Environmental, economic and social benefits of 3R approach in VN

Environmental, economic and social benefits of 3R approach in VN

Huynh Trung Hai Institute for Environmental Science and Technology

` Overview of agricultural waste generation and

it used in Vietnam

` Policy background and the national strategy

on 3R in Vietnam

` Opportunities for 3R approach on agricultural waste management

` Objectives

` Main components and outputs projected

` Related experiences of INEST

` A Arre ea a:: 331,900 km2

` P Po op pu ulla attiio on n:: 86.16 million

` P Po op p g grro ow wtth h rra atte e:: 1.18%

` G GD DP P:: $87 billion

Ń Industry : 39.91%

Ń Service : 38.1%

` G GD DP P g grro ow wtth h rra atte e:: 6.23 %

` N Na attiio on na all C Ca ap piitta all:: Hanoi

` A Ad dm miin niis sttrra attiiv ve e d diiv viis siio on ns s:: 63

provinces

Source: http://www.gso.gov.vn ,

W

Wa as stte e g ge en ne erra attiio on n 2 20 00 05 5

((M Mtt))

2

20 01 10 0 ((p prro ojje ecctte ed d))

((M Mtt)) Agricultural residues (straw,

bagasse, com cob, casava,

straw, rice husk, peanut and

coffee husk, etc.)

Source: Vietnam-Germany Symposium on Renewable Energy, HUT 16 Oct 2009

In rural areas, agricultural wastes are treated as:

- uncontrolled dumping Æ pollution, CH4 emission;

- a source of fuel (reused);

- org fertilizer, biomass, biogas Æ recycling potential.

Sources: IET-VAST

` HHaazzaarrddoouuss wwaasstteess: excess

fertilizers and pesticides

` In 2008:

- 1.77 million tons of excess

nitrogenous fertilizers;

- 2.07 million tons of excess

phosphate fertilizers;

- 0.34 million tons of excess

potassium fertilizers.

` Nearly 100% farming land

are fertilized

S

So ou urrc ce es s m miilllliio on n tto on nss

N

Nu um mb be err o off

a

an niim ma alls s

2

20 00 06 6 2 20 00 07 7 2 20 00 08 8

Source: GSO, 2009

- Number of breeding farms in 2008 was 16,700

-of which ~ 10% designed and equipped to treat their animal wastes

- Biogas production of animal dung: 2.0 billion m3

Ma atte erriia alls s

(( a ag grriiccu ullttu urra all

w

wa asstte ess))

W

Wa as stte e g

ge en ne erra atte ed d ((k kg g/ /a an niim ma all))

D Drry y c co on ntte en ntt ((%

C C/ /N N B Biio og ga as s o ou uttp pu utt

((lliitte err/ /k kg g o off ffrre essh h m ma atte erriia all))

Night soil 0.18 ² 0,34 20 - 34 2.9 ² 10 60 ² 70

Eichnoria

(fresh)

Source: Institute of Energy, 2008

` The 3 3R R a ap pp prro oa acch h in Vietnam has been emphasized

in umbrella policies:

- Viet Nam Agenda 21,

- National Strategy on Environmental Protection

to 2010 with vision toward 2020,

- Law on Environmental Protection 2005.

` The National Strategy on Waste 3R to 2020 has been being developed and rre ea acch he ed d tto o tth he e 4 4tth h-

-D

Drra afftt::

ƒ T To o 2 20 01 15 5,, tth he e g ge en ne erra all o ob bjje ec cttiiv ve es s a arre e s se ett::

Ń To improve the public awareness on 3R;

Ń Starting to form environmental friendly and energy saving life of the society;

Ń To establish the infrastructure, finance and human

resource for 3R implement

ƒ T Th he e s sp pe ec ciiffiic c tta arrg ge ett u un nttiill 2 20 01 15 5::

Ń 80 % of solid waste will be collected;

Ń Reduce the generated rate of solid waste;

Ń The amount of solid waste that requires land filling and incineration will be cut down to 70% of the total volume of collected waste while 30% will be reused and recycled

ƒ T To o 2 20 02 20 0,, tth he e g ge en ne erra all o ob bjje ec cttiiv ve es s a arre e s se ett::

Ń To form sustainable production and

consumption society.

ƒ T Th he e s sp pe ec ciiffiic c tta arrg ge ett u un nttiill 2 20 02 20 0::

Ń 95 % of solid waste will be collected;

Ń Reduce the generated rate of solid waste;

Ń The amount of solid waste that requires land filling and incineration will be cut down to 40%

of the total volume of collected waste while 60% will be reused and recycled;

` CH4 generation from uncontrolled dumping activities will inevitably contribute to GHG generation which in turn can impact global climate change;

Æ needs to rreedduuccee tthhee aammoouunntt ooff aaggrriiccuullttuurraall wwaasstteess

` Increasing environmental awareness among government agencies, business sector, and the general public;

` Rising cost of fossil fuels Æ needs to rraaiissee tthhee uussee ooff

b

biioommaassss aanndd bbiiooggaass;;

` Development of researches on biological decomposition and nneeww tteecchhnnoollooggiieess tthhaatt ccaann ttaakkee ffuullll aaddvvaannttaaggeess ooff a

aggrriiccuullttuurraall bbyy pprroodduucctt//wwaassttee Æ potentials of new

environmental sound products;

` Insightful policies have contributed to the success and potentials of waste bioconversion

` Evaluations to m ma ak ke e cclle ea arr e en nv viirro on nm me en ntta all,,

e

ecco on no om miicc,, a an nd d sso occiia all b be en ne effiittss o off 3 3R R a ap pp prro oa acch h ffo orr a

ag grriiccu ullttu urra all w wa asstte e m ma an na ag ge em me en ntt (include waste management policies)1.

` Conduct an e ex xa am miin na attiio on n p po olliicciie ess tto o m ma ax xiim miiz ze e m

mu ullttiip plle e b be en ne effiittss o orr m miin niim miiz ze e ttrra ad de e- -o offffss among air pollution control, waste management,

resource utilization of the 3R for agricultural

waste2.

1. Highlighting the multiple benefits of the 3Rs: promoting awareness-raising and

mainstreaming (2009-2010).

2. Improved governance for 3R implementation in agricultural waste in Vietnam (2010-2011).

3. Implications of sustainable resource circulation (2011-2012).

` INEST has started a research on co-benefits of climate benefit, energy co-generation from

agricultural waste, and the 3Rs in Vietnam

` In addition, this component will rre ev viie ew w tth he e rre ecce en ntt ttrre en nd dss a an nd d ccu urrrre en ntt sstta attu uss related to::

- Agricultural waste related environmental problems and their impact in Vietnam

- Baseline data on agricultural waste

- Status of agricultural waste management in Vietnam

` Collect and provide data/or comment and

discuss to ssu up pp po orrtt q qu ua an nttiitta attiiv ve e a an na ally yssiiss

environmental economics research

` Discuss g ge en ne erra all cch ha alllle en ng ge ess as well as ssp pe ecciiffiicc cch ha alllle en ng ge ess associated with development of evaluation methods:

- 'HWHUPLQH9LHWQDP·VDJULFXOWXUDOZDVWHUHF\FOH potential and enabling environment;

- Analysis of future scenario regarding biomass and biogas energy

` Implications of sustainable resource circulation:

- Examine how to develop policies to establish

environmentally sound resource cycles in Vietnam which contributes better resource utilization

` The gaps between challenges associated with

policy implementation and challenges specific to Vietnam in the countries implementing EPR policy and resource circulation policy.

` Policies developed to establish environmentally sound resource cycles in Vietnam.

` Project: Promotion of Sustainable Development in the

Context of Regional Economic Integration - Phase II

- Client: IGES (Japan)

- Activities performed: national case study on renewable energy and e-waste

` Project: CDM - compile a training document for

environmental reserchers and lectures in universities

- Year: 2006-2007

- Client: MOTE (Vietnam)

- Activities performed: Prepare training materials,

guidelines, policies and references on CDM