(Landscape architecture american society landscape archeture (2011)

More 仕lan40 of Chicago's public schools have fruit and vegetable gardens, but after working hard to grow food, the ldds technically can't eat any of it，址le Chiω:go Tribune reported in th

I a n d s c a p e f 0 r 111 S

Co n cord designed by

Ro ber t A M S t ern Archi ects

Creating a Sense of Place with Integrated Site Furniture Solutions 800.430.6205 I landscapeforms.com

14 NOW States and cit i es struggle w i h shr i nking parks budg e ts; a Boston park fence throws a curve;

rented goats get to work in downtown Portland;

some state capita l s will be greener; an invas iv e

plant has an upsid e; OLlN will upgrade the Metropol i tan Mu seum; you can (sort ofl bike

from London to Paris; street trees may deter criminals; a nd Floridians vote to keep planning among planners

EDITED BY UNDA MCINTYRE

26 CLOSE-UP

Ducks Welcome The Un iversity of Oregon's new Ja qu a Center fo r student athletes i s gorgeous-but even more

so fo r the dark , et h ereal pool that surroun ds i , designed by Charle s A n e r son F A SLA

BYTIM NEWCOMB

32 WATER Catch It While You Can

It actually ra in s now a n d then in Tuc so n Arizona , and the city ha s new rules to red u ce potable water

us e i n the l andscape by co llect ing every drop of sto rmwater it can on commercia l si t es

BY ANN AUDREY

38 MI N OS The Healer Clare Cooper M arcus Honorary ASLA has pioneered inves t iga tions i nto t he p s ycholog ica l impacts of design especially the ways engagement w i h the landscape can help

ill peop l e heal

BY BILL MARKEN HONORARY ASLA 4日 GOOOS

Trashy, Yet Novel New designs for trash and recycling receptacles

for pub lic spaces look good enough to treasure

BY USA SPECKH ARDT

50 HOUSE CAL L Let the Good Times Climb, Slide, and Roll

T he k i ds a re more than a ll r ight i n a d ee p city

garden i n San F r anc i sco design e d fo r play, and

t h e pa r e ts are super ha ppy tOO

BY JOANNE FURIO

忖 E

Jd

,,,

114 HISTORY

The Master ' s Plan

T here were no rat i ng standards i n place f or

sustainab ili ty w hen Hideo Sasak i des igned t h e

Sea P ine s r esort i n Sout h Ca roli n a j ust over ha lf

a cen t ury ago He ran on intui on t o p r otect the ecology 01 t he place and it's sti ll la rgely i ntact

BY M ARK HOUGH ASLA

78 EAT YOUR SU8DIVISION

匀'

Afew new resident ial ne i g hb orhoods around the

country are be in g des ig ned t o include spaces for

far mi n g an idea t h t may ga in tr act io n

as concerns ri se about the secur i ty of ou r

88 NEAR AND FAR

Christ i ne T en Eyck FASLA has a vigo r o s des ign

p r act i ce i n Phoenix b t her pi nin g for Tex a s drove

he r to set up a second of f ce i n Aust in whe r e she

has only mult p lied her success

BY DANIEL JOS飞 ASLA

WRITER/EDITOR Oan iel Jost AS L A /φostlå a sl a o r g

ASSOCIATE EDITOR

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CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Jane Roy 8rωIVn; Lake Douglas ASLA;

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V ICE PRESIOENTS Edwar甘 G.C却笃。n， ASLA Mark A Focht FASLA

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L

The Civil Bench Is Streetwise Seating At Its Fines t

Ro b ust const ru c ti on meets c l ean des i gn i 门 framesof 2" d i ameter sta i n l ess s t ee l t ub i ng and heavy - duty,

anod i z ed cast a l um i num seats w i th a scu l pted honeycomb pa忧ern.C i v i l i s ava i ab l e i n two 4' vers i ons des i gned

to m i rror each other and, when p l aced end - to - end, create count l ess opt i ons for l near seat i ng arrangements

Bo l d, beaut i fu l, a d bu il t to l ast, C i v il i s a so l d c h i ce, even for the toughest urban e n v i ronments

LAM / LAND MATTERS

READING WRITING

Un挝11 heard about the pests, the weeds, the allergies, and worse dangers, 1 had assumed school vegetable gardens would be really

good for kids 1 figured it migh t even entice them toward 1andscape

architecture or other productive, earth-conscious careers rather than, say, a life of credit defa川tswaps

1 had to applaud First Lady Michelle Obama for involving kids from

a Washington, D.C., schoo1 in her White House kitchen garden and for encouraging kids everywhere (and, more precisely, their adults) to start gardens at their schools The kids would soil their

hands, get some exercise, find worms, and maybe leam how to eat better Mrs Obama's timing was great: Seemingly out of nowhere

in 2009, "urban agriculture" became a big meme among people who 10ve cities and food and care about nutrition It offers one way

ω 自xshrinking cities while helping to feed people in them The past decade has brought a lot of attention by planners and public health experts on encouraging people to bum calories as a part of

daily life by walking or cycling, but that's only half the issue for a healthier population.ηle other half is watching what kinds of calo-

ries peop1e consume and where those calories come from Schoo1 gardens make huge sense because they help kids connect the dots between fresh food, self二reliance，and better health

SCHOOL GARDENS HELP KIDS CONNECT

This idea that gardens can teach may seem intuitive, but it meets

the oddest forms of resistance out there School officials in gom町 County，Maryland, are afraid of schoo1 vegetable gardens

Mont-A Washington Post report last month said that although the county doesn't officially ban school gardens - 由ere are a few 气ogue"

gardens that parents don't want pub1icized- the superintendent,

J e盯YD Weast, and his facility managers discourage them at almost

every tum In a letter to the school board last year, Weast said that

vegetable gardens "are a food source for pests, create liabilities for children with food allergies, and have other associated concerns."

So don't look for student-raised eggplant on Weast's watch

More 仕lan40 of Chicago's public schools have fruit and vegetable

gardens, but after working hard to grow food, the ldds technically can't eat any of it，址le Chiω:go Tribune reported in the fall, so it's

sold or given away.ηle school system and its meals contractor,

Chartwells-Thompson, insist that students can't have any food

出atdoesn't meet "specificjcertified growing practices," which ban pesticides and require on]y organic compost and fertilizers But the rules don't apply to the schools' commercial food suppliers, the

Tribune reported; suppliers' food can be treated with any of several

pesticides Ideally, noted Kathleen Merrigan, a deputy secretary of the U S Depar怕也ntof Agriωlture on a visit to a Chicago school garden，也ekids would be able to eat the food 出eygrow Kids do it

in Denver's pub1ic schools, where some ofthe produce on the salad bar has been pul1ed out of the schools' gardens, according to the

Tribune , because Denver's schools have 电旧edout howωensure

由efood's saf居ty.Sometimes bureaucracy finds a way

Then there is the potential unraveling of society because of school gardens, as Caitlin Flanagan worried at leng出 m 刀切 Atlanticlast year- you really should 100k up the whole piece, "C叫tivatingFail-ure," to see how Flanagan brings make-believe circumstances to the

most inane conclusions The subversive notions of edible schoo1 yards, as promoted by that culinary siren Alice Waters, she writes, threaten to "hijack the curricula" of public schools and widen an

a1ready worrying performance deficit among Latino and African American kids by teaching them bacl{-breaking labor

Som e 挝dsfall for architectu的ecausethey visit an impressive s均­scraper Kids fl.y on jets and decide they want to be pilots I've been

wondering what kinds of sparks it takes to draw 1dds to landscape architecture; visits to parks might do the job if somebody shows a

kid how they're made Growing fruit and vegetables at school can teach them 也atland is a living 出i吨， and one 出eycan work with

in all kinds ofways A garden doesn't need to become a school's main course to open a wonderful new wor址. So never mind the fear or 由e speculative gloom Let's buy some seeds and trowels, count on our share of weeds and failures, and start showing kids,

in cities and suburbs especially, what land is all about

Finally, a note about our packaging: Starting 出ismon白，we're ering 也emagazine in recyclable po1y bags to help ensure your issues

deliv-arrive intact These bags follow a recommended industry standard to

reduce our printing of extra copies and the energy spent on replacing individual issues, which in tum cuts costs and our carbon footprint

BRAD FOR D MCKEE

EDITOR

800.430.6205 I landscapeforms.com I a n d s c a p e f 0 r 111 S

LAM / LETTER5

Regarding your Critic at Large article

by Jason Radice ("Beware the Post

-Professional 0鸣ree，" December), a less

than enthusiastic endorsement of

con-也1山nged u αtionin the profession, 1 缸m

disappointed with the author's negative

attitude toward his own self二improve ­

ment and the betterment of his

profes-sional abilities As an educator in the

lan出cape architec阳remaster's progr缸n

at Temple University, 1 embrace the

challenge of students looking to "plus

it" with additional practical knowledge

who have both 由einsight and fores堪ht

to 陀cognizethe academic environment

as the venue for that achievement 1 am

candid with my students that if there is

a defiòency in subject matter or an area

of 四pertisenot covered, then 1 want to

know about it and it w山 beaddressed

Speòal interest in extending a

knowl-edge base is the responsibilityofboth the

instructor and the student Clearly this

author has chosen to ruminate over 出e

lack of commitment he is experiencing

But who exactly is not engaging the op

-p or 以nity? E i 由erthe instructors are not

reaching, r the client purchasing the

service is not de仙úngthe expectations

1 believe it is the latter If you 出 inkyou

ordered fìsh and you got chicken, s时 the

manager 1 t is reactive and unproductive

behavior ωgripe and moan about lack

of service in a magazine dedicated to

supporting the profession lt is a bad

at-titude that can be corrected with a little

proactive disrussion with 也eins位uctors.

KEVIN J STEPHENSON, ASLA

::>~ \I\JS3U~G 卢_ \I\l S'_VA \J, A

As a landscape architect and an

edu-cator, 1 was disheartened by Radice's

bitter account ofhis post-professional master's degree experìence Having also experienced a post-professional

degree in a combined program (Mgan State University, BLA; The Rhode Island School ofDesign, MLA), 1 must

ichi-strongly disagree with the claim that

a studio in a combined program "at best offers you a chance to learn from the instructor as well as the other s 阳­

dents." This is the rninimum outcome

出atshould take place in any studio

within any post-professional degree program Skill levels aside, the most important result of any studio environ-

ment is the generation and

develop-ment of new ideas The number of

years of professional experience has

ltt1e bearing on this, and more often than not, the amateurs who are not constrained by "the way things are

done" are出 eones with the best ideas

It is no su叩ri s ethat Radice is

disap-p inted with his post-professional d

e-gree experìence th s far Under the

motives of "refìn[ing 0 肘's1 practice"

and "simply get be忧er"at what one ready does, it seems like anyone will be disappointed with a post-professional degree R e且ningone's practice is really best done in practice Exploring and

al-r臼earchingnew and alternative ways

of thinking, doing, designing, and α.e­

ating are the best waysωapproach a

post-prof白sionaldegr田 ，especially with

several years of professional 四pe时ence.

JOSEPH JAMES WAT;:~TOW可'vI ASSAC片 US三TTS

Radice hit the spot for a burgeoning

group of professionallandscape archi

-tects who fìnd themselves in need of more education or a highεr degree A few ycars ago 1 also went through an "enormously frustrating" post-professional

educational experience 1 also observed

other students in my situation drop out

of the program

Now that 1 have experienced a 岳wyear sback in 出eprofessional world, other

professionals seem confused 也at Ihave

so much experience after just

graduat-ing 1 wonder if other professionals

per-ceive the value of the graduate degr出

to be equa1 to two years of professional 四perience.Yet, as the profession con-

tinues to promote and advance itself,

由etrend to favor graduate-Ievel degreed individuals will a1so continue As an

example, the firm 1 currently work for has hired on1y candidates with MLAs in

the past few years

If a graduate degree is becoming part

of the recipe for success, why should

we penalize students who complete their undergraduate degree in land-

scape architecture? The current an

-swer to the dilemma of students who

get it right with their fìrst degree and

then need more credentials seems to

be pursuing another degree outside of landscape architecture or working on other professional certifications, semi-

nars, or classes 1 see three options landscape arcrutecture progr缸nsw山

take to address the gap: adapt to offer worthwhile currìcula to profession-

als, combine undergraduate programs with required graduate degrees, or

allow other credentialing institutions

to take up the slack

RYAN BENTLEY, ASSOCIATE ASLA

OMAH A NE8RASKA

SUBMIT

Please e-mail comments to LAMletters@

ωla.org or send via U S mail ω:

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FOREGROUND

NOTES ANO REPORTS FROM THE FIELO

Parks are in a crunch, a cu阿yfence is a good neighbor, goats get a maintenance

contract, and street trees seem to cut crime, in NOW A sublime pool surrounds a

new Oregon academic building in CLOSE

-UP Tucson seizes every bit f rain it can get

in WATER We look at the groundbreaking career of Clare Coo er Marcus, Honorary

ASLA, in MIND5 Circular files come in

all kinds o cool guises, in GOOD5 And

kids' play rules a San Francisco garden

In HOU5E CALL

IMAGE CR DIT

。 Ecker、t & ECker、t

For recreation offidals aαoss the

shrink-1吨 budgets is anything but a walk in the park State and local governments are strained, and keeping parks clean,

safe, and wel1 maintained-a chal1enge even in good times-is inαeasinglyan exercise m ingenuity

States are feeling some ofthe worstpain

In California, the outgoing

Schwarze-neggera也ηinistrationfailed in ber to win approval for an $I8 per year vehicle registration f出 thatwould have pro叽ded funding for s位ugglingstate parks In Arizona, the state legislature shífted more than $50 rnillion in state

Novem-parks funding to general revenue in the past two fiscal years Five state parks

have been closed already, and the state government is consídering prívatizing the entire system even though it gets

no fundíng from general revenues

Sandy Bahr, the director of the Sierra Club's Grand Canyon chapter, says some propertíes simply can't be priva-

tized because theywere acquired under conditions that prevent their operation

by for-profit companíes 一 ífthe state cannot run them, then ownership will

revert to the original owners or the

federal govemment "ηle issue is more complícated than legislators thínk it

is," she says

Local governments are also s位uggling

with running their parks Officials in

Janesv训e ， Wisconsin, are considering

sel1ing off parks or tumíng their

main-tenance over to volunteers In Wichita,

Kansas，也ecity council cut $1 about a quarter- from the parks and

million-recreation budget for 20II without specifying which programs should

be scaled back and still requiring that the level of services remain the same

Now city staff are analyzing which

programs and facílities are most

-and least-valued by residents as 出ey

struggle to implement the cuts The city's parks director, Doug Kupper,

says he's facing layoffs, outsourcing

仕le management of at least two

rec-reation centers, and tag-teaming staff

for the management of other facilities

Grounds maintenance was already outsourced in 2009 ''J'm optimístic that we can continue to provide the quality of life our residents demand, "

he says, though he adds that he hopes future savings will be carved from other sources

ln 0俨de俨 t o focus 俨esou r ces

on a more attractíve, bette俨used park nea俨bv

IMAGE CREDITS

Courtesy Sean Ivlartin

"Parks agencies across the spectrum are looking

at new and creative ways to deal with reduced gets and limited horizons," says Rich Dolesh, the

bud-chief of public policy for the National Recreation

and Park Association "We're seeing some creative

public-private partnerships, and also some systems

仕latare going to for-profit companies to manage

their parks."

Public-private par钉lershipshave worked brilliantly

in places like New York Cíty, and some states are

trying the approach The Georgia state park system

is teaming with the Boy Scouts for projects such

as trail constructíon, grounds cleanup, and lation of playground equipment A spokesperson,

instal-也mHatcher, says the Georgia system has hired a consultant to find more such oppo时unities.But not every constituency is ready to accept pa此nershipsfor

running their parks Sea忧le'smayor, Mike McGinn,

sought to shore up the city's budget with a deal to low a local company to produce its public television

al-show at a community center in the Queen Anne

neighborhood, but resídents rose up in opposítion,

A.ooding City Hall with complaints

Bríce Maryman, ASLA, a locallandscape architect and a lecturer in the landscape architecture program

at the University ofWashington, says there is st让lasomewhat binary sense of nature and culture as be-

ing separate in the city, especial1y in neighborhoods

肌has Queen Anne that feellike retreats from the 今

Not only is outdoor play fun for children, it is necessary for them to lead a healthy life Our

nature-inspired playground equipment encourages children and families to get outside and be active,

while exposing them to the realistic look and feel of tree bark and rocks right on the playground

Learn more about nature-inspired activities at playls i comjadjnature-inspired-Ia

In the end , our priority is

to get kids outside to play

-Steve King, FASLA

Co-founder and Chairman,

FOREGR川 o /NOW

f urban bustle "We can look at Bryant Park and

appreciate it and see it as a model," he says "But

we can also see how much time is tumed over to

private programming, which might raise some

problems."

Sometimes, however, a city and its residents

together can cut their park losses and benefit

the city government put a park up for sale as

three separate residentiallots But Sean Mar由1，

historic neighborhood association, says 出em ove

was done at the association's request The small

and austere McCallie Park (no trees, just a couple

of pieces of play equipment) was on a vacant lot

two blocks from the nicer Fourth and Gill Park,

which had been threatened a few years ago by a

highway project

But the highway was rerouted The city di出口

want to maintain two parks so close together, and

residents decided it was best to concentrate the让

energy and the åty's resources in the other park

Halfthe McCallie lot had previously sold for infill

houses, and Martin says those projects have en

-hanced the farnily仕iendly neighborhoo d.τhe city

has spent about 缸。0 ， 000 improving the Fourth

Mar-hn s ay s ，飞ndwe got the best outcome." 0

2011

BROWSER UPGRADE: RUMINATION, NOT MACHINATION

Legend has it 出at goats will eat just about

prefer-ence for weeds and tender young woody plants

Portland，创 l dthe results are no joke

M迦igan'sfirm, Greenworks, was hiréd

ωmaintaín the vacant site, and he saw

a perfect opportunity to 町 ruminant­

in rural areas, in the heartofthe city He eng鸣eda herd from a local company called Goat Rental NW and, to keep costs down, managed the herd bimself,

visiting often during the goats ' 由ree­

and-a-half-week tenure and making 饥uethey always had access to fresh water

"Once on si栓 ， the goats were mostly self.sωtaini吗 asthey were surrounded

by their food source," he says

二缓缓

BOTTOM

ft e.>响。阿)(Çi , ~r'ë lb~es

~b何也I( :ó巧如tw;tb 同lf':!íJt Q ' rt"lCt，bcr誓

IMAGE CREOITS

òr宅挝、AllhCè!r Æ:，业

η1e experiment went srnoothly The goats were

Rental's insurance covered liability issues The

} ofthe p ψject， which became a destination o:f sorts

七 forneighbors near and far who adöpted the göats as

t theìt own, pu1ling up nearby weeds to feed theωte

t But the project's benefits went further Milligan is

wor.灿 1 9to use goats on another site in a different part of the dty, and will reωtn with a herd to the origina1 site later 出ìsspring That will enable the projectteam to refine its management approach "It becomes an exercìse in reading the dynamics ofthe ruderal vegetation of the city,n he says 白leowner

is le由18the team decide exact1y when to bring the goats back "lf we come out too early, tbe vegetation

w诅 con也1Ue to grow after it's ωt ， " says M出igan.

"lf wewait t∞ long， it wiU develop woody stems that

出egoats don't really like to eat U rban pastorallsm

in process!" 0

MODUlAR WAll MOUNTED COlORS

COlUMNS

the POSSIB I LITIES αre ENDLESS!

j CIRCLE 235 H T τP://IN F O H O T I M S COM /34ó 31 -235 CIRCLE 90 Hnp: II INFO H Tl MS GOM / 3 63 1 -90

FOREGROUND / NOW

ABOVE fV\ost fence naker、stold artlst

Beth Galston her undulat1ng deslgn was lmpOSSlble but a dûrlng tab r lcðto俨 madel two俨《

INSET Onan u俨bancorner ln Boston,

landscape deslgn bV Ray Dunetz,

ASLA, echoes a meandermg fence IMAGE CREDITS

Bartel飞 K口meczny，top, Clements Howcroft Photography, bottom

18/ lAN0CAPE ARCHITECTURE MAAZINE FEB 2011

never met until they found themselves

at a meeting to remake a tiny park called the South Street Mal1 in Boston's ]amaica Plain section, In 2007 the Bos-ton Parks Departrnent had hired Du-

netz to redesign the strip; meanwhile,

an organization called ]amaica Plain CentrejSouth Main Streets had held

a competition for artwork on the mall

Galston, one ofthe city's foremost pub

-且cart sculptors, was selected

When the two were called to the initial meeting by the park's planners, Du-netz and Galston quickly decided, he says, that "even though we had sepa-rate clients, we would collaborate, blur the line between art and landscape."

ηle corner lot is small, just big enough for two tennis courts, and it had become

derelict, a magnet for vagrants Next

to the tennis courts is a minipark, 30

by 125 feet, laid out on a grid "There was no motion," Galston explains "We wanted to whirl people in." They devel-oped a plan they called a "swirl scheme,"

with undulating patte口15of contrasting pavers underfoot and alongside curved

planting beds Even the gate to 出etennis co旧tsis a curled passageway

-A fence was needed to keep tennis balls in the court and out of the park

The collaborators saw that a tine fence-a practical work of art in keeping with the swirl motif 二 couldreplace the linear chain.link fence that

serpen-had been in place Galston had di

f-fì.culty fì.nding a fabricator w过 l ing to

make such a fence; she wanted to slant the posts as wel1 asωrve the fence

"The fence people al1 sa尬，'This won't work,'" she recalls-until she found

Solutions in Metal in Abington, sachusetts, which makes custom metal stair railings, unique fences, and the like Its head, Bartek Konieczny, is an art school graduate who likes 岛brica­tion challenges

Mas-Realizing Galston's design was harder 出an it looks She made many small and full-scale mock-ups; then she and Konieczny had to transfer her concept to

a CAD program 也atwould ♂üde CNC (computer numeric control) machines-

cutters and tube rollers 由atformed the radii ofthe pipes "We found we had ω

have rules," Galston says "The posts could only be eight to 12 degrees out

of vertical, and the radü of the ωrves ranged from 36 to 140 i n ches 古 l epur-pose was to stretch the chain link tightly

so it formed continuousωrveswith no

ftat spots, but not so tight1y the material deformed." Although it looks continu-

ous ， 仕lefence is made in five sec甘ons;

only two are similar Galston bridged the small gaps between sections with narrow triangles of perforated metal

The collaborators then chose a ing of pu叩levinyl for the chain link rather than standard black or green

coat-Depending on 由etimeofd町，the color blends into the streetscape or pops into unexpected hues-at night, a dozen upward lights bring it to life The fence cost $75,000 out of a total budget of

$310,0 0, Dunetz said, which includes renovation ofthe tennis co旧ts O

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ABOVE

A Fo 俨e stServ1Ce StLOY sUGgests tMt môtur芭 1陀es

mr曹sldentlû l nelgh b o俨hoods

Côn help deter cr1rre

The grand en位yste p sát the Fif Ù] Avenue

t o New York City ' s M e tr op9 1 i,ltl , M u seum: o Art are

jrresistib与协 p:t anyvisitors , even " those - who do叫t

want to v en t ure insid e: But t he rest of the þlaza

oútsìde t h { museum's strikihg Béa山-Árt~faé~de Î S'

1ess invíting ， τ ' 0 ch é\!l ge that situation , the Met hás

We know the urban tree canopy helps

to coo1 and clean the air and capture

s t orm阴阳 Can 白白ttrees also help

curtail crime in a city's residential areas?

New research by the U.S Forest Service

suggests the answer might be yes

Research foresters Geoffrey Donovan of the Forest Service's Pacifìc Northwest

Station and Jeffrey Prestemon of the

Southern Research Station examined crime data in Portland, Oregon, over a three-year period (20。于 200 7) 白ley

ana1yzed the re1ationship between crirne

and vegetation using additi nal mation from site visits and property records to iso1ate variables such as a house's age, condition, and proximity

infor-to streetlights as well as the number

and canopy sizes ofboth s悦的悦esand

those on private p rope 口 y.The variab1es were chosen based on wide1y used socia1 science theories of crime motivation

The data indicated that crimina1s are less 1ikely to target houses witll s悦et

trees or big trees on the homeowners' property Hoωes without street trees, or

明白 numeroussmaller trees closer to tlle

s位 u cture，were mo陀汕<e1yto be targets ofburglars or other criminals 。社lerfac ­

tors associated with ino'eased crime were age ofthe house (older houses were sub-

j ecttomore ∞m吟 ，situation on a ∞rner

10t, and view-obstructing barriers such as fences or hedges over three feet tall

broug9to珍otINto redesign the enf4e four-b1ock-1ong outdoor spac巳，inc1ud-ing it$ eXis出19crrca t 97 0 fountains,

OLIN v45 seiectedafter a smra1 也at

indúdeçl more than 39 landscape a

r-chitecture and a~chi t ec阳re f1,:r,rns nerDennis McGlade, FAS:A, wHl1ead thé design t eam.η l e .museum admin-islra'fion estimate.s由atconstructiqn

Part-wil1 be comp1eted by 2015 。

/

/

"We weren't necessarily surprised, but

it took us a while to interpret our

re-sults," says Donovan "We did find that small, view-obstructing trees increased crime Understanding how trees could

d eαeaseαirne was a little less intutive." Mature, well-cared-for trees could encourage people to spend more 也nein

i-p blic places, p ut 世n gmore Jane Jacobs

-style "eyes on 也estreet" and making it harder to commit αimes.ηley might also function as signals 也ata dwelling

is well cared for and its possessions we11

secured De1ving into the association

between tree crown area and decreased crime, the researchers deduced that it's irnportant for homeowners (and their landscape designers) to make s山E 出a t

windows on the ground floor of a house are notobs位ucted

ηle team hopes to va1idate i岱 findings

with studies of other cities "My thor lives in North Carolina," says Dono-van "Doing a study there in the spring would be pretty appealing, as it would get me out ofthe rain in Portland." For more information on the study, see

coau-川!Wfsfed.usjpnwjnewsj2olOjl1jcity-trees

shtm l To 1earn more about the

relation-ship between design and safety, check out Crime Preventio n τhrough Environ-

mental Design at www.cpted net 0

LEFT

"

, '.~ /

… , '.~ /

/

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CAPITAL IDEAS

The U.S EnVÌrQnmental Protection Ag ency，出ro鸣 h

j 比 Pati:nershipsfor Sustainable Communities

prO-gram with the departments of Transporta tion and,

the first benenciaries ofits new Greening America's

Capitals program: Boston; Charleston, West Virgínia;

H缸由此，Connecticut; Je陡rsonCity, Missouri; and

Little Rock, Arkansas

The agency is providing funding for teams of

public- ap.d private-sector designers to visit the

sites and produce schematic designs to contribùte

/1: 0 larger planning and sustainability efforts "The

design assistance w Í11 be taiJored to the spedfic

neigh-borhood, or set of related sites," says Abby Hall

of the EPA's Office of Sustainable Communities

But in each case, 1andscape architecture expertise

will be front and center." Besides its own staff,

the agency is working with firms such as UtiJe in

Boston and Nelson Byrd Woltz in Hartford

För tt'loJ:e information on the selcctcd prοjects

and the application pröcess, see www.epa.govj

uses a reftux c口 nCEnser

tc P俨OOL.ce 口errvcr飞=SS

blCOlesel

INSETS

\A ec l.Sι如".，:c rlç;rt IS ~ trr吉己ttc cr8Zlrg 己r宅~se伫C

5acebrt;5h eccsvsterrs

perrycr它55， bottc 町、， h己S

blCfL.el poterhûl IMAGE CREOITS

c口u俨tesy USDAA口rlCL>ltuf'OlResearch Serv1ce, top 口 rd

bottcrr, courtesy Steve Dewev

lJtε卜 StoteUrlVers;ty ,

www_buo抽议却矿霄 ，cer:er

Invasive plants are a bane of ern existence New research points

mod-to ways they are damaging more

na-tive ecosystems-and also possibly

expanding biofuel options

First the bad news: New research from Oregon State University sugges ts 由at

medω油eadgrass (Taeniatherum caput

b-abJy introduced in North America as a I臼ultof seed contamination, has 由e

potential to crowd out native grasses and even other invasives in sagebrush eco-

systems Data from both an unusually

dry year (2008) and a typically wet one (2009) inrucated that medusahead grew faster and over a longer period oftime in

both situations On westem rangelan也

where the plant is often found，也isis a

problem because neither wildlife

nor Iivestock will eat it because its spiny seeds and h电hsilica content

make it unpaJatable And because

grazing d优sn'thelp keep it in check,

medusahead's dormant biomass serves

as a perfect fuel source for wild且res.

On the brighter side, the USDA's AgriculturaJ Research Service (ARS) reports that the seeds of the pesky roadside weed pennycress (Thla spi

arven se ) have biodiesel fuel pot'tial ARS scientists in Peoria, Illinois, fQund 由atthe cloud (由etemperature

en-at which crystaJs start to form) and pour (when the liquid starts to solidi-fy) points of pen町cressbiodiesel are

soybean-based biodiesel possibly making it

a good fuel source in cold weather Pennycress is also a cold-weather crop,

raising the possibility that soybean

farmers can grow it in winter while

maintaining ~ oy crop yields during

24/ LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE FEB 2011

EC OTOURISM CONTINENTAL STY L E

γ

The English Channel spans just 21 miles from Dover to Cal缸，but the French and the British di他r on just about every-thing As the disparate neighbors seek

to create a bicycling link between their respective capitals, cyclists on both sides ofthe water rejoice, but the progress car-ries a whiff of stiff upper lip intersecting

、 withJoie de vivre

ηle long-term dream is to create a safe,

attractive, car-free path between don and Paris (with a hop on a ferry boat or the Eurostar train in between)

Lon-η1e reality, at least to date, is slightly di任社rent.For starters, a fair portion of the route is now on public roads, and signage remains a work in progress

Imperatives of geography and dem

o-graphics mean more challenging traffic

on the British side; France's roads are simply less packed But the car-free sections of the co旧S← -manyof them éónverted taÌlroad bedS-are where the

/ / ' ,

] Amendmen句，也egrassroots effort to put4e brakes

on development in Florida by subjécting ;:hanges in

:1 cOp1ptehen$Îve land use plans to 司ppro yaybý're 岳ren­

dum, was emph_sl垣cálly/rejected / bythe state's' voters

onNovl侈nberZ;26ro Onlý about 33 perce挝 of叫ting

i Floridans supPOEted thE so-un-d Hometown racy irîitiative,which would have required ápproval þy 6open:ent to sÜcceed as a'follil~tutional amendrTÍtfnt

an it)fiw(of funding from deve}opers, Spent市lorethan

1 $口 million，far oU!padng suppo时e住户höwere able:

1 tomustero乒ly$2-4 million si,n:ce thej(quest beganln

2004 and spent ruost of that getting 也eamend;ment

stretch-mud British resistance to hardtopped pa也S1$ strong

"[There is]ldnd of a gut feeling 由atpa叽nga part of the countrysíde equals urbanization," saíd Símon Pratt of Sustrans, Brítaín's coordinating body for alternative transportation projects

Mark Waters of the United Kingdom's Cyclists'

Touring Club reftects on Britain's reluctant embrace

of two-wheeled transport, casting an envious eye

on the French model "They've got countryside to spare, and 吐1町'renot nearly so precious about it,"

Waters contends "Because Brítaín is so steeped in class-ridden culture, even today, riding a bicycle is

considered a very second-class means of ge忧ingaround [The French] generally have a more agree-able attitude aboüt the whole 出Ìng." 。

/ ,

/

hope it -is: a, disCU$sÍpn that contin1:les beyOl1d to也y，

、hiçh咀arksth~ end ofthe Florida Hometo阳pemoeracy movement 1忱t i岱s lef丘ttωo ou 町.lr S 饱剧te' 白，、s el 出 i怡e仅刨 cte 创 d1ead 世 er路s

andr ，臼 i 浏 dent悠S tlωO 丘 fin叫 dan answé 位rt-ωo Florid 由a's ad 欲 ddiction 1

t吨飞叨 p 防ifOmiS ω01山 i岛s cωon 时 1比 1$如侃 4 甘怕 tru础 ctio ∞ nbe 予咒efì f岛or 陀阳 e 盯i l 让 tís too late for our

如te'S1làtu时 resourcesand qua号~oflife."

But the vo合 onAmendment 4 éo巩 havecðnS

t;-q~ences i也 supportersnever intended, Miæael Allan

也eUniversitý öf Florida, 'is sympathetic to concerrís about unæecked dev~loymen("Bailot bóx zoning !s not an optimum _procedUI'é f01/ decidi.ng when arid

航时evelo pme nt sho卢 OCCÚf，飞esaýs Oppone且ts

claimed (without evidence( according to Wolij that r

e-The broadeI' ;ìn:lpact ofthe Horuetown.Demöctacy l?吵 s时也 ondevel叩mén t would创刊lesta忧 morejob~

,

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E 运 uncl创叫r， e呻 s叩 pe仅创 ciall即 ly gi 伊ven 川 lt由 hem 阳agr 伊H阳 h 拟 tud 址 d 岱 eo fi出怆 tsd世ef岳k白毗 a低t 户如 nd 凶早er阳 E臼S1陡毡世缸 e臼 m 创 n 时盹 1由 t怡 s ' t惚 a础xe臼s lτ 咀 览时 e fea 臼ars t也 he 问 E句町y raised，尹衍如 )V01f '( _=;与 L 伫》，二飞; .7 7

i tωOrlllF … 口le町yLesley Blackr町，president ofFlorida Horuetown o\tetdévelopmeñt." Surely that' s nöt 阳 SQrtofdisωs · MY/

Democracy, said in an election night slatement kWe sion ßlac~er and ber a1Íies'had ifl, rnind 0 户'

/

,,1" .1' , " /

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FOREGROUND /CL05E-UP

ABOVE

The Jaq ua Centel' on lhe

caf1'lpUS of the Un1Ve内Sltyof

Oreg口nappears to Slt raised

on a p口口，Iof 叭rater

IMAGE CREDIT

@ Ron Coope俨

The University of Oregon likes to

spoil its athletes Its football team,

the Ducks, has new ergonomically advanced uniforms made by Nike

And there's seating designed by rari inside the school's new trophy building, the John E Jaqua Academic Center for Student Athletes, a strik-

Fer-ing three-story glass cube on 由eedge

building, too, has a Nike provenanc

e-Nike founder Phil Knight paid for the

building, which has been said (though nevero伍cially)to have cost more than

$40 million

Working with the architect, Gene

Sandoval of Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Architects, was the landscape architect

Charles Anderson, FASLA On the

along a major street on the campus, Sandoval designed a glass box, slightly elevated, and Anderson created an in-

finity pool ofblack granite that comes within 18 inches of the outer walls

around three-quarters of the building

The modern and minimalist black

finish provides a mirror, reftecting the surrounding landscape, and lùdes the

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a

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The outer layer of the 3/8-inch.thick

glass protects the shades and the meta1

screen from wind and rain- expect

acts as a thermal buffer for the air cavity, keeping it warm to help heat

the structure

screen assembly and a system of 1'

011-ing shades

depth-only eight inches at its

deep-est With 10,000 square feet of water,

Sandoval would have liked to have

gone even bigge1' since "water is the life giver in Oregon, n while Anderson says smaller would have been fine

By keeping the 10,000 square feet

of water sha110w inside a handmade

black granite pool, designers were

able to show more depth than there

It was somewhat complicated to round the glass with water while mak-

outer layer of sealed monolithic glass panels was separated from an inner

layer of insulated glass panels by a five-foot-deep air cavity Within the air cavity sits a stainless steel metal

1 TOP

Schematlc dra'Mngs show the 1ntrlcote relallonshlp between water, alr, and structure

ABOVE

When I1t up at nJght, the bUl1d1l'lg appeaT弓 togrow out of the bJack 9俨amteρ001

IMAGE CREOITS

Courtesv ZGF A俨chltectsLLP

to口， () Ec!(ert & Eckert, bottom

2B / LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE FEB 2011

DAllAS, TEXAS 75207

154 GlASS STREET, SUITE 100

Eugene cômpus, the slte

r它môinspedestl'lðn fl'lenOly

A grove ofbirch trees- the highlight

of the 35 native species used- isn't

just aesthetic, but serves to anchor a

biofìltration system cleaning onsite

water runoff Birches, because they can be planted in tight pa忧erns，help

create a dense buffer between the

neighboring streets and the serenity

of the building 。

ABOVE ANO BELOW

An al俨 caV1ty5eparate5 the pool from the bUl1dmg, whl1e

P俨ecast concr它teCLrbS and

paver steps 5et the pool off

fom the sldewôlk

IMAGE CREOITS

Courte5Y ZGF Arch1tect5 LLP,

drawmgs, () Eckert & Eckert,

photo

was and allow the use ofblack precast concrete curbs and paver steps to help

set offthe pool from the adjacent side

-walk Plus, with the desired look of fl.at

glass, extra care was taken in raising

the ground level to fl.atten the bottom

The black granit•- as well as black piping- helps hide elevation changes

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ERN WASHINGTON

Along with the pool, L D lighting around the exterior of the building

produces a glow and stainless steel

grating On the edges protects from

debris and birds, since the water laps

18 inches from the building

Ref1øcting Po ot Edge at Sidawalk

LANOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE FEB 2011

Crestline Pavers from The Belden Brick Company provide a unique old world look with their new

Dutch Chamfered Edge These molded clay pavers are available in two sizes 4x8 and 8x8 No other

clay paver can match the distinct look of Crestline Pavers available in nine different colors including

reds, pinks, tans and burgundy shades 8elden's Crestline Series Pavers meet ASTM 902-09 and are

available wi的 Dutch Chamfered Edge 的 2 -1 14x 4 x 8 or 2-213 x 4 x 8

A large swale c口llects

storf'1water runoff frof"'1 the

vegetatíon and 15β8rt of the

5tO俨m叽，atermanagement

st俨'ategyfor the slte

leave water managers struggling to

find new supplies Yet when it rains,

quickly through millions of dollars'

worth of stormwater infrastructure

IMAGE CREDIT

Ann Audr宅V

build-32/ LAN05CAPE ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE FEB 2011

Guidance Manual But more needed ω

Glassman, a city councilman, posed a

off roofs and parking lots at commercial

proposed 由atan ordir1ance be drafted

ordi-nance requiring rainwater harvesting at

Water harvesting is 由e process of intercepting rainfall and putting it to

"passive" water harvesting intercepts

rainwater and infiltrates it directly ir1to

potable water by helping to keep the

tech-niques such as microbasins, swales,

more than those of passive harvesting

BY ANN AUDREY

Tucson's rainwater harvesting took

general provisions of the ordinance were agreed to and detailed require-

ments were spelled out ir1 a draft

pushed for commercial sites to meet

up to 100 percent of landscape water

demand with harvested rainwater Developers preferred voluntary 思lide­

lines and pushed to have other water conservation measures allowed as

part because all parties helped write it,"

Tucson's average rainfall is 12 inches

landscape demand was reached by

level that could be met using passive

FOREGR川o /WATER

r : i n w ð1et' dra i n 叫 ~leader

l

I ll- -14 tlIl l -

Con5truct1on harvests rarnwater、。 何 t he

51te's 口arkrnglot to 5upport low water U5e

land5cape plants A steel tank located

holds ha问ested roof t口p r uno仔

RIGHT

ca t chmen t a俨easa们d t俨elar05cape plants they

5upport at Repp De51gn I Con5truct1or

Ann A ud r 哇:y， ph口t口5，ARC StUO l 口5，graphlc

water harvesting alone, Being able to meet the requirements with passive

techniques was important to the devel

-opment community because of the high cost of commercial-scale tanks

icate of occupancy for a new commercial site, a110wing time to establish plants using standard irrigation In addition,

new commercial site owners must prepare a water harvesting plan and

water budget and report rainf马11 and irrigation volumes ann旧lly

dard address irrigation systems, plan

submittal, and reporting The

ordi-nance cuts commercial sites a break

during drought years to ensure that plants don't suffer These kick in when rainfall is below nine inches per year at

a gJVen slte

Tucson's Commercial Rainwater

Har-vesting Ordinance (No 10597) was adopted October 14, 2008, and imple-

mented June 1, 2010 The 50 percent requirement must be accomplished

within three years of receiving the certiι

The adopted development standard includes specifications for both passive systerns and ta时(s(which are optional)

Additional specifications in the stan

-Wi 出 the June 2010 implementation,

water harvesting plans are now being

submitted to Tucson's Planning and

Development Services Department

dese俨tshùde tr它臼 ùtthe

RIGHT

Col口俨full ù ndscùpeplonts

ùre suppo俨tedbv hù问ested

rillnwùter‘ ln () POtlO a俨eûùt

the nev、 Supe俨 Torqetstore

there is extra work and cost involved

in preparing the water budget tions and water harvesting plan, but

calcula-he 四pects 由e process will get faster with time Greg Shinn, a landscape architect and owner of G RS Landscape Architects 1nc., emphasizes the need for the landscape architect and drain-agee吨ineerto communica te earl y and

often throughout site design to ensure the landscape plan, drainage plan, and

water harvesting plan are consistent and meet the standards 1n hi s 四peri­

ence, the landscape architect typically

prepares the water harvesting plan

the new commercial standard, Tucson Water has provided more than $21 ，00 。

in grants to help commercial

facili-ties serve as demonstration sites for

water harvesting The landscape at

Repp Design + Construction's office

demonstrates passive and active water harvesting, ilJustrating the collaborative design results for site grading, wa怆r

I N T U C 50 N , f\ L L P LA N 0 r u t'( C lJ IVI M 1: Rιlf\ L

DEVELOPMENT SITES MUST INCLUDE A WATER

HARVESTING PLAN AND WATER BUDGET

Before the adoption of the commercial harvesting, landsca pe planting, and r吨山rements， Barre忧 designeda water irrigation Rick McLain ， 由eowner of harvesting landscape for the new Super Repp Design + Construction, repo出

Targetstore in Tucson.ηl e site contains tha t his system-designed by ARC

an array of water harvesting basins Studios 一 is working well and saving planted with drought-tolerant trees potable water and money

and shrubs This landscape iUustrates

由e shi丘 inengineering and landscape Joe Linville, the lead planner with

design that the new ordinance requires, the PDSD's landscape section, and it allows people to see large-scale pates the new commercial landscapes

antid-commercial water harvesting in action "will have larger, healthier trees with

less blowdown because the roots

As part of its ongoing potable water will penetrate deeper." Linville sees conservation efforts, and to support another advantage: After years of push-

lANOSCAPE ARCH1TECTURE MAGAZINE FEB 2011

ing for improved commercial tion systems, facilities w山 nowmake substantial strides in irrigation effi-dency as a result of having managed water harvesting systems Fernando Molina, the head of Tucson Water's Public Information Office, agrees Under the new requirements, facili-ties must use control1er technology that

irriga-re叩ondsωconditionson a site Most facilities are selecting Usmart control-lers" that operate in response to local weather- a key to potable water conser-

vation, in Molina's view

Shinn expects that Tucson's experi

-ence will help others take up water

harvestÎng strategies "Over the fìrst year or two, we will learn which aspects of water harvesting design and regulation are most important and which don't yield signi自cantresults,"

he says "Applying these lessons to jurisdictions with different rainfall

pa忧erns and plant palettes will save them years of experimentation." Other areas of the country have addressed water harvesting through mechanisms ranging from g山dance

manuals to regulations To get the word out, Councilmember Glassman has spoken at city council meetings in eight Arizona cities, walking elected officials through Tucson's process and emphasizing rainwater harvest-ing as a strategy to ma ke pota ble water conservation the rule rather than the

exception.o ANN AUOREY HAS WORKEO wrTH WATER HARVEST-

ING SINCE 1992; SHE 1S RRENTlY AN ENVIRON

-MENTAl CONSUlTANT