Application of RS and GIS in disaster managment

AT09.98 Applied GIS and Remote Sensing for Disaster Mitigation #1 Introduction 4 September, 2002 Fumio YAMAZAKI yamazaki@ait.ac.th http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yamazaki/ Course Outline 1

AT09.98 Applied GIS and Remote Sensing

for Disaster Mitigation

#1 Introduction

4 September, 2002

Fumio YAMAZAKI

yamazaki@ait.ac.th http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yamazaki/

Course Outline (1)

1 Introduction

1.1 Overview of Natural Hazards 1.2 Applications of GIS and RS to Disaster Mitigation

2 Hazard Analysis

2.1 Seismic and Tsunami Hazard 2.2 Volcanic Hazard

2.3 Flood Hazard

3 GIS Data and Inventory Development

3.1 GIS Data and Digital Maps 3.2 Data Acquisition for Built Environment

Course Outline (2)

4 Damage Assessment

4.1 Damage Assessment Methodologies

4.2 Early Damage Assessment

4.3 Examples of Damage Assessment Tools on GIS

5 Damage Detection and Disaster Monitoring

5.1 Satellite Remote Sensing for Damage Detection

5.2 Airborne Remote Sensing for Damage Detection

5.3 GPS and Real-time Monitoring

Class Schedule

1) 4 September Lecture Introduction 2) 11 September Lecture + Lab Seismic Hazard 3) 18 September Lecture + Lab Tsunami and Volcanic Hazard 4) 25 September Lecture + Lab

5) 2 October Lecture + Lab

6) 9 October Lecture + Lab

16 October Midterm Exam

7) 30 October Lecture + Lab Lecture on Flood by Dr Dutta 8) 6 November Lecture + Lab

9) 13 November Lecture + Lab

10) 20 November Lecture + Lab

27 November Final Exam

Grading System

The Final grade will be computed according to the

following weight distribution:

Mid-Term Exam 35%

Final Exam 35%

Laboratory 30%

Closed-book examinations are given both in the

mid-term and finals.

6

References

Lecture Note (PPT files) on the Web

http://www.star.ait.ac.th/~yamazaki/

Related reference books and materials

– P.A Longley, et al.: Geographical Information Systems and Science, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001

– T M Lillesand and R W Kiefer: Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, Fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2000.

– United Nations Initiative towards Earthquake Safe Cities: Risk Assessment Tool for Diagnosis of Urban Areas against Seismic Disasters, CD-ROM, http://www.unisdr.org.

– Canada Centre for Remote Sensing: Fundamentals of Remote Sensing: http://www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca/ccrs/eduref/tutorial/tutore.html

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Hazard, Risk and Disaster

Hazard Hazard: Circumstance of the occurrence of an event Probabilistic

Event

Event: A specific natural phenomenon

(e.g., earthquake, flood), an accident or an incident (e.g., traffic accident, terror )

Deterministic

System to

be affected

Loss (effect) Loss/effect due to an event

Deterministic/Probabilistic

Vulnerability; Probabilistic

R is

Probabilistic Modeling of Load and Resistance

Resistance: R

(vulnerability)

Load: L

(hazard)

l

pR (l) : the probability such that R< l

R L

l : a specific value of L

Probability of Failure

P f = P(L>R)

1 Introduction 1.1 Overview of Natural Hazards

Earthquakes, Tsunamis

Volcanic Eruptions

Tropical / Winter Storms

Floods, Droughts

Thunder Storms, Tornados

Geological Hazards

Hydro-Meteorological Hazards

10

Major natural catastrophes in the 20 th century

Munich Re Group:World of Natural Hazards, CD-ROM.

11

Costly Natural Catastrophes in the 20th Century

12

Natural Disasters in the World (Type, Period)

Source: Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Louvain Catholic University (CRED)

WC-21 <1975-1999>

Number of Disasters(Period/Type)-World Total

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400

1975-79 1980-84 1985-89 1990-94 1995-99

P er iod

Wind storm Wild fire Wave/surge Volcano Slide Insect infes-tation Flood Extreme temp Earthquake Drought

http://www.adrc.or.jp/databook/Index_eng.htm

Disaster: more than 10 people killed or more than 100 people affected

Amount of Damage in the World (Type,

Period)

WC-24 <1975-1999>

Amount of Damage(US $)(Period/Type)-World Total

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

1975-79 1980-84 1985-89 1990-94 1995-99

Period

Wind storm Wild fire Wave/surge Volcano Slide Insect infes-tation Flood Extreme temp Earthquake Drought

x US $ 1,000

W C -26 < 1975-1999>

Number of P eople Killed-W orld T otal

Americas 9%

Asia 51%

Oceania 0%

Africa 37%

Europe 3%

Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania

Total=1,552,985

WC -27 <1975-1999>

Total Number of A ffected People-World Total

Africa 6% Americas4%

Asia 88%

Oceania 1%

Europe 1%

Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania

Total=3,772,452,863

Breakdown

in continent

People killed

People affected

A C -2 < 1975-1999>

Number of P eople Killed-A sia T otal

Extreme temp 2%

Flood 15%

Wave/surge

1%

Wind storm

32%

Insect infes-tation 0%

Volcano

0%

Wild fire

0%

Slide

2%

Earthquake 48%

Drought 0%

Drought Earthquake Extreme temp Flood Insect infes-tation Slide Volcano Wave/surge Wild fire Wind storm

A C -4 < 1975-1999>

A mou nt of Damag e(US $)-A sia T otal

Drought 1%

Extreme temp 1%

Flood 31%

Earthquake 44%

V olcano

0%

Wild fire

7%

Wave/surge

0%

Slide

0%

Insect infes-tation

0%

Wind storm

Earthquake Extreme temp Flood Insect infes-tation Slide

V olcano Wave/surge Wild fire Wind storm

Total= 781,673

Total= 447 x 10 9 US$

Fault Rupture in the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan EQ

The Gujarat, India EQ on January 26, 2001

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Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes

Eruption of

Mt Usu, Japan, March 2000

Active Volcanoes Japan Hit by Typhoon Pabuk, August 21, 2001 http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_1503000/1503880.stm

Tropical Storm

26

Tropical and Winter Storms

Thai flood death toll rises to 164

August 15, 2001

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_1487000/1487394.stm

Major Floods

Map of torrential rain and seasonal focus

30

Tornado

Lightning

(1) Thailand vs Indonesia

Exposure to Natural Hazards

(2) Japan vs USA

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Exposure to Natural Hazards

(3) China vs India

1 Introduction

1.2 Applications of GIS and RS to Disaster Mitigation

Earthquakes, Tsunamis

Volcanic Eruptions

Floods

Tropical Storms

Tornados, Thunder Storms

Man-made Disasters (e.g., oil spills, terrors)

GIS and RS in Disaster Management

★

GIS and RS

Cycle of Disasters

Disaster Information Systems

Satellite Optical Sensor/SAR Airborne SAR

Aerial Photography

Aerial Television

700-900km

10-12km 1.2-3.5km

0.3km

185-575km

Space Shuttle

Remote Sensing

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Platforms and Sensors for RS

Objectives: Land cover, Urban modeling, Damage detection

Data Type: Spatial Information (2D, 3D) Æ GIS

Weather and Day Light: Optical Sensor, SAR

・ Aerial Television

・ Aerial Photography

・ Airborne SAR, LIDAR

・ Satellite SAR, Opt Sensor

Prompt Small High

Few Days Large Coarse

Action Area Resolution

Landsat-7 ETM+ image after the Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake on 17thAugust, 1999

Image acquired on

18 th August, 1999

RGB= bands 7, 5, 2

Resolution: 1m (Panchromatic), 4m (Multi-Spectral)

http://www.spaceimaging.com/carterra/applications/disaster/bhuj.htm

IKONOS Image of Bhuj, India on Feb 2, 2001

42

Lower Manhattan, Post Attack

9.15.2001

http://www.globexplorer.com/disasterimages/index.html

IKONOS Image

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Seismic Hazard

Building Inventory

Geological Data

Damage

Heavy

0%

10%

30%

50%

70%

90%

100%

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

PGV (cm/s)

W ■

RC ●

S ○

LS ▲

Vulnerability Damage Assessment using GIS

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Shake Map Development for the 1995 Kobe EQ based on Building Damage Data

Damage Classification

PGV (cm/s)

150

-120 - 150

90 - 120

60 - 90

30 - 60

- 30

No Building

Estimated Peak Ground Velocity

Development of building inventory on GIS is most costly in seismic risk assessment

Remote sensing is expected to serve this task…

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Microscopic GIS Database for Risk Assessment

◆Building Inventory

◆Estimated Damage

◆Information on Family

◆Preparedness

◆Building Inventory

◆Estimated Damage

◆Information on Family

◆Preparedness

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Landsat image of Mt Fugen, Japan,

before and after the eruption http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/lib/index_e.html

September 17, 1992

NOAA/AVHRR Images of Flood

in Changjiang (Yangtze) River,

China

http://aqua.cr.chiba-u.ac.jp/gdes/sid/ china98flood/yangtze/yangtze.html

1.1 km resolution

R, B: Visible band G: Near-infrared band

Hurricane Loss Estimation Model on GIS

http://www.nibs.org/hazus4b.htm

Wind Hazard

Wind Effects

Wind loading effects Building/facility response models

Structure/Physical Damage

Risk Assessment and Loss Analysis HAZUS (hazard US)

50

Area of stricken by forest fire, Mongolia

JERS-1 OPS, RGB=231

http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/lib/index_e.html

Oil outflow to Tokyo Bay on July 2, 1997

SPOT-2 (HX) image

After Oil Outflow July 3, 1997

http://www.eoc.nasda.go.jp/homepage.html

Before Oil Outflow August 21, 1996

Steps in assessing and mitigating losses

due to natural disasters

Inventory Collection

Hazard Identification

Natural Hazards Impact Assessment

Risk Evaluation & Engineering Assessment

Mitigation

Inventory Collection

Hazard Identification

Natural Hazards Impact Assessment

Risk Evaluation & Engineering Assessment

Mitigation

Field Survey,

RS, GIS

Hazard data,

RS, GIS

GIS