Tài liệu ôn thi THPT quốc gia môn tiếng anh 2016 cực hay (Phần 10 - Giả định cách - Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh)

That Should It + be + adj + that + sb + should do It + be + adj + that + sth + be + done • Một số tính từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, trong câu bắt buộc phải có that

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A Wish + to do / wish somebody something / wish somebody to do something

I wish to pass the entrance exam

I wish you happy birthday

I wish you to become a good teacher

Chú ý: trong trường hợp này, chúng ta có thể thay thế “wish” bằng “want” hoặc “would like”

I would like / want to speak to Ann

Câu mơ ước phải lùi một thì

B Wish (that)+ subject + past tense : thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong hiện tại, điều không có thật ở hiện tại

I don't know the answer I wish I knew the answer

I wish I knew his address (thật ra tôi không biết địa chỉ của anh ta)

I wish I had a car

I wish I were rich

Chú ý: trong câu “wish” không có thật ở hiện tại, dùng “were” nếu là động từ tobe cho tất cả các ngôi

C Wish (that) + subject + past perfect: thể hiện sự tiếc nuối trong quá khứ

I didn't go to his party I wish I had gone to his party

I wish I hadn’t spent so much money.(sự thực là tôi đã tiêu rất nhiều tiền)

I wish I had seen the film last night (sự thực là tôi không xem phim tối qua)

D A + wish (that) + B + would do something: phàn nàn hoặc muốn thay đổi tình huống hiện tại ( A, B là

hai người khác nhau)

I wish they would stop making noise

I wish it would stop raining hard in summer

I wish she could meet me next week

2 “If only” sentence: giá như…

A If only + present tense / future tense: diễn tả hi vọng trong tương lai

If only he comes in time = we hope he will come in time

If only he will listen to her = we hope he will be willing to listen to her

B If only + simple past: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở hiện tại

If only there were snow in summer We could go skiing

If only he would join our party

C If only + past perfect: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở quá khứ

If only the Bush government hadn’t spead war in Irak, million people there wouldn’t have been killed

D If only ….would do….= person A wish person B would do something

You are driving too dangerously If only you would drive slowly

= I wish you would drive slowly

3 “As if/as though” sentence

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A As if/as though + simple past: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở hiện tại

It’s very cold today It looks as if/as though it were autumn now.(thực ra bây giờ đang là mùa hè)

He isn't my father He is talking as if he were my father

B As if/as though + past perfect: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở quá khứ

The whole were seriously damaged It looks as if it had been destroyed by bombs (thực ra đó là do động

đất)

He talked as if he had gone to London

C As if/as though + present tense: mô tả hành động có thật

It looks as if it is going to rain (Trông trời như sắp mưa)

He appears running from a fierce dog

–> It looks as if he is running from a fierce dog

4 Other subjunctive structures

• It’s time somebody did something: đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì ở hiện tại

The exam is coming It’s time they worked hard

Chúng ta có thể dùng cấu trúc “It’s high time somebody did something” để nhấn mạnh hơn ý muốn nói

It’s high time we started

It was time sb had done

Ví dụ: It was time they had left for their office

• Person A would rather person B did something: đề nghị ai đó một cách lịch sự ở hiện tại

A: Would you mind if I smoke?

B: I’d rather you didn’t smoke

I 'd rather you didn't talk in class now

would rather sb had done sth:

I'd rather they had prepared more food last week

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES – SUBJUNCTIVE

Type 2, 3, Mixed

I work at night, so I can't attend evening classes

If I didn't work at night, I could attend evening classes

I didn't catch the plane I didn't meet him there

If I had caught the plane, I would have met him there

I didn't change my job I am poor now

If I had changed my job, I would be rich now

That Should

It + be + adj + that + sb + (should) do

It + be + adj + that + sth + be + done

• Một số tính từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, trong câu bắt buộc phải có that và động từ

sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ to: advised, necessary, recommended, important, obligatory /

mandatory (bắt buộc), required, imperative (=vital: quan trọng), proposed, suggested, important / crucial /

essential / vital (quan trọng), urgent, desirable

It is necessary that he find the books

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It was urgent that she leave at once

It has been suggested that income tax be abolished

It has been proposed that we change the topic

Lưu ý: Nếu muốn cấu tạo phủ định đặt not sau chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to

It is necessary that he not find the books

It has been proposed that we not change the topic

Nếu bỏ that đi thì chủ ngữ 2 sẽ biến thành tân ngữ sau giới từ for, động từ trở về dạng nguyên thể có to và

câu mất tính chất giả định trở thành dạng mệnh lệnh thức gián tiếp

It is necessary for him to find the books

It is necessary for him not to find the books

II Tài liệu đọc thêm

Dùng với động từ

Bảng sau là những động từ đòi hỏi mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định và trong câu bắt buộc phải

có that trong trường hợp đó

Động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể không chia bỏ to Nếu muốn thành lập thể phủ định đặt not sau

chủ ngữ 2 trước nguyên thể bỏ to

Subject + verb + that + S + [verb in simple form]

- Thí dụ:

The doctor suggested that his patient stop smoking

The doctor suggested that his patient not stop smoking

+ WE DEMAND THAT HE DO IT

+ THE PRESIDENT REQUESTS THAT YOU BE PRESENT AT THE MEETING

Trong ngữ pháp Anh-Anh trước động từ ở mệnh đề 2 thường có should, người Anh chỉ bỏ should khi sau

nó là động từ to be

Lưu ý:

- Câu giả định dùng với 2 loại trên thường được dùng trong các văn bản hoặc thư giao dịch diễn đạt lời

đề nghị từ phía A -> B mà không có tính bắt buộc

- Không chỉ có động từ và tính từ mới được dùng theo dạng này, tất cả các danh từ xuất phát từ những

động từ và tính từ trên đều buộc mệnh đề sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, nếu như nó diễn đạt các yếu tố trên

There is suggestion from the doctor that the patient stop smoking

It is recommendation that the vehicle owner be present at the court

* Những động từ có thể dùng SUBJUNCTIVE đằng sau hoặc có thể dùng trong cấu trúc ” Động từ + Đại

từ tân ngữ + Động từ nguyên mẫu có TO “:

ASK, ORDER, REQUIRE, URGE

- Thí dụ:

+ WE ASK THAT SHE BE PRESENT

+ WE ASK HER TO BE PRESENT

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Question 30: It is imperative what to do when there is a fire

Trong câu có tính từ imperative nằm trong danh sách các từ dùng hiện tại giả định nên mệnh đề đi sau

dùng should + nguyên mẫu hoặc nguyên mẫu Tương tự như câu:

It’s necessary that this parcel BE CHECKED before delivering

NECESSARY nằm trong cụm giả định “obligatory, proposed, required, advised, suggested,

necessary, recommended, mandatory, important, imperative, mandatory, proposed, suggested” nên

sau nó phải là BARE INF (1 dạng rất hay cho trong đề ĐH)

III Bài về nhà

Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks below with the correct form of the verb in parentheses Negative, passive

and continuous subjunctive forms are possible

1 It's important that she (remember) to take her medicine twice a day

2 I suggest that Frank (read) the directions carefully before assembling the bicycle He doesn't want the

wheels to fall off while he is riding down a hill

3 Mrs Finkelstein demanded that the heater (repair) immediately Her apartment was freezing

4 It's vital that the United States (focus) on improving its public education system What we do now will

affect our country for generations to come

5 The monk insisted that the tourists (enter) the temple until they had removed their shoes

6 I am not going to sit here and let her insult me I demand that she immediately (apologize) for what she

just said

7 Judy asked that we (attend) her graduation ceremony next week

8 Was it really necessary that (sit) I there watching you the entire time you were rehearsing for the play?

It was really boring watching you repeat the scenes over and over again

9 It is important to remember that Janine (think) very differently from you She may not agree to the

changes you have made in the organization of the company

10 It's a little difficult to find the restaurant I propose that we all (drive) together so that nobody gets lost

along the way

11 The woman insisted that the lost child (take) to store's information desk so his parents could be

paged

12 The nutritionist recommended that Sally (reduce) her daily fat intake

13 The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the people of the city (allow) to voice

their concerns over the new hotel being built on the bay

14 She told me that the government (regulate) the airline industry I don't know if that is true

15 The sign at the pool recommended that you (swim) after eating a large meal

16 It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) the summing pool while the children are taking their

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swimming lessons

17 The sun is scorching today I suggest you (put) on sunblock immediately before you get a sun burn

18 John insists that Sarah (invite) to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend

19 I think it's an interesting fact that she (come) from Estonia

20 It is imperative that the world (work) towards a solution to global warming before the weather

patterns of the world are disrrupted irreparably

Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks below with the correct form of the verb in parentheses

1 Alice didn't get a good grade She wishes she (work) harder

2 Tom likes football very much He wishes he (become) a professional football player

3 He was running very fast when he had a heart attack If only he (not/run) so fast

4 She's keen on computers She wishes she (study) computer science next school year

5 I am sorry I don’t know how to use the computer If only I (know) how to use it

6 I stayed late at work and missed the last bus I wish I (stay) at work late

7 I wish I (talk) to him yesterday

8 I need help badly If only you (can) help me

9 My old car often breaks down I wish I (buy) a new car

10 He didn't pass the exam If only he (work) hard

11 She was absent I wish she (attend) the conference

12 What a beautiful house! I wish I (have) a house like this one

13 I wish I (be) rich I would buy a farm and enjoy the calm of the countryside

14 They had that bad accident because they were careless If only they (be) more careful

15 We saw the film I wish you (see) it with us It was an amazing evening

16 I like traveling around the world If only I (have) time to realize my dream

KEY

Exercise 1

Hướng dẫn một số câu khó:

Question 5 Explanation:

Trong câu giả định với động từ ''insist'' , mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định, bắt buộc có that và động từ sau

chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ “to”.Ở dạng phủ định là ''not'' + V nguyên thể không có " to"

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Question 8 Explanation:

Trong câu giả định, sau các tính từ ''necessary'', mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định, bắt buộc có'' that '' và động

từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ “to” Trong câu mệnh đề biểu thị tiếp diễn thì theo cấu trúc : ''It’s

+ adj + that + S2 + be + V-ing''

Question 9 Explanation:

Câu giả định với tính từ '' important'' loại bỏ '' that'' nên động từ sau chủ ngữ hai phải chia theo chủ ngữ

chính trong câu, mà chủ ngữ chính trong câu là ngôi thứ 3 số ít nên động từ không thể chia dạng nguyên

thể

Question 12 Explanation:

It’s + N phrase (a/an + adj + N) + that clause (S2 + V2 + O), thì đông từ 2 được chia theo chủ ngữ 2 Đây

không phải cấu trúc giả định

Exercise 2

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GIẢ ĐỊNH CÁCH (SUBJUNCTIVE) – PHẦN 2

I Bài tập chữa trong video

Ex 1: Present Subjunctive

Choose the most appropriate answer

1 I demand that he ……… immediately

2 I suggested that she ……… her lawyer before signing the contract

3 It is necessary that everything ……… ready by two o'clock tomorrow

4 They recommend that she ……… to a ski resort in Spain

5 It is advisable that you ……… your application as soon as possible

A submit B will submit C will have submitted D should have submitted

6 He decided to go inside the haunted house, ………what may

7 It is strange that he so upset about such a trifle, isn't it?

8 The doctor insisted that she ……… at the hospital

9 She suggested that we ……… in the lobby of the hotel at 9:00 a.m

Ex 2: Conditionals

Choose the most appropriate answer

1 I like this coat If it ………cheaper, I would buy it

2 If I ……… you, I would call him

3 She would write to him if she ………… his address

4 Even if I had enough money, I ………… buy this car

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5 What would happen if someone ………… this button accidentally?

6 What would you do if you ………… a million dollars?

7 If I had a bicycle, I ………… for a ride with you

8 I hope she ………… mind if I stayed here

9 ………… Mrs Green call, tell her I'll be back around four o'clock

10 She would be disappointed if we ………… her a present

Ex 3: Conditionals

Choose the most appropriate answer

1 If I ………… her telephone number, I would have called her

2 If he ………… harder, he would have passed his exams

3 If he ………… us, we wouldn't have finished our work so quickly

A hasn't helped B didn't help C hadn't helped D wouldn't help

4 If I ………… enough money, I could have stayed at a five-star hotel during my vacation

9 If you had asked him, he ………… able to help you

5 They ………… for a picnic yesterday if the weather had been warmer

6 It ………… if he had been more attentive

A did not happen B had not happened C would not happen D wouldn't have happened

7 If he hadn't been so busy at work last week, he …………more time with his children

8 We were terribly late If we had taken a taxi instead of a bus, we ………… on time

10 ………… I known his true intentions, I would not have allowed him to stay in my house

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Ex 4: Wishes

Choose the most appropriate answer

1 He likes to swim He wishes he ………… near the sea

2 It's cold today I wish it ………… warmer

3 I wish I ………… the answer, but I don't

4 She wishes she ………… blue eyes

5 She wishes she ………… a movie star

6 I have to work on Sunday I wish I ………… have to work on Sunday

7 I wish you …………borrow my things without permission

8 He wishes he ………… buy a new car

9 She misses him She wishes he ………… her a letter

10 I wish I ………… help you

Ex 5: Wishes

Choose the most appropriate answer

1 She didn't come to his birthday party yesterday He wishes she …………

2 I said that her cooking was terrible I wish I ………… that

A didn't say B hadn't said C wouldn't say D wouldn't have said

3 Her new car consumes a lot of gas She wishes she ………… a different car

4 Their trip to China was very interesting I wish I …………there with them

5 Our picnic was a lot of fun I wish the weather ………… warmer, though

6 He enjoyed talking to them He wished they ………… so quickly

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7 Several companies had vacancies for college graduates He wished he …………to college

8 They disagree on everything and fight all the time They wish they ………… married

A didn't get B hadn't got C wouldn't get D wouldn't have got

9 He didn't visit her yesterday, but he wishes he …………

10 He did it again, but I wish he …………

Ex 6: Real or Unreal

Real or unreal? Indicative Mood or Subjunctive Mood? Choose the most appropriate answer

1 They treat her as if she ………… their daughter

2 Take an umbrella It looks as if it …………rain

A is going to B was going to C were going to D might be

3 She described that place as if she ………… it before

4 Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? – Well, I'd rather………… a new TV show

5 It is time you ………… a better job

6 It's high time he ………… smoking

7 I'm going shopping If I ………… enough money left, I'll buy a couple of toys for you

8 If I ………… a chance to see her again, maybe I could explain everything

9 If only I ………… how to find her now!

10 Suppose he ………… elected last year Do you think he would have approved this project?

II Bài về nhà

Exercise 1

Part A Use the word "that" to begin a clause after the verb

Examples: I asked them to be quiet / The thief told her to give him the money

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I asked that they be quiet / The thief demanded that she give him the money

1 She asked him to fix the computer

She requested _

2 Sandra wanted the post office to hold onto her mail

Sandra asked _

3 The judge told the lawyer to be quiet

The judge insisted _

4 My supervisor said it would be a good idea for me to accept this new position

8 " Can you work this weekend?" Sue's boss asked (Sue is a woman.)

Sue's boss asked _

9 "Stop drinking so much!" Bill's wife told him

Bill's mother demanded

10 "Take a vacation," our boss told us

Our boss insisted _

Exercise 2 Choose the correct answer for each question

1 I don't understand this point of grammar I wish I it better

A understood B would understand C had understood

2 It never stops raining here I wish it raining

A stopped B would stop C had stopped

3 I should never have said that I wish I that

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A didn't say B wouldn't say C hadn't said

4 I miss my friends I wish my friends here right now

A were B would be C had been

5 I speak terrible English I wish I English well

A spoke B would speak C had spoken

6 I cannot sleep The dog next door is making too much noise I wish it quiet

A kept B would keep C had kept

7 This train is very slow The earlier train was much faster I wish I the earlier train

A caught B would catch C had caught

8 I didn't see the TV programme but everybody said it was excellent I wish I it

A saw B would see C had seen

9 I went out in the rain and now I have a bad cold I wish I out

A didn't go B wouldn't go C hadn't gone

10 This movie is terrible I wish we to see another one

A went B would go C had gone

11 I hate living in England It's cold and it's damp I wish I in Spain

A lived B would live C had lived

12 I love California I wish I there right now

A were B would be C had been

13 My car is too small I wish I a bigger one

A had B would have C had had

14 I was only in Miami for a week I wish I more time there but I had to go on to New York

A had B would have C had had

15 My face is bright red I wish I in the sun so long yesterday

A didn't sit B wouldn't sit C hadn't sat

16 It was supposed to be a secret I wish you him

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A didn't tell B wouldn't tell C hadn't told

17 They didn't offer me the job I wish they it to me

A offered B would offer C had offered

18 You're always moaning about something or other I wish you

A shut up B would shut up C had shut up

19 I hate having red hair I wish I blonde hair

A had B would have C had had

20 This exercise is very boring I wish the teacher us some more interesting things to do

A gave B would give C had given

KEY

Exercise 1

Part A

1 She requested that he fix the computer

2 Sandra asked that the post office hold onto her mail

3 The judge insisted that the lawyer be quiet

4 My supervisor suggested that I accept this new position

5 I suggested that he fix it himself

Part B

6 John demanded that the clerk give him a refund

7 Tom requested that I help him move some boxes

8 Sue's boss asked that she work this weekend

9 Bill's mother demanded that he stop drinking so much

10 Our boss insisted that we take a vacation

Exercise 2

1 A 2 B 3 C 4 A 5 A 6 B 7 C 8 C 9 C 10 C 11 A 12 A 13 A

14 C 15 C 16 C 17 C 18 B 19 A 20 B

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Đảo ngữ (P1)

Trong tiếng Anh,một số trạng từ, cụm trạng từ phủ định phần lớn dùng với các ngữ cảnh phủ định.Những

trạng từ, cụm trạng từ này có thể được nhấn mạnh bằng cách đặt ở đầu câu hay mệnh đề và theo sau là

sự đảo ngược động từ Cách đảo động từ giống như cách cấu tạo câu hỏi (trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt)

Sau đây là những loại câu nhấn mạnh dùng đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh

He is tall  I am, too= So am I

He isn’t tall I am not, either = Neither am I

I don’t like him Nor do I = Neither do I

I don’t like him, nor do I hate him: Tôi không thích anh ta và cũng không ghét anh ta

I Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT

No + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf)

Not any + Noun + Auxiliary + S + Verb ( inf)

I won’t lend you any money from now on

 Not any/No money will I lend you from now on

Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy

II Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định NEVER ( không bao giờ, chưa bao giờ) , RARELY ( ít

khi), SELDOM ( hiếm khi), LITTLE ( hầu như không), HARDLY EVER ( hầu như không

bao giờ)

Never Rarely Seldom + Auxiliary + S + verb ( inf) Little Hardly ever

She has never seen such a beautiful house in her life

 Never in her life has she seen such a beautiful picture

I seldom listen to Rock music

 Seldom do I listen to Rock music

He hardly ever speaks in the public

 Hardly ever does he speak in the public

There was no precedent for the King’s resignation

 Never before had any King resigned

This is the first time I have seen such an interesting film

 Never before have I seen such an interesting film

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The way so much money has been spent on so little purpose must be a record

 Never before has so much money been spent on so little purpose

III Đảo ngữ với ONLY:

Only once ( chỉ một lần)

Only later ( chỉ sau này)

Only in this way ( chỉ bằng cách này)

Only in that way ( chỉ bằng cách đó)

Only then ( chỉ khi ấy) + Auxiliary + S + verb ( inf)

Only after + Noun/ V-ing/clause ( chỉ sau khi)

Only by + noun/ V-ing ( chỉ bằng cách)

Only when + clause ( chỉ khi)

Only if + clause ( chỉ nếu)

Only with + Noun ( chỉ với)

Only in + adverb of time/ place ( chỉ vào/ chỉ ở)

Only once have I met her

Only in this way can we succeed

Only then did I realize that I had left my purpose at home

Only when I arrived at the airport, did I realize that I had left my passport at home

Only after a twelve hour-wait, did my flight leave

Only after posting the letter, did I realize that I had forgotten to put on a stamp

Only if you practice English at least 2 hours a day can you master it

Only by practicing English at least 2 hours a day can you master it

Only with a big sum of money can you buy a house in Hanoi

Only in April is there this kind of flower

IV Đảo ngữ với các cụm giới từ có NO:

At no time ( chưa từng bao giờ…)

On no account ( Với bất cứ lý do gì cũng không…) + Auxiliary+ S + Verb (inf)

On no condition ( tuyệt đối không…)

Under/In no circumstances (Trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không…)

For no reason ( không vì lý do gì)

In no way ( không còn cách nào)

No longer ( không còn)

The outcome of the election was never in doubt

 At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt

You mustn’t touch the switch on any account

 On no account must you touch the switch

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For no reason must you play truant

He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day

No longer does he smoke 20 cigarettes a day

He never suspected that she was a witch

At no time did he suspect that she was a witch

The money is not to be paid under any circumstances

Under no circumstances is the money to be paid

V Bài tập

Rewrite the sentence

1 A country can’t be prosperous if it’s not quite independent

Only when

2 You can drive a car only after you obtain a driving licence

Only after

3 They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left

Only after a twelve hours wait

4 He never suspected that money had been stolen

9 We only dispatch goods after receiving the money

Only after the money

10 I rarely buy any other papers

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KEY

1 Only when a country is independent can it be prosperous

2 Only after obtaining a driving license, can you drive a car

3 Only after a twelve hours wait did their flight leave

4 At no time did he suspect that money had been stolen

5 Only later did he recognize that he had been deceived

6 Never have I seen such a house

7 Not once has our neighbor invited us into his home

8 Under no circumstances should you phone the police

9 Only after the money has been received will we dispatch

10 Rarely do I buy any other papers

11 Never does he buy a paper without reading the whole thing

12 Seldom do we have enough time to read

13 Hardly will she ever read the editorials

14 At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt

15 So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately

16 Seldom do you find reunited twins who do not get on well together

17 There were many reasons for the choice

18 Beside the roadside stood a horse

19 Only by practicing English everyday can you make progress in it

20 Never before have I heard such an extraordinary story

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Đảo ngữ (P2)

Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely… When/before ( Vừa mới ….thì…)

No sooner + had + S + P2 + than + clause

Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely + Auxiliary + S + V + when/before + clause

I had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang

 No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang

I had hardly arrived home when the phone rang

Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang

Ví dụ:

1/ He got down to writing the letter as soon as he returned from his walk

No sooner had he returned from his walk than He got down to writing the letter

2/She just had time to put up her umbrella before the rain came down in torrents

No sooner had she put up her umbrella than the rain came down in torrents

3/She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her

Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her

4/ Someone rang the alarm as soon as the burglars left the building

No sooner had the burglars left the building than Someone rang the alarm

5/ Tear gas was released as soon as the thieves touched the safe

No sooner had the thieves touched the safe than Tear gas was released

6/ Immediately after his appointment to the post, the new editor fell ill

No sooner had he been appointment to the post than the editor fell ill

7/ I had hardly put the phone down when the boss rang back

Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back

8/ She had hardly begun her performance when the light went out

No sooner had she begun her performance than the light went out

Not until/till ( then/ later) Not until/till + Clause + Au + S + V Then/later/ Adv of time

He couldn’t speak until he was 8

 Not until he was 8, could he speak = It was not until he was 8 that he could speak

Not until I got home, did I know that I had lost my keys

= It was not until I got home that I knew that I had lost my keys

He forgot about the gun until he got to the police station

Not until he got to the Police Station, did he remember about the gun

He didn’t return to his country until last June

Not till did he return to his country until last June

Nowhere + Auxi + S + V

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You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones

Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones

Nowhere can you find your wallet

Nowhere in the world is the climate as rough as that in the North Pole

Nowhere do I feel as comfortable as I do at home

a/ Đảo ngữ với SO: So + adj/adv + Au + S + that + clause

He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch

So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch

The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night

So popular is the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night

It is so hot that you can fry an egg on the pavement

So hot is it that you can fry an egg on the pavement

Her grief was so great that she almost fainted

So great was her grief that she almost fainted

b/ Đảo ngữ với SUCH: Such + Be + Noun + that + clause

The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night

Such is the popularity of the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night

She is so beautiful that I can’t take my eyes off her

Such is her beauty that I can’t take my eyes off her

Her grief is so great that she almost fainted

 Such is her grief that she almost fainted

He was so intelligent that he could answer all the questions in “ Who wants to become a millionaire?”

Such was his intelligence that he could answer all the questions in “ Who wants to become a millionaire?”

V Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện (Inversion in Conditional Sentences)

Trong câu điều kiện ta chỉ thực hiện đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề với If (If clause) Với mỗi loại câu điều kiện,

ta có từng cách đảo ngữ riêng

a Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại I (type I)

If+S +(should)+ V  Should + S + Vinfinitive

If he comes, I’ll call the police

Should he come, I’ll call the police

b Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại II (type II)

* Câu có động từ "to be": If + S + were  Were + S

I f I were you, I wouldn't do that

Were I you, I wouldn't do that

* Câu dùng động từ thường: If + S + Ved/irregular verb  Were + S + to Vinfinitive

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If I knew Portuguese, I’d speak to Ronando

Were I to know Portuguese, I’d speak to Ronando

c Câu điều kiện loại III (type III) If + S + had Ved2  Had + S + P2

If I hadn’t seen it with my own eyes, I would n't have believed it

Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it

Notes: Với những câu điều kiện phủ định, khi đảo ngữ ta để NOT sau chủ ngữ

VI Đảo ngữ sau các cụm trạng từ chỉ phương hướng và vị trí: ( Inversion after adverbial phrases

of direction and place)

Khi câu bắt đầu bằng một cụm trạng từ, đặc biệt là trạng từ chỉ phương hướng và vị trí thì nội động từ thường

được đảo lên trước chủ ngữ Cách đảo ngữ này được sử dụng đặc biệt trong văn phong trang trọng ( formal)

hoặc văn chương ( literary)

Here comes the train

Above the fireplace was a portrait of Lenin

On the table sat the cat

Up went the price

In an armchair sat his mother

Notes:

 Động từ TO BE thường được sử dụng trong dạng đảo ngữ này, ngoài ra ta còn dùng các

động từ chuyển động như” climb, come, fly,go, hang, lie, run, sit, stand…

 Thường chỉ dùng dạng đảo ngữ này khi động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn giản

 Trong trường hợp đảo ngữ này, không sử dụng trợ động từ như trong câu hỏi mà dùng trực

tiếp động từ đặt trước chủ ngữ

 Không thực hiện đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là đại từ

 Không dùng : In an armchair sat she

* Emphasizing form:

Come in, please  Do come in, please

I went out last night  I did go out last night

It is/ was + Emphatic part + that + clause + Verb

Shakespeare wrote Hamlet  It was Shakespeare that wrote Hamlet

VII Bài tập

Turn the following into inverted sentences

1 The matter could be explained in no other way

2 We had hardly started when it began to rain

3 I have seldom heard such beautiful singing

4 I shall never forget your kindness

5 I saw only then the danger we were in

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6 We had no sooner left the house than it exploded

7 He didn't realize that he had lost the key till he got home

8 They not only robbed you, they smashed everything

9 Half a dozen apples fell down

10 If an emergency should arise, dial 999

11 If Rex were a little more hard-working, he would not fail

12 If Mr Chan had been kinder to his employees, his business would not have collapsed

13 She had never been so disappointed before

14 I have never known such a generous person

15 I have never seen such a mess in my life

16 Public borrowing has seldom been so high

17 They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony

18 They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success

19 The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent

20 I had hardly begun to apologize when the door closed

21 The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property

22 The couple had no sooner arrived than the priest started the ceremony

23 Tom only understood the meaning of the comment when he saw his wife's face

24 The restaurant cannot accept animals under any circumstances

25 The artist rarely paid any attention to his agent's advice

26 He bought so many books that he couldn't read them all

27 It was such a boring speech that I got sleepy

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KEY

1 In no way could the matter be explained

2 Hardly had we started when it began to rain

3 Seldom have I heard such beautiful singing

4 Never shall I forget your kindness

5 Only after the danger did I see we were in

6 No sooner had we left the house than it exploded

7 Not until he got home did he realize that he had lost the key

8 Not only did they rob you, they smashed everything

9 Down fell haft a dozen apples

10 Should an emergency arise, dial 999

11 Were Rex a little more hardworking, he would not fail

12 Had Mr Chan been kinder to his employees, his business would not have collapsed

13 Never had she been so disappointed before

14 Never have I known such a generous person

15 Never have I seen such a mess in my life

16 Seldom has public borrowing been so high

17 Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony

18 Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success

19 Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent

20 Hardly had I begun to apologize when the door closed

21 In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers’ lost property

22 No sooner had the couple arrived than the priest started the ceremony

23 Only when Tom saw his wife’s face did he understand the meaning of the comment

24 Under no circumstances can the restaurant accept animals

25 Rarely did the artist pay any attention to his agent’s advice

26 So many books did he buy that he couldn't read them all

27 Such was a boring speech that I got sleepy