Ôn thi tiếng anh chuyên ngành quản lý công

The objective of PAR public administration reform in Vietnam is to build a streamlined, capable public administration that uses properly the authority and gradually modernized to manage

ÔN THI TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH CAO HỌC QLC

Topic 1: Governance and public Aministration

Governance and development are currently intertwined.Although the goals of development, democracy and political stability may be conflicting, most people wish

to participate in government and to receive fair judicial and economic treatment

The reform of government and improvement of governmance often go hand in hand with the economic reform to generate support and sustain development

Development and operation of the private sector and market-oriented policies depend on the legal framework and political and economic stability that a reformed government and improved governance can provide

Good government can produce democracy and generate stability and fairness

in legal, social, economic and other public institutions and bodies

Question:

1 What is governance ? development ? reform ?

Answer:

+ Governance is process of decision - making and the process by which decisions are implemented (or not implemented)

+ Governance is the action of ruling the society which is executed by authorized public organizations and people through using state power

+ Development is a change, growth or improvement over a period of time + Reform is a change that is intended to correct a situation that is wrong or unfair, or make a system works more effectively

2 Why do the reform of governance and the reform of economy go hand in hand?

Answer:

+Because only a reformed government can raise effect action of civil service, provide better public services and bring better quality of people’s life

Topic 2: Defining Management

Management has been callled “the art off getting things done through people” Our discussion will start with a somewhat more complex definition, so that we may call attention to additional important aspects of managing Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the efforts of an organization’s members, and using all other organizational resources to achieve stated organizational goals

A process is a systematic way of doing things.

+ Planning implies that managers think through their goals and actions in advance

+ Organizing means that managers co-ordinate the humand and material resources of the organization

+ Leading describes how managers direct and influence subordinates, getting others to perform essential tasks

+ Controlling means that managers attempt to ensure that organization is moving towards its goals

Question:

1 What qualities does a manager need ?

Answer:A manager should possess six qualities, including: active, assertive, creative, moral, experienced, professional

2 What is a process? planning? organizing? controlling? leading?

Answer:process is a systematic way of doing things

+ Planning implies that managers think through their goals and actions in advance

+ Organizing means that managers coordinate the human and material resources of the organization

+ Controlling means that managers attempt to ensure that organization is moving towards its goals

+ Leading describes how managers direct and influence subordinates, getting others to perform essential tasks

3 Why is management defined as a process?

Answer:Management is defined as a process because all managers, regardless

of their particular aptitudes or skills, engage in certain inter – related activities in order to achieve their desired goals

4 What resources does a manager use to attain their goals?

Answer:He (She) uses all available organizational resources to attain goals, such as pay and promotion

Topic 3: Financial management

Accouting provides basic information on transactions, income, expenditure, costs, assets and liabilities in general It’s divided into two major parts: record keeping and reporting It should contribute to a system of strong accountability and control

Government auditors must be independent form the entities which they audit because the main aim of audit is to discover whether the accounting system and other relevant satandards There are two groups of auditors, internal and external, each with its specific roles

Government budget are repaired for a number of purposes and are usually on

an annual budget cycle The decentralized budgeting system should alow the Ministry

of Finance to concentrate more on on geater concerns which leaving the task of routine programme and experature management to the spending ministries

Appropriate financial planning in the public sector has many virtues, but there are some difficulties that need to be overcome

Question:

1.What do you undertand by government accoungting?

Answer: Accounting provides basic information on transactions, income, expenditure, costs, assets and liabilities, needed for management and accountability

in general

2.What are the two major part that make up accounting?

Answer: They are record keeping and reporting

3.What is the role of internal and external auditors?

Answer:

+ The external auditors have a constitutional role to play in the public accountability process

+ The internal auditors have their own professional standards and their role is defined by management

Topic 4: Public Administrtion Reform in Vietnam

Since 1986 the Communist Party and the Government of Vietnam have initiated the overall renovation of the country with the focus on economic reforms The success of the economic reforms has revealed the weaknesses of the state administration and created an urgent requirement to launch a public administration reform programme (PAR) and link it with economic reform

The objective of PAR (public administration reform) in Vietnam is to build a streamlined, capable public administration that uses properly the authority and gradually modernized to manage effectively and efficiently the operation of the state, promoting the healthy development of the society, in the right direction and serving the life of the people, building the life style and working style in accordance with laws in society

The PAR in VN includes 3 major components They are:

+ The reform of administrative institution

+ The reform of state administrative machinery

+ The reform of the civil service

+ The reform of finance

PAR is a complex and difficult task Because PAR touches upon the machinery, people, viewpoints and working methods as well as the norms of the civil servants

Questions:

1 How many components does PAR in Vietnam include ?

Answer: There are four components: reform of administrative institutions, reform of state administrative machinery, reform of the civil service and financial reforms

2 What is the objective of PAR in Vietnam ?

Answer: The objective of PAR in Vietnam is to build a streamlined, capable public administration that can provide better public services and bring better life quality of people

3 Why is PAR a complex and difficult task ?

Answer: Because PAR touches upon the machinery, people, viewpoints and working methods as well as the norms of the civil servants

4 When did PAR in Vietnam begin ?

Answer: PAR in Vietnam began in 1986

Topic 5: Taxation

Governments acquire the resources to finance their expenditures through different methods taxation, sales of goods and services and borrowing

Most countries raise resources through a variety of taxes: direct and indirect taxes

Some popular taxes are introduced in the US: sales taxes, incomtaxes, etc… Indirect taxes are relatively more important in Europe, contributing to increasing to all tax revenue, especially in the case of the United Kingdoms

Some taxes such as: income, social sensitive, etc… are imposed heavily or lightly in several typical countries in the world

The percentage of such taxes as payroll, sales, property excise is raised to the total revenue of some other typical countries

1 How many ways of raising money do the governments carry on? (or: In what way do governments finance their expenditures?)

Answer: There are many way of raising money that TheGovernments acquire the resources to finance their expenditures through different methods taxation, sales

of goods and services and borrowing (In most countries, taxation is the most important method by which government finances their expenditures

There are two kinds of taxes: direct taxes on wage and property income and indirect taxes on goods)

2 Could you tell some direct and indirect taxes you know?

Answer:

+Direct taxes are the personal income taxes, business income taxes…

+ Indirect taxes are value-added taxes

3 Could you tell some major taxes in Vietnam?

Answer:In Viet Nam, the major taxes are the value-added taxes and the personal income taxes, the business income taxes, the special consumption taxes

4 What are government payments to people who are unemployment, ill, disabled, etc called?

Answer:Government are payments to people who are unemployment, ill, disabled, etc… called social security

1 governance, development and reform:

a what is governance? development? reform?

b Why do the reform of governnance and the reform of economy go hand in hand?

2 defning management: a What qualities does a manager need?

b What is a process? planning? organizing? controling? leading?

c Why is managment defined as a process?

d What resources does a manager use to attain their goals?

3 financial management

a What do you understand by government accounting?

b What are the two major part that make up accounting?

c What is the role of internal and external auditors?

4 Taxation:

a How many ways of raising money do the governments carry on? (or: In what way do governments finance their expenditures?)

b Could you tell some direct and indirect taxes you know?

c Couuld you tell some major taxes in Vietnam?

d What are government payments to people who are unemployment, ill, disabled, etc called?

5 PAR in Vietnam:

a How many componennts does PAR in Vietnam include? 4: reform of administrative institutions, reform of state administrative machinery, reform of the civil service and financial reforms

b What is the objective of PAR in Vietnam?

c Why is PAR a complex and difficult task?

d When did PAR in Vietnam begin?

PHẦN I 5 TOPIC ANH VĂN CHUYÊN NGÀNH PHẦN II

Topic 1 Governance, devolopment and reform

Governance is the action of ruling the society which is executed by authorited public organizations and people through using state power Governance and development are currently viewed as interwined Development is no longer solely a matter of economics In many countries, development efforts are included: political stability, institution – building, popular participation and advocating human rights However, these efforts are conflicting at times The reform of government and improvement of governance often go hand in hand with reform and improvement of the economy Because, only a reformed government and improved governance can provide a reasonable amount of political stability, political and economic guidelines and an enabling framework of law for the development, operation and growth of private sector and market-oriented policies

A good government can produce democracy and generated stability and fairness in legal, social, economic and other public institutions and bodies and bring better quality of people’s life

Topic 2 Defining management.

Management is very complex and multi-aspect, there are such different definitions of management that no one definition of management is universally accepted By Mary Parker Follett, management is the act of getting things done through people By this definition she emphasized that managers in any organizations achieve organnizational goal through arranging people to perform tasks

Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of an organization’s members, and using all other organizational resources to achieve stated organizational goals The works that a manager do: plan, organize, lead and control the work of an organization’s members, and use all other organizational resources to reach stated organizational goals

Planning implies that managers think through their goals and actions in advance Organizing means that managers coodinate the human and material resources of the organization Leading describes how mangers direct and influence (tác động) subodinates (cấp dưới), getting others to perform essential tasks Controlling means that managers attemp to ensure that organization is moving towards its goals

The resources that managers use to attain their goals are human, finances, equipment and information, etc People are the most important resource of any organization

Stated goals refer to specific ends that any organization tries to attain Inshort, there are variuos definitions of management but according to me:

- Management is the what managers do to achieve stated goals

- Management is an art and a science

- Management is arrangement all organization resources in proper processes to achive goals of organ

- Mangement is the influences of subjects to object in order to get at goals of organizations

Topic 3 Formulate some issues in financial management.

Finacial management is seen as a continuous process, because it links planning with budget formulation, budget formulation with budget execution and accounting, and execution and accounting with evaluation and audit

It concerns the generation, planning, coodination, disposition, commitment, utilization, recording, control and accountability of financial and other resources

In manay countrues, government financial management suffers from weaknesses, such as:

- Untimely and inaccurate accounting records

- Lack of relevant information, highly routinized procedures and lack of modern method of data management

- Old financial rules

- Lack of coodination between recurrent and development budgets

In Vietnam, financial management also have problems with:

- Policies planning in macro

- Execution financial strategies and policies

- Controlling and supervision of state organs

- Ineffectivness in public spending

- Control inflation and price

Financial reform is one our goals in our adminitrative reform, along with reformation in administration, state servant, administrative procedure, improvement

in law and policies, we contribute to pefect to form modern and impersonal administration

Topic 4: Introduce the varios kinds of taxes levied in developed countries.

Governments finance their expenditures through taxation, or the sale of their goods and services and borrowing The most important methods by which governments finance their expenditures is taxation There is are two kinds of taxes: direct taxes on wage and property income and indirect taxes on goods Direct taxes are the personal income taxes, business income taxes… Indirect taxes are value-added taxes…

The balance between these different taxes has varied (đáng kể) considerably (thay đổi) overtime and between countries In the United States, the major taxes are taxes on property, sales taxes and income taxes In Europe, indirect taxes is more important than it in US: the value-added taxes, the personal income taxes, the profit taxes and the social security an sinh taxes are the major taxes However, the reliance sự phụ thuộc on taxation in each country is very different In United Kingdom, VAT raise about half as much as the personal income taxes In Australia, New Zealand and Scandinavian countries all rely heavily on income and profit (lợi nhuận) taxes, which account for about half of all revenue raised from taxation In the United States, the major taxes are taxes on property, sales taxes, social security taxes In the European, they are the value-added taxes, the personal income taxes, the profit taxes and the social security taxes In the Australia, they are income taxes, profit taxes and payroll taxes

In Vietnam, the major taxes are the value-added taxes and the personal income taxes, the business income taxes, the special consumption tiêu thụ taxes

In Vietnam, tax is also one of the important guaranties for the budget balance Government has been fostering thúc đẩy financial reform in general and taxation reform in particular Fulfil thực hiện taxation duties is also one way to participate in state administration management

Topic 5: Talk about an overview of public administration reform in VN

1 In what way the overall renovation of VN has initiated since 1986 Since 1986, the Communist Party and the Government of VN have initiated khởi xướng the overall toàn diện renovation đổi mới of the country with the focus on tập trung economic reforms The success of the economic reforms has revealed bộc lộ the weaknesses of the state administration (such as a low level of internal economic accumulation (tích lũy), an insufficiency (thiếu) of experience in management of the transition to a market economy, an inappropriate (o thích hợp) machinery for a market economy and, and an inadequate (o tương xứng) capacity (năng lực) of the personnel (đội ngũ) in relation to the change of the society) and created an urgent bức thiết requirement to lauch bắt đầu a public adminitration reform programme and link

it with economic reforms, considering PAR as the focus of the process to build and perfect the State of the SRV The programme was offically announced công bố in the early 1995

2 What objectives of PAR are:

The objective of PAR in VN is to build a streamlined trong sạch, capable (đủ năng lực public administration that ueses properly the authority and is gradually từng bước modernized to manage effectively and efficiently the operation of the State, promoting the healthy development of the society, in the right direction and serving the life of the people, building the lifestyle and working style in accordance with law

in the society

3 How many major components there are

The PAR in VN includes 3 major components They are:

- The reform of administrative institution focuses on the development and perfection of the socialist democracy, ensuring human rights and the rights of the people, serving properly the needs of the material as well as spiritual life of the public The citizens are seen as the central focus of the public administration in a civil society

- The reform of state administrative machinery concentrates on building a strong machinery to carry out the executive function, in its relationships of coordination and distribution (xắp xếp) with the legislature and judiciary; strengthening (lành mạnh) and unifying (thống nhất) the central elements of government; promoting the initiative (sáng kiến) and creativity (sáng tạo) of local authorities, combining (kết hợp) sectoral and area management in an effective maner

- The reform of the civil service aims at building a contingent (đội ngũ) of cadres and civil sercice which are properly qualified for their tasks, considering this

as the first priority (ưu tiên) in PAR

4 Why PAR is a complex and difficult task

Because PAR touches upon đụng chạm the machinery, people, viewpoints and working methods as well as the norms tiêu chuẩn of the civil servants The PAR is not a singleriêng lẻ, isolated rời rạc operation, it is a continuos task in accordance with the changing situation, making use of the new opportunities cơ hội and facing the new challenges thách thức

The PAR in VN is only at the beginning of a long road Much has to be done to achieve the goals of implementation of socio-economic strategy up to the year 2010 Alongside the continuation of economic and political renovation, PAR has an extremely (vô cùng) important role in enhancing (nâng cao) the scientific level and the pratical capacity (năng lực) required to build a modern public administration in a democratic regime and a market economy

PHẦN II CÂU HỎI/TRẢ LỜI 5 TOPIC TRÊN

1 Governance, Development, Reform

a What is governance?

Governance is process of decision – making and the process by which decision are implemented (or not implemented)

b What is development?

Development is a change, growth or improvement over a period of time

c What is reform?

Reform is a change that is intended to correct a situation that is wrong or unfair, or make a system work more effectively

d What is the relationship between governance and development?

Governance and development are viewed as intertwined Good government is both a means and pre-condition of development and a development objective, bringing better quality of life

e What is the relationship between development and reform?

f Why is there a need to reform government and improve governance?

Because only a reformed government and improved governance can provide a reasonable amount of political stability, political and economic guidelines and an enabling framework of law for the development, operation and growth of private sector and market-oriented policies

2 Management

a What is management?

Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of an organization’s members, and using all other organizational resources to achieve stated organizational goals

b Do people all agree that there is only one definition of management?

No, they don’t Management is very complex and multi-aspect, there are such different definitions of management that no one definition of management is universally accepted

c Does a manager do things for people? What does he do?

No, he doesn’t The works that a manager do: plan, organize, lead and control the work of an organization’s members, and use all other organizational resources to reach stated organizational goals

d Tell some essential qualities that you think a manger should have?

I think a manager have to be good at communication and motivation He is also

a good example, a good listener, concerned and decisive