Dạng câu hỏi thường gặp trong các bài đọc hiểu thi Đại học là câu hỏi tìm nghĩa tương đương của một TỪ trong đoạn văn.. for entertainment Mặc dù câu hỏi không hỏi trực tiếp, nhưng ta cũ
Trang 1So với các bài đọc thi tốt nghiệp thì các bài đọc hiểu trong bài thi hệ phân ban
và thi Đại học có cấp độ khó hơn Sau đây là những gợi ý giúp bạn “thoát hiểm” với các câu hỏi khó và các “bẫy” thường gặp.
(I) Bài giảng:
1 Dạng câu hỏi thường gặp trong các bài đọc hiểu thi Đại học là câu hỏi tìm nghĩa tương đương của một TỪ trong đoạn văn Học sinh thường gặp khó khăn trong việc chọn đáp án vì có những từ có nghĩa gần nhau hoặc có nhiều từ là từ mới Để làm tốt các câu này, bạn nên xem xét kỹ mối quan hệ của từ cần tìm nghĩa với các
từ, cụm từ xung quanh.
Ví dụ 1:
Television is one of the main subjects of conversation, at school, in offices, at home and in the street, as well as being written about in all the newspapers.
At school or in offices, television is considered as a topic .
A for learning B for people to talk about
C for discussion D for entertainment
Mặc dù câu hỏi không hỏi trực tiếp, nhưng ta cũng thấy rằng điều mấu chốt của
câu hỏi trên nằm ở nghĩa của từ conversation Trong 4 phương án thì “(a topic) for
people to talk about” là cách diễn đạt có ý gần nhất và đây cũng chính là đáp án đúng.
Ví dụ 2:
Holding your head to one side shows interest in the other, while an
easy, open posture indicates that you are self-confident.
What does the word "open" in the passage most closely mean?
A Unrestrained B Relaxed C Confined D Unlimited
Dựa vào cụm từ xung quanh, ta thấy rằng từ open phải mô tả một tư thế khiến
người khác nghĩ rằng bạn rất tự tin Trong 4 phương án trên unrestrained (không kiềm chế), relaxed (thoải mái), confined (giới hạn), unlimited (không giới hạn) thì
chỉ có relaxed phù hợp về nghĩa mặc dù nếu không nằm ngữ cảnh thì hai từ này
chẳng có mối liên hệ nào.
Trang 22 Nếu muốn tìm thông tin là ngày tháng (date), hãy nhìn thật nhanh vào các con
số, các chữ cái viết hoa, các dấu phẩy, các tên tháng, ngày và con số Ví dụ:
“In 1945 the town’s population was 176,214 and in 1975 it was 200,842 By
December 1985 the population had grown to 250, 562.”
When was the latest population count taken? .
A In 1945.
B In 1975.
C In 1985.
D In 2000.
Trong câu hỏi trên, ta phải tập trung vào các con số chỉ năm 1945, 1975 và 1985
Và con số gần đây nhất về dân số chắc chắn là được tính vào năm 1985.
3 Nếu muốn tìm một thông số, hay một sự kiện, hãy chú ý các dấu câu, đặc biệt là các dấu khác thường như %, dấu hiệu đơn vị tiền tệ như $ hoặc những từ viết in
nghiêng như like, các từ gạch chân hoặc các từ đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép (“”) Hãy
xét ví dụ sau:
“The rainfall in the city is usually 16 inches per year, but in 1979 the rainfall was a record setting 20 inches Therefore, about 20% fewer tourists came to visit the city than usual.
Because of the drop in the tourist trade, the city lost $100,000 in business owing to the rain.” How much money did the city lost?
A 16 inches
B 20 inches
C 20%
D $100,000
Không khó khăn gì ta có thể tìm ra câu trả lời chính là $100,000 nhờ có dấu hiệu $ (đô la Mỹ) Và nếu nhìn nhanh và hiểu chính xác câu hỏi, bạn sẽ chỉ mất vài tích tắc cho câu hỏi này.
4 Một kiểu “bẫy” nữa tương đối phổ biến với những mức độ khó khác nhau là những câu hỏi về cách diễn đạt tương đương Điều này không chỉ yêu cầu bạn cần
có óc phân tích tổng hợp trong phạm vi từ, cụm từ mà thậm chí còn phải liên hệ giữa các câu và các đoạn Hãy xem các ví dụ dưới đây:
Ví dụ 1:
Trang 3Newcastle is on the bank of the River Tyne There is a cathedral and a university Newcastle is next to Gateshead The main industries used to be shipbuilding and coalmining, but now the chemical and soap industries are important I miss the people, who are very friendly, and I miss the beautiful countryside near the city, where there are so many hills and streams.
Which of the following is NOT true about Newcastle?
A Its people are friendly.
B Its main industry now is shipbuilding.
C It has a cathedral and a university.
D It is next to Gateshead.
Ta xét từng đáp án như sau: phương án C và D đã có trong bài, mặt khác, thông
qua đại từ quan hệ who đứng trước the people (who are very friendly), ta cũng
thấy rằng phương án A là một đặc điểm của Newscatle Shipbuilding trong B cũng
có trong đoạn, tuy nhiên với cụm từ used to ta hiểu rằng thông tin phía sau chỉ một
việc đã từng xảy ra ở quá khứ nay không còn tồn tại nữa Và ngành công nghiệp
chính của Newcastle nay là chemical and soap industries chứ không phải
là shippbulding nữa nên B là đáp án đúng.
Ví dụ 2:
Also, a stranger may remind you of a meeting with someone This may be
because of something as simple as the fact that he or she is physically similar to someone who treated you well or badly Your feelings about a stranger could be influenced by a smell in the air that brings to mind a place where you were happy
as a child Since even a single word can bring back a memory such as that, you may never realize it is happening.
What one feels about a stranger may be influenced by something that
A strengthens one's past behaviours
B reminds one of one's past treatment
C revives one's past memories
D points to one's childhood
Trang 4Thoạt nhìn, học sinh thường chọn đáp án B vì thấy xuất hiện từ remind giống
trong bài Tuy nhiên, đây là một câu “bẫy” rất thú vị Ta không thể chọn “reminds one of one's past treatment” vì cụm đó có nghĩa là người nói nhớ về cách cư xử của chính mình còn đoạn văn lại nói về những ký ức về cách cư xử của người khác với
tác giả Vì vậy, C revives one's past memories mới là đáp án đúng.
Ví dụ 3:
In the 1950s, for instance, only 20 percent of American jobs were classified as professional, 20 percent as skilled, and 60 percent as unskilled Today, our world has changed The proportion of unskilled jobs has fallen to 20 percent, while
skilled jobs now account for at least 60 percent of the workforce.
The passage shows the percentage of jobs that require higher training in the US between the 1950s and now.
A has remained the same B has changed dramatically
C has been reversed D has changed slightly
Trong câu hỏi trên, phương án A và D bị loại vì sai ý hoàn toàn Phương án C có nghĩa là tỉ lệ đã bị đảo ngược Rất nhiều học sinh chọn phương án này vì nghĩ rằng
tỉ lệ đã cho trong bài là 20%-60% bị đảo thành 60%-20% Tuy nhiên, câu hỏi của
ta lại chỉ đề cập đến đến “higher training”, vì vậy từ reversed ở đây không hợp lý
Ta phải rút ra một nhận định là số phần trăm đó đã tăng mạnh và B mới là phương
án đúng.
(II) Đề mẫu (Sample):
When we were in England last year, I went fishing with my friend, Peter Early in the morning we were sitting quietly by the side of a lake when we had an
unpleasant surprise We saw a duck come along with three ducklings paddling cheerfully behind her As we watched them, there was a sudden swirl in the water
We caught a glimpse of the vicious jaws of a pike – a fish which is rather like a freshwater shark – and one of the ducklings was dragged below the surface.
This incident made Peter furious He vowed to catch the pike On three successive mornings we returned to the vicinity and used several different kinds of bait On the thirs day Peter was lucky Using an artificial frog as bait, he managed to hook the monster There was a desperate fight but Peter wa determined to capture the pike and he succeeded When he had got it ashore and killed it, he weighed the fish and found that it scaled nearly thirty pounds – record for that district.
1 Why do you think Peter was sitting quietly by the lake?
A He was watching the ducks.
Trang 5B He wasn’t very talkative.
C He was waiting for the pike to appear.
D He was fishing.
2 Which word in the passage suggests that the duckling were unaware of the danger below them?
A three
B along
C paddling
D cheerfully
3 What was Peter’s feelings about the incident two days later?
A He caught and killed the pike.
B He remained determined to catch the pike.
C He vowed that he would catch the remaining ducklings.
D He caught a frog and used it as bait for the pike.
4 How much was the pike worth?
A About thirty pounds.
B About two hundred and forty dollars.
C It scaled nearly thirsty pounds.
D No information.
5 What can be the title of the passage?
A Mysterious disappearance of ducklings.
B Revenge on a duck.
C Record pike caught by an angry fisherman.
D Huge pike caught by fisherman after desperate struggle at sea.
Đáp án:
1 Key: D
Giải thích: Trong đoạn có câu “I went fishing with my friend, Peter” nên ta hiểu rằng Peter đang ngồi bên hồ câu cá Do vậy D là đáp án đúng.
Trang 62 Key: D
Giải thích: Trong 4 phương án trên thì từ cheerfully (vui vẻ, phấn khởi) có nghĩa phù hợp nhất vì chỉ khi không nhận ra mối hiểm nguy đang rình rập thì những chú vịt con mới bơi và đùa nghịch một cách vui vẻ như thế.
3 Key: B
Giải thích: Phương án A và D loại vì chúng không nói đến cảm xúc (feelings) Phương án C miêu tả cảm xúc của Peter ngay hôm nhìn thấy mấy chú vịt chứ không phải hai hôm sau Vậy theo phương pháp loại trừ, ta có thể chọn phương án B.
4 Key: D
Giải thích: Câu hỏi trên rất dễ gây nhầm lẫn vì từ “pound” vừa là đơn vị khối lượng vừa là đơn vị tiền tệ của Anh Câu hỏi trên hỏi về trị giá của con cá nhưng đoạn văn chỉ nhắc đến cân nặng của con cá mà thôi Do vậy, D là đáp án đúng.
5 Key: C
Giải thích: Tất cả các yếu tố trong 4 phương án trên đều có trong bài Tuy nhiên, A không hợp lý vì sự biến mất của vịt con đã rõ ràng (do cá pike ăn), B không phải là đáp án vì không có mối thù hằn nào trong bài, D cũng sai vì Peter bắt cá ở ao chứ không phải ở biển Peter đã bắt được con cá được ghi vào kỷ lục vì một lần giận giữ nên C chính là đáp án.
Trang 7KỲ THI THPT QUỐC GIA NĂM 2015
ĐỀ THỰC HÀNH SỐ 38
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced
differently from the others
Question 1 A: practised B: wasted C: attacked D: looked
Question 2 A: contain B: feature C: picture D: culture
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the rest in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3 A: overwhelming B: intellectual C: incredible D : optimistic
Question 4 A: incidence B: tendency C: difference D: importance
Question 5 A: bamboo B: cactus C: camel D: hummock
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part is pronounced
differently from the others
Question 6 Chaplin was a comedian was best known for his work in silent movies.
Question 7 I’m terrified breaking down on a motorway at night.
Question 8 The pop star when the lights .
A: was singing/went out B: sang/were going out
C: was singing/were going out D: sang/went out
Question 9 to the school is by examination only.
Question 10 Scandinavia consists of four countries One is Denmark, are Finland,
Norway and Sweden
Question 11 I wish you complaining about the weather.
stopped
Question 12 She got up early; otherwise she her bus.
A: would miss B: would have missed C: had missed D: missed
Question 13 There is nobody in in this apartment for two years.
Question 14 he tried, his father didn’t let him run the company.
A: Although hard B: No matter what C: However hard D: Whatever hard
Question 15 When I came to his house, I didn’t see him He
C: might have been away D: must be absent
Question 16 To our surprise, the so-called cheap shop was was expected.
A: as twice as expensive B: expensive as twice as
C: twice as expensive as D: as expensive as twice
Trang 8Question 17 We bought some .
A: old lovely German glasses B: German old lovely glasses
C: German lovely old glasses D: lovely old German glasses
Question 18 “Congratulations on your new home! It’s wonderful”
“ ”
Question 19 As well as in an office he used to have a part-time as a waiter.
A: having worked B: working C: to have worked D: to work
Question 20 will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
A: At any time B: At no time C: At a time D: At one time
Question 21 “I'd like to change some money.” “ ”
A: Five tens, please B: What's your account number? C: Which currency? D: You haven't signed it
Question 22 She was disappointed when she learned that she was turned down for
the post
Question 23 I was just about the office when the telephone rang.
A: to have left B: leave D: to leave C: leaving
Question 24 “Thank you for your lovely dinner You are an excellent cook.” “
”
A: I’m glad you like it You must come again
B: No, thanks I’ll have to try more
C: No I’m not My sister cooks better than me
D: Yes, right I often cook in my family
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions.
Question 25 Joggers who begin running without warming up could sustain a muscle injury.
Question 26 American Indian cultures differ markedly from one another in language and in
life-style
A: by degrees B: historically C: regionally D:
significantly
Question 27 The province of British Columbia offers visitors breathtaking views of the
Canadian Rocky Mountains
altitude
Question 28: In the early days of baseball, the game was played by young men of means and
social
position
A with ambition B with money C with skill D with equipment
Question 29: Though many scientific breakthroughs have resulted from mishaps, it has taken
brilliant thinkers to recognize their potential
A misunderstandings B accidents C misfortunes D incidentals
Trang 9Mark the letter A, B, C,or D to show the underlined part that needs correction.
Question 30: Whether life in the countryside is better than that in the city depend on each
individual’s point of view
D
Question 31: There are many different ways of comparing the economy of one nation
with those of another
Question 32: Mining over 2,000 years ago , copper is one of the earliest known metals.
Question 33: It is important that cancer is diagnosed and treated as early as possible in order to
A B C
assure a successful cure
D
Question 34: The cars in garage were badly in need of to be repaired
A B C D
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks
Every ten minutes, one kind of animal, plant or insect dies (1) for ever If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become (2) twenty years from now
The seas are in (3) They are being filled with poison: industrial and nuclear (4) , chemical fertilizers and pesticides, sewage The Mediterranean is already nearly dead: the North Sea is following If nothing is done about it, one day soon nothing will be able to live
in the seas
The tropical rain forests, which are the (5) of half the earth’s living things (including many rare animals and plants), are being destroyed If nothing is done about it, they will have disappeared in twenty years The (6) on the world’s climate – and on our agriculture and food supplies – will be disastrous
Fortunately, somebody is trying to do something about it In 1961, the World Wildlife Fund was (7) – a small group of people who wanted to raise money to save animals and plants from extinction
Today, the World Wildlife Fund is a large international organization It has raised over $35 million for conservation projects, and has created or given (8) to National Parks in five continents It has helped 30 mammals and birds – including the tiger – to (9) Perhaps this is not much, but it is a start If more people give more money – and if more governments wake up to what is happening – perhaps the World Wildlife Fund will be able to help us to avoid
the disaster that (10) the natural world, and all of us will be with it
Trang 10Question 35: A off B over C all D out
Question 36: A: extinct B: invalid C: distinct D: extinguish
Question 37 A: danger B: death C: despair D: debt
Question 38 A: waste B: essence C: mixture D: rubbish
Question 39 A: home B: origin C: container D: house
Question 40 A: result B: motivation C: impression D: effect
Question 41 A: fixed B: funded C: found D: founded
Question 42 A: defence B: support C: rescue D:
preservation
Question 43 A: survive B: endure C: prolong D: continue
Question 44 A: occurs B: pollutes C: suffers D: threatens
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
Swine influenza (also called swine flu, hog flu and pig flu) is an infection of a host animal by any one of several specific types of microscopic organisms called “swine influenza virus” A swine influenza virus (SIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is usually hosted
by (is endemic in) pigs As of 2009, the known SIV strains are the influenza C virus and the subtypes of the influenza A virus known as H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2 and H2N3 Swine influenza is common in pigs in the mid-western United States (and occasionally in other states), Mexico, Canada, South America, Europe (including the UK, Sweden and Italy), Kenya,
Mainland China, Taiwan, Japan and other parts of eastern Asia
Transmission of swine influenza virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always cause human influenza, often only resulting in the production of antibodies in the blood The
meat of the animal poses no risk of transmitting the virus when properly cooked If transmission
does cause human influenza, it is called zoonotic swine flu People who work with pigs,
especially people with intense exposures, are at increased risk of catching swine flu In the
mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, this allows accurate diagnosis
of transmission to humans Since then, fifty confirmed transmissions have been recorded, rarely, these strains of swine flu can pass from human to human In humans, the symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, namely chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, coughing, weakness and general discomfort
The 2009 flu outbreak in humans, known as “swine flu’, is due to a new strain of influenza A
virus subtype H1N1 that contains genes closely related to swine influenza The origin of this new strain is unknown However, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) reports that this strain has not been isolated in pigs This strain can be transmitted from human to human, and causes the normal symptoms of influenza
Question 45 What is the main topic of the passage?
A: How swine influenza virus is transmitted to humans
B: Areas of the world which are affected by swine flu
C: The 2009 flu outbreak
D: The characteristics of swine flu
Question 46 A swine influenza virus is .