The research is a sure-fire solution to apply on realistic condition due to its feasibility and low cost for a development of sustainable agriculture in Vietnam as the top aims of Sony Green competition

Waste treatment by aquatic plant: Table: Part of aquatic plants in a system of treatment waste water Plant Object -Root or body -Body or leafs on water surface or over surface -Bracket

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

-o0o -

Breeding as one of the major sections of agriculture is playing a vital role in Vietnam including the Mekong Delta However, waste of breeding activity has not been treated well It is one of the most important reasons which cause pollution of river resources

In order to cope with these challenges, human must have experimental science to find the way to improve the environment, research to apply waste

treatment of aquatic plant with their bio-filter capability

Ludwigia (Jussiaea repens L.) is one of aquatic plants which normally

develop at riverbank, in particular in polluted environment Ludwigia has a great potential in waste treatment which is unfortunately not researched carefully

Due to this reason, this study is performed with the purpose of diving deeply

in researching Ludwigia’s capability in waste treatment The research is a sure-fire solution to apply on realistic condition due to its feasibility and low cost for a development of sustainable agriculture in Vietnam as the top aims of Sony Green competition

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CHAPTER 2: TREATMENT WASTE WATER IN BREEDING

BY AQUATIC PLANT

-o0o - 2.1 Classification aquatic plant:

2.1.1 Aquatic plant live sink:

2.1.2 Aquatic plant live drift:

2.1.3 Aquatic plant live float:

Table: Some of aquatic plants popular Type Scientific name

Aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata

live sink Myriophyllum spicatum

Blyxa aubertii

Eichhornia crassipes Aquatic plant Wolfia arrhiga

live drift Pistia stratiotes

Salvinia spp

Typha spp

Aquatic plant Scirpus spp

live float Phragmites communis

Jussiaea repens L

2.2 Some of aquatic plants in Mekong delta

- Aquatic plant live drift:

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- Aquatic plant live float

Figure: Seed

2.3 Composition of the body in an aquatic plant:

- Content of water

- Content of protein

2.4 Biological treatment:

2.4.1 Use pond for treatment waste water:

2.4.2 Waste treatment by aquatic plant:

Table: Part of aquatic plants in a system of treatment waste water

Plant Object

-Root or body

-Body or leafs on water surface

or over surface

-Bracket for bacterium to develop -Filtration and absorption nutriment

-Absorbing daylight and so preventing excessive development of alga

-Decreasing influence of air on the waste surface

-Decreasing exchange between waste and air around

-Transferring oxygen from leafs to root

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CHAPTER 3: OBJECT STUDY

LUDWIGIA – JUSSIAEA REPENS L

AND CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTE WATER IN BREEDING

-o0o -

3.1 Object study Ludwigia – Jussiaea repens L

- Scientific name is Jussiaea repens L (family name

OENOTHRERACEAE), normal name is Ludwigia

- Stature: weed, rise over surface by white float-root and

knotty tree

- Leafs: simple leaf, 2 type of broad leafs; upper-leaf

and under-leaf

- Flower: ivory-white flower, blade 1cm, petal, hairy-overy, triangle-carpel

- Habitation: rise into the fields, humidity 0 - 1000m in Viet Nam, blossom from June to September

Figure: Ludwigia with white float-root

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3.2 Characteristics of waste water in breeding:

Table: Some of chemical-physical index in waste water

COD: Chemical oxygen demand;

BOD: Biochemical oxygen demand, measured over 5 day at 20oC

3.3 Structure of waste treatment by aquatic plant – Ludwigia

3.3.1 Structure disposes of BOD:

Figure: Relation symbiosis between

Aquatic plant (AP) and Micro-organism (MO)

(1) Bracket for micro-organism develops

(2) Supply oxygen for micro-organism that disintegrate aerobic organic

3.3.2 Structure disposes of Phosphate:

3.3.3 Structure disposes of Bacterium:

3.3.4 Structure disposes of heavy metal:

3.3.5 Structure decrease a phenomenon “alga bloom”

Value Index Unit Before deposit After deposit

Temperature 0C

pH -

COD mg/l

BOD5 mg/l

6,5 - 7,8 6 - 7,8

3000-4000 300-530

organic

New substance is easy for absorbtion and transformation

MO

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CHAPTER 4: OBJECTIVE - METHOD OF STUDY

-o0o - 4.1 Objective research

- General objectives: Improving the quantity of waste water in breeding to protect environment and develop sustainability in agriculture

- Concrete objectives:

+ Investigate some chemical-physical index in waste water with Ludwigia + Investigate a growing capability of Ludwigia in waste water and pure water

+ Comparison and conclusion about Ludwigia’s impacts in waste treatment

- Study about the construction of a waste treatment system with aquatic plant

– Ludwigia

4.2 Method of study

4.2.1 Stage of study

- Stage I: Investigate a capability Ludwigia grow in different concentration

of waste water (Experiment confirm)

- Stage II: Investigate some chemical-physical index between of equation by time and growing capability Ludwigia in waste water

- Stage III: Analyse data and conclude the waste treatment capability of Ludwigia

4.2.2 Material – Means of study

+ Ludwigia

+ Brass basin for dispose experiment: 10

+ Other tool: can (2 l), pen, tent (nilon), balance, and ruler cm

+ Waste water in breeding farm: 490 (H7), 1A street, Can Tho city

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Figure: Waste water in breeding farm

(where collect assay sample) without treatment

+ Pure water: NIVA (Company Sang Ñuc, 53/3 Nguyen Viet Dung street- Binh Thuy District – Can Tho city) SXTCVN: 6096:1995 Number CBCL: 009/2005/CBTC-YTCT

+ Machines and chemical substance in laboratory of department Environment in Can Tho University and Chamber of Environment Monitoring in Can Tho city

Figure: Area for dispose the experiment

4.2.3 Time – Position of study:

- Time: from 08-2005 to 09-2005

- Dispose in breeding farm

- Source of waste water is collected on pond (150m2)

4.2.4 Method of study

4.2.4.1 Stage I: (1 week)

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- Experiment: Ludwigia live in concentration 100% and pure water

4.2.4.2 Stage II: (3 weeks)

- Investigate some chemical-physical index between of equation by time and growing capability Ludwigia in waste water Since then we can compare with different concentration, analyse data of study and conclude about the waste treatment of Ludwigia

- Experiment is disposed such as:

Each brass basin has 10l (waste or pure water) with 5 plants same size (35±2cm)

Figure: Brass basin: waste concentration 100% with 5 plants

1 equation has 3 brass basin:

+ Brass basin 1: waste concentration 100%

+ Brass basin 2: waste concentration 50%

+ Brass basin 3: pure water

1 equation has repeat 3 sets

- Stage of preparing for experiment:

Ludwigia: (mark each of plant)

+ Measure an initially length of plants (35±2cm)

+ Count number of leafs on each of plant

+ Observe figure of plant (colour of leafs and body)

Water experiment:

+ Mark water-level in each of brass basin

+ Collect specimen and analyse some chemical-physical index: pH, EC, BOD, COD

+ Pour out the pure water loss because of evaporation

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+ Measure again the initially length of plants (35±2cm)

+ Count again the number of leafs on each of plant

+ Observe figure of plant (colour of leafs and body)

Water experiment: collect 1 set /week

+ Add same volume of the pure water for the loss because of evaporation and collect specimen

+ Analyse specimen (index: pH, EC, BOD, COD)

Figure: Brass basin: waste concentration 50% with 5 plants

4.2.4.3 Stage III:

- Summarize the result

- Conclusion and point out the approach for expansion of the study

4.2.5 Collection and preservation the assay sample:

4.2.6 Elements of water analyse:

- pH: no unit

- EC: unit μs/cm

- BOD: unit mg/l

- COD: unit mg/l

4.2.7 Method of analyse water:

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CHAPTER 5: RESULT OF EXPERIMENT

-o0o - 5.1 Change elements of experiment water: (Stage II)

5.1.1 pH:

Table: Change pH between of equation (NT) by time

Time Average in 3 basins/1 equation

Date 1/9 Date 10/9 Date 20/9

NT I: pure water+plant

NT II: waste water 50%+plant

NT III: waste water 100%+plant

7.69 7.43 7.13

6.84 8.74 8.71

6.45 7.55 8.49

pH

0 2 4 6 8 10

1/9 10/9 20/9

I II III

Figure: Graph of perform a change pH by time

Figure: Diagram of pH increasing mechanism

3 3

−

CO2 − + H O ↔OH − +CO

+ Organic Bacterium

Alga

O2

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5.1.2 Change EC by time:

Table: Change EC (mS/cm) between of equation (NT) by time Time

Average in 3 basins/1 equation

Date 1/9

Date 10/9

Date 20/9

34.0 80.8 166.9

26.9 58.8 122.9

24.5 37.3 112.2

EC

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

1/9 10/9 20/9

I II III

Figure: Graph of perform a change EC (mS/cm) by time

5.1.3 Change COD by time:

Table: Change COD (mg/l) between of equation (NT) by time

Date 1/9

Date 10/9

Date 20/9

6 223.76 338.96

18.40 193.63 129.63

17.04 50.4 89.6

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0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

1/9 10/9 20/9

I II III

Figure: Graph of perform a change COD (mg/l) by time

5.1.4 Change BOD by time:

Table: Change BOD (mg/l) between of equation (NT) by time

Date 1/9 Date 20/9

5

190

340

15

40

50

Figure: Graph of perform a change BOD (mg/l) by time

5.2 Change the growing of plant – Jussiaea repens L:

5.2.1 The length of body:

III 1/9 20/9

0 100 200 300

400

BOD (mg/l)

BOD

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Date 1/9 Date 10/9 Date 20/9

35

37.9 37.3 36.1

39.7 40.1 40.9

L

32 34 36 38 40 42

1/9 10/9 20/9

III

Figure: Graph of perform a change the length (L cm) of body by time

5.2.2 Quantity of leafs:

Table: Change quantity of leafs (D) between of equation (NT) by time Time

Average in 3 basins/1 equation

Date 1/9

Date 10/9

Date 20/9

22

20

16

14

15

19

24

D

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

1/9 10/9 20/9

I II III

Figure: Graph of perform a change quantity of leaf (D leaf) by time

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CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION - PROMOTION

-o0o - 6.1 Conclusion:

- Ludwigia has a capability to live and develop well in waste water It can filter waste water by means of change chemical-physical index in waste water, especially in waste water in 100% concentration

+ pH: it restricts the development of alga and keep value pH suitable for bacterium’s development

+ EC (Electro-conductive): decrease because low absorbtion of nutritive ions (NH4+, PO43-) in waste water, limit a phenomenon “alga bloom”

+ Concentration COD, BOD: decrease by increasing oxygen dissolve in water, create condition to acculturate the organic to the inorganic for plant absorb and root’s Ludwigia make a bracket for bacterium develop (BOD: H=87.2% and COD: H= 73.6% in waste water concentration 100%)

- Ludwigia grows in waste water with specific characteristics by a strong increase of bio-synthesis of plant after 2 weeks: length of body, quantity of leafs and colors of plant While Ludwigia grows in pure water, it has also a change but slowly after 1 week

- Color of leafs: Ludwigia grows in waste water, it has dark green colour and

leaf surface is large more than Ludgiwia which grows in pure water

6.2 Suggestion:

- We can study a change of waste concentration in breeding with Ludwigia

in condition to grow on the ground

- Investigate more indexes: TSS, TP, TN, N-NH4, PO43- (accumulation nitrogen, phosphate in body and root) and E.coli, Coliform for an accurate figure

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6.3 Expand of study:

- We can evaluate quality of waste water via complex treatment system and the size of breeding farm or family

Figure: Waste water treatment system in large breeding farm in Viet Nam

Liquid fertilizer Filter-bed Reticule Alga Anaerated pond Composting Ventilation Aerated pond Feces

Reserve pond

Aquatic plant

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Figure: Aerated pond for waste treatment by aquatic plant – Water hyacinth

in slaughterhouse at An Binh (91B street, Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city)

- In small size farm, we can use a simple system such as:

Figure: Waste water treatment system in breeding family

in Vinh Thanh Loi, Chau Phu, An Giang province

About 10 pigs

Compost

Liquid fertilizer + Feces

Bag Biogas (60m3) Cover acid Pond with aquatic plant Catfish

Water treat Canal Crop plant

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