Note: Một số động từ không sử dụng được ở thì tiếp diễn mà thường dùng thì hiện tại đơn: 1_ Động từ chỉ giác quan: hearnghe; seenhận thấy; thấy; smellbốc mùi; tastecó vị.. diễn tả một hà
Trang 1ENGLISH GRADE 11
BASIC NAME:
CLASS:
Trang 2The Present Simple Tense
1 Use
a diễn tả một hành động hoặc một thói quen ở hiện tại, trạng từ đi kèm: always, usually, often,
sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, every…….)
Ex: I usually go to school in the afternoon
b diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật luôn luôn đúng
Ex: The earth moves around the sun
c,có 2 dạng động từ ở hiện tại đơn là động từ to be và động từ thường to be gồm am, is, are còn lại là
eg: these baby dogs are cute these baby dogs are not cute Are these baby dogs cute?
b S ở dạng số ít: he, she, it, girl……
Khẳng định: S + is ……
Phủ định: S + is + not…
Nghi vấn: is + S…….?
Eg: the dog is cute the dog is not cute Is the dog cute?
Ex: put the verb in the correct form.
1 We friends
2 Nam and Lan a nice couple
3 Quang an engineer
4 My brother and I tailors
5 Ha noi one of the noisiest cities in
10 The Sun so hot
11 Her father a taxi driver
12 Mr Nam our English teacher
13 The children in Sa Pa now
A, chủ ngữ ở dạng số nhiều như : I, we, you, they, people, girls…
Khẳng định: động từ giữ nguyên ở dạng nguyên thể: S + Vo
Eg: they run away We play the guitar
Phủ định: S + do + not + Vo Viết tắt don’t
Eg: they do not run away We don’t play the guitar
Nghi vấn: Do +S + Vo
Eg: Do we play the guitar? Do they run away?
B, Chủ ngữ ở ngôi thứ 3 số ít: He, She, It,girl………
Khẳng định:
a thêm s vào động từ thường
Ex: Lan often gets up early in the morning
b Thêm “ES” vào sau các động từ tận cùng là: ch, sh, s, x, o, z.
Ex: He watches a lot of TV on Sundays
Trang 3DOZE > HE DOZES
C, khi động từ tận cùng là y, đổi y thành i rồi thêm es Eg: fly -> it flies
Phủ định: S + does + not +Vo Viết tắt doesn’t
Eg: Lan does not get up early in the morning. He doesn’t watch a lot of TV on Sundays
Nghi vấn: does + S + Vo
Does he watch a lot of TV on Sundays? Does Lan get up early in the morning?
Ex: put the verb in the correct form
1.I ( eat) my breakfast in the kitchen everyday
2.These boys often ( play) football at weekend
3.It (rain ) in winter
4.The sun ( rise ) in the east
5.I (think) he is very lazy
6.Why you (look) so sad?
7.Bad students never (work) hard
8.She ( go) to school three days a week
9 She (not, drive) motocar
10 these boys (learn) hard?
11 he (drink) alcohol?
12 these girls (play) badminton?
13 it (rain) heavily in summer?
14 you ( know) the little boy over there?
15.Jean (watch) TV every night
EXERCISES
Put the verbs in parentheses into the present simple tense
1 I (be) at school at the weekend
2 She (not study) on Friday
3 My students (be not) hard working
4 He (have) a new haircut today
5 I usually (have) breakfast at 7.00
6 She (live) in a house?
7 Where your children (be) ?
8 My sister (work) in a bank
9 Dog (like) meat?
10 She (live) in Florida
11 It (rain) almost every day in Manchester
12 We (fly) to Spain every summer
13 My mother (fry) eggs for breakfast every morning
14 The bank (not, close) at four o'clock
15 John (try) hard in class, but I (not think) he'll pass
16 Jo is so smart that she (pass) every exam without even trying
17 My life (be) so boring I just (watch) TV every night
18 Your best friend (write) to you every week ?
19 You (speak) English?
20 She (not live) in HaiPhong city
21 He (be ) a doctor
Trang 422 She (watch) television every day?
23 We (not, go) to school on Sundays
24 you often (get up) early?
25 Your mother usually (buy) vegetables in this market?
26 His friend and he often (go) to school by bike?
27 My girlfriend (not, be) a beautiful girl
28 The concert often (begin) at 7pm
29 My father (have) coffee for breakfast every day
30 The students never (work) hard
The Present Progressive Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + am/is/are + V-ing……
- Negative: S + am/is/are + not + V-ing…
- Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing ….?
Notes: I +am
He, she, it, danh từ số ít +is
We, you, they, danh từ số nhiều + are
2 Use
Diễn tả 1 hành động xảy ra trong lúc nói (now, right now, at the moment, at this time, at
present….)
Ex: - I am looking for the latest newspaper now
- They are watching a sport game show at the moment
3 Note: Một số động từ không sử dụng được ở thì tiếp diễn mà thường dùng thì hiện tại đơn:
1_ Động từ chỉ giác quan: hear(nghe); see(nhận thấy; thấy); smell(bốc mùi); taste(có vị).
2_ Động từ chỉ tình cảm, cảm xúc: like; hate(ghét); dislike(không thích); love; need;
Eg: - We are tenth-grade students now
- I understand the lesson at the moment
Ex 1: chia động từ ở thì hiện tại tiếp diễn.
1 Please be quiet I _ (try) to read my book
2 I _ (not/use) the computer at the moment so you can use it
3 Mary is ill so Sue _ (teach) her 1essons today
4 Excuse me, I _ (look) for a hotel Is there one near here?
5 _ (you/wait) for someone?
6 Jack, you are very careless You _ (always/forget) to do your
homework!
7 The cost of living _ (rise) very fast Every year things are more
expensive
8 What _ (you/do)? I _ (clean) my shoes
9 Why you _ (wear) shorts? It's so cold today
10 The neighbours are so noisy! They _ (always/argue) 1oudly
11.My father (have) coffee for breakfast at the present
12.right now the students (study) new lession
13.Our mother (buy) vegetables in this market at the moment?
14 John (not read) a book now
15 What you (do) tonight?
16 Jack and Peter (work) late today
17 Silvia (not listen) to music at the moment
Trang 518 Maria (sit) next to Paul right now
19 How many other students you (study) with today?
20 He always (make) noisy at night
21 Where your husband (be) ?
22 She (wear) earrings today
23 The weather (get) cold this season
24 My children (be) upstairs now They (play) games
25 Look! The bus (come)
26 He (borrow) me money at the moment
27 While I (do) my housework, my husband (read) books
Ex 2: chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc với 2 thì hiện tại đơn giản và hiện tại tiếp
diễn.
1 She a1ways _ (remember) my birthday
2 Mr Brown _ (work) in a supermarket
9 Can you drive? No, but I _ (learn) at the moment
10.Hurry! The bus _ (come) I _ (not/want) to miss it
11 I (have) coffee for breakfast every day
12 My brother (work) in a shoe store this summer
13 The student (look) _ up that new word now
14 She (go) to school every day
15 We (do) this exercise at the moment
16 Miss Helen (read) _ a newspaper now
17 It (rain) very much in the summer It (rain) _ now
18 he never (go) out at midnight
19 He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish
20 We seldom (eat) before 6.30
21 She sometimes (buy) _ vegetables at his market
22 Be quiet The baby (sleep)
23 We always (do) _ our exercises carefully
24 Look A man (run) _ after the train He (want) _ to catch it
25 It (be) very cold now
26 John (travel) to England tomorrow
27 I (need) some money for my textbooks
28 Tom (like) to go to the museums
29 Mary (love) ice-cream
30 My mother (cook) _ some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) in the morning
31 I often (leave) the city at weekends
32 The guests (watch) the TV programmes now
33 I (see) _ you (wear) _ your best clothes
34 The sun (set) _ in the west
35 My friend (study) English for an hour every night
The Present Perfect Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + has/have +V3/ed…
Trang 6- Negative: S + has/have + not + V3/ed…
- Interrogative: Has/Have + S + V3/ed….?
Notes: chủ ngữ số ít, he,she, it + has
Chủ ngữ số nhiều, we, I, they, you + Have
2 Use
a diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại (các trạng từ thường
dùng: never, ever, not…yet, since, for, so far, until now, up to now,…….)
Ex: We have learnt English for 5 years
b diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra (các trạng từ thường dùng: just, recently, lately)
Ex: She has just gone out
c diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định rõ thời gian (already, before)
Ex: Have you seen this movie before?
d một số cụm từ thường dùng với hiện tại hoàn thành
so far = until now = up to now ,how long ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice /
many / three… times
3 Notes
a Cách dùng của since và for
- SINCE: cho mốc thời gian (2000, September, I last saw you, …)
- FOR: cho khoảng thời gian (3 months, a long time, ages, …)
b S + has/have +V3/ed…… since + S + V2/ed….
Ex: We have known each other since we worked in this factory
c Các trạng từ: never, ever, just, already thường đứng giữa trợ động từ (has/ have) và động từ
chính (V3/ed)
Ex: I have already finished my homework.
4, bị động của thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
Cấu trúc: O + Has, Have + been + P2
Eg: (A) They have sold the house recently
(P) The house has been sold recently
Ex: give the correct form of the verb in present perfect tense.
1 I (try)……… to learn English for years, but I (not succeed) ……… yet
2 That book (lie) ……… on the table for weeks You (not read) ……… it
yet?
3 He (not, be) ……… here since Christmas
4 He (write) ……… a novel for two years, but he (not, finish) ……… it yet
5 I (see) ……… that film several times because I like it
6 Jack (look)……… no trouble with my English lesson up to now
7 We ( study)……… almost every lesson in this book so far
8 How long you (learn)……… English?
9 Tom (never, be)……… in Hanoi
10 I am sorry I (forget) ……… that girl’s name already
11.Laura never (win) ……… a beauty contest
12.I (listen) ……… to the new Tom Waits CD yet
13.(you see)……… any good films recently
14.The population of India (increase)……… since 1992
15.You ever (write) ……… a love letter for Valentine’ Day?
16.You ever (meet)……… a famous person
17.We already (see) ……… the film at home
18.Keren (send) ……… me an email
19.My boy friend (give)……… up smoking for 2 months
20.They (be)……… at the pet shop for 5 minutes
21.We (do,just) ……… the shopping for our grandmother
22.You can have that newspaper I (finish) ……… with it yet
Trang 723.There is no more cheese I (eat) ……… it all, I’m afraid.
24.The bill isn’t right They (make)……… a mistake
25.Don’t you want to see this programme? It (start,just).………
Ex: Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense
1 He (practice) _ the piano every day
2 I (believe) you
3 Bob (see) this movie before
4 Jorge (read) the newspaper already
5 Maria (have) _ a cold now
6 He (swim) _ right now
7 Mr Johnson (work) in the same place for 35 years
8 We (not begin) _ to study for the test yet
9 John (hate) smoke
10 Jill always (get up) at 6.00 a.m
11 Joan (travel) _ around the world
12 We (not see) _ this movie yet
13 Terry (mow) the lawn yet
14 John and I (be) pen pals for nearly 3 years
15 Maryam (stay) with us at the moment
16 He (wear) _ the same coat since he (move) _ here
17 I (not see) _ your brother recently
18 Listen to those people! What language they (speak) _?
19 It (not rain) much in our country in winter
20 I never (talk) _ to such an interesting person
Ex: Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses.
1/ I (be) sorry I (forget) that fellow’s name already
2/ Jack (look) forward to his vacation next June
3/ I (have) no trouble with my english lessons up to now
4/ Mr and Mrs Brown (be) _ in New York for 2 months
5/ Michael (work) 38 hours a week
6/ At present, that author (write) _ a novel
7/ George (do) good work in this class so far
8/ The weather( generally, get) hot in July
9/ You must wake her up She (sleep) soundly for 10 hours
10/ Listen! I (think) someone (knock) at the front door
11/ How long (you learn) English?
12/ That student (know) all the new words very well now
13/ Alice (lose) her Vienamese-English dictionary
14/ Fred (just, graduate) from Oxford University
15/ The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days
16/ That grandfather clock (stand) there for as long as I can
remember
17/ That brown briefcase (belong) to Dr.Rice
18/ Jim (work) on his report this year
19/ Robert (wait) for you since noon
20/ That museum (stand) _ here for ceturies
21/ The sun (get) very hot during the afternoon
22/ Tom (buy) _ a new car next week
23/ The boys and girls (go) _ home after this lesson
24/ Davis (play) football every afternoon
Trang 825/ Up to the present, we (write) almost every lesson in this book.
THE PAST SIMPLE, THE PAST PROGRESSIVE AND THE PAST PERFECT
The Past Simple Tense
1 Form to be
- Affirmative: S + V2/ed… S + was/were……
- Negative: S + did + not + V… S + was/were + not…
- Interrogative: Did + S + V….? Was/Were + S ….?
Notes: ở động từ tobe: chủ ngữ số ít, he, she, it + was
chủ ngữ số nhiều, I, we, you, they + were
ở động từ thường dạng khẳng định không phân biệt chủ ngữ số ít hay nhiều, khi chia ở quá khứ đơn thì tra bảng đối với động từ bất quy tắc, thêm ed với động từ theo quy tắc.dạng phủ định
và nghi vấn đều dùng trợ động từ did cho chủ ngữ số ít và số nhiều
2 Use
a diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và xác định rõ thời gian (yesterday, ago,
last……, in the past, in 1990)
Ex: - My father bought this house 10 years ago
- Mr Nam worked here in 1999
b diễn tả một loạt hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ
Ex: - Last night, I had dinner, did my homework, watched TV and went to bed
- When she came here in 1990, she worked as a teacher
Ex: chia động từ to be ở thì quá khứ đơn
1 he (be) in prison 3 years ago
2 they (be) these boys whom the teacher punnished yesterday
3 Jame(be) beautiful before she was injured in the accident?
4 Mary(be,not) at the top group last year
5 we (be,not) at the stadium last Sunday
6 you (be) _with him in the past?
7 my house (be) here until 1980
8 last night, she (be) in her bad temper because of her bad son
9 in the 1990s, he (be) a big star
10 when she(be) a teacher in 2000, she(be) at the peak of her energy
Ex: chia động từ thường ở thì quá khứ đơn
1 We (study) a very hard lesson the day before yesterday
2 My wife and I (travel) to London by air last summer
3 I (have) a little trouble with my car last week
4 What you (do) yesterday?
5 Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970
6 We (watch) a good programme on TV last night
7 he (meet) Mary last night?
8 I (see, not) him 3 weeks ago
9 She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning
10 They (begin) to study at this school 7 years ago?
Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở thì quá khứ đơn:
1 Yesterday, I (go) to the restaurant with a client
2 We (drive) around the parking lot for 20 mins to find a parking space
3 When we (arrive) at the restaurant, the place (be) full
4 The waitress (ask) us if we (have) reservations
5 I (say) , "No, my secretary forgets to make them."
6 The waitress (tell) us to come back in two hours
7 My client and I slowly (walk) back to the car
8 Then we (see) a small grocery store
Trang 99 We (stop) in the grocery store and (buy) some
sandwiches
10 That (be) better than waiting for two hours
11 I (not go) to school last Sunday
12 She (get) married last year?
13 What you (do) last night?
- I (do) _ my homework
14 I (love) him but no more
15 Yesterday, I (get) up at 6 and (have) breakfast at 6.30
Ex: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.
1/ We (never watch) that TV programme
2/ We (watch) a good programme on TV last night
3/ He (read) that novel many times before
4/ He (read) that novel again during my last vacation
5/ I (have) a little trouble with my car last week
6/ However, I (have) no trouble with my car since then
7/ I (not see) John for a long time I (see) him
3 weeks ago
8/ The school bell (ring) We must go now
9/ I (meet) Mary last night She (become) a very big girl
10/ He is very thirsty He (not drink) since this morning
11/ Look! Summer (come)
12/ They (study) at this school for 7 years now
13/ They (begin) to study at this school 7 years ago
14/ Since when (you know) _ her ?
15/ How long ago (he start) to learn French ?
16/ She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning
17/ My mother (be) in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet
18/ His dog (just run) out of the garden
19/ Mr Brown (travel) by air several times in the past
20/ He (travel) _ to Mexico by air last summer
The Past Progressive Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + was/were + V-ing…
- Negative: S + was/were + not + V-ing…
- Interrogative: Was/Were + S + V-ing….?
Notes: chủ ngữ số ít, he, she, it + was
Chủ ngữ số nhiều, I, we, you, they + were
2 Use
a diễn tả một hành động xảy ra ở một thời điểm trong quá khứ
Eg: They were playing chess at 4 o’clock yesterday
b diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác xen vào (when,
while, as) Hành động đang xảy ra thì dùng quá khứ tiếp diễn, hành động xen vào dùng quá khứ
đơn
Eg: - I was studying my lessons when he came
We saw him while we were walking along the street
c 2 hành động cùng đang diễn ra trong quá khứ thì chia cả 2 hành động đều ở thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
eg: She was playing in the street while her father was woking in the company
Ex: put the verb in past continuous tense.
Trang 101) When I phoned my friends, they (play) _cards
2) Yesterday at six I (prepare) _dinner
3) The kids (play) _in the garden when it suddenly to rain
4) I (practise) the guitar when he came home
5) We (cycle,not) at 4pm yesterday
6) What (you/do) yesterday?
7) Most of the time last Sunday we (sit) _in the park
8) while she (buy) _some clothes, he (watch) _some new
products
9) they(sleep) _ at class yesterday evening
10) she(make,not) _ that noise at 5am yesterday
Ex: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.
1. While I (drive)……… home, Peter (try)……… desperately to contact me
2. ……… you (expect)………… any visitors this summer?
3. Sorry, you (sleep)……… at 9 o’clock last night?
4. I (make)……… some coffee when the cup (break)………
5. I (think)……… about him last night
6. In the 1990s few people (use)……… mobile phones
7. I (walk)……… in the street when I suddenly (fall over.)………
8. She (talk)……… to me on the phone and it suddenly (go)……… dead
9. They (still wait)……… for the plane when I (speak)… …… … to them
10.while he (watch)……….TV, I (wash)……… the dishes
11.We (just, make) ……… the cake at this time yesterday
12.I (make)……… a presentation in front of 500 people when the microphone
(stop)……… working
13 Yesterday at 6 am, I (get up) and (have) breakfast at 6.30am
14 I (love) him but no more
15 What you (do) last night? I (do) my homework
16 She (get) married 3 years ago?
17 We (stop) at grocery store and (buy) something
18 .they (participate) in the beauty contest orgnazied by our university last
summer?
19 We (drive) around the parking lot to find a parking place last week
20 Where you (live) when you were young?
21 Where you (teach) before you came here?
22 He (try) to lift a box but he couldn't
23 Alice hurt herself while she (skate)
24 I met my neighbor while I (walk) home from work
25 Kien stepped on Maria's feet w hile they (dance) together
26 Sally (have) dinner last night when somebody (clock) the door
Trang 1127 Jane (sleep) when the telephone rang
28 As I (walk) to the lab, I met my friend
29 They (study) two hours last night
30 It (rain) hard when I got up
31 What she (write) when I came in the room?
Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense (2)
1/ He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him
2/ When I (go) out, the sun (shine)
3/ The light (go) out while I (have) tea
4/ When it (rain) , she(carry) an umbrella
5/ We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain
6/ He (teach) English for 2 months when he (live) in Germany and (work) as a journalist
7/ The house (burn) fast, so we (break) the window
(walk) to the door, but just as he (open) it, it (stop)
The Past Perfect Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + had + V3/ed…
- Negative: S + had + not + V3/ed…
- Interrogative: Had + S + V3/ed….?
2 Use
a diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ
Ex: By the end of last month, she had made 4 skirts
b diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ
(before, after, by the time) Hành động xảy ra trước thì dùng quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy
ra sau thì dùng quá khứ đơn
Ex: - After Nam had done his homework, he went to bed
- They had lived in Dong Thap before they moved to HCM city
Ex: put the verb in past perfect tense
1 I (study) _ _ extremely hard before the test was given
2 You (pick) _ _ a lot of tomatoes from your garden before we had any ripe
ones in ours
3 We (expect) _ _ to find many vacant hotel rooms, but we only found one
4 They (play,not) _ in the Super Bowl in 1990, so they were not more
prepared in 1995
5 He (enjoy) _ color photography before he tried black-and-white film?
6 She (look) _ all over town for a formal dress before she found one she
liked
Trang 127 It (jump) _ out of its cage just before we arrived at the zoo
8 these flowers(bloom) _ before it went die
9 the girl(be) _ in the bathroom before she went out
10 after they(talk) _ to each other, they broke apart
Ex: Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense.
1) The house (be)……… much smaller than I (think)……… at first
2) Before I (go)……… to bed, I (take)……… a bath
3) The girl (ask)……… what (happen)……… to her ice scream4) I (rest)……… after I (finish)……… my work
5) she (do)……… nothing before she ( meet)……… me
6) After she (go)……….he (be) ……….so sad
7) My grandmother (die)……… after the docters (treat) ………with all their
kindness
8, The plane (leave)……….by the time we (get)……….to the airport
9, He (quit)……… the job because the employee (give)………a low
salary
10, the murder (hide)……… 3 days before the police (find) him yesterday
Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense (2)
1/ They (go) home after they (finish) their work
2/ He (do) _ nothing before he (see) _ me
3/ He (thank) me for what I (do) for him
4/ I (be) sorry that I (hurt) him
5/ After they (go) , I (sit) down and (rest)
6/ When I (arrive) , the dinner (already, begin)
7/ My friend (not see) me for many years when I (meet) last week
8/ He (learn) English before he (leave) for England.9/ In England, he soon (remember) all he (learn)
10/ They (tell) him they (not meet) him before
11/ He (ask) why we (come) so early
12/ She (say) that she (already, see) _ Dr Rice
13/ By the time Bill (get) there, the meeting (start) .14/ When we (arrive) at our place, we (find) that a burglar (break) in
15/ Almost everybody (leave) _ for home by the time we (arrive) .
Ex : Put the verb in brackets in the Past simple, Past perfect or Present perfect
1.She didn’t notice that she (never see) ……….……… that film before
2 I suddenly (remember) that I ……… (forget) my keys
3 Bill no longer has his car He (sell) ……… it
4 (Have/you/put) ……… Off the fire before you (go) ……… out
5.I was very pleased to see Mary again I (not see) ……… for a long time
6 I thanked her for everything she (do) ……… for me
7.When I got to the office, I (realize) ………… I (forget) ……… to lock the door
8.Who is that woman? I (never seen) ……… … …… her before
9.Tom was not at home when I (arrive)……… He (just go) ……… out
10.She said it (be) ……… the first time she (meet) ……… such a man
Past perfect continuous
1 Công thức:
(+) S + had been + V-ing + (O)
(-) S + had not + been + V-ing + (O)
Trang 13(?) Had + S +been + V-ing + (O)?
2 Cách dùng:
- Dùng để chỉ một việc đã xảy ra trước một hành động quá khứ khác, và trong khi hành động quá khứ thứ 2 xảy ra, thì hành động quá khứ thứ nhất vẫn tiếp tục
Ví dụ: When I was woken up, it had ben raining very hard
When I came, they had been singing for more than two hours
- Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong Quá khứ (nhấn mạnh tính tiếp diễn)
Ví dụ: I had been thinking about that before you answered it
Ex: past perfect continuous
1 I was very tired when I arrived home I (work)
……….hard all day.
2 we(sleep)………for 12 hours when he woke us up.
3 we (wait)……… at the station fofr 90 minutes when
the train finally arrived
4 we (look for)………her ring for two hours and then
we found it in the bathroom.
5 I (not walk)………for a long time, when it suddenly
8 they were very tired in the evening because they (help)
………on the farm all day
9 I (not, work)……… all day, so I wasn’t tired and went to
the disco at night
10 they (circle)………all day so their legs were sore in the
evening
11 they (chat)……… for over 2 hours.
12 I (wait)……… there for ages
13 she (sit)………there for 20 minutes before the doctor called her name
14 they (jog)……… for a while before they got tired
15 I (wait)……… for the bus for 10 minutes when it arrived
16 she (want)……… to rest a bit because she cleaned the whole day.
17 Alex (play)………golf for many years before he retired
18 they decided to break up because they (fight)………for a
Ex: past perfect and past perfect continuous
1 After she (finish) breakfast, she left the house
2 Before he came to Ha Noi, he (live) in Da Nang
3 He (spend) three years in Taiwan when he was a child
Trang 144 He told me he (never/ be) to Australia before
5 They told me they (never/ see) anything like that
6 I couldn't get in because I (lose) my keys
7 I felt really stupid because I (make) a lot of mistakes
8 I paid for the window because my son (break) it
9 I told him I didn't know who (steal) his pen
10 When i saw her, I knw we (never/ meet) before
11 The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build)
12 He (not/ be) to Cape Town before 2000
13 We (sleep) for 2 hours when he woke us up
14 They (wait) at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived
15 When she went out, she (already/ do) her homework
The Future Simple Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + will/shall + Vo….
- Negative: S + will/shall + not + Vo…
- Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + Vo….?
(will not = won’t; shall not = shan’t)
2 Use
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong tương lai (tomorrow, in the future, next… )
Ex: It will rain tomorrow
Chú ý: thì hiện tại đơn sẽ được dùng thay thế cho thì tương lai đơn trong các mệnh đề trạng ngữ
chỉ thời gian (bắt đầu bằng “when” “before” “until” )
_ You will see him when he comes back tomorrow (“comes” được dùng trong mệnh đề
thời gian “when”)
_ I will not send her your letter until you arrive London.
Thì tương lai gần:(Tương lai chỉ ý định)
Công thức:
S + am/ is/ are + going to + V(inf.) …….(dự định sẽ)
S + am/ is/ are + Ving… (sắp sửa)
Cách dùng:
Thì này được dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra hoặc 1 dự định sắp tới (thường trong câu
không có cụm từ chỉ thời gian)
Eg: My father is retiring
Where are you going to spend your holidays?
CHÚ Ý: Be going to là thì tương lai dự định, nghĩa là nó có trong dự định, trong kế hoạch chứ
không phải ngẫu nhiên
Thời Present Progressive là thì hiện tại tiếp diễn, diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra lúc ta nói (hoặc) đang xảy ra thì hành động khác xen vào
Ex: future simple (1)
1 A: “There's someone at the door.”
Trang 15B: “I _ (get) it.”
2 Joan thinks the Conservatives _ (win) the next election
3 A: “I’m moving house tomorrow.”
B: “I _ (come) and help you.”
4 If she passes the exam, she _ (be) very happy
5 I _ (be) there at four o'clock, I promise
6 A: “I’m cold.”
B: “I _ (turn) on the fire.”
7 A: “She's late.”
B: “Don't worry she _ (come).”
8 The meeting _ (take) place at 6 p.m
9 If you eat all of that cake, you _ (feel) sick
10 They _ (be) at home at 10 o'clock
Ex: future simple (2)
1 I'm afraid I _ (not / be) able to come tomorrow
2 Because of the train strike, the meeting _ (not / take) place at 9
o'clock
3 A: “Go and tidy your room.”
B: “I _ (not / do) it!”
4 If it rains, we _ (not / go) to the beach
5 In my opinion, she _ (not / pass) the exam
6 A: “I'm driving to the party, would you like a lift?”
B: “Okay, I _ (not / take) the bus, I'll come with you.”
7 He _ (not / buy) the car, if he can't afford it
8 I've tried everything, but he _ (not / eat)
9 According to the weather forecast, it _ (not / snow) tomorrow
10 A: “I'm really hungry.”
B: “In that case we _ (not / wait) for John.”
Ex: future simple (3)
1 (they / come) tomorrow?
2 When (you / get) back?
3 If you lose your job, what (you / do)?
4 In your opinion, (she / be) a good teacher?
5 What time (the sun / set) today?
6 (she / get) the job, do you think?
7 (David / be) at home this evening?
8 What (the weather / be) like tomorrow?
9 There’s someone at the door, (you / get) it?
10 How (he / get) here?
Ex: present simple or future simple or present continuous
1.she (go) - to school everyday
2 there (to be) - big problems in many parts of the world
3 A lot of people (go) - to work by car
4 Davis never (take) - the bus to school
5 He plays volleyball but he (not enjoy) - it
6 Most shops usually (open) - at 8.00 a.m and (close)
- at 6.00 p.m
7 School children (wear) - uniform on Monday
8 I (want) - to buy some stamps
9 Ruth (live) - with his parents in an apartment
10 He is writing a postcard and (watch) - TV at the same time
Trang 1611.He often ……… (go) to school on foot
12 She ……….(go) to school everyday
13 Bad students never ……….(work) hard
14 The teacher always ……….(point) at the black – board when he ………
(want) to explain something
15 Mother ……….(cook) some food in the kitchen at the moment,
she always ……….(cook) in the morning
16 I always ……….(meet) him on the corner of this street
17 He ……… (meet) the dentist next week
18 They …… usually ………… (not go) to school by motorbike
19 She ……… (come) here next month
20 They ……… (not be) doctors
21 He often ……… (get) up late
22 ……… you often ……….(watch) TV?
23 I usually ……… (go) shopping on weekend
24 Hai often ………(wash) his face at 6.15
25 Thanh and Mai always ………(see) a movie on Saturday
26 ………….he often ………(take) a bus to school?
27 We ………(be) student in class 8A
28 He usually ………(take) a taxi to the airport
29 She ………(go) to work by bus tomorrow
30 .………… you ………(see) the doctor next week
31 Mai and Nam ………(go) to the movie theater tomorrow evening
32 They ………(plant) trees a long this street next month
33 .…………he ………(write) to his friend next week
34 He often ………(pick) his friend up at the rain way station morning
35 They sometime ………(do) morning exercises at 5.30
36 Hung ………(run) about 5 km every morning
37 I often ………(wash) my clothes
38 They always ………(talk) to each other in the weekend
39 The sun …………(rise) in the East and ………… (set) in the West
40 Where ………… she ………(buy) her breakfast every morning?
41.We (go) out when the rain (stop)
42.I (stay) _ here until he (answer) me
43.Wait until I (catch) you
44.I (be) _ ready before you (count) _ ten
45.John must eat his breakfast before he (go) out
46.Miss Helen (help) _ you as soon as she (finish) _ that letter
47.He (tell) _ you when you (get) there
48.She (not come) until you (be) _ ready
49.He (tell) you when you (ask) him
50.I (come) and (see) _ you before I (leave) for England
EX: future simple, present continuous and near future
1 Who would like to do this? Any volunteers?
- " I it"
2 Next week, CNN television _ almost the entire day to programs first broadcast in the
Trang 17A will make B make C am going to make D am making
4 Although it is a problem in France only, I think I _ the rest of the world soon
5 "Oh, this box is very heavy!"
- " I it for you"
A carry B will carry C am going to carry D am carrying
6 We have run out of rice
- " Yeah, I know.I _ some this evening I've got it on my list
EX: Put the verbs in parentheses into the correct tense:
1 They (drive) to school tomorrow
2 Gene (eat) dinner when his friend called
3 At three o’clock this morning, Eleanor (study)
4 John (write) his report last night
5 After John (wash) _ his clothes, he began to study
6 Tim (go) to France last year
7 When the teacher (enter) _the room, the students were talking
8 We (hold) _ a soccer match next Sunday
9 Guillermo (call) _ his employer yesterday
10 Jane sent a letter to his university after she (receive) _ her scholarship check
11 The car (flip) ten times before it landed on its roof
12 While Joan was writing the report, Henry (look) _ for more information
13 What you (do) last weekend?
14 Mr and Mrs Ba (take) _ some beautiful photos a few days ago
15 Her brother (talk) _ to his pen pal on the phone at the moment
16 They (not contact) _ to each other for a long time
17 Nothing (be) done since I moved here
18 I used to walk to school when I (be) _ in primary school
19 He (go) _ to that book shop tomorrow
20 Lan (drink) _ two bottles of water every day
21 She (be) a Vietnamese student She (be) _ born in Ho Chi Minh city She (go) abroad last year to study English She (learn) French before she began to study English She (make) _ great progress since she
(get) there Next month, she will take the final exam She (be) _
able to get a good job when she (return) _ to Vietnam
Future continuous
1 Cấu trúc:
(+) S + will be + V-ing + (O)
(-) S + will not be + V-ing + (O)
(?) Will + S + be + V-ing + (O)?
2 Cách dùng:
+ Thì Tương lai tiếp diễn dùng để chỉ một hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong
tương lai
Ví dụ:
- By the time next week, we will be playing football
- At 9:00 pm tomorrow, She will be watching television
Ex: future simple, near future, future continuous
1) You are busy.Tina and I (gladly, rake) _ _the yard
3) I ruined that piece of pottery I (simply, make) another one
3) Our staff (not, attend) _ the Convention this year
Trang 184) In order to earn a badge, the scouts (learn) _ to tie knots this Thursday.
5) Our muscles are hurting I guess we (not, exercise) _ much today
6) The police (probably, catch) _ _ _ the bank robber
7) The Fergusons (fishing) _ _ while they are on vacation at 8am tomorrow
8) Stan, you (not, play) _ _ any solos in the jazz concert tomorrow.You have not practiced enough
9) Savannah is allergic to shellfish She (never, eat) _ lobster again
10) The forecast says that it (rain) _ _ all night
11) Grandma (not smile) _ when she answers the door.
12) We are almost late for dinner with our parents I am afraid we (not, arrive) _
_on time
13 The baseball team (travel) to Florida for the playoffs?
14) she (not cook) _ while they are on holiday at 10am tomorrow.
15) Our staff (not, attend) _ the Convention this year
16) Seth (always, drive) _ his 1975 Mustang He loves that car
Future perfect tense.
1 Cấu trúc:
(+) S + will have + P2 + (O)
(-) S + will not have + P2 + (O)
(?) Will + S +have + P2 + (O)?
2 Cách dùng:
- diễn tả một hành động, sự việc sẽ hoàn thành trước một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai, hoặc trước khi hành động, sự việc khác xảy ra
Ví dụ:
- I will have prepared the meal before you come tomorrow (Ngày mai, trước khi bạn đến, tôi sẽ
chuẩn bị xong bữa cơm)
- John won’t have finished the study by July because he has some health problems (Đến tháng 7, John không thể hoàn thành việc nghiên cứu vì anh ấy có một vài vấn đề về sức khỏe.)
- Will you have got a driving license by the time you get married next month? (Liệu tháng sau khi bạn cưới bạn đã có bằng lái xe chưa?)
3 Dấu hiệu
Thì Tương lai hoàn thành đi kèm với một số trạng từ như:
- By + mốc thời gian (by the end of, by tomorrow)
- By then
- By the time + mốc thời gian
future perfect continuous
1 Cấu trúc:
(+) S + Will + have + been + V-ing + (O)
(-) S + Will + have + not + been + V-ing + (O)
(?) Will + S + have + been + V-ing + (O)
- By next month, I will have been worrking for this company for 1 year (Tính đến tháng sau, tôi
sẽ làm việc cho công ty này được 6 tháng)
- By 9.am, I will have been waiting for her for two hours (Đến 9 giờ sáng tôi sẽ chờ cô ấy được 2 tiếng rồi.)
Trang 193 Dấu hiệu nhận biết
Thì Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn dùng các trạng từ giống như trạng từ của thì Tương lai hoàn thành, xong nó đi kèm với for + khoảng thời gian
Ex: future perfect
1. By next November, I (receive)……….my promotion
2. By the time he gets home tomorow, she (clean)……… the entire house
3. I (finish,not)……… this test by 3 o'clock tomorrow
4. She (learn)……… enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to
Beijing?
5. Sam (complete)……… the proposal by the time he leaves this
afternoon
6. By the time I finish this course, I (take)……… ten tests
7. How many countries you (visit)……….by June next month
8. I (be)……… in London for six months by the time I leave
9. They (complete) ……… the project before the deadline at the end of this
month
10. You (perfect)……….…… your English by the time you come back from the U.S
EXERCISES FOR TENSES
1 I ……when the lights went out
2 The farmers ……in the field now
3 The war …… out three years ago
4 She won’t get married until she ……25 years old
5 I’ll give it to Tom if I ……….him tomorrow
6 She ………dinner when she heard the news
7 When he was young, he ………in the army for 10 years
A has served B had served C has been serving D served
8 He ………a cup of coffee every morning
9 She ……… a lot of new books
10 When we see Mr Taylor tomorrow, I …….him of that
11 Up to the present, George…………good work in his class
12 The manager ………the store before I arrived
13 When the alarm rang, Frank …….out of bed quickly
14 At present, that author ……a historical novel
15 I ………the parcel until I hear from you
16 Mr Brown ……in Paris fore 7 years when the second World War broke out
17 By next month, I ……….my first novel
Trang 20A will finish B am going to finished
18 George …….at the university so far
19 Please wait here until the manager ………
20 I……… home until I finish my homework
21 They …… since 8 o’clock
22 My brother ………in the army from 1990 to 1995
23 At this moment, I …… that we have a good chance of victory
24 I …… the money from him yet
A will receive B haven’t received C don’t receive D am receiving
25 It rained while I ………well
26 I …… him ten days ago
27 I………you for a long time
28 She …… so hard that she doesn’t have time to go to the hairdresser’s
29 Mr Johnson ……….to Los Angeles in 19922
30 What ……….to you yesterday?
31 The boys broke a window when they ………….football
32 I never go to Australia I …… to Australia yet
33 What ………do at 7:oo tomorrow morning?
34 My brother …… in this factory since 1990
35 Alice ………for Washington as soon as she had finished her exam
36 He died after he ………ill for a long time
37 I ……about him when he suddenly came in
38 He will finish this work before you ………here tomorrow
A leave B will leave C would leave D are going to leave
39 While I was going to school yesterday, I ……… him
40 Please don’t touch anything before the police………
41 Don’t make noise My mother ………with her friends
42 He…….in this office for ten years by next month
Trang 21C will work D will be working
43 George ………this film three times
44 He doesn’t smoke while he ………a car
45 They went out for a walk after they ………….their dinner
46 Everyone ……their homelands since the world war ended
47 This morning while I …….for the bus, the rain stopped
48 What …….during the last few weeks?
49 He is tired because he ……… all day
50 …… at home tonight?
A are you staying B do you stay C Were you staying D Did you stay
51 John often goes to bed early and ……….up late
52 I …… anyone more punctual than your brother
53 I …… your brother this afternoon at Green Street
54 I understand you …….an unpleasant experience at the weekend
What ………exactly?
55 He…….a cigarette and ……… to the window
A lit/walked B light/walked C had lit/walked D lit/had walked
56 My clothes are not in the room They ……….them away
57 The results ……….tomorrow morning at nine o’clock
A will announce B will be announced C is announcing D announce
58 The statue …… while it ………… to another room in the museum
C broke/was being moved D had broken/was being broken
59 She ………for 10 hours You must wake him up
60 David ……….his hands He…………the TV set
A has washed/repaired B had washed/has been repairing
61 I …… at my report since Monday Now I ……the conclusion
C had worked/was writing D have worked/am writing
62 I can’t go with you as I ………my work
A hadn’t finished D doesn’t finish C haven’t finished D am not finishing
63 ……….to the laboratory this week?
64 We …… all our housework by tomorrow morning
A will finish B have finished C will have finished D are finishing
65 My father ……….for four years in the last war
Trang 22A fight B fought C have fought D had fought
66 Coming in to the room he…… Mary where he………her
A saw/left B had seen/had left C saw/had left D sees/leaves
67 Come to see me at 5 this afternoon I ………home until 4.30
A won’t arrive B aren’t arriving C am not arriving D will arrive
68 At this time next week they ………in the train on their way to Paris
A will sit B are sitting C are going to sit D will be sitting
69 I ………her since we left school
70 Look at the sky There are a lot of black clouds It ………
A is raining B will rain C is going to rain D was raining
71 I like looking at these pictures, but I enough by lunch-time
72 John tennis once or twice a week
73 I for Christine Do you know where she is?
74 At 5 o’clock yesterday evening, I my clothes
75 I along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me
76 She German for two years
77 The earth round the sun
78 Mathematics very interesting to me
79 After he the house, he wrote a letter
80 There are no more appeals We them all
81 Mark was listening to music while his sister a book
82 They serving meals by the time we get to the restaurant
83 Tomorrow I my grandparents
A am going to visit B will have visited C have visited D visit
84.Ted and Amy for 24 years
A married B have been married C were married D has been married
85 I think the weather better later
86 I was sad when I sold my car I it for a long time
A am running B were running C had been running D have been running
87 .a car when they were living in London?
A Have they B Did they have C Were they having D Have they had
88 She angry when she knows this
89 When their first child was born, they married for three years
Trang 23C will be married D will have been married
90 Sorry, I can’t stop now I to an important appointment
91 I Peter today
A not have seen B do not see C have not seen D was not seen
92 She music all day Now she feels tired
93 Last year they 22 million TV sets
94 I my son the money for the last week
95 I lots about the job so far
96 At last the bus came We for half an hour
97 I at the end of the month
A will leave B would leave C would have left D is leaving
98 Bad driving often many accidents
99 Look! The man to open the door of your car
100 The Olympic Games every four years
CONDITION
Câu điều kiện I
Clause 1 (the simple future) + if + Clause 2 (the simple present)
– Diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
We’ll pass the exam if we work hard
4 If….not…= Unless
Ví dụ:
- I won’t visit you if I don’t have time
→ Unless I have time, I won’t visit you
Câu điều kiện II
Clause 1 (would + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple past tense)
– Diễn tả sự việc không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai Khi viết lại câu phải viết ngược nghĩa
với câu gốc ban đầu
Eg: I would fly if I were a bird
(but I am not a bird and I can’t fly)
Notes:
Clause 1 (might/ could + V) + if + Clause 2 (the simple past tense)
→ chỉ khả năng
Ví dụ: He might succeed if he tried
I could speak French well if I lived in France
Câu điều kiện loại III
Clause 1 (would have + P2) + if + Clause 2 (the past perfect)
– Câu điều kiện loại III là câu điều kiện không có thật ở quá khứ khi viết lại câu phải viết ngược nghĩa với câu gốc ban đầu
We would have got good marks if we had prepared our last lesson carefully
Câu điều kiện loại 0
Sự thật luôn đúng, cả 2 vế đều dùng hiện tại đơn
Eg: if you boil water at 100 degree, it evaporates
Trang 24Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp
Nếu 2 vế của câu gốc ban đầu lệch thì (thường có now, right now…và 1 vế là quá khứ đơn) thì
đưa về điều kiện hỗn hợp
If + S + Had + Pii, S + would + Vo
Eg: he didn’t eat lunch so he is hungry right now
-> if he had eaten lunch, he would not be hungry right now
D But for + noun + điều kiện loại II, III
But for: nếu không có…, nếu không vì…………
You help me everyday so I can finish my work
→ But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work
The teacher explained and we understood
→ But for the teacher’s explanation, we wouldn’t have understood
E một số mẫu câu có thể thay thế cho IF với nghĩa tương đương
Provided that, so (as) long as : miễn là; on condition that: với điều kiện là
In case: trong trường hợp là
Ex: You can borrow my book provided that you bring it back
**Câu điều kiện ở lời nói gián tiếp:
1.Điều kiện có thật,có thể xảy ra: áp dụng quy tắc chung của lời nói gián tiếp
Eg.He said,”If I have much money,I’ll travel around the world.”
àHe said (that)If he had much money ,he would travel around the world
2.Điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3 : giữ nguyên thì, chỉ đổi đại từ và trạng ngữ về thời gian
Eg.”If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”,he said
àHe said If he had two wings,he would fly everywhere
** Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện (đảo vế IF)
Loại 1: should + S + Vo,…………
Eg: if the sun shines, they will go for camping
-> should the sun shine,…………
Loại 2: were + S + to + Vo
Eg: if the sun shined, they would go for camping
-> were the sun to shine, ………
Loại 3: had + S + Pii,………… Nếu ở dạng phủ định thì had + S + not + Pii
Eg: if the sun had shined, they would have gone for a camping
-> had the sun shined,…………
I
Câu điều kiện 1
1 If I see him I (give) ……….him a lift
2 The table will collapse if you (stand) ……….on it
3 If he (eat)……… all that he will be ill
4 If I find your passport I (telephone)……… you at once
5 The police (arrest)……… him if they catch him
6 If he (read)……… in bad light, he will ruin his eyes
7.if the boy steal ball, the police (punnish) ……….him
8 if you work hard, you (pass)……… the exam
9.If he (try)……… much more, he will improve his English
Câu điều kiện 2
1 If I had a typewriter I (type) ………it myself
2 If I (know) ………his address I'd give it to you
3 He (look) ………a lot better if he shaved more often
4 If you (play)……… for lower stakes you wouldn't lose so much
5 If he worked more slowly he (not make) ………so many mistakes
6 I shouldn't drink that wine if I (be) ………you
7 if the dog (bark, not)………, I wouldn’t know that the house was broken in
Trang 258 If I (be)………rich, I would travel around the world.
9 What would we do if I (be) ………to lose my job
Câu điều kiện 3
1 If I had known that you were in hospital I (visit) ………you
2 The ground was very soft But for that, my horse (win)………
3 If you (arrive)……… ten minutes earlier you would have got a seat
4 You would have seen my garden at its best if you (be)……… here last week
5 But for his quickness I (be)……… killed
6 I shouldn't have believed it if I (not see) ………it with my own eyes
7 If I hadn’t been in a hurry, I (have,not)……… an accident
8 If we (know) ………that you were there, we would have written you a letter
9.If we (lost, not………) our way, we would have arrived sooner
10 If he had studied harder for that test, he (pass)……… it
II
1)If that hat costs much, I (would have bought/will buy/bought/would buy) a small one
2) If you (drive/drove/had driven/driven) more carefully, you wouldn’t have had so many
accidents
3) If I (make/makes/made/had made) that mistake again, my teacher will get angry with me
4) If I spoke English, my job (was/were/will be/would be) a lot easier
5) If he (goes/went/had gone/would go) to London yesterday, he (met/would meet/had met/would have met) his old friend
6) I will lend them some money if they (ask/will ask/asked/had asked) me
7) If we had known who he was, we (would have invited/have invited/will invite/would invite)
him to speak at our meeting
8) My dog will bark if it (hear/hears/heard/had heard) any strange sound
9) If I (had/had had/will have/have) enough money, I would buy a house
10) They (won’t let/not let/wouldn’t let/hadn’t let) you in if you come late
11) If you (not go/don’t go/hadn’t gone/didn’t go) away, I’ll send for a policeman
12) If I (were/am/be/was) in your place, I would accept Mr Anderson’s invitation
13) If I (win/had won/won/winning) a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job
14) If I (is/am/was/were) you, I (will tell/told/would tell/would have told) the truth
15) I was busy If I (have/had/had had/have had) free time I (would go/will go/would have
gone/go) to the cinema with you
16) Why didn’t you attend the meeting?
Oh, I did not know If I (know/knew/had known/known) I (would come/would have come/will
come/had come) there
17) What (would/will/did/had) we do if they do not come tomorrow?
18) If I had enough time now, I (would write/write/will write/wrote) to my parents
19) It’s too bad Helen isn’t here If she (is/was/were/are) here, she (will know/knows/would
know/would have known) what to do
20) If I don’t eat breakfast tomorrow morning, I (will get/got/would get/had got) hungry during
class
21) If she (come/comes/came/had come) late again, she’ll lose her job
22) I’ll let you know if I (find/finds/found/had found) out what’s happening
23) If we (live/lived/would live/had lived) in a town, life would be better
24) I’m sure he wouldn’t mind if we (arrive/arriving/arrived/had arrived) early
25) We (will phone/would phone/phoned/had phoned) you if we have time
26) If I won the lottery, I (gave/had given/will give/would give) you half the money
27) It (will/would/can/may) be a pity if she married Fred
28) If I’m free on Saturday, I (to go/could go/went/can go) to the mountains
29) She (will has/had/will have/have) a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this
30) I know I’ll feel better if I (will stop/stopped/stop/had stopped) smoking
Trang 26III Choose the best option
1- It would have been a much more serious accident……… fast at the time
A- had she been driving B- was she driving C- she had driven D- she drove
2- Can I borrow your car for this evening? – Sure, but Nora’s using it right now If she … it back, you are welcome to borrow it
A- brought B- would bring C- will bring D- brings
3- I didn’t get home until well after midnight last night Otherwise, I…… your call
A- returned B- had returned C- would return D- would have returned
4- If energy………inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would be different
A- is B- will be C- were D- would be
5- We……… the game if we’d had a few more minutes
A_ might have won B- won C- had won D- will win
6- I………Alan with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other
A_ hadn’t brought B- didn’t bring
C- wouldn’t have brought D- won’t bring
7- The lecturer last night didn’t know what he was talking about, but if Dr Mason………,
I would have listened carefully
A- had been lecturing B- was lecturing C- would lecture D- lectured
8- If you………to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now
A- listen B- will listen C- had listened D- listened
9- ………… interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it
A- Were I B- Should I C- I was D- If I am
10- If I………the same problems you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have
A- have B- would have C- had had D- should have
11- I…………you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital
A- would have visited B- visited C- had visited D- visit
12- ……….more help, I could call my neighbor
Trang 27A- Needed B- Should I need C- I have needed D- I should need
13- ……… then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years
A- Had I known B- Did I know C- If I know D- If I would know
14- I didn’t know you were asleep Otherwise, I………… so much noise when I came in
A- didn’t make B- wouldn’t have made c- won’t make D- don’t make
15- When I stopped talking, Sam finished my sentence for me as though he………… my mind
A- would read D- had read C- reads D- can read
16- If you………., I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch TV, but I didn’t want to bother you
A- had studied B- studied C- hadn’t been studying D- didn’t study
17- I wish I……… you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself
A- can lend B- could lend C- would lend D- will lend
18- “Are you lost?” – “I think so I wish we……… the map with us today.”
A- were bringing B- brought C- had brought D- would bring
19- If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I………… in a bank
A- work B- will work C- have worked D- would be working
20- What……… today if you hadn’t come here this weekend?” – “I guess I’d be putting on extra hours at my office.”
A- did you do - can you do C- will you be doing D- would you be doing
IV Put the verbs in brackets in correct tenses.(1)
1/ If I (have) a typewriter, I could type it myself
2/ If I had known that you were in hospital , I (visit) you
3/ You could make much progress if you (attend) class regularly
4/ If I (know) his telephone number, I would give it to you
5/ If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat
6/ If he (study) harder, he can pass an exam
7/ She may be late if she (not hurry)
Trang 288/ Tell him to ring me if you (see) him.
9/ If you (speak) more slowly,he might have understood you
10/ What (you do) if you got fat ?
Supply the correct verb tense.(2)
1/ If you are kind to me, I (be) _ good to you
2/ He (come) _ if you waited
3/ If you (ring) _ the bell, the servant would come
4/ If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) _ him
5/ If it (not, rain) _ a lot, the rice crop wouln’t grow
6/ If today (be) _ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work
7/ If she had had your address, she (write) _ to you
8/ We lost the match If you (play) _ for us, we (win) _
9/ So long as you return the book by Saturday, I (lend) _ it to you with pleasure
10/ They would not be paid unless they (do) _ their work well
11/ Provided he (not, be) _ interrupted, he can finish the work on time
12/ If it (be) _ convenient, let’s meet at three o’clock
13/ If I became very rich, I (build ) _ a hospital for the poor
14/ If he (give) _ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again
15/ He (not, have) _ an accident if he had not been driving so fast
16/ If she (write) _ more carefully, she might not have made too many mistakes
17/ You would have to stay in bed unless your health (improve) _
18/ were she to have more practice, she (speak) _ English better
19/ Had I known that she was sick, I (visit) _ her
20/ Supposing World War III (happen) , human civilization (be) _ destroyed
V Put “if” or “unless” into these spaces.
1/ we hurry, we’ll miss the bus
Trang 292/ Will you phone me you come to England ?
3/ you see Jane, ask her to contact me
4/ You’ll never pass your exam you don’t work harder
5/ Liverpool won’t win they begin playing better
6/ you forget our address, you can find it in the phone book
7/ You won’t pass your driving test you drive more carefully
8/ He’ll be ill he doesn’t stop worrying so much
9/ We’ll go to the beach tomorrow it’s raining
10/ We’ll never get there on time the train leaves soon
V Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
1/ We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible If it (be) … had been … a nice day, we (go) … would have gone … for a picnic.
2/ Why don’t you explain everything to him ? If you (not tell) _ him the truth, I’m sure you (regret) _ it one day
3/ Mary was here not long ago If you (come round) _ earlier, you (see) her.4/ Apparently, the ferry company are planning to close the port in this town If that
(happen) _, the town (lose) _ a great deal of money
5/ I (help) _ you with it if I (have) _ more time but I’m afraid I haven’t got any spare time at all at the moment
6/ The government is expecting to win the next election, but if it (lose) _, the Prime Minister (resign) _ from politics
7/ I am so glad that you took me to your friend’s party If we (not go) _ there, I
(never meet) _ Kate Winset
8/ It’s ridiculous that trains are so expensive If fares (be) _ cheaper, I’m sure more people (use) _ the train and leave their cars at home
9/ If she (get) _ that job she’s applied for, she (be) _ delighted And I think she got a good chance of getting it
10/ Fortunately the explosion took place at night when the streets were empty It (be)
_ a disaster if it (happen) _ in the middle of the day
11/ The talks between the two leaders keep breaking down If they (break down) _ again, it is possible that there (be) _ a war between the two countries
12/ If Alison (know) _ anything about car mechanics, I’m sure she (help) _
us fix the car, but I think she knows even less than we do
13/ They’ve been married for twenty years now but I don’t think she (marry) _ him
if she (know) _ what a selfish man he was
14/ Children spend too much time watching television and playing computer games I’m
sure they (be) _ happier if they (spend) _ more time playing outside
15/ James has everything he wants but he’s always moaning I’m sure that if I (have)
_ so much money, I (not moan) _ all the time
VI
Trang 301. You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me.
Trang 315/ He works overtime to get more money because he has to pay father’s debt.
Trang 321.I had a baby I gave up my job
If
2.in case I miss the train,I can take the taxi
If 3.The policeman showed me the way,so I found the house
If 4.I didn’t go to the party so that I didn’t meet Mary
If
5.The dog was muzzled,so it didn’t hurt anyone
If 6.I don’t travel around the world because I don’t have a lot of money
If 7.You’ll avoid waiting by booking a table in advance
If 8.I didn’t prepare well for the test, so I didn’t get that score
If
9.Tom isn’t in my place,so he doesn’t understand
If 10.She gets up late.She won’t catch the morning train
15 You will catch a cold unless you put on your coat
VII Use “if” in place of “unless”
1/ We won’t go out unless it stops raining
-
2/ I will call the police unless you give back my bicycle
Trang 33VIII: reported speech of condition
1 “If I were you, I would help him.” She said
11 “ If my English had been better, I would have applied for a job of an interpreter for a
tradingcompany”, Ann said
→
12.“ If I were you, I’d stop smoking” Janny said
→
Trang 3413.“If you are late tomorrow, I will fire you,” he said
→
IX
1 If we will reduce the speed of population growth, there will be less pressure on the earth
2 Unless we leave a bowl of water under the sun, it will evaporate
3 If we continue to use fuels at the current rate, we would soon have to face a fuel crisis
4 If I am 10 centimeters taller, I would play basketball
5 If the doctors could find in the remedy, a lot of people would be saved
6 If she bought that house now, she ran out of money
7 What you would do if you could speak French well?
8 If I had known he is not at home, I wouldn’t have gone all the way to his house
9 If I had known that the road were flooded, I would never have taken that way
10 If I were you, I will go to the dentist’s and have the tooth checked
11 (A)Unless there (B)had been a (C)heavy storm, the climber (D)will not have died
12 He (A)spends money (B)carelessly (C)as if he (D)was a millionaire
13 (A)They spent money (B)as if (C)they (D)were very rich
14 (A)What (B)would you have do (D)if you (D)were in my position?
15 (A)If I (B)had knew the time (C)when the match started, I (D)would have told you
16 If (A)had I known you (B)were (C)in financial difficulty, I (D)would have helped you
17 (A)If she (B)had listened (C)to my direction she (D)will not turn down the wrong street
18 My children (A)won’t go to bed (B)unless they (C)don’t have (D)some money
19 If you (A)keep on (B)playing games (C)on the computer, I (D)would sell it
20 (A)Unless it (B)rains, we (C)will stay (D)at home
21 (A)If I (B)am (C)a director, I (D)would make more film about children
22 We (A)will go (B)to see the film “Titanic” (C)if the weather (D)is fine or not
23 (A)Had he planned (B)on going, he (C)will have let us (D)know
24 (A)If forests (B)had not been destroyed, there (C)will have been (D)no floods
25 What (A)will happen (B)if there (C)was (D)no water
REPORTED SPEECH
A.Grammar:
**câu tường thuật là loại câu thuật lại lời nói của một người khác dưới dạng gián tiếp
Eg:Hoa said,”I want to go home”
Hoa said she wanted to go home
Notes: a.nếu động từ tường thuật chia ở thì hiện tại thì giữ nguyên động từ chính, chỉ đổi các
đại từ chỉ định, trạng từ nơi chốn, thời gian
Eg:Hoa says,”I want to go home”
Động từ TT-V chinh
Hoa says she wants to go home
-He says,”I am going to Hanoi next week”
He says he is going to HN next week
b.lùi động từ chính 1 bậc theo quy tắc
Tenses:
Direct Speech(Lời nói trực tiếp) Reported Speech(lời nói gián tiếp)
Present simple Hiện tại đơn Past simple Quá khứ đơn
Present progressive Hiện tại tiếp diễn Past progressive Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Past simple Quá khứ đơn Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Past progresive Quá khứ tiếp diễn Past perfect progressive QK hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Present perfect Hiện tại hoàn thành Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Present perfect progressive
Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Past perfect progressive Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Trang 35Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành Past perfect Quá khứ hoàn thành
Past perfect progressive
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Past perfect progressive Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
*Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn cũng như đại từ chỉ định được thay đổi theo quy tắc sau:
Today à that day
Tonight àthat night
Tomorrow àthe next day/the following day this àthat
Yesterday àthe day before/the previous day these àthose
Ago àbefore this/that àthe
Now àthen here àthere
last Tuesday àthe previous Tuesday/the Tuesday before
The day after tomorrow àin two days’ time/two days later
àNguyên tắc trên được áp dụng cho tất cả các loại câu tường thuật
**Có 4 loại câu tường thuật cơ bản:
1.Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)
S+say(s)/said+(that)+S+V
*says/say to+Oàtells/tell+O said to+Oàtold+O
Eg:He said to me”I haven’t finished my work”
àHe told me (that) he hadn’t finished his work
Cách 2: He said to me (that) he hadn’t finished his work
2.Reported questions:(Tường thuật dạng câu hỏi)
Eg ”Are you angry?”he askedàHe asked if/whether I was angry
(Chuyển câu hỏi ở câu trực tiếp sang dạng khẳng định rồi thực hiện thay đổi thì,trạng từ chỉ thời
Eg.”What are you talking about?”said the teacher
àThe teacher asked us what we were talking about
3.Reported commands.(Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh)
-admit(thừa nhận),deny(phủ nhận),stop,suggest +-ing form)
**Câu điều kiện ở lời nói gián tiếp:
1.Điều kiện có thật,có thể xảy ra:Chúng ta áp dụng quy tắc chung của lời nói gián tiếp
Eg.He said,”If I have much money,I’ll travel around the world.”
Trang 36àHe said (that)If he had much money ,he would travel around the world.
2.Điều kiện không có thật/giả sử:Chúng ta giữ nguyên,không đổi
Eg.”If I had two wings,I would fly everywhere”,he said
àHe said If he had two wings,he would fly everywhere
4 reported speech with gerund or infinitive
với dạng câu tường thuật có thể viết lại bằng cách dùng các danh động từ hoặc động từ nguyên thể bằng cách giữ nguyên các cấu trúc của động từ hoặc động từ nguyên thể
Ex : Reported statements(tường thuật dạng câu kể)
1 “I went to see him yesterday”
à she said to me ………
2 “I don’t want to meet him again”
àshe said to her friend………
3 he explained “I didn’t break the vase”
à he explained to his
mother………
4 my mother said” I am cooking now”
à my mother said to me………
5 “ I like this book” he said
àhe told me that………
6 “I went to Do Son last week” she said
à she said to him………
7 “I’ve never eaten meat” he said
à he said to his wife………
8 “I’ll never get married” Tom says
à Tom says………
9 “the children have to go to bed early” said Tom
Tom said to his wife………
10 she said “I am taller than my husband”
à she said to me………
11 “you must do exercise” the teacher told him
à the teacher told him that
………
12 “I feel like going to America soon” the woman said to me
à the woman said to me
that………
13 “this house was built in 1980” he said
à he said to the guest………
14 “Tom’ll be here next sunday”
à he told me that………
15 “these boys are playing tennis now” the mother told the father
àThe mother told the father
that………
16 “last Tuesday, when I was walking the street, I met him” she told me
à She told me………
17 “the big star will perform here the day after tomorrow” the leader told the group
à The leader told the group
that………
18 “he has been to London last Monday” my mother said to me
à My mother said to me………
19 “this glass is made of plasstic” the teacher told the pupils
à The teacher told the
pupils………
Trang 3720 “I bought some beer yesterday” he said
Trang 38Reported commands.(Tường thuật câu mệnh lệnh)
1 My friend said to me “study hard!”
Change this direct speech into reported speech:
1 “He works in a bank”
She said _
2 “We went out last night”
Trang 39Change the direct speech into reported speech:
1 “Please help me carry this”
Trang 408 “Would you mind passing the salt?”