LEGISLATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ON ENVIROMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored EM and Overall Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Siniloan ...25Figure 4.3.. Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Spons

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

PAUL ANGEL ERLINDO P CANDOLE

LEGISLATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

BACHELOR THESIS

Study Mode: Full-time

Major: Environmental Science and Management

Faculty: International Training and Development Center

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

PAUL ANGEL ERLINDO P CANDOLE

LEGISLATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

BACHELOR THESIS

Study Mode: Full-time

Major: Environmental Science and Management

Faculty: International Training and Development Center

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

PAUL ANGEL ERLINDO P CANDOLE

LEGISLATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT

BACHELOR THESIS

Study Mode: Full-time

Major: Environmental Science and Management

Faculty: International Training and Development Center

DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

Degree Program Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science and ManagementStudent Name Paul Angel Erlindo P Candole

Student ID DTN1054140236

Thesis Title Legislative Productivity of Local Government on Environmental

Protection and ManagementSupervisor (s) Dr Nguyen The Hung and Dr Carlos Andam

Abstract:

Local government legislation on environmental related measure spells politicalcommitment on pushing the agenda for environment protection Environmentalmanagement is a shared responsibility among the many stakeholders even in the ruralareas However, there appear problematic areas affecting the pace of implementation

at local government levels Therefore the study was done to find out which factormight affect the mentioned legislation The factors are mostly about the background

of each different legislators as well as the target area’s barangay and population Thestudy was conducted in the 7 municipalities of the province of Laguna (Mabitac,Famy, Siniloan, Pangil, Pakil, Paete, Kalayaan) near the Laguna lake or de bay andhas not encountered a similar study The author used frequency and correlationcoeeficient analysis to find if legislative productivity has a relationship between localofficials / legislator (age, gender, and educational attainment); if legislativeproductivity is affected by number of barangays and municipal population; andnumber of violators and their penalties The study encountered limitations such asincomplete data (educational attainment, age, etc.), hard copies for number ofviolators and expansion of the study The study revealed that the municipality ofKalayaan and Pakil had the highest number of legislation on environmentalmanagement; gender and educational attainment of legislators affect the legislationrelated to the environment; while age showed different result

Keywords: Municipality, Municipal Ordinance, Legislation, Environmental

Management, Legislative Body/Sanguniang Bayan/LocalLegislator, Sponsor / Co-Sponsor

Number of Page: 50 pages

Date of

Submission:

October 2015

Lastly, the author offers his regard and blessings to all of those who supported him in any respect during the completion of this research.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES 1

LIST OF TABLES 3

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 4

PART I INTRODUCTION 5

1.1 Research Rationale 5

1.2 Research Objectives 7

1.3 Research Questions and Hypothesis 7

1.5 Limitations 8

1.6 Definitions 8

PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 9

2.1 Environmental Administration 9

2.2 Environmental Governance 9

2.3 Local Legislation 11

2.4 Local Legislators/ Legislative Body/ Sanguniang Bayan 11

2.5 Ordinance and Resolution 12

2.6 Elements of an Ordinance 12

2.7 Steps in Enacting Ordinance 13

PART III METHODS 17

3.1 Methods and Locations 17

3.1.1 Place of the Study 17

3.1.2 Time and Methods 17

3.2 Data Collection 18

3.3 Creating the Tables 19

3.3.1 Number of Barangay and Population 19

3.3.2 Sponsor and Co-sponsor Profile 19

3.3.3 Categorizing Municipal Ordinances 20

3.3.4 Title of Municipal Ordinance 20

3.4 Manual listing 20

3.5 Data Analysis 20

PART IV RESULTS 22

4.1 Categories of Municipal Ordinance of Municipalities 22

4.2 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (Higher Environmental Awareness) 24

4.3 Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (Higher Environmental Awareness)29 4.4 Age vs Sponsored and Co-sponsored (Higher Environmental Awareness) 33

4.4.1 Famy 33

4.4.1.1 Age vs Sponsored Municipal Ordinance (Environmental Management or EM) 33

4.4.1.2 Age vs Co-sponsored Municipal Ordinance (EM) 33

4.4.2 Siniloan 33

4.4.2.1 Age vs Sponsored Municipal Ordinance (Environmental Management or EM) 33

4.4.2.2 Age vs Co-sponsored Municipal Ordinance (EM) 34

4.4.3 Pangil 34

4.4.3.1 Age vs Sponsored Municipal Ordinance (Environmental Management or

EM) of Pangil 34

4.4.4 Pakil 34

4.4.4.1 Age vs Sponsored Municipal Ordinance (Environmental Management or EM) 34

4.4.4.2 Age vs Co-sponsored Municipal Ordinance (EM) 34

4.4.5.1 Age vs Sponsored Municipal Ordinance (Environmental Management or EM) 34

4.4.5.2 Age vs Co-sponsored Municipal Ordinance (EM) 35

4.5 Legislated Municipal Ordinance (EM) vs Number of Barangays 35

4.6 Legislated Municipal Ordinance (EM) vs Municipal Annual Population 35

4.7 Extent of Violation / Penalties 36

PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 37

5.1 Municipal Legislator’s Environmental Awareness 37

5.2 Legislator Educational Attainment, Gender and Age 37

5.3 Number of Municipal Barangay and Annual Population 38

5.4 Municipal Ordinance Violation 38

5.5 General Conclusion 39

REFERENCES 40 APPENDICES

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall)

Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Famy 24Figure 4.2 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall)

Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Siniloan 25Figure 4.3 Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Pangil with Unknown

Educational Background 26Figure 4.4 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall)

Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Pakil 26Figure 4.5 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall)

Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Kalayaan 27Figure 4.6 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall)

Ordinance in all of the 5 Municipalities (Famy, Siniloan, Pangil, Pakil andKalayaan) 28Figure 4.7 Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in

the Municipality of Famy 29Figure 4.8 Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in

the Municipality of Siniloan 30Figure 4.9 Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in

the Municipality of Pangil 30Figure 4.10 Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in

the Municipality of Pakil 31

Figure 4.11 Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in

the Municipality of Kalayaan 31Figure 4.12 Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in

all of the Municipalities (Famy, Siniloan, Pangil, Pakil and Kalayaan) 32

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 Number of Barangays and Population of each Municipalities in the year(2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010) 17Table 4.1 Categories of Municipal Ordinance of Municipalities 22

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

CBA – Cost Benefit Analysis

DA - Department of Agriculture

DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources

EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment

EM – Environmental Mangement

EMB - Environmental Management Bureau

HRMO – Human Resource Management Officer

LCE –Local Chief Executive

LGU – Local Government Unit

MAO - Municipal Agricultural Offices

MPDC – Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator

NIPAS Act - National Integrated Protected Areas System Act

NEPC - National Environmental Protection Council

NPCC - National Pollution Control Commission

PDS – Personal Data Sheet

RA –Republic Act

PART I INTRODUCTION1.1 Research Rationale

Local government legislation on environmental related measure spells politicalcommitment on pushing the agenda for environment protection In terms of legislativeproductivity which refers to the extent of enacting ordinances, the quantity and theareas of concern are important indicators of the extent of awareness and effectiveness

of implementation of environmental ordinances and policies by local leaders and ifappropriate, the execution of corresponding penalties to violators

Environmental management is a shared responsibility among the manystakeholders even in the rural areas However, there appear problematic areasaffecting the pace of implementation at local government levels The majority ofLGUs were stifling in their ability to perform the devolved functions, andenvironmental governance was below par, despite the tremendous support provided byexternal groups (Catacutan, Garrity & Cramb, 2004)

For the medium-term, an environment that is healthy, ecologically balanced,sustainably productive, climate change resilient, and one that provides for present andfuture generations of Filipinos is envisioned This vision will be pursued through anintegrated and community-based ecosystems approach to environment and naturalresources management, precautionary approach to environment and natural resources,sound environmental impact assessment (EIA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA).These, then, are all anchored on the principles of shared responsibility, goodgovernance, participation, social and environmental justice, intergenerational space

and gender equity, with people at the core of conservation, protection andrehabilitation, and developmental initiatives (NEDA, 2011).

In Laguna, Philippines, municipalities nearby the Laguna lake / de bay are theplaces that are immediately affected during flooding In the last 10 years, two floodingoccurrences were experienced destroying properties, infrastructure, agricultural andfishery production enterprises and worse even lives are taken from people who werenot able to manage to get away from the flood Water in the lake rose above a meter inthe last two flood occurrences A typhoon called Glenda, damaged infrastructure inCentral Luzon, Calabarzon, Mimaropa, Bicol, Eastern Visayas and Metro Manila has

so far reached P1 billion In Calabarzon, at least 106,539 houses were reporteddestroyed while damage to property has been initially estimated at P661.37 million.Many areas in Quezon, Laguna and Batangas had not yet submitted damage reportsdue to communication problems (Inquirer, 2014)

In the literatures reviewed, this research has not encountered a similar study that

is looking at the contribution in terms of legislative productivity of the legislative arm ofthe municipal governments in terms of ordinances and policies supportingenvironmental management and governance from the years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010

In view of the premise that environmental management is a shared responsibility and asenvisioned in the Local Government Code of the Philippines that environmentalmanagement rests upon the ambit of the municipal governments, it is but appropriate toappraise the municipal council’s legislative productivity, hence, this study is undertaken

1.3 Research Questions and Hypothesis

1 Among which local legislators of different municipalities are environmentallyaware, and which are not?

2 Do age, gender and educational attainment have anything to do with enactingenvironmental related municipal ordinance (EM)?

3 Do number of municipal barangays and annual population have any relationship

in legislating municipal ordinance (EM)?

4 How many environment violators does each municipality (Siniloan, Mabitac,Famy, Pangil, Pakil, Paete, and Kalayaan) have from the year 2007, 2008,

2009, and 2010? And what punishment or penalties do they get?

The following are the researcher’s hypothesis with unknown basis regarding the

study: the legislators of the municipality of Siniloan have a higher chance of beingenvironmentally aware than the legislators of the municipality of Kalayaan; thegender, age, educational attainment, number of barangay and annual population willshow good results of having a good or better relationship with municipal ordinance(EM); the municipality that have the greatest municipal ordinance legislated will havethe greater amount of violators

1.5 Limitations

The study also encountered some limitations, it limited the scope of the studydue to lack of data provided by some municipalities, etc., and these are: completeeducational attainment, age, municipal population, the overall gender ratio living ineach municipality; using simple analysis; not being able to use SPSS software as a toolfor analysis; analyzing the relationship of municipal ordinance (EM) have anyrelationship with overall legislated productivity, hazardous / prone area (areas that arehigh at risk when a flood occurs), total number of land area and list of violators (hardcopy)

1.6 Definitions

Local Government – the government that controls and makes decision for a local area

(such as town, city, county)

Municipality – a city or town that has its own government to deal with local problems Environmental Mangement – an attempt to control human impact on and interaction

with the environment in order to preserve natural resources

PART II LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Environmental Administration

During the early years, environmental protection in the Philippines was notassigned to a single agency of the government but instead concerns about theenvironment were part of the directives of several agencies dealing with agriculture,natural resources, health, housing and public works (EMB-DENR-UNDP, 1996)

In 1964, the National Pollution Control Commission (NPCC) was created tohandle air and water pollution control in the country and it was only in 1977 that theNational Environmental Protection Council (NEPC) was created as the policy-makingbody on matters related to environment However, major institutional changes wereintroduced in the government structure as a result of a change in politicaladministration in 1986 One of these was the creation of the EnvironmentalManagement Bureau (EMB) in 1987, under the Department of Environment andNatural Resources (DENR) The EMB assumed the regulatory functions of both theNEPC and the NPCC (Pascual, 2005)

2.2 Environmental Governance

Early in the 1990s, the process of decentralization and participation in localgovernance started to materialize with the enactment of Republic Act 7160, otherwiseknown as the Local Government Code of 1991 This provides major structuraladjustments in the Philippine Administrative System The end-view is to transform localgovernment units (LGU) into self-reliant communities and active partners in nationbuilding by giving them more powers, authority, and resources in the performance ofcorresponding functions, responsibilities and obligations (Philippine, 1991)

The Local Government Code stipulates that major responsibilities for basicservices like maternal and child health, primary health care, nutrition, environmentalsanitation, agriculture, infrastructure and social welfare were transferred to local chiefexecutives Additionally, LGUs were vested the power to create and broaden their ownsources of revenue, the right to a just share in national taxes based on standard criteria,and equitable share of proceeds of national wealth Hence, the template of localdevelopment is now entrusted to the local leadership (Gacutan, Garrity & Cramb, 2004.)

In the Philippines, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources(DENR) is the central agency in charged of environment, forestry, and NRM TheCode mandated the LGUs to manage the natural resources within their administrativejurisdiction and perform the devolved functions of DENR in order to ensure themaintenance and protection of the environment Similarly, the Department ofAgriculture (DA) was devolved and municipal agricultural offices (MAO) were set up.Under the devolution process, LGUs are expected to provide financial resources forenvironmental management projects They are also to support projects funded bynational and international agencies in their locality through partnership and cost-sharing schemes (Gacutan, Garrity & Cramb, 2004)

In addition, Republic Act No 7586, known as the National Integrated ProtectedAreas System Act (NIPAS Act) was passed in 1992 The NIPAS Act primarily focuses

on management of identified protected areas In 1997, the Indigenous People’s Right

Act (Republic Act No 8371) or IPRA was also passed The IPRA is an act thatrecognizes, protect and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities,creating a national commission on indigenous peoples, establishing implementing

mechanisms, and appropriating funds The Act envisions promoting and enhancing theprotection and management of national parks in respect to customary beliefs and laws

of indigenous peoples living within the area (Gacutan, Garrity & Cramb, 2004)

Despite this promising transformation, the implementation of the Code remainsproblematic The majority of LGUs were stifling in their ability to perform thedevolved functions, and environmental governance was below par, despite thetremendous support provided by external groups (Catacutan, Garrity & Cramb, 2004)

As process

It is the interaction of the local legislative body with the executive branch, civilsociety including constituents, nongovernmental organizations and the private sectorresulting in ordinances and resolutions that promote the development of a localgovernment unit (LGU) The products or outputs of this interaction are ordinances andresolutions (Villaluz, 2004)

2.4 Local Legislators/ Legislative Body/ Sanguniang Bayan

Local legislators are people who were elected to make laws or a member oflocal legislative body with the power to make laws

The local legislator are composed of 11 people, municipal vice-mayors or alsoknown as the presiding officer (1), the regular sanguniang members (5), the president

of the” municipal chapter of the liga ng mga barangay” (1), the president of the

“pambayng pederasyon ng mga sanguniang kabataan” (1), and the sectoral

representatives (5) (Worldclass Printing and Packaging, 2010) p263

2.5 Ordinance and Resolution

An ordinance is a local law that prescribes rules of conduct of a general,permanent character It continues to be in force until repealed or superseded by asubsequent enactment of the local legislative body (Villaluz, 2004)

A resolution is mere expression of the opinion or sentiment of the locallegislative body on matters relating to proprietary function and to private concerns It

is temporary in character (Villaluz, 2004)

2.6 Elements of an Ordinance

An ordinance must have the following elements or basic parts:

1 Title

The long title of an ordinance is the general description of what it does It

appears on the first pages, just after the heading “An Ordinance.” The long title should

always describe the ordinance’s main thrust and if there are other miscellaneous,minor or unrelated items in the ordinance, they are usually handled by simply adding

“and for other purposes” just before the period at the end of the title A short title

should simply cover the field that the ordinance covers; it is needed in majorordinances or codes so they can be easily cited and referred to (Villaluz, 2004)

1 Enacting Clause

It indicates the authority or source of the ordinance

2 Body or Central Provisions

The body or central provisions carry out the ordinance’s principal objective Itconsists of the statement of policy or purpose, definitions, structural or administrative andreporting provisions, appropriations provisions, and reporting provisions (Villaluz, 2004)

5 Effectivity Clause

It specifies exactly when and how the ordinance is to go initially into effect(Villaluz, 2004)

2.7 Steps in Enacting Ordinance

The following are the procedural steps in enacting ordinances and resolutions:

Phase 1 Introduction or Sponsorship

Step 1.The measure is filed by a sanggunian member or group of members with thesecretary in its draft form

Step 2.The secretary records the draft measure in a logbook with the followinginformation:

Name of the author/authors; title of the proposed ordinance or resolution; datefiled, and; the number assigned to it

Step 3.The title of the measure is read on first reading If a measure is proposed by acommittee and presented with a report, it need not go through first reading but isscheduled for second reading

Step 4.The presiding officer assigns the measure to a committee that will study it

Phase 2 Committee Deliberation and Action

Step 5.The committee conducts a meeting and/or hearing to hear the arguments for andagainst the measure These can be attended by members of government agencies andnongovernmental organizations

Step 6.The committee takes action by reporting out the measure The committee action

is either favorable or unfavorable

If favorable, report is submitted to the committee on rules which calendars themeasure for second reading While if unfavorable, measure is laid on the table, theauthor or authors are given notice stating reasons for the action To ensure that allmeasures are acted upon without delay, committees may be mandated by the internalrules to prepare a report whether action on a measure is favorable or unfavorable Thiswill ensure no measure is left un-acted and build the civil society groups’ trust in thesincerity and capacity of the sanggunian to address community issues and problems(Villaluz, 2004)

Phase 3 Sanggunian Deliberations

Step 7.The measure is read in its entirety on second reading during a session

Step 8.The committee that studied the measure sponsors it on the floor by explainingthe nature of the measure and recommending its approval by the body

Step 9.The measure is subjected to debate and amendments

Step 10.The secretary prepares copies of the measure incorporating the amendmentsand distributes these to the members at least three days before its third and finalreading

Phase 4 Third Reading and Final Voting

Step 11.The measure is voted upon on third reading in the session

A quorum must be present before voting is taken The number of those whovoted for and against is recorded The measure is deemed approved by the sanggunian.The secretary certifies the measure correct and the presiding officer signs it before it istransmitted to the LCE for approval (Villaluz, 2004)

Phase 5 Approval and Review

Step 12.The approved measure is presented to the LCE for action The LCE mayapprove or veto the ordinance

If the LCE approves the measure, he/she affixes his/her signature on each andevery page of the measure If it is vetoed by the LCE, the measure is returned to thesanggunian for reconsideration The veto shall be communicated to the sanggunianwithin 15 days in the case of the province, and 10 days in the case of city ormunicipality; otherwise, the ordinance is deemed approved as if the LCE had signed it

The sanggunian may override the veto with a two thirds vote of its members makingthe ordinance legal and binding (Villaluz, 2004).

Step 13.Approved ordinance goes to a higher level sanggunian for review

An ordinance or resolution from a component city or municipality shall bereviewed by the provincial sanggunian three days after its approval An ordinance orresolution of a sangguniang barangay shall be submitted for review within 10 days afterits enactment If no action is taken by a higher level sanggunian within30 days aftersubmission of an ordinance or resolution, it shall be deemed valid (Villaluz, 2004)

Phase 6 Publication and Effectivity

Step 14.The secretary shall order the posting of the ordinance or resolution in abulletin board at the entrance to the city or municipal hall or at the provincial capitol;and in at least two conspicuous places in the LGU concerned not later than five daysafter its approval

The text of the ordinance shall be disseminated in Pilipino or English and in thePhilippine dialect understood by the majority of the people Unless otherwise stated intherein, the ordinance shall take effect ten days from the date a copy of it is posted.Ordinances with penal provisions shall be posted for a minimum of three consecutiveweeks, and published in a newspaper of general circulation within the territorialjurisdiction of the local government unit concerned except in the case of barangayordinances Unless otherwise provided there in the ordinance shall take effect on theday following its publication, or at the end of the period of posting, whichever occurslater (Villaluz, 2004)

PART III METHODS3.1 Methods and Locations

3.1.1 Place of the Study

This study covered the local government of seven municipalities

(Mabitac,Famy, Siniloan, Pangil, Pakil, Paete, and Kalayaan) along the Laguna Lake

or Laguna de Bay as shown in (Appendices 5)

3.1.2 Time and Methods

Using the descriptive approach, the study was conducted from November toFebruary 2015 Table 1 presents the barangay coverage and population of 7municipalities

Table 3.1 Number of Barangays and Population of each Municipalities in the

Number of Population for the year

Number of Population for the year

Number of Population for the year

The data shown in the table were provided by the MPDC and HRMO The tableshows the municipalities of Famy and Siniloan have the highest number of barangayswith a total of 20, while the municipality of Kalayaan have the lowest, with a totalnumber of 3 The table also shows the municipality with the highest and lowestnumber of population, Siniloan have the highest with an average of 36,000 to 39,000,while the Famy have the lowest with an average of 13,000 to 15,000 Note that themunicipality of Mabitac and Pangil have missing number of population for each yearbecause they were not able to provide data regarding those selected years.

3.2 Data Collection

Data were obtained from the secretariat of the municipal councils or also known

as Secretary of “Sanguniyang Bayan”, municipal administrators, record keepers of the

municipal governments such as Human Resource Management Officer (HRMO) andMunicipal Planning and Development Coordinator (MPDC), National Statistics Office(NSO), and Laguna Lake Development Authority The following were the datagathered (the primary (1) and secondary (2-3) data):

1 Number of legislated municipal ordinances per municipal council

2 Number of sponsored/co-sponsored municipal ordinance per councilmember;

3 Number of barangays and population per municipality;

4 Age, gender, educational attainment of legislative body members;

Data regarding the environment violators cannot be provided by the localmunicipalities due to no records of it, since every municipality have no violators in thespecified year (2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010).

3.3 Creating the Tables

There are 4 types of table were created, the first type shows the number ofbarangays and population of each municipality The second type shows the age,gender, educational attainment and their sponsored and co-sponsored municipalordinance The third type shows the overall number of municipal ordinances of the 7municipalities and the last shows the categories of municipal ordinance

3.3.1 Number of Barangay and Population

The data of number of barangays and population in the years (2007, 2008,

2009, and 2010) are given by the MPDC and HRMO of each municipality

3.3.2 Sponsor and Co-sponsor Profile

Sponsor and co-sponsors are legislators however with different roles, the role ofthe sponsor is to first present or the one that push an agenda or a title of municipalordinance that he/she wanted to be enacted, while the co-sponsors are those that helpthe sponsor to make that agenda to be legislated A sponsor can only be 1 however co-sponsors can exist in 5

To understand which municipal ordinance sponsor or co-sponsor by whom, thelegislators who sponsor and co-sponsors an ordinance can be found in the “enacting

clause” section of parts of an ordinance (shown in Appendix 3)

After knowing who/whom enacted an ordinance, it is reasonable to find out thelocal legislators profile (their age, gender, educational attainment) The local legislatorprofile can be found in their own Personal data Sheet (PDS), these PDS are kept byeach secretary of the legislative body of each municipality.

3.3.3 Categorizing Municipal Ordinances

The title of ordinance where categorize in to 10 These are: (1) Social Welfare;(2) Environmental Management; (3) Order Safety and Public Morality; (4) EconomicDevelopment Poverty; (5) Public Works; (6) Urban Planning; (7) Gender andDevelopment; (8) Culture and Sports; (9) Ethical Standards of LGU Employees; (10)Others, Table 2 shows the more specific details Some title of municipal ordinancemight be confused as an environmental management, therefore in order to find outwhich municipal ordinance is environmental management (EM), both title and bodyshould both have regards about the environment

3.3.4 Title of Municipal Ordinance

The title of municipal ordinance can be found in the title parts or elements ofordinances shown in appendix 3

In order for data to be analyzed, Microsoft Excel was used to calculate and tofind the frequency of each factor Microsoft was also used to make figures, and barcharts for the qualitative data The appropriate correlation coefficient analysis wasused only for quantitative data The formula for regression-correlation analysis isshown in Appendix 5.

The results showed that data should be divided into two types: qualitative data andquantitative data The qualitative data are educational attainment and gender while thequantitative data are age, number of barangays, number of population for each year

PART IV RESULTS4.1 Categories of Municipal Ordinance of Municipalities

Table 4.1 Categories of Municipal Ordinance of Municipalities

Categories of

Municipal Ordinance

Fam y

Mabit ac

Siniloa n

Pang il

Paki l

Paet e

Kalaya an

Tot al

Categories of

Municipal Ordinance

Fam y

Mabit ac

Siniloa n

Pang il

Paki l

Paet e

Kalaya an

Tot al

The table above shows the Overall Municipal Ordinance Produced in the years

2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 with a total of 139 (16 from Famy, 5 from Mabitac, 29 fromSiniloan, 28 from Pangil, 29 from Pakil, 16 from Paete and 16 from Kalayaan) Thenumbers of Environmental Management (EM) Municipal Ordinance of each

1 from Siniloan, 3 from Pangil, 5 from Pakil, 1 from Paete, and 5 from Kalayaan) Thetable wanted to show that in 139 overall municipal ordinances there are only 18municipal ordinances (EM) that was produce.

4.2 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (Higher Environmental Awareness)

The following figures are only concerned to those local legislators who havehigher environmental awareness The overall sponsor and co-sponsor municipalordinance graph purpose is to show how productive those legislator who areenvironmentally aware than those with less environmental awareness

Note: Municipality of Mabitac did not have any legislator that enacted a municipalduring the following years 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 therefore Mabitac don’t have agraph; although the municipality of Paete did legislated a single municipal ordinance,

the municipal members weren’t able to distinguished the legislator that sponsored the

ordinance

Figure 4.1 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and

Overall) Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Famy

The figure shows that the municipality of Siniloan local officials with a goodeducational attainment such as college graduate sponsored 2 and co-sponsored 2 moremunicipal ordinance regarding about the environment than the college level sponsored

1 and co-sponsored 1 The figure also shows that those who graduated college;sponsored (with a total of 8) more different categories of ordinance than those who not(with a total of 4) but in the overall co-sponsored ordinance both 2 educationalattainment are on par (with an average of 4)

Figure 4.2 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and

Overall) Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Siniloan

The municipality of Siniloan were only able to sponsored 1 (EM) municipal ordinanceand by a person with an unknown educational background, 4 co-sponosred (EM)municipal ordinance 3 from college graduate and 1 from vocational course graduate Thegraph also shows that number of sponsored (EM) municipal ordinance does not reflected

by overall sponsored municipal ordinance but co-sponsored does show a little

Note: Vocational course is a 2 year course program; Unknown is the lack of data that

weren’t provided by the municipality of Siniloan

Figure 4.3 Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Pangil with Unknown

Educational Background

This figure shows that the municipality of Pangil gives no educational attainment, thus

it was labeled as unknown, but although it was unknown they were still able tosponsored with an average of 4 (EM) municipal ordinance and with an average of 12overall sponsored ordinance

Note: The municipal members of Pangil’s were not able to provide the legislator’s

educational attainment hence the legislator was labeled as unknown

Figure 4.4 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and

Overall) Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Pakil

In this figure, the municipality of Pakil showed that educational attainment (college

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Number of Sponsored…

Number of Co-sponsored…

Overall Sponsored Ordinance

Overall Co-sponsored Ord

of 6) environmental municipal ordinance while for the overall sponsored (with a total

of 20) and co-sponsored (with an average of 15)

Figure 4.5 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and

Overall) Municipal Ordinance in the Municipality of Kalayaan

The figure shows in the municipality of Kalayaan, people who attained college level(with a total of 3 sponsored municipal ordinance (EM)) does really care for theenvironment more that those college graduate (with a total of 1 the same as ahighschool graduate) But when it comes to co-sponsoring (EM) municipal ordinancethe 2 highest educational attainment (college graduate and college level) are in par(both have a total of 2) also when it comes to overall sponsored (both have a total of 5)and co-sponsored (both have a total of 4)

Number of Sponsored

(EM) Ordinance

Number of Sponsored (EM)…

HSL - Highschool Level

Figure 4.6 Educational Attainment vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in all of the 5 Municipalities (Famy, Siniloan, Pangil, Pakil and

Kalayaan)

It appears that educational attainment has a role when it comes to municipal ordinanceproductivity Whether it be sponsored (average 10 from CG, average of 5 from CL, 0from VC, 2 from HSG, and 0 from HSL) and co-sponsoring (average 15 from CG,average of 5 from CL, 1 from VC, 3 from HSG, and 1 from HSL) municipalordinance relating to the environment or spornsored (average 41 from CG, average of

10 from CL, 1 from VC, 1 from HSG, and 1 from HSL) and co-sponsored (average 45from CG, average of 8 from CL, 1 from VC, 2 from HSG, and 1 from HSL) overallmunicipal ordinance created in 1 single term (4 years)

Note: There were none legislator with no educational background, the unknown

educational background were only records that weren’t able to be completed

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Number of Sponsored (EM) Ordinance

Number of Sponsored (EM) Ordinance Overall Sponsored Ordinance

Co-4.3 Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (Higher Environmental Awareness)

The following figures are only concerned to those local legislators who havehigher environmental awareness The overall sponsor and co-sponsor ordinance onlyshows how productive those people with higher environmental awareness are

Note: Although the municipality of Mabitac have legislated municipal ordinanceshowever since those were not environmental related the municipality is temporarilynot included same as the municipality of Paete

Figure 4.7 Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in

the Municipality of Famy

This figure shows male (2) produce more than female (1) when it comes to sponsoringand co-sponsing (EM) but only a half While the other 2 categories (number of overallsponsored municipal ordinance and co-spons Municipal ordinance) male dominatedthe female from 8 to 4 and 4 to 2

Overall Co-Sponsored Ordinance

M F

Figure 4.8 Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in

the Municipality of Siniloan

In the municipality of Siniloan, male did not sponsor any (EM) municipal ordinance,while the female sponsored only 1 In co-sponsoring (EM) female did not show anysign of it while the male did (average of 5) And in the other 2 categories (Overallspons and co-spons munincipal ordinace) male showed dominancy over female 20 toaverage 5 and average 35 to average 8

Figure 4.9 Gender vs Sponsored and Co-Sponsored (EM and Overall) Ordinance in

the Municipality of Pangil

The figure shows that in the municipality of Pangil there are no people who co-sponsor

a single ordinance because there were no names that are written on the researcher’shard copied municipal ordinance Lastly, since the municipal government of Pangil are

Overall Co-Sponsored Ordinance

M F

Overall Sponsored Ordinance

Overall Co-sponsored Ord

M F