cua GV

GV gidi thieu clo la chit oxi boa

manh yeu ciu HS du doan san phim

va viet phuong trinh boa hgc

Hogt dpng cua HS

c) Tdc dung v&i clo

Vi clo la chat oxi hoa manh nen tao san pham la mudi sat (III):

0 0

Fe + Ch

+3 - i

->FeCl3

2 Tac dung voi axit

a) V&i dung dich HCl, H2SO4 loang

GV yeu cau HS nhan xet v l tinh oxi

hoa cua dung dich HCl va H2SO4 loang

tir do du doan san pham eiia phan img

vdi sat, viet phuang trinh boa hgc minh

hoa

b) V&i dung dich HNO3 vd H2SO4 dgc

GV yeu eau HS nhan xet ve tinh oxi

hoa cua dung dich HNO3 va H2SO4 dac

tir dd du doan san pham cua phan iing

vdi sat, viet phuang trinh hoa bgc minh

hoa

GV bd sung: Sat gidng nhdm bi thu

ddng hoa (khdng tac dung) vdi

HNO3, H2SO4 dac ngudi nen ed the

dimg thiing sit dl chuyen chd axit dac

ngudi ndi tren

HS thao luan va nhan xet

- Tinh oxi hoa ciia axit HCl va H2S04 loang la do ion H ed tinh oxi boa trung binh Nen san pham eiia phan iing la mudi sat(ll) va khi hidro

- Phuang trinh boa bgc

Fe + HCl -^ FeCb + H2

Fe + H2SO4 loang -^ FeS04 + H2

- Tinh oxi hoa cua axit HNO3 va H2SO4 dac la do nguyen td N , S cd tinh oxi hoa manh Nen san pham cua phan img

la mudi sat(III) va san pham khir cua

N"^ s"^

- Phuong trinh boa bgc 2Fe +6H2S04(d)—^Fe2(S04)3 + 3SO2

+ 6H2O Fe+6HN03(dac)-^l->Fe(N03)3 + 3NO2

+ 3H2O

Fe + 4HNO3 ^ Fe(N03)3 + NO + 2H2O

Hogt dpng ciia GV Hogt dpng cda HS

3 Tac dung voi dung dich muoi

GV la thi nghiem: Cho mdt bdt sat

vao

dung dich CuCln lac kT yeu cau HS:

- Quan sat

- Neu hien tirgng

- Viet phuang trinh hoa hgc minh

hoa

GV luu y HS: Sat tac dung vdi dung

djch mudi tuan theo quy tac a

HS quan sat thi nghiem va eho nhan xet

- Hien tugng: Thay dung dich CuCl2 nhat mau dan

2+

- Giai thich: Do Fe khir Cu thanh Cu

- Phuang trinh hoa hgc

Fe + CuCb -^ FeCb + Cu

Fe + Cu^" -^ Fe^" + Cu

4 Tac dung vdi nude

GV gidi thieu:

- 0 nhiet do thudng sat khdng tac

dung vdi nirdc

- 0 nhiet dp cao t° > 570'^C thi sit

khu hai nude thanh sat(ll) oxit

- 0 nhiet dp cao t^' < 570^'c thi sit

khir hai nude thanh sat tir oxit (Fe304)

Yeu cau HS viet phan img hoa hgc

GV yeu cau HS neu cac ket luan ve

tinh chal hoa hoc ciia sat

HS nghe giang, ghi bai va viet phuang trinh hoa hgc

Fe + H2O '"'"'""^ ) FeO + H 3Fe + 4 H , 0 '"^"°"^ > Fe304 + 4H2

HS thao luan va nhan xet

- Sat la kim loai ed tinh khir trung binh

- Tuy vao ban chat ciia chat phan iing va dieu kien phan img ma sat ed the bi oxi hoa tao thanh Fe" hay Fe

Hogt dpng 4

IV TRANG THAI TU NHIEN

GV cho HS nghien ciru SGK yeu eau

HS nhan xet ve

HS nghien ciru SGK va nhan xet

Hogt dpng cua GV

- Ham lugng sat trong vd qua dit

- Dang tdn tai ciia nguyen td sit

- Neu mdt sd quang quan trgng eiia

Hogt dpng cua HS

sat

GV gidi thieu them: Sit cdn ed trong

mau, trong cac thien thach chira sit tu

+ Quang xederit FeC03 + Quang pirit FeS2

Hogt dpng 5

CUNG CO BAI VA BAI TAP VE N H A

GV chieu eac bai tap sau len man hinh

eho HS thao luan eiing cd ndi dung

bai hgc:

Bai 1 Cation kim loai M cd ciu hinh

electron eiia phan ldp ngoai cimg la

3d Vay cau hinh electron ciia M la

A ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^3d^4sl

B ls^2s^2p^3s-3p^3d^

C ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^4s^3d^

D lsV2p^3s^3p^3d^4s^4p'

Bai 2 Hoa tan 16,8g Fe vao dung dich

HNO3 thu dugc 4,48 lit khi NO duy

HS quan sat theo luan eho ket qua

Bai 1 Chgn dap an A

Bai 2 Chgn dap an C

Hogt dpng cua GV

nhat Cd can dung dich thu dugc sd

gam mudi khan la

A 48,4g B 72,6g

C 54,0g D 36,0g

Bai 3 Hoa tan bet 0,5g hon hgp Fe va

kim loai M (boa tri 11) vao dung dich

H2SO4 loang thu dugc 1,12 lit khi

(dktc) Kim loai M la

A Zn B Mg

C Be D Ca

Bai 4 Cho hdn hgp Fe va Cu tac dung

vdi dung djch HNO3, phan ung xong

thu dugc dung dich A chi chiia 1 chit

tan Chat tan dd la

Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (SGK)

D HU'ONG D A N G I A I B A I TAP TRONG SGK

2 Khi ddt bdt sat trong binh dung oxi, sau dd dl ngudi rdi cho tilp "vao binh

dung dich HCl, ed the ed cac trudng hgp sau:

Trudng hgp 1: Oxi dii hoac du, sit phan iing hit tao ra oxit Fe304 hoac

Fe203 Cae axit nay tac dung vdi dung dich axit HCl theo phuong trinh hoa

hgc:

Fe203 + 6HCI -^ 2FeCl3 + 3H2O (1)

Fe304 + 8 HCl ^ 2FeCl3 + FeCb +4H2O (2)

Truang hgp 2: Oxi phan iing hit, sit du, tao thanh cac oxit sit Khi cho axit

HCl vao binh xay ra cac phan iing:

Fe (du) + 2HC1 -^ FeCb + H2

Phan img cua oxit sit vdi axit nhu cae phan iing (1) va (2)

Neu axit het, Fe chua phan iing hit se tac dung vdi FeCb

Fe + 2FeCb -> SFeCb

3 Cd the chgn 2 thuoc thir la axit HCl va dung dich kilm NaOH

Cach lam nhu sau:

- Lay vao moi dng nghiem mdt it bdt kim loai da cho

- Nhd vao moi dng nghiem mdt it dung dich axit HCl

0 dng nghiem nao khdng ed hien tugng gi xay ra thi dd la dng nghiem dung

kim loai Ag Phan iing xay ra d cae dng nghiem cdn lai:

2A1 + 6HCI -^ 2AICI3 + 3H21

Fe + 2HCl ^ FeCb + H s t

Mg + 2HC1 -^ MgCb + H2 T Nhd tir tir dung dich kilm vao dng nghiem chiia cae dung dich muoi vira thu

dugc 0 dng nao thiy cd kit tua tao thanh rdi lai tan ra thi dd la dng chiia

mudi nhdm, nhd vay nhan ra kim loai Al:

AlCb + 3NaOH ^ A l ( 0 H ) 3 | + 3 NaCl Al(0H)3 + NaOH ^Na[Al(0H)4] + 2H2O

0 dng nao thiy xuit hien kit tua mau tring xanh, sau do din din boa nau thi

dd la dng chiia dung dich muoi sit, nhd dd nhan ra kim loai Fe

FeCb + 2NaOH ^ Fe(0H)2i + 2 NaCl

4 Fe(0H)2 + O2 + 2H2O ^ 4 Fe(0H)3

0 dng nao thay xuat hien kit tiia mau tring khdng bi biln ddi thi do la dng

nghiem chiia dung dich mudi magie, nhd dd nhan bilt dugc kim loai Mg

MgCb + 2NaOH -^ Mg(0H)2i + 2NaCl

4 Phuong trinh hoa bgc

Mg + CUSO4 -^ MgS04 + Cu (1)

Fe + CUSO4 ^ FeS04 + Cu (2) Theo bai ra, lugng Mg va Fe tuong ung la: 0,01 mol va 0,02 mol

Theo (1) va (2), nlu Mg va Fe phan img hit thi thu dugc 0,03 mol Cu

Khdi lugng kim loai thu dugc sau phan img la: 0,03.64 = 1,92 (g)

Thue te chi thu dugc 1,88 g kim loai Chimg td kim loai da cho khdng phan img het

Mg ed tinh khii- manh ban Fe nen phan img trudc

Lugng Cu sinh ra d (1) la 0,01 mol, tuong img vdi khdi lugng 0,64 gam Khoi lugng Fe du va Cu sinh ra d (2) la: 1,88 - 0,64 = 1,24 (gam)

Dat lugng Fe tham gia (2) la x

Khdi lugng Fe du la: 1,12 - 56x

Khdi lugng Cu sinh ra d (2) la 64x

Ta cd: (1,12-56x) + 64x= 1,24 -> x = 0,015

Lugng CUSO4 trong 250 ml dung dich da phan irng bet:

0,015 + 0,01 =0,025 (mol) Ndng do mol cua dung dich CUSO4 da dung la

0,025 0,25 0,1 (mol/1)

58 a) Luang CUSO4 dem boa tan: = 0,232 (mol) ,

250

0,232

Ndng do mol eiia dung dich dem pha che la: — = 0,464 (mol/l)

b) Cho dan dan mat sat vao dung dich tren den du, ed cac hien tugng:

- Xuat hien kim loai mau do Mau xanh ciia dung dich CUSO4 nhat dan

- Phuang trinh phan tir:

CUSO4 + Fe -^ FeS04 + Cu

- Phuang trinh ion:

Cu^" + Fe -^ Fe^"+Cu

- Ion Cu" la chat oxi boa, Fe la chat khir

Khdi lugng kim loai sau phan img tang:

(64-56).0,232= 1,856 (g)

Bai 41 MOT SO HOP CHAT CUA SAT

A.MUCTIEUBAI HOC

1 Ki§n thiPc

HS biit:

• Tinh chat co ban cua hgp chit sit (II) va hgp chit sit (111)

• Cach dieu ehi Fe(0H)2 va Fe(0H)3

• Biet img dung va phuang phap dilu cbl mdt so hgp chit sit

• Nhan biet cac ion Fe , Fe trong dung dich bing phan iing hoa hgc

HS hiiu:

Nguyen nhan tinh khir, tinh oxi boa eiia cac hgp chit Fe(ll) va tinh oxi boa ciia hgp chit Fe(Ill)

2 KT nang

• Tir cau tao nguyen tir, phan tir va mire oxi hoa suy ra tinh chit

• Giau bai tap ve hgp chat sat

3 Tinh cam, thai do

Hgp chat sat cd nhieu tinh chat mdi la nhu phan iing chuyen tir sit(II) hidroxit thanh sat (III) hidroxit trong khdng khi lam tang sir ham tim hieu eiia HS

B C H U A N B ! CUA GV v A HS

• GV: - Hoa chat: Dinh sat, bdt ddng, dung dich HCl, dung dich FeCb, dung

dich NaOH

- Dung cu: dng nghiem, gia thi nghiem, den cdn

• HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc

C TI^N TRiNH DAY - HOC

I HOP C H A T SAT (II)

Hogt dpng I

1 Tinh chat hoa hoc ciia hop chat sat(II)

a) Hgp chdt sdt(11) cd tinh

khii-GV yeu ciu HS neu eac sd oxi boa

cua sit til- do du doan tinh chat eiia

hgp chat Fe(ll)

HS thao luan cho ket qua

- Sat ed cac sd oxi boa thudng gap la

0,+2,+3

Hogt dpng cda GV

GV yeu eau HS neu:

- Cae hgp chat sat(II) thudng gap

- Lay vi du minh boa cho tinh chat

(tinh khir va tinh oxi boa) cho mdi

loai hgp chat tren

GV nhan manh: Tinh chit dac trung

ciia hgp chat sat(II) la tinh khir giiip

HS luu y

GV ed the bieu dien thi nghiem:

- TNI: Lay 2ml dung dich FeCb sau

dd nhd vao dd vai gigt dung dich

NaOH lac nhe cho HS quan sat su

bien ddi mau eiia ket tua trong 1-2

phut

Yeu cau HS cho biet: Chit vira tao

thanh la chat gi tai sao cd sir chuyen

mau? Viet phuang trinh hoa hgc

Hogt dpng cda HS

- Hgp chit sit(II) cd so oxi boa trung gian

nen ed tinh chit boa bgc dac trung la tinh khir va tinh oxi boa

HS nhan xet: Hgp chit sit (II) thudng gap

la FeO, Fe(0H)2, FeCb, FeS04

- Tinh khic:

4FeO + 02 - ^ ^ 3Fe203

3FeO+10HNO3-^3Fe(NO3)3+NO+5H2O 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O >4Fe(OH)3 (trang xanh) (nau) 2FeCb + C b -^•2FeCb

10FeSO4 + 2KMn04 + 8H2SO4 ^ 5Fe2(S04)3 + 2MnS04 + K2SO4 + 8H2O

- Tinh oxi hod:

FeCb + 2NaOH ^ Fe(0H)2+ 2NaCl

4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O > 4Fe(OH)3

(trang xanh) (nau)

Hogt dpng cua GV

- TN2: Lay 2ml dung dich FeS04

vao dng nghiem, them 3-5 gigt dung

dich H2SO4 sau dd nhd timg gigt

dung dich KMn04 vao dng nghiem

ddng thdi lac nhe

Yeu eau HS giai thich sir mit mau

cua thudc tim Chat tao thanh la gi,

viet phuang trinh boa hgc

b) Oxit vd hidroxit sat(H) cd tinh baza

GV gidi thieu: oxit va hidroxit sat

(II) cd tinh baza Yeu cau HS vilt

cae phan img minh boa cho tinh

chat nay

HS thao luan cho ket qua Fe(0H)2 '^"""^.f""'^ > FeO + H2O FeO + H2SO4-» FeS04 + H2O Fe(0H)2 + 2HC1 -> FeCb + 2H2O

2 Dieu che mot so hop chat sat(II)

GV dat van de: Tir tinh chat cua hgp

chat sat (II) ngudi ta ed the dieu che

cac hgp chat oxit, hidroxit, mudi sat

(II) nhu thi nao?

GV luu y HS: Hgp chit sit(ll) dilu

ehi xong thi sir dung ludn d l lau

HS thao luan giai quyet van de Hgp chat sat (II) cd the dugc dieu che tir

Hogt dpng ciia GV

trong khdng khi se chuyen dan sang

hgp chit sit (111) Vidu:

4FeCl2+4HCl+02 -> 4FeCl3+2H20

Hogt dpng cda HS

•

3 Ung dung cua hop chat sat(II)

GV chieu len man hinh mdt sd img

dung ciia hgp chit sit (11) eho HS

quan sat yeu cau HS neu eac img

dung ca ban eiia hgp chit sit (II)

HS quan sat va nhan xet Mudi sat (II) dugc dimg lam chat diet sau

bg, chat pha son, muc va dung trong kT nghe nhugm vai

II HOfP CHAT SAT (III)

Hogt dpng 2

1 Tinh chat hoa hoc cua hop chat sit(III)

a) Hgp chdt sdt(lll) cd tinh oxi hod

GV yeu eau HS du doan tinh chat boa

hgc ciia hgp chat sat (III)

GV hudng dan HS:

- Sd oxi hoa trong hgp chat sat (III)

se thay ddi nhu the nao trong phan

img hoa hgc viet sa dd trao ddi

electron ciia hgp chat sat +3

- Sir thay ddi sd oxi hoa nhu vay ndi

len tinh chat gi ciia hgp chat sat (III)

GV lam cac thi nghiem eho HS

quan sat:

TN 1: Cho mdt it bdt sat vao dung

dich FeCb lac nhe

HS thao luan eho ket qua

- Sd oxi boa ciia sat (III) la +3 nen se giam trong eac phan iing hoa hgc

Fe + FeCb > FeCb

Hogt dpng ciia GV Hogt dpng cua HS

TN2: cho mdt it bdt ddng vao dung

dich FeCb Iac nhe

Yeu cau HS neu hien tugng, giai

thich va viet phan ung boa hgc minh

hoa

GV nhan xet:

- Thdng qua phan iing tren thiy

mudi sat(III) ed tinh oxi boa manh

- Ngoai ra mudi sat (III) cdn oxi

hoa dugc nhieu chit khir khac nhu:

KI (HI), H2S, Mg, Al yeu ciu HS

viet cac phan iing boa hgc

b) Oxit vd hidroxit sdt(HI) co tinh baza

TN2: Khi eho mdt it bdt ddng vao dung dich FeCb thay bdt ddng tan dan ddng thdi thay dung dich cd mau xanh ciia mudi ddng(II) Do Cu phan iing vdi mudi FeCb tao ra CuCb va FeCb theo phuang trinh

Cu + 2FeCl3 > FeCb + CuCb

HS viet phan iing hoa hgc dudi su hudng dan cua GV

-^2FeCb + 2HCl + b ->2FeCb + 2HCl + S

2HI + 2FeCl3 H2S +2FeCb

Mg + 2FeCl3 > FeCb + MgCb 3Mgdu + 2FeCl3 > 2Fe + 3MgCl2

GV gidi thieu: oxit va hidroxit sit

(III) ed tinh baza Yeu cau HS vilt

cac phan iing minh boa cho tinh

chat nay

HS thao luan cho ket qua 2Fe(OH)3 ^ ^ Fe203 + 3H2O Fe203 + 3H2SO4 -> Fe2(S04)3 + 3H2O

Fe(OH)3 + 3HCI -^ FeCl3+ 3H2O

2 Dieu che mot so h9p chat sat(III)

GV dat van de: Tir tinh chat cua hgp

chat sat (III) ngudi ta cd the dieu

che cac hgp chat oxit, hidroxit, mudi

sit (III) nhu thi nao?

HS thao luan giai quyet van de Hgp chat sat (III) cd the dugc dieu che tir

Hogt dpng ciia GV Hogt dpng cda HS

4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O >-4Fe(OH)3 FeO +4FINO3 -> Fe(N03)3+ NO2 +2H2O

- Hgp chdt sdt (111):

Fe^" + 30H" ^ F e ( 0 H ) 3 Fe203 + H2SO4 -> Fe2(S04)3 + H2O Fe(0H)3 — ^ Fe203 + H2O

3 Ung dung ciia hgp chat sit(III)

GV chieu len man hinh mdt sd iing

dung cua hgp chit sit (III) cho HS

quan sat yeu cau HS neu eac iing

dung ca ban eiia hgp chit sit (III)

HS quan sat va nhan xet Mudi sat (III) dugc dung lam chit xiic tac trong mdt sd phan iing him ca

Sat (III) oxit dugc dung de pha che son chdng gi

Hogt dpng 3

CUNG CO BAI V A BAI TAP VE N H A

GV Phat cae phieu hgc tap sau cho

HS thao luan ciing ed ndi dung bai

hgc

Phieu 1 Dung dich FeS04 lam mit

mau dung dich nao trong cac dung

dich sau:

A Dung dich KMn04/H2S04

B Dung dich K2Cr207/H2S04

C Dung dich Br2

D Ca ba dung dich tren

Phieu 2 Cho lin lugt 23,2 g Fe304

va 5,6 g Fe vao mdt dung dich HCl

0,5M Thi tich dung dich HCl tdi

HS thao luan eho ket qua

Phieu 1 Chgn dap an D

Phieu 2 Chgn dap an B

Phieu 3 Cho dung dich chiia FeCb

va ZnCb tac dung vdi dung dich

NaOH du, sau dd liy kit tua nung

trong khdng khi den khdi lugng

khdng ddi thu dugc chat ran gom:

A Fe203 B FeO

C FeO, ZnO D Fe203, ZnO

Phieu 4 Cho sa dd phan img:

Fe304 + HNO3 ->Fe(N03)3 + NO

+N2O + H2O

Biet ti le sd mol cua NO va N2O la

I: 2 Tdng he sd tdi gian ciia Fe304

va HNO3 trong phuong trinh phan

ling tren sau khi can bang phuang

Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4 (SGK)

D HU'ONG D A N GIAI BAI TAP TRONG SGK

3 Van dung tinh chit boa hgc ciia don chat va cae hgp chat cua sit dl vilt phuang trinh hoa bgc

4 a) Phuang trinh boa hgc dang ion nit ggn:

MnO: +5Fe'" +8H" -> Mn'" +5Fe'" 4H2O

Fe la chat khir, MnO;j la chit oxi boa

b) Theo phuong trinh boa hgc ed 5 mol ion Fe"" phan img vdi 1 mol MnO^ c) Lugng MnO; cd trong 25 em^ dung dich KMn04 0,03M la:

0,03.0,025 = 0.00075 (mol) Lugng Fe tac dung het vdi lugng KMn04 tren la:

0,00075 5 = 0,00375 (mol) d) Ndng do mol cua dung dich thudc tim ban dau la:

0,00375 0,02 = 0,1875 (mol/1)

2+ 3 '

Khdi lugng Fe trong 200cm dung dich dau la:

0,1875.0,2.56 = 2,1 (g) e) Phan tram khdi lugng FeS04 la:

• Thanh phan, tinh chat va iing dung ciia gang, thep

• Nguyen tac va quy trinh san xuat gang, thep

• Biet nguyen lieu va mdt sd phuang phap luyen thep

2 KT nang

• Phan biet gang, thep

• Giai bai tap lien quan den gang, thep

3 Tinh cam, thai do

Thdng qua qua trinh san xuat gang, thep lam cho HS bilt quy trgng hgp kim sit

B C H U A N B! CUA GVVA HS

GV: Tranh ve: Ld bet-xa-me, Id Mac-tanh, Id dien

HS: Xem trudc ndi dung bai hgc

C TlfeN TRiNH DAY - HOC

Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cua HS

GV eho HS nghien eiiu SGK va yeu cau

HS neu khai niem gang

- Cd bao nhieu loai gang

- Gang trang khac gang xam d nhung

diem nao

- Neu tinh chat va img dung cac loai

gang dd

HS thao luan va nhan xet

-Cd hai loai gang: Gang trang va Gang xam

b) Gang xam

Gang trdng la gang chiia it cacbon va

cacbon chii yeu d dang xementit Fe3C Tinh chat: cd mau sang, rat eiing va gidn Ung dimg: dung chu yeu de luyen thep

Gang xam la gang chiia nhieu cacbon d

dang than ehi va silic Tinh chat: it ciing va it gidn Ung diing: dung de diic be may, dng nude, canb ciia

Hogt dpng ciia GV Hogt dpng cda HS

2 San xuat gang

a) Nguyin lieu

GV: Tir nguyen tac yeu cau HS neu

nguyen lieu san xuat gang

GV nhan xet va bd sung:

- Quang de san xuat gang thudng la:

Hematit dd (Fe203), hematit nau

(Fe203.nH20) va manhetit (Fe304)

Quang pirit (FeS2) khdng dimg dl san

xuat gang vi chira nhieu luu huynh

- Ngoai hai nguyen lieu chinh d tren

ngudi ta cdn diing them chat chay

CaC03 hoac Si02 de ha thap nhiet do

ndng chay va tao xi

GV chieu len man hinh bai tap sau cho

HS thao luan

Bai tap: Trong cac quang (da tach tap

chit) sau: Fe203, Fe304, FeS2, FeCOs

quang nao cd gia tri san xuit gang nhit

(ham lugng sat cao nhat)

A Fe203 B Fe304

C FeS2 D FeC03

b) Nhirng phdn ting hod hgc xay ra tro

GV cho HS nghien eiiu SGK yeu ciu

HS neu cae phan iing xay ra trong qua

trinh luyen gang

HS thao luan cho ket qua

- Quang sat

- Than cdc

HS thao luan cho ket qua

Chgn dap an B

ng qud trinh luyen quang thdnh gang

HS thao luan cd 3 giai doan phan iing trong qua trinh luyen quang thanh gang

- Phan img tao thanh chat khir CO

- Phan ling khir sat oxit

Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cua HS

GV chia HS thanh eac 3-4 nhdm va

yeu eau cac nhdm thao luan cac ndi

dung sau:

Nhdm 1: Neu cae phan ung tao thanh

chit khir CO

Nhdm 2: Neu cac phan iing khir sat oxi

d cac nhiet dd khac nhau

Nhdm 3: Neu cae phan iing tao xi

- Phan ling tao xi

HS cae nhdm tien hanh thao luan dudi sir dan dat cua GV eho ket qua

Nhdm 1: Phan iing tao thanh chit khir

CO d phan tren eiia ndi Id

- Khdng khi ndng dugc nen -vao ddt

chay cacbon C + O2 —^—> CO2

- Nhiet lugng phan iing tao ra lam nhiet

do tang den khoang 1800 C thi

CO2 + C ^ ^ 2C0

- Do phan iing thu nhiet nen d bung Id nhiet do cdn khoang 1300 C

Nhdm 2: Phan iing khir sat oxit

- Phan tren than Id d nhiet do khoang

400 C thi xay ra phan ung

Fe203 + CO - ^ ^ Fe304 + CO2

- Phan giira than Id d nhiet do khoang 700°C-800°C thi xay ra phan iing

-^ FeO + CO2 Fe304 + CO

- Phan dudi than Id d nhiet do khoang 500°C-600°C thi xay ra phan img

FeO + CO -> Fe + CO2

Nhdm 3: Phan iing tao xi

0 phan bung Id nhiet do khoang 1000 C thi da vdi phan buy

CaC03 ^ ^ CaO + CO2

Hogt dpng cda GV

GV bd sung: Xi tao ra nhe ban gang

ndi len tren ngan can sat tao ra tac

dung vdi oxi khdng khi

c) Su tgo thanh gang

GV yeu cau HS nhdm 4 cho biet sir tao

thanh gang

Hogt dpng cua HS

Sau dd tao xi vdi Si02

CaO + Si02 > CaSiOs

HS thao luan cho ket qua

- 0 nhiet do 1300 C Sat ndng chay co boa tan 1 phan cacbon va cac nguyen to

Si, Mn tao thanh gang

- Gang tao thanh tich tu d day Id Sau mdt thdi gian nhat dinh ngudi ta thao gang va xi ra khdi Id cao

II THEP

Hogt dpng 2

GV gidi thieu: Thep la hgp kim cua HS nghe GV gidi thieu va nhan xet: sat chira tir 0,01-2% khdi lugng

cacbon cimg mdt sd nguyen td khac

Yeu cau HS so sanh thanh phan gang _, , , , , ,

So sanh gang vai thep:

vdi thep

- Gidng nhau: Deu la hgp kim ciia sat

vdi cacbon va mdt sd nguyen td khac

- Khdc nhau: Gang chiia tir 2-5% khdi

lugng cacbon na thep ehi cd 0,01-2% khdi lugng C

1 Phan loai, tinh chat va ung dung cua thep

GV gidi thieu: Dua va thanh phan cua

thep ngudi ta chia thep thanh thep

thudng va thep dac biet

a) Thep thu&ng

GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK va yeu HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet

cau neu

Hogt dpng cua GV

- Thanh phan cua thep thudng

- Cach phan loai thep thudng va im^

dung ciia cac loai thep thudng

Hogt dpng cua HS

b) Thep ddc biit

GV yeu eau HS khac neu

- Thanh phan ciia thep dac biet

- Mdt sd loai thep dac biet quan trgng

2 San

a) Nguyin lieu

GV eho HS nghien ciin SGK yeu eau

HS neu eac nguyen lieu de san xuat

thep

- Thep thudng la sat va cacbon la chu yeu cdn ggi la thep cacbon

- Thep thudng chia lam 2 loai

+ Thep mim (%C < 0,1 %) thep mim de

gia cdng nen dung de keo sgi, can thep la

+ Thep cicng (%C > 0,9%) Thep cimg

diing de che tao vdng bi, vd xe bgc thep

HS nhan xet

- Thep dac biet cd them mdt sd nguyen

td khac la eho thep cd tinh chit dac biet

- Mdt sd loai thep da biet

+ Thep chiia 13% Mn rit eiing lam may nghien da

+ Thep chira 20% Cr va 10% Ni rit cimg

va khdng gi (thep inox) lam dung eu y

te, dung eu gia dinh

+ Thep chira 18% W va 5% Cr rit cimg dugc diing che tao may eat ggt kim loai

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS

- Nhien lieu la diu mazut hoac khi ddt hay nang lugng dien

- Chat oxi boa la khi oxi, khdng khi giau oxi

b) Nhicng phdn dng hod hgc xay ra trong qud trinh luyen gang thdnh thep

GV gidi thieu: Nguyen tie san xuit

thep la lam giam ham lugng eac tap

chat nhu C, Mn, Si trong gang Yeu

call HS dua vao nguyen tic san xuit

thep hay du doan cae phan img xay ra

trong qua trinh luyen thep

c) Cdc phuang phdp luyen thep

GV gidi thieu tuy va phuong phap

luyen thep ma ngudi ta chia la ba

phuong phap chinh

GV chia HS thanh 3-4 nhdm, chilu

len man hinh tranh anh hay doan video

elip ve qua trinh luyen thep (hoac cho

HS nghien cim SGK)

• Phuang phdp Bet-xa-me

GV yeu eau HS nhdm 1 neu

- Dac diem cua phuang phap Bet-xa-me

- Uu, nhugc diem ciia phuang phap

HS thao luan dudi sir dieu khien ciia GV eho ket qua

- Giai doan 1: oxi boa tap chat

C + O2 -^-^ C 0 2 t

S + O2 — ^ S 0 2 t

Si + O2 ^ ^ Si02 4P + 5O2 - ^ ^ 2P2O5

- Giai doan 2: Tao xi CaO + P2O5 ^ Ca3(P04)2

CaO + Si02 -^ CaSi03

HS nhdm 1 thao luan cho ket qua

- Ddc diim la diing oxi khdng khi ndng

ddt chay cae tap chat trong gang tao thanh thep

Hogt dpng cua GV

Bet-xa me

• Phuang phdp Mac-tanh

GV yeu eau HS nhdm 2 neu

- Dac diem cua phuang phap Mae-tanh

- Uu, nhugc diem cua phuong phap

Mac-tanh

• Phuang phdp Id diin

GV yeu cau HS nhdm 3 neu

- Dae diem cua phuang phap Id dien

- LTU, nhugc diem ciia phuong phap Id

dien

Hogt dpng cda HS

- Ifu diim: Thdi gian luyen thep nhanh,

thiet bi don gian, it tdn kem gia thanh re

- Nhugc diim: Khdng luyen dugc thep

tu gang chiia nhieu photpho-va khdng luyen dugc thep ed thanh phin theo y muon

HS nhdm 2 thao luan cho kit qua

- Ddc diim la diing nhieu nguyen lieu

deluyen thep

- Ifu diim: Luyen dugc thep cd thanh

phan theo y mudn, khdi lugng moi me thep ldn

- Nhugc diim: Qua trinh luyen thep keo

dai 6-8 gid

HS nhdm 3 thao luan cho ket qua

- Dgc diim la Sir dung nhiet lugng tir

ddng dien giiia 2 dien cue bang cacbon

- ifu diim: Luyen dugc cac loai thep

dac biet ma thanh phan ed kim loai khd ndng chay nhu W, Cr, Mo

- Nhugc diim: Khdi lugng mdt me thep

nhd Tdn nang lugng

Hogt dpng 3

CUNG CO BAI VA BAI TAP VE NHA

GV chilu cae bai tap sau len man hinh

cho HS thao luan ciing cd ndi dung bai

hoc:

HS quan sat theo luan cho ket qua

Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng ciia HS

Bai 1 Hgp kim ciia Fe cd tir 0,01%

-^2%C va mdt lugng rit it Si, Mn,

D Pirit sat va ddldmit

Bai 3 Nguyen lieu diing dl san xuit

gang la

A Quang sat, oxi nguyen chit, than da

B Quang sat, than cdc, chit chay,

khdng khi

C Quang sat, chit chay, than da

D Quang sat, khdng khi, than da

Bai 4 Trong qua trinh luyen thep, chii

yeu xay ra cac phan iing la

A Khir Fe203 thanh Fe

B Oxi hoa eac nguyen to C, S, P, Si

va tao xi

C Oxi hoa FeO

D Tao chit khir CO

Bai tap ve nha: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (SGK)

5 b) Theo dau bai: Trong 10 tin gang cd 9,60 tin Fe D I cd dugc 9,6 tin

Fe can:

232.9,60 l^g =13,3 tanFe304 Quang chiia Fe304 92,8% Nen khdi lugng quang cin liy la

6 b) Khdi lugng Fe ed trong 1 tin quang hematit chiia 64,0% Fe203 la:

0,64.112 ^

^ ^ = 0.44S(.a„) Khdi lugng mudi chiia 80% Fe2(S04)3 ed 0,448 tin Fe la:

400.0,448.100 ^ ^

= 2 (tan) 112.80 ^ e) BChdi lugng Fe cd trong 10 tin quang chiia 64,0% Fe203 la:

160 ^ y >

Khoi lugng thep thu dugc vdi hieu suit cua qua trinh luyen thep 75% la:

4 48 0 1 (4'48 + - ^ r f ^ ) 0 , 7 5 = 3,4(.tan)

• Vi tri eiia dong trong bang tuan hoan, eau hinh electron nguyen tir

• Tinh chit vat li va tinh chat boa hgc cua ddng

• Mdt so hgp chit cua ddng