Ứng dụng thương mại điện tử trong doanh nghiệp

Viec ltru trir website thucmg mai dien tir bao gom ca km frit dir lieu thong tin vt doanh nghiep, san xuat, kinh doanh, khach hang..., he thong phan m'em xir ly cac giao dich dien tir mu

Churcmg 5 ONG DUNG THUONG MAI Dim T6 TRONG DOANH NGHIEP

5.1 Xay dung hg thong thuong mai dintir trong doanh nghib Cong nghe thong tin la tap hgp cac phucmg phap khoa hoc, ding nghe

va cong cu ky thuat hien dai de san xuAt va truyen dua, thu thap, xir 13'/, luu trit va trao doi thong tin so (Khoan 1 — Dieu 4 — Luat Cong nghe thong tin nam 2006)

He thing thong tin hieu theo nghia rang la tap hop va ket hop cila cac phan cimg, phan m6m va cac he mang tniyen thong dugc xay chmg va sir dung de thu thap, tao va tai tao, phan phii va chia se thong tin nham phvc

vu cac muc tieu cua t6 chirc

Hinh 5.1: Cac thinh phlin ciia HTTT

Ngu On: Foundations of Information System, D.S.Yadas

Chirc nang cita he thong thong tin bao gOm:

- Nhap dit thu thap va nhan dir lieu dt xir 1Sr

- Xir 15r du chuytn d6i du lieu thanh thong tin c6 nghia v6i nguoi sir dung

- Xuat thong tin: phan phei thong tin dtn nhfing nguOi hoac hoat d6ng can sir dung thong tin do

- Luu frit thong tin

- Cung cap thong tin phL hOi: nhim ho trg qua trinh kit'm tra, danh gia lai va hoan thien he thong

5.1.1 Lieu trir wesbite thwang mai dien tir

5.1.1.1 MOt so phi:mg phap ltru trir website

Ban chat cua website la tap hop cac trang web (webpages) clued clang cac trang web san CO (cac trang tinh) hoac cac trang web dugc to ra tir cac tai nguyen va co sa du lieu (cac trang dOng) Luu frit website la mot trong cac van de quan trang nit& cua thucmg mai dien tir

Viec ltru trir website thucmg mai dien tir bao gom ca km frit dir lieu (thong tin vt doanh nghiep, san xuat, kinh doanh, khach hang ), he thong phan m'em xir ly cac giao dich dien tir (mua ban trirc tuy6n, quan 1ST hoa don, dich vu khach hang ) va nhitng nOi dung khac tren website (catalogue dien tir, bao cao, tai nguyen s6 ) Thy theo quy mo cita he thong thucmg mai dien tir ma so luting, cAu hinh dm he thong may chii can sir dung a luu cac website thuong mai dien tir se khac nhau

Hien nay, ca mOt s6 phuong phap co ban dt km tra cac website thucmg mai dien tir nhu sau:

- Tv dku tv mua cac may chit ve lap dat tai co sO cua doanh nghiep, thue chuyen gia thitt ke va xay dung he thong mang ciing nhu cai dat cac phan mtm can thitt dt quan tri he thong may chit cua doanh nghiep

+ Nhugc ditm: Chi phi dau to xay dung he thOng may chit dm rieng doanh nghiep rat lan, vt co ses ha tang, vt may m6c, thitt bi, chi phi thue thitt ke he thong va quan tri he thong sau nay D giam thitu chi phi ha tang, doanh nghiep co tht van dL to may chit nhtrng thue cht) de dat may

chit tai cac nha cung cap dich vg nay Nhu vay, tranh dau to xay dung cac phimg may chit von có tieu chuan ky, thuat rat cao va tranh thud duong truyen rieng de ket n6i den cac may chi' cua minh Cach lam nay van dam bao dugc bi mat thong tin cila doanh nghiep do cac may chit dugc ltru giti tai cac phimg dugc bao mat cao Hien nay, tai Viet Nam, he th6ng may chit cua cac ngari hang, twang dai hoc, hai quan, thud thu6ng dugc to xay dung va van hanh ben trong t6 chirc

+ iru diem: Mire dO an toan ciia thong tin va chit dOng trong van hanh

he th6ng ciing nhu nang, cap, ma rang sau nay Ben canh do, kha nang to xay dung, quan he thong may chit thucmg mai dien tir cimg la mOt nang luc canh tranh quan trong cua cac doanh nghiep khi tham gia kink doanh dien tir

- Thue may chit cua cac nha cung cap dich vu (thud chti tren mOt may chit hoac thud mOt s6 may chit) Theo dO, cac doanh nghiep tra phi a co the sir dung mOt phan dung lugng 6 ding teen may chit de km trir website hoac thud mOt s6 may chit cua nha cung cap dich vu a sir dung CO the sir dung ket hop hinh thirc nay vai hinh thirc tren Thom chi nhiing doanh nghiep hang dau trong thucmg mai dien tir nhu Google ding thud ngoai dich vu luu tit website

+ Lru diem: Cac chi phi xay dung co s6 ha tang, lap at dtrimg truyen, duy tri va quan tri cac may chit do nha cung cap dich vu thuc hien Doanh nghiep chi phai tra phi thud dich vu hang thang Doanh nghiep tan dung dugc duong truyen t6c dO cao cua nha cung cap dich vu

+ Nhugc diem: Mirc dO bao mat thong tin khong dugc bao dam do doanh nghiep khong kiem soat hoan toan flitting may chit km trir th8ng tin cua minh Do do, phucmg phap nay thu6ng phii hop vori cac he th6ng thucmg mai dien tir nh6, cac website chi co chirc nang giai thieu, quang ba san pham, dich vu chua có chirc nang thanh toan truc tuyen va cac chirc nang cao cap khac nhu phan tich dit lieu (data mining) hay chia se thong tin giita cac d6i tac (B2B integration)

5.1.1.2 Duemg Internet thud rieng (leased line Internet) cho cac may chi.'

Khi doanh nghiep mu6n xay chmg he th6ng may chit cua rieng minh va

he th6ng nay (tat tai trung tam ltru tru dit lieu dm doanh nghiep thi doanh

truyen nay con cao, chua phu hgp v6i phan' lam cac doanh nghiep vira va nho hien nay

Bang 5.1: Danh sach cac nha cung cap dich vu Internet Jon

tai Viet Nam

5.1.1.3 May cini web

Cac may chi' web not chung thuamg c6 bo nbo., 6 cung dung lugng chay lien tvc 24/7, va b0 vi xir ly c6 t6c d0 cao hcm cac may tinh ca nhan th8ng thuo.ng Nhieu may chii web sir dung nhieu be vi xir 1ST Yeu cau co ban dloi vOi cac may chi' la kha nang hoat dOng lien tuc 24/7 va xir 157 d6ng thai nhieu thong tin khi nhieu nguari dung cung truy cap dua ra Vi vay, cac may chil web sir dung nhieu phan cung nen chimg thuamg c6 gia dat hcm cac may tram th6ng thuamg Cac may tinh ca nhan tot hien nay, thong thuamg gia chi khoang USD 1.000 — USD 3.000 trong khi do cac may chit web thuamg co gia tir USD 6.000 den USD 400.000 Cac cong ty ban may chi' web nhu Dell, Gateway, Hewlett Packard va Sun, tat ca cac cong ty nay deli

co cong cu ho trg cau hinh tren trang web dm h9 de khach hang c6 the xem

va hra ch9n cau hinh may chu cho phu hgp

5.1.1.4 Ranh gia nang luc clic' may clui web

Cac yeti t6 anh huang den t6c d0 thuc thi cua may chit bao g6m: phan cung, phan mem he dieu hanh, phan mem may chu, t6c de ket noi, s6 lugng nguai dimg, va loai trang web dang phan ph6i Khi danh gia hieu rang ciia may chi' web, chung to can biet chinh xac nhang yeti t6 nao dang dugc do

va dam bao rang cac yeu t6 do IA quan trong lien quan den viec sir dling cua

may chit web MOt nhan t6 khac anh huOng den hieu nang cita may chit web d6 la t6c dO ket n6i MOt may chit dugc ket not bang mOt duon T3 (44,736Mbps) se co kha nang phan ph6i cac trang web tai cac may tram nhanh hcm neu dung du6ng T1 (1,544Mbps)

S6 lugng nguai dung ma may chit co the phuc vu va quan 1ST dugc cung

la mOt yeti t6 quan trong Dieu nay c6 the gay kh6 khan cho viec do dac bei

vi cac ket qua bi anh huang bOi t6c dO duOng truyen ctia may chit, t6c dO throng truyen dm may tram, va kich thuac cita trang web dugc phan ph6i

web d6 la thong luong va then gian dap img Thong lugng a day dugc hieu

la s6 lugng yeu eau ma phan cung va phan mem may chit co the xir ly dugc trong mOt don vi thOri gian ThOi gian dap ung la thOi gian can thiet a may chit xirlSimOt yeu cau

Vol nhang he th6ng website nho, s6 ngued truy nhap it, nen c6 the sir dung cac may chit vOi bff) vi xir ly dOng Pentium t6c dO 3.0 Ghz, RAM 2Gb tres len la chAp nhan dugc Con yen cac he th6ng lon, s6 lucmg giao dich 16n, nhieu nguixi truy cap, can sir dung nhieu may chit co cAu hinh manh hon va

co he thOng mang dugc thiet ke hgp ly, phan chia cac giao dich can xi/ 1Si qua thiet bi can bang tai Vi du, voi cac doanh nghiep lon nhu Amazon, Alibaba thi he th6ng may chit khong phai chi co 1 ma co the len tai hang nghin may chit tao thanh met mpg phan ph6i, cac may chit nay c6 the khong tap trung mOt cht; ma dugc dat rai rac tai mOt s6 dia diem tren the giai nham tang tlic de xir ly len nhanh !that c6 the dugc cho khach hang

De co the lua chon dugc phan cung tot cho may chit web, chung ta co the sir dung phuong phap kiem tra ten nhieu yeti t6 ket hop De CO the thuc hien dugc viec kiem tra, tat nhien chimg ta phai cai dat ca phan cirng lan phan mem cho may chit Dieu nay se kh6 thuc hien dugc khi chimg ta chua tra tien mua may chit dO Tuy nhien, chung ta c6 the sir dung cac testing labs d'ec lap cita cac ding ty khac, vi du nhu Mindcraft, de kiem tra phan cung, phan mem dm he th6ng Mindcraft cung cap nhieu bao cao va cac th6ng ke

so sanh tong hop dm phan cimg va he dieu hanh va cac san phAm phan mem may chit web (Tham khao them www.mindcraft.com)

5.1.1.5 He diL himh cho cac may cha web

He dieu hanh co nhiem vu thuc thi chucmg trinh va phan phoi tai nguyen nhu bO nha, khOng gian ltru trir cho chucmg trinh Phan mem he dieu hanh cling cung cap cac dich vu nhap xuat tai cac thiet bi ket n6i von may tinh nhu ban phim, man hinh va may in MOt may tinh mu6n hog dOng dugc phai dtrgc cal dat phan mem he dieu hanh a dieu khien viec thuc thi cac chucmg trinh V6i cac he thiing lan, he dieu hanh con phai theo doi hoat

• &Ong cita nhieu nguaci sir dung khac nhau khi h9 cling dang nhap vao he th6ng va phai dam bao hog dOng cua nhUng nguad sir dung nay khong gay can tra nhau

Phan lan cac may chit web dugc cai dat mot trong cac he dieu hanh

sau: Microsoft Windows NT Server, Microsoft Windows 2000 Server, Microsoft Windows 2003 Server, Linux, hoc cac he diet' hanh dira teen UNIX nhir Solaris hoc FreeBSD va cac phien ban cao cap han Nhieu ding ty tin rang cac san pham dm hang Microsoft thi dcm gian, nhan vien he th6ng thong tin dm ho c6 the hoc va sir dung chimg de han la cac he dieu hanh dua tren he th6ng UNIX Cac cong ty khac thi lo ling ye van de yeu kem trong bao mat do viec tich hap gicra cac phan mem irng dung va he dieu hanh cita cac san pham cita Microsoft May chit web chay tren nen UNIX thi phi bien hcm, va nhieu nguoi sir dung tin rang viec cai dat may chit web tren UNIX se bao mat hcm

Linux la mot he dieu hanh ma ngutm mar, de cai dat, nhanh va hieu qua Phan mem ma ngu'On ma dugc phat trien bad mot cong diing cac lap trinh

vien, h9 tao ra cac phan mem va cung cap mien phi cho nhimg nguoi quan

tam co the tai xu6ng Cac lap trinh vien khac sir dung cac phan mem nay sira d6i, tit)/ bien hoac phat trien chimg Cac lap trinh vien co the cung cap phien

phat trien

S6 Luang cac cong ty ban may chit web da bao gim luon he dieu hanh Linux trong eau hinh ngam dinh clang ngay cang tang len Mac dit he dieu

hanh Linux c6 the tai mien phi tir Internet, phan Lan cac cong ty van mua

chimg thong qua cac nha phan ph6i thucmg mai Cac nha phan ph6i san pham he dieu hanh Linux da cung cap them mot s6 phan mem hilu dung nhu

cac tien ich cai dAt va met ban hgp deng ho trg cho he dieu hanh Cong ty phan phei Linux phien ban thucmg mai ban cac phien ban cua he dieu hanh cac tien ich cho may chii web bao gem: Caldera, Mandrake, Red Hat, va SuSE Hang Sun ban phan cling may chil web ding v6i he dieu hanh dva tren nen UNIX nhu Solaris

5.1.1.6 Phein mem may chii web

Do la cac phan mem ma may chil web phai cai dAt de cac website co the hoat deng tren nen cac phan mem nay Gieng nhu muen cai dAt va danh may bang MS Word thi may tinh phai dugc cai dAt MS Windows Met s6

phan mem phe bien nhdt hien nay dang dugc dung lam may chil web nhu: Apache Server, Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS) va Sun Java System Web Server (JSWS) (thuang dugc goi bang cac ten khac nhu Sun ONE, iPlanet Enterprise Server, va Netscape Enterprise) Thir hang ve mirc

de phi; bien nay da dugc tich luy thong qua dieu tra dugc thvc hien bC'si NetCraft, met cong ty to van ve mang 6 Anh Netcraft dieu tra d6i vai tong s6 trang web dang ten tai va do mirc dO lien quan den tinh phe bien cua

phan mem may chi' web

Netcraft chi ra rang, thi truang cua phan mem may chii web trong met vai nam On day da di vao on dinh Nhin chung Apache chiem khoang 65 den 70% thi phan, Microsoft IIS chiem khoang 20 den 25 0/0 thi phan Theo dieu tra cua met tap chi may tinh, thi phan cua cac phan mem may chii web ding rat khac nhau d6i vai may chil web ding Ong va may chii web not be

(0 May chzi web Apache

Apache la ten ciia met nhem phat trien phan mem Rob McCool phat trien Apache trong khi dang lam viec tai tnrang dai hoc dm Illinois tai NCSA vao nam 1994 Met vai webmaster tren the giai dd tao ra phan ma

reng rieng cho may chil de h9 co the dieu khien cac thay dOi cua minh cho

he thong (dugc biet den vai cai ten "patches" co nghia la cac "mieng va")

He thOng nay bao gem met N thong nhan g6c vai rat nhieu manh (patches)

do do no dugc biet den \Teri ten pi la "a patchy server" hay ggi dan gian la

"apache" Apache hien nay co the download mien phi teen internet

Apache dA thong tri trong linh vi.rc web to nam 1996 boi 15, do apache

la mien phi va hog dOng rat hieu qua Apache manh Mn mire ma ding ty IBM cimg sir dung trong cac goi img dung cho may chir WebShpere Cac phan mem may chir web kirk nhu Zeus, ding dugc phat trien dua tren ma ngu6n ma dm Apache Hien nay, có khoang tir 65-70% may chir Web teen the giai sir dung Apache, nglifa la Apache dirge sir dung mOt each rOng rai Iran tat ca cac phan mem may chi' Web khac hgp lai Apache chay dugc tren nhieu he dieu hanh nhu FreeBSD-UNIX, HP-UX, Linux, Microsoft Windows, SCO-UNIX, va Solairis

(ii) May chu web Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS)

Mat s6 website chi chay dugc tren nen may chi' web dm Microsoft la IIS, vi du la cac website dugc viet bang non ner ASP va dot.Net May chi' web IIS dugc gan kern theo trong phien ban hien hanh cira he diet' hanh may chit Windows dm Microsft IIS dugc sir dung nhieu trong cac mang Intranet bai VI do có nhieu cong ty da tucmg thich cac san pham dm Microsoft vai cac san pham chuan cua ho

IIS co the phir hgp vai ca cac website nho ding nhu cac he th6ng thucmg mai dien tir lan Theo dieu tra teen the giai cc!, khoang 20-25 phan tram cac may chit web sir dung phan mem IIS nay Trong mOt vai tram On day, s6 lugng trang web sir dung IIS da giam xu6ng, nguyen nhan la do IIS

có nhieu 18 h6ng ve bao mat va da bi cong khai Cac 18 h6ng nay lam cho the may chir chay IIS de bi tan cong

(iii) May cha web Java System Web Server caa Sun Microsystems (Sun ONE, iPlanet, Netscape)

Sun Java System Web Server (JSWS) dugc phat trien dua tren chucmg trinh may chit web NCSA va dugc biet den cluai mot s6 ten nhu Sun ONE, Netscape Enterprise Server, va iPlanet Enterprise Server Khi AOL mua Netscape nam 1999, cong ty nay cid cong tac vai Sun Microsystems de he trg va tiep tuc phat trien san pham Netscape Su cong tac nay dugc pi ten la iPlanet va hog d6ng dm no keo dai 3 nam va het han vao thang 3 nam 2002 Khi ket thirc, iPlanet troy thanh mOt phan dm Sun beri vi may chi" web va cac phan mem thucmg mai dien tit ma iPlanet ban a co quan 116 chat the vai hog dang kinh doanh dm Sun km dm Time Warner

Load- begancing switch

Sun JSWS la san pham thucmg mai, tuy nhien chi phi ban quyen cila no

la chdp nhan ducfc Mirc phi dm no thay d6i tuy thuOc vao nang luc cua b0

vi xir ly ciia may chii ma no cai Tat len, tuy nhien phan Ian website tra vm mirc phi tir USD 1.400 den USD 5.000 cho viec mua ban quyen nay Phan mem cila Sun ding hog dOng dugc ten nhieu he dieu hanh nhu: HP_UX, Solaris va ca Windows Theo danh gia mai day, chi có khoang 5% may chil web sir dung Sun JSWS Tuy nhien mOt s6 website n6i tieng nhdt, tap nap nhdt lai van Bang sir dung phan mem may chi' nay dm Sun, dien hinh la BMW, Dilbert, E*TRADE, Excite, Lycos va Schwab

5.1.1.7 He thong can bang tai cho cac may chei website thwang mai dien to

mot bo chuyen mach can bang tai (load balancing switch) la mOt thik

bi mang co the dieu khien phan phi cong viec cho cac may chit vao no va chia luting thong tin den vao may chii co kha nang dap img tot nhAt trong tong th&i diem Trong mOt he th6ng can bang tai don gian, dir lieu di vao website tir internet se di qua bo dinh tuyen cua website sau do den b0 chuyen mach can bang tai, b0 chuyen mach nay se phan tich va huong du lieu den may chil web co kha nang dap img tot rill& luting dir lieu nay trong s6 cac may chil cua doanh nghiep

Hinh 5.2 HO thong can bing tai cho cac may chii web

Ngudn: Alias, 2003, Ecommerce for Managers

Hinh 5.3 Hg thtmg can Wing tai cho cac may chit web

Ngwin: Alias, 2003, Ecommerce for Managers

Trong met he th6ng can bang tai phirc tap, dik lieu di vao co the gap nhieu ham met be dinh tuyen tren dm met website lan, sau do no dugc

mach can bang tai va 'lan mem dieu khien co the CO gia tir 10.000 den 50.000 USD, dien hinh la cac san phAm nhu E-load, Loadrunner, Serverlron

va Silkperformer

5.1.1.8 Djch vu hat tru website va phuung phap danh gia

Hien nay co rat nhieu nha cung cAp dich vu Internet hO trq dich vu hosting (cho thue khong gian tren cac may chit de cai dat website) Vay doanh nghiep nen dip vao cac tieu chi nao de dua ra lua chip phu hqp nhAt von nhu eau sir dung cua minh Met so tieu chi chung to co the tham khao de lira chce met nha cung cAp dich vu nhu:

cung cAp dich v1,1 sir dung, toc de dm be vi xir 15,, dung lacing be nha, he

di'e'u hanh dugc cai dat teen may chi' Dieu nay se tic dOng den kha nang xir

ly cac giao dich cua website thuang mai dien tir Vi du may chi' co kha nang xir 15, bao nhieu giao dich, bao nhieu khach hang có the truy cap ang thai vao may

- Kha nang ha ire' plain mem: Cho biet may chi' se hO trg cac website thuang mai dien tir nao, co phi' h9p vbi cong nghe dugc sir dung de xay dung website cua doanh nghiep hay khong Tuy nhien, thtremg nha cung cap

co nhieu may chi' khac nhau va có kha nang dap img mqi cong nghe xay dung website ph6 bien Mac du vay, doanh nghiep van can hru 5/ den cac yeu t6 ca ban nhu cong nghe xay dung website cua doanh nghiep, ngon ngcr lap trinh dugc sir dung de viet ma ngu6n, ca sb dir lieu dugc xay dung ten phan mem nao Hien nay có rat nhieu ngon ngit cho phep cac lap trinh vien xay dung mOt website mOt cach nhanh chong nhu ASP, PHP, Java, Dot.net, vai moi ngon ngit doi hoi mOt chtrang trinh webserver khac nhau; vi du voi ASP thi chay teen moi truang window vOl webserver la IIS, Php có the chay tren ca windows, Unix, Linux va webserver co the la Apache Server, con vai website dugc viet bang java thi can có Tomcat Server Ve ca sb dit lieu cling có rat nhieu he quan tri khac nhau nhu Oracle, Microsoft SQL, MySQL Ngoai ra con mOt s6 tien ich khac có the lien quan d'e'n he th6ng website khi xay dung ngueri lap trinh se het ke trong danh sach yeu eau ve he th6ng, dua vac do chimg to se biet dugc lua ch9n nha cung cap dich vu có ht; trg phan mem nhu the nao cho phu hap voi yeu eau cua phan mem website cua minh

- Ted nguyin mgng: Ben canh cac tieu chi ve phan cling, phan mem da chi ra, con phai xem xet den tai nguyen mgng cua nha cung cap dich vv Yu diem lOn nhat cim viec thue dich vu hosting lab cho se tan dung dugc

&rang truyen t6c di) cao có san cua nha cung cap Nhu vay khi lua chcon nha cung cap dich vu, phai tim hieu xem nha cung cap dich vu do co ding dung lugng ra vao Internet la bao nhieu, co bao nhieu khach hang dang sir dung dich vu dtremg truyen cua nha cung cap dich vu do, tir do du doan dugc toe

dO khach hang se truy cap dugc vao website cua minh Thong thuemg, khi thue dich vu hosting, doanh nghiep se phai tra gia tren dung lugng ltru trft va thong lugng mgng (lugng thong tin truyen qua man trong mOt don vi theri

gian) Nhu vey ve Ca ban, doanh nghiep phai tinh dugc "kich thuac" website, du bao dung luting luu ter trong tucmg lai, tinh "thong luting" trung binh hien tai va du bao "thong luting" trong tucmg lai dua vao chien lugc phat trien website de dua ra su lua chgn dich vu phu hgp vai nhu ceu thuc

th, tranh deu to lang phi

nang bao met, xir 1S, cac su c6, thai gian can thiet de xir 15, cac su c6 cac yeu t6 nay giup website cua doanh nghiep co kha nang hoat Ong lien tuc cao nhet

- flQi ngfi ky thuft: DOi ngii ky thuet cua nha cung cep dich vu chiu trach nhiem ve ca duy tri hoat dOng, dam bao an town d6i von website cua doanh nghiep va xir ly cac su c6 phat sinh S6 luting va ch & luting cua dOi net ky thuet la dieu kien ca ban a dam bao ve chat luting dich vu va thai gian de khac phuc cac su c6 mang co the xay ra

5.1.1.9 Dich vu hosting cho cac website thuang mai dien tee

134 hra chgn nha cung cep dich vu hosting, truck het doanh nghiep can tinh den uy tin cua nha cung cep va khach hang ma doanh nghiep hue:mg tai

Vi du, neu doanh nghiep xuet khau mu& quang ba ra thi truong nu6c ngoai, doanh nghiep nen tim mOt nha cung cep dich vu hosting gen vri khach hang nhet a tang t6c d8 cho khach hang khi troy nhep website Trong twang hgp doanh nghiep mu6n xay dung mOt he th6ng website thuang mai dien tir de giai thieu cac san phem voi khach hang trong nuoc thi doanh nghiep nen Bang ky dich vu hosting voi mOt nha cung cep dich vu n8i dia

Yu diem cua viec hosting a nuac ngoai la cac nha cung cep dich vu nuac ngoai thulmg CO ca kr ha ding mang, ding nhu dOi ngii ky thuet tot,

dieu do se co lgi trong viec duy tri hoat dOng on dinh cua he thong Tuy nhien, trong truang hcfp gip su c6 (CO the do bi hacker ten cong) thi do se la mOt ter ngai khi thuang luting v&i nha cung cep ley lai quyen cua he thong,

do do khi lua chgn nha cung cap dich vu hosting nuac ngoai chting to can phai then trong xem xet ve uy tin cua cong ty do Trong khi do, neu lua chgn nha cung cap dich vu hosting trong nu& thi thi truang, cong nhu ca sa ha

tang mang khong tot bang oh cac nha cung cap dich vu nu& ngoai, tuy nhien no co loci the ve mat bao mat va ho troy khi bi tan cong MOt yeu to khac can xem xet la gia thanh thue dich vu hosting cila cac nha cung cap dich vu hosting nuorc ngoai thu&ng c6 gia re han rat nhieu so voi cac dich vu tuang

&rang cua nha cung cap dich vu trong nuac

5.1.2 Phan mem gidi phdp Chuang mgi dien tir cho doanh nghiep

5.1.2.1 Website thuang mgi dien to •

(i) DOC diem dig Website thuang mgi dien tir

Cac website thucmg mai dien tir can hoat dOng lien tuc 24/7 du la mo hinh nao Nhimg website deu can dugc chay ten cac may chii du manh de xir ly khi lugng truy cap cao nhat Ben canh you cau hoat dOng nhanh va on dinh, cac website thucmg mai dien tir giao dich can sir dung nhang phan mem hiOu qua va de nang cap khi lugng truy cap website tang Cac website th8ng tin nhu tin tuc, bao cao, thong tin so h6a can dap ling nhu cau tim kiem thong tin nhanh va chinh xac Thong tin can hien thi nhanh nhat ten man hinh cua ngueri xem Nhin chung yeti cau hoat dOng van la 24/7 nIumg mire dO nhanh va on dinh co the thap han so vai cac website thuang mai diOn tir giao dich Yeu cau ve phan cling cling co the thap hcm, tuy nhien yeu cau ve xir ly luting truy cap dOng co the cao han, do cac website tin tuc, thong tin a thu but khach truy cap han

(ii) Cac chtic nang ca ban c4a website thuang mgi dien tic

Phan mem website thucmg mai diOn tir co the co nhang nhiOm vu khac nhau, tir viec cung cap catalog trung bay san pham truc tuyen den viOc don hang ter dOng MOt giai phap thuang mai diOn tir co ban phai co nhang chirc nang co ban sau:

- Catalog trung bay san pham;

- Gk.) mua hang;

- Xu ly giao dich dat hang, hgp ding, thanh town

Cac website thucmg mai diOn tir km, phirc tap han cling sir dung 'then phan mem co cac chirc nang teen va co them nhimg cong cu ho trg cac hoat

Ong thucmg mai dien tir khac Phan mem trung gian (middleware) n6i ket

he th6ng thucmg mai dien tir voi cac he thong thong tin dm ding ty (quan 15/ hang ton kho, xir 1.ST don hang, ke toan) Ben canh do co cac gal phan mem chuyen thuc hien mot s6 chirc nang nhu: phan mem ERP, phan mem SCM, phan mem CRM, phan mem quan tri nOi dung (CMS) va phan mem quan tri tri thirc (NM)

Website catalog dien tit

Doanh nghiep sir dung catalog tnmg bay the san pham hoac dich vu cua

minh Giting nhu trong cua hang ban le truyen th6ng, nha kink doanh gian hang truc tuyen co the nham hang hoa thanh tong khu theo nhcmg tieu chi rieng vii ten goi cac gian hang tucmg to nhu gian hang truyen thong Trong hau het cac gian hang truyen thong, m61 san pham chi de trong mOt vi tri nhat Binh, tuy nhien voi gian hang truc tuyen, met san pham co the ducyc phan loaf

o nhieu chimg loai hang khac nhau Vi du: giay chay co the vira duqc phan loai trong khu giay hoac khu clung cu the thao

MOt trang web thucmg mai nho co the co met catalog tinh don gian

Catalog tinh la mot danh muc don gian duqc viet bang nem ngO HTML, hien thi trong mot hoac mot s6 trang web De them vao, x6a di, hoac thay d6i met muc hay mot san pham trong danh muc, ding ty phai sira lai phan lenh HTML cua mot hoac met s6 trang Cac trang web thuong mai ion hon thuang sir dung au truc catalog dOng

Catalog Ong luu tit thong tin ve cac muc hang trong cac co so, da

lieu, thuang tren mot may tinh rieng biet c6 the truy cap tai may chit MOi muc hang trong catalog Ong c6 the duoc hien thi yen nhieu hinh anh hoac thong tin chi tik M'Ot cong cu tim kiem se cho phep khach hang tim kiem hang He va xem xet lieu mat hang do c6 san ban hay khong Pham mem catalog dung thuang &roc gan kern trong met b0 phan mem thuong mai dien tir ton goi, tuy nhien mgt s6 ding ty viet phan mem catalog rieng, sau

do not vOi co soy du lieu san pham cua ding ty minh

(iv) Gici mua hang trong thucmg mgt dien to

Khi thuong mai dien tir mai phat trien, khach hang chon san pham ho quan tam bang cach dien vao met mAu (form) vai cac lua chip ve s6 lugng,

ma se san pham, don gia, trong nhting hep nhap se lieu rieng biet Dieu nay gay ldio chiu cho khach hang trong truang hgp khach hang tai met thai diem guy& dinh mua nhieu han met san pham MCA van de khi mua hang trirc tuyen bang cach dien vao mAu mua hang la nguai mua phai dien vao

ma san pham, gia ca va cac thong tin khac ve san pham tnrac khi h9 co the den tai trang web dat hang Han ntra, khach hang doi khi lchong nha lieu h9

da kich vao nut giri don hang hay chua Ket qua la, h9 co the vira gin dat hang 2 lan cho met don hang (kich chuOt hai lan vao nut dat hang), hoac nghi rang h9 da gui rei nen khong an vao nut dat hang nfra Do do, mua hang theo each tren thuamg clan tai nham 1 n va mac lOi trong qua trinh dat hang Nhang han the cua hinh thirc dal hang bang cach dien vao mAu da dugc khac phuc bang phan mem giO mua hang

Ngay nay, gi6 mua hang la met tieu chuan a thuc hien thuong mai dien tir ban le Gio mua hang luu trir cac san pham ma nguoi mua TA' chgn, cho phdp nguad mua co the xem lai nhang mat hang minh da chip dua vao gio, them vao giO mat hang mai hoac be bat di san pham nao do De dat hang, khach hang chi can don gian kich chuet vao san pham do, tat ca cac thong tin ve san pham bao gem gia ca, mo ta, ma san pham hay cac thong tin khac deu dugc to &Ong tun tru trong gio mua hang Khi khach hang da chon hang xong, ho chi can nhan nut thut hien viec mua hang, phan mem gio mua hang se to dOng tinh toan tong se san pham, tong gia tri tin thanh toan ding nhu cac chi phi van chuyen hay thu'e Phan mem Gio mua hang

dm met so website thucmg mai dien tir con cho phep khach hang chgn san pham dua vao gi6, de giO vao met ngan ao, va khach hang sau vai ngay quay tra lai mai quy& Binh chgn mua hoac thanh toan Met se phan mem gio mua hang dugc ban dec lap de cac cong ty to ket not vao website ban hang dm minh Gio mua hang hien dai ding la met cong cu canh tranh trong Thuang mai dien tir

(v) Xft ly cac giao dich thuang mai dien tic

Khi nguai mua quyet Binh mua hang bang each nhan vao nut Checkout tren trang web, khi do trang web thuc hien quy trinh xir ly giao dich: phan mem thuong mai dien tir thuc hien bat cu met tinh toan can thiet nao, vi du chi& khau dua tren se lugng hang mua, thue, chi phi van chuyen, Khi

Checkout, ca Ichach hang vi ngueti ban deu chuyen sang giao dien giao dich

an toan Xir lSt giao dich c6 the la phan phirc tap nhat cua viec ban hang truc tuyen Tinh town thue va chi phi van chuyen la nhiing phan quan trang trong qua trinh nay, va cac nha quan tri mang phai thuemg xuyen Idem tra mire

thue suAt ding nhu chi phi van chuyen de dam bao mirc gia dang dugc ap dung la mirc gia dimg MOt s6 phan mem cho phep may chii web AT dOng cap nhat thong tin gia van chuyen bang cach ket n6i tivc tiep tai cac ding ty van chuyen

5.1.2.2 Website clang va cow ding nghe xay dung website clang

Microsoft da phat trien mOt ding nghe tao trang web dOng va dugc sir dung rang rai hien nay la Active Server Pages (ASP) Sun Microsystems cling &A' phat trien mOt ding nghe tuang to g9i la Java Server Pages (JSP),

va hiep hOi ma ngu6n m6 Apache Software Foundation cling phat trien mOt

ngon ngft lap trinh tucmg to la PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) Gan day, mOt ding nghe tuang to dugc Macromedia xay dung voi ten g9i lA Cold Fusion Day la bOn ding nghe ph6 bien nhAt dugc sir dung a xay dung cac website Trong nhang ding nghe nay, cac cau lenh chay teen may chu dugc trOn an vOi nhang cau lenh HTML de tao ra cac trang web dOng, tirc la c6 nOi dung khac nhau Vi du, ASP cho phep nguori lap trinh web sir dung nhang ngOn nair lap trinh khac nhau nhu VBScript, Jscript, hoac Peri Java

la ng8n ngit lap trinh do Sun tao ra, cling c6 the dugc sir dung de tao ra cac trang web dOng Nhftng in-1g dung do dugc g9i lA Java Servlets

Nhieu nhA chuyen mon van cho rang cac cong nghe tao trang web dOng chua thuc su giai guy& dugc viec lap trinh web HQ cho rang, phucmg phap xay dung cac trang web nhu vay chi chuyen nhiem vu cua nhling nguesi vitt cac trang web HTML sang nhang nguen viet lenh ASP (hoac JSP hay PHP) MOt s6 du an dang dugc trien khai nharn giai guy& van de tao cac trang

web d'6ng triet de ham Du an Apache Cocoon Project lA mOt trong nhang

du an dien hinh Apache Cocoon IA mOt ca the xay dung web cho phdp nguoi lap trinh truy van du lieu ngay ter cac trang HTML va tao ra cac trang web dm% nhieu dinh clan khac nhau Chinh tinh nang cho phep tao ra cac trang web du& nhieu dinh clang khac nhau tao nen the manh ciia Cocoon Theo phuang phap nay, cac trang web dugc km tril duai clang cac the HTML va

cac the nay se hinh thanh nOi dung that dm cac trang web Cac thOng tin dugc yeu eau se dugc xir ly bad cac ling dung Java servlet, cac ling dung nay se doc cat the HTML va lua chon cac nOi dung dugc yeu cau Thay vi hien thi trang web, Cocoon c6 the xay dung nOi dung diing nhu yeu cau Vi du, ngutri dung yeu cau mot file Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) de doc ten thiet bi s6 cam tay PDA, met website sir dung cong nghe Cocoon co the tao

ra nhcmg thong tin duai clang PDF tir nhting file HTML Nhieu chuyen gia trong nganh cong nghe thong tin tin twang rang cong nghe Cocoon va cac ding nghe tucmg to ciia Microsoft (Microsoft.Net famework) va Oracle se dem lai nhung phucmg phap tot hcm de xay dung cac trang web dOng

(i MOt so cong cu phat trien web phij bien

Mac du cac cong Cu nay thuang dugc sir dung a xay dung cac website nho, tuy nhien chimg cling c6 the dugc sir dung de xay dung cac thanh phan rieng le cua cac website thucmg mai dien tir c6 quy mo trung binh bang each tao ra cat trang web va cac cong cu quan ly website Vi du, phien ban gan day cua chuang trinh Macromedia Dreamweaver d'A tich hop luon ca moi tnrong phat trien Nhu vay d6i vai cac nhA thiet ke web c6 kinh nghiem ho c6 the sir dung de tao ra cac thanh phan cila met trang web dOng de nhu tao

ra met trang web finh

MOt cong cu thiet ke web khac kha ph6 bien d6 IA Microsoft Frontpage cling c6 the dugc sir dung de xay dung khunt cua cac website thuang mai dien tir Cac thAnh phan con lai cua cac trang web dOng nhu tao danh muc hang h6a, dich vu khach hang, xix lS7 cac phien giao dich co the dugc viet b6 sung bang cac cong cu phat trien web khac chang han nhu Visual Studio.NET cua hang Microsoft

Sau khi tao xong website voi cac cong cu phat trien nay, nguai thiet ke can mua 1)6 sung them cac thAnh phan phan mem tien ich khac nhu gio mua hang, phan mem quan tri nOi dung Cuoi cling lA tao ra cac phan mem trung chuyen de ket n6i website vAo cac phan mem voi ca sa dir lieu san c6 cua cong ty

Viec mua va sir di mg cat phan mem thuong mai dien tir nhin chung la dat hon so vOi viec sir dung cac dich vu thucmg mai ciia nha cung cap dich

vu, yeti chi phi hang nam co the tir 2.000 den 50.000 do la My Cac phan mem thuang mai dien tir c6 gia thanh trtmg binh chi cho phep ket n6i tai cac

ca sa dir lieu ve danh muc san pham Sau khi da ket not duac ten ca sey dit

lieu danh muc san pham, no cho phep cap nhat, thay d6i thong tin Tham chi, m6t vai he thOng con cho phep ket not tai he thOng quan tri tai nguyen (ERP) cua town b6 doanh nghiep Dieu nay cho phep cac citing ty khong phai chay &Ong thoai nhieu he thOng trimg lap nhau va gia tri dm he thong dang c6 duqc trai r6ng ra cho mgt vai he thOng phan mem Ba he thOng thuang mai dien tir ph6 bien hien nay cho cac doanh nghiep vira la Intershop Enfinity Multisite, WebSphere Commerce Suite dm IBM va Commerce Server 2002 dm hang Microsoft

(h) Mg't so pluin mem qua,: tri not dung website thuang mgi dien to

Phan lan cac phan mem thuang mai dien tir deu CO cac tinh nang d6ng va tien tich de tao ra cac trang web mAu, nhu trang chit, trang giai thieu, trang lien he Tuy nhien phan lem cac doanh nghiep muOn tuy bien cac trang web von dac thu rieng cua minh, phit h9p von san pham, dich vu va nganh nghe kinh doanh De mua mot phan mem quan tri n6i dung website thuang mai dien tir, can phai kiem tra cac tinh 'tang nham dam bao than vien cua cong ty co the thvc hien duqc cac thao tac thtkmg xuyen phai xir ly

d6i yen he thong nhu cap nhat, thay doi, b6 sung, xir ly cac dan dat hang, ke toan, thue Ve ca ban, phan mem can dap img yeu cAu dan gian h6a cac thao tac cua ngtr6i sir dung d6i von cac cong viec xir ly dir lieu va giao dich hang ngay

Khi thuang mai dien tir phat tritn, cac doanh nghiep CO xu htrong tim cac giai phap moi nham sir dung web va internet de chia se thong tin gifta cac than vien, khach hang, nha cung cap va cac d6i tic cua minh Phan mem quan tri n6i dung hi) tra quan 1S, khOi luang lan cac thong tin, van ban, hinh anh lien quan den cong viec kinh doanh Ved sv phat trien nhanh chong cita cong nghe khOng day, va cac thiet bi lchong day nhu dien thoai di d6ng, may tinh cam tay, PDA, viec quan tri n6i dung se gift') than vien chia xe thong tin

a dang han, giam thai gian, chi phi giao dich

Khi cong ty can co nhieu each khac nhau de truy nhap den tai nguyen thong tin nhu thong tin cac san phAm, quy each, gia ca, huong dan sir dung

co the xem xet giai phap quan tri va sir dung thong tin thong qua cac phAn

mem quan tri not dung Ba cong ty dang dim dau ve cung cap gidi phdp quiin trj nfii dung trin thi Documentum, Vignette va

500.000 USD

(iii) Mot so phiin mem quan tri he thong dieing tin trong doanh nghiep

Ngay nay s6 lugng cac cong ty sir dung phAn mem quan tri nOi dung (CMS) dang ngay can tang len 11Au het cac phAn mem quan tri not dung dugc thiet ke ra a trg giup cac cong ty quan tri tat ca cac thong tin trong nOi

be doanh nghiep Mk du gia thanh da giam xu6ng do viec thay the cac hinh thirc luu trir thong tin truyen thong tren giay t6 sang luu tnt dinh clang then tir, met vai ding ty bat au nhAn ra rang gia tri dich thuc cua nhimg van ban

do la thong tin chua dung trong cac he thing thong tin nay Do vA'y, ho bat dAu tim kiem cac he th6ng co the gifip hg quan tri cac tri thirc hcm la viec chi bieu di& cac van ban hay hinh thirc cita tri thirc Ck phAn mem nhu vAy dugc ggi IA phAn mem quan tri tri fink (Knowledge Management)

Phan mem quan tri tri thirc giup cac cong ty b6n viec chinh sau: thu thA'p va to chic thong tin, chia se thong tin cho nguoi sir dung, nang cao nang luc cim nguoi sir dung trong cong tac, luu fru cac tri thin thu dugc qua viec sir dung thong tin sao cho ngu6i sir dung trong Wong lai c6 the hoc had kinh nghiem cua nhang nguei sir dung hien hanh Plan mem quan tri tri thirc cling bao g6m cac cong cu cho phep d9c cac van ban dien tir (vi du duoi dinh long Microsoft Word hoc Adobe PDF), anh quet cila van ban, thong diep dien tir, tin nhan, hoc cac trang web Phan mem quan tri tri thirc cung bao g6m cac ding cu tim kiem mph cho phep sir dung ngi'r nghia va cac thuAt town th6ng ke de trg giup ngu6i dAng tim kiem cac nei dung va cac tai nguyen khac de trg giup nguiyi dAng trong viec nghien cfru ding nhu ra quyet dinh

Ck phAn mem quan tri tri thirc dugc chAo bad mot s6 nhA cung cap phAn mem lon bao g6m IBM Lotus Discovery Server, Microsoft SharePoint Technologies Ben cph do, ding cao 2 cong ty nho ham cung cap phAn mem quan tri tri thirc khac do IA Entopia Quantum va Miro Worlds Technologies Scopeware T6ng tri gia cho viec cai at phAn mem quan tri tri thirc bao

g6m ca phan cling, ban quyen phan mem, phi to van thuong khoang to 50.000 den 1.000.000 USD

(iv)Phdn edm phan tich du lieu (Data Mining)

Chuang trinh may chit web c6 the thu thap dugc cac thong tin ve nguad sir dung khi h9 truy nhap vao website, cac thong tin nhu ai dang truy nhap, truy nhap trong bao lau, bat du truy nhap vao luc nao, luc nao thi ket thitc,

va nguati sir dung da vao nhimg trang nao Da lieu thu thap dugc nay se dugc luu trir trong file nhat 14 (log file) Tuy nhien, t6c dO tang truamg cita tep nhat 14, nay la rat nhanh, dac biet la nhimg trang web pht) bien thi c6 the

co hang tram nghin nguoi truy nhap trong mot ngay Viec phan tich cac file nhat 14 nay mot cach can than se thu dugc nhieu ket qua c6 lgi cho hoat dOng kinh doanh De nam dugc y nglila cua cac thong tin trong "nhat 14", thong thuamg chimg to phai sir dung phan mem phan tich du lieu dm nha cling cap thir ba Chuang trinh nay c6 chirc nang tong hgp thong tin tir "nhat kS," va dua ra cac bao cao cu the nhu bao nhieu nguati sir dung truy nhap trang web mot ngay, gief, phut hoac thad gian nao thi s6 ngtriyi sir dung tang dOt bien, hay trang nao trong website dugc nhieu nguad xem nhat, muc nao dugc truy nhap nhieu nhat Cac chucmg tinh phan tich "nhat ky website" phi bien phai ke den cac san pham dm Analog, Keylime Software, Urchin Web Analytics, Web Side Story va Webtrends

(v) Tien ich Link - checking va quan tri website doanh nghiep

MOt website quan tri chuyen dung bao g6m mgt tap cac co cite chuan, bat du vai link-checking Link-checker kiem tra tong trang tren website xem co trang nao bi 18i, bi hong, hay c6 bat kY sit c6 nao do NO ding cung cap dugc thong tin ve cac tep "m6 coi", tire la cac tep khong dugc bat ky trang web nao lien ket den trong website MOt co the quan trong khac cua website quart tri la kiem tra tinh hieu li,rc cua cac script va HTML MOt vai ding cu quan tri khac cif) the xac dinh dugc 18i ve cac trang va ma ngu6n, liet ke danh sach cac duang lien ket hi 18i, va giri ket qua bao tri den nguad quan tri qua thu dien tit

D6i vai trang web dm cong ty, viec thuamg xuyen theo doi kiem tra cac duamg lien ket la rat quan trong MOt vai phan mem may chit web khong co

tinh nang kiem tra duelng lien ket MOt lien ket chet (dead link), la lien ket khi truy nhap an no se thong bao loi thay vi hien thi nOi dung ciia lien ket d6 Mqt vAi cong cu nhu Macromedia Dreamweaver dugc bao g6m ca co the kiem tra duamg lien ket HAu het cac phAn mem kiem tra lien ket la cac chuang trinh chay rieng biet MOt trong cac chuang trinh kiem tra lien ket

do IA Elsop LinkScan ma doanh nghiep c6 the tai mien phi phien ban dung thir tir Internet Ket qua dm cong viec kiem tra lien ket co the dugc dua ra ngay tren cfra s6 cua trinh duyet web hoac dugc giri thu dien tir an mOt nguiyi cu the Ben canh viec kiem tra cac lien ket chuang trinh kiem tra website con c6 the kiem tra chinh to va cac thanh phAn c6 cAu truc khac cua trang web

(vi) MOt so cac nha cung dip dich vu thuang mai (CSP — Commerce Service Provider) co ban

Sir dung dich vu luu tril web dia mOt nha cung cAp dich vu thay vi to mua mOt may chili rieng dong nghia vai viec gbh nang nhan su va ding nghe da chuyen tir doanh nghiep sang nha cung cAp dich vu luu tra web (web hosting providers) Cac CSP co nhang lgi the tucmg to nhu loi the dm cac nhA cung cAp dich vu internet (ISP), trong do co viec phan b6 chi phi cua mOt website lan cho nhieu "nguad thue" website nho han Ngoai ra, chi phi thAp la lgi the lan nhAt vi nhA cung cAp dich vu luu tit da mua may chil, cai dat va chiu trach nhiem van hanh may chii

CSP cung cAp mien phi hoac voi gia re cac phAm mem thuang mai dien tir de xay dung cac trang web thuang mai dien tit ma cac trang web nay sau

do lai dugc luu trir tren may cua CSP Cac dich vu nay thuemg co gia khoang 20USD/thang, va phAn mem nay dugc gan truc tiep vAo website cua CSP, cho phep doanh nghiep ngay lap tirc xay dung va luu tit dugc website cua minh vai giao dien cua phAn mem nay Cac dich vu nay dugc thiet ke cho cac doanh nghiep Who kink doanh truc tuyen, chi ban mOt so it cac mat hang (thuemg kh6ng qua 50 nh6m hang) va co lugng giao dich tuang doi nho (thuang it han 20 giao dich mOi ngay) ValueWeb, hoat dOng tir nam

1996, la mOt vi du thanh cong dien hinh cua cac CSP

CSP kilu Mall-Style gian hang)

Cac CSP kieu Mall-style cung cap cho cac doanh nghiep nho ket not Internet nhtmg cong cu tao trang web Chi phi luu trit website hang thang thtrang cao hcm so von chi phi tir nha cung cap dich vv website g6c MOt vai nha cung cap dich vv ding thu phi theo phAn tram va/hoac phi co dinh cho moi giao dich von khach hang Nhcmg nha cung cap dich vv nay cung cung cap nhang cong cu chat lucmg cao, cac mAu gian hang, giao dien ca sir dung

va kha nang tao trang web nhanh va thuan tien

Cac CSP kieu Mall-Style cung cap phAn mem gib mua hang hoac cho phep sir dung phan mem gi6 mua hang tir cac nha cung cap khac HQ ding thvc hien quy trinh xir ly thanh toan vOi khach hang sir dung the tin dung hoac hinh thirc thanh toan khac CSP thay mat cho ngu6i ban thvc hien viec chap nhan thanh toan bang the tin chimg Mac du doanh nghiep dang tra phi hang thang cho CSP, trang web khong phai hien thi bat kSi banner quang cao nao, dieu nay gia tang mirc dO tap trung cua khach hang Lqi ich thin to cua CSP kieu Mall style la h9 cung cap cac cong cu duy tri va xay dimg website c6 chat lucmg cao hcm so yen cac CSP co sor Trong cac mo hinh thanh cong dien hinh cua cac CSP kieu Mall-style c6 eBay Stores va Yahoo! Store

Djch vu thwang mgi dien tir caa Yahoo!Store

Yahoo!Store la mOt trong se dich vv c6 chi phi cao nhat trong nhom cac CSP kieu Mall Yahoo!Store hoat dOng nhu mOt nha cung cap dich vu luu tit web khong chi cho hang ngan cira hang nho, ma cho ca nhi-mg ten Wei lan nhu Kennedy Center Space Shop hay tap chi Rolling Stone NM -mg cong ty nay van lap gian hang tren Yahoo ben canh website rieng cua h9, sir dung Yahoo!Store nhu mOt cong cu ban le gia tang huOng ton cac khach hang cua Yahoo Cac cong ty khac neu kh6ng ban nhimg san pharn chinh cua hQ trvc tier) tai khach hang tren mpg c6 the dung Yahoo!Store nhu mOt toy rai quang cao cho nhimg khach hang ghe tham Yahoo

Doanh nghiep c6 the tao, thay dei va duy tri cira hang tren Yahoo thong qua trinh duyet web Yahoo luu tit tat ca cac trang web tren may chi' dm Yahoo Yahoo cling xir 1ST cac giao dich thanh toan ten mOt may chi' an toan Khi mOt doanh nghiep dang kSt sir dung gian hang tren Yahoo, ten

trang web dm doanh nghiep se la ten mien cap 2 dm Yahoo Vi du http://store.yahoo.com/BoldImpressions neu ten ding ty la BoldImpression

De nang cap va duy tri gian hang, doanh nghiep truy cap voi ten truy cap va mat khau cila minh, sau do sir dung cac cong cu truc tuyen de sira d6i nOi dung trang web, them vao hoac xoa bat cac muc hang va thuc hien nhiMg thao tac khac Doanh nghiep ding có the sir dung Manager, mot san pharn phan mem do Yahoo cung cap a kiem tra cac thong tin thong ke, thiet lap cac phuong thirc thanh town, chon hinh thirc giri hang phi' hop va thay ci61 cac cai dat Khach vieng tham Yahoo truy cap gian hang thong qua duimg link Yahoo! Shopping tren trang chu dm Yahoo

5.1.3 M'Ot sá giai phdp thwong mcd dren ter cho doanh nghiep Tern

5.1.3.1 Intershop Enfinity

Intershop Enfinity MultiSite la giai phap thuong mai dien tir cho phep doanh nghiep trang bay va tim kiem san pham, gio mua hang, xir ly giao dich vori the tin dung truc tuyen va kha nang ket not voi cac he th6ng thong tin va co sa dit lieu khac cifa doanh nghiep Intershop Enfinity MultiSite gem be, cong cu ho fro cai dat, cong cu tao catalog va quan tri dit lieu, deng thiyi phan mem nay ding cung cap nhieu mAu gian hang ducfc thiet ke san Viec quan tri va thay d6i s6 lieu cho gian hang duoc thuc hien qua Internet thong qua mot trinh duyet web hoac truc tiep tren may chit Module quan ly hang ten kho theo doi lucmg hang ten kho va cho phdp quan ly ra soat s6 lucmg timg mix hang con san co, kiem soat va thong ke cac giao dich xuat nhap hang Phan mem cho phep doanh nghiep ap dung cac bien phap Vic tien thucmg mai khac nhau, vi du nhu chit khau dirge thuc hien a dang, nguiyi quan IS, chi can xac dinh nguyen tic chit khau va khoang thori gian

ap dung chit khau rei cap nhat vao phan mem MOt ph'a'n quan tong dm he th6ng nay la module quan tri co sa dit

Intershop Enfinity MultiSite co the van hanh vOi nhieu co sa da lieu khac nhau, vi du nhu DB2 (co so M lieu dm IBM) hoac cac co so dir lieu cifa Oracle Phan mem nay ding tich hop cong cu giri email to dOng, co the giri xac nhan don hang to dOng tai khach hang Enfinity ding h6 tro d6i voi cac cong ngh'e bao mat nhim thuc hien cac giao dich an town Cong cu thong

ke cho phep xay dung nhieu loai bao cao giiip theo cloi hoat deng cua

website, s6 khach troy cap ding nhu cac thao tac, hanh vi cita khach hang tren website

5.1.3.2 IBM WebSphere Commerce Professional Edition (Phcin mem WebSphere Throng mgi czia IBM Phien ban Chuyen nghiep)

cac doanh nghiep vita va lOn Phan mem nay bao gam: cac mlu catalog, quy

trinh cai dat va cac dog cu tien tien cho viec tao catalog de ha trg ding ty trong viec tao ra met trang web thuang mai dien tir hap din va hieu qua IBM WebSphere Commerce Professional Edition dugc sir dung cho ca mo hinh B2B va B2C, dang then c6 the ket not de dang voi cac 110 thong thong tin hien hanh cua doanh nghiep nhu quan tri nhan su, cac ca so dit lieu hang tan kho, he thong mua sam truc tuyen, quan tri quan he khach hang

IBM WebSphere Commerce c6 the chay dugc tren nhieu he dieu hanh

nang cap thanh gian hang kin hon Phan mem c6 cong cu de xay dung cac gian hang dien tir met cach de dang Cac chirc nan khac nhu thanh toan, ha trg khach hang c6 the dugc ba sung bang cach thuc hien cac lenh c6 sin hoc viet ma Doanh nghiep co de clang cap nhat cac san pham, gia ca va hinh anh san pham IBM WebSphere Commerce Professional Edition cling cho phep dang tai cac san pham co the download dugc tir mang, nhu ban nhac hoc phan mem

Mac du WebSphere dua ra rat nhieu lua chon v'e cac chirc ruing, chuemg trinh tien ich va cac lenh de doanh nghiep co the tao ra met gian hang tut tuyen theo so thich, a sir dung dugc doanh nghiep can co lap trinh vien viet yen ngon net JavaScript, Java hoc C++ Phan mem nay co tat

ca nhang dac thit cila met website thuang mai dien tit tieu chuan, bao gam cac cong cu tao gio mua hang, thOng bao bang email sau khi thuc hien xong don hang, ho trq giao dich an toan, khuyen mai va giam gia, theo dOi thuc hien don hang, lien ket ten he thOng ke toan doanh nghiep va quail Vi website tnirc tiep hoc tir xa qua trinh duyet web

5.1.3.3 Microsoft Commerce Server (cac phien ban tit 2002 den nay)

Microsoft Commerce Server cho phep doanh nghiep ban san pham va dich vu tren mpg bang cach sir dung cac ding cu nhu: quan l5r khach hang, xir ly giao dich, quan ly san pham va dich vu, marketing theo khach hang Microsoft Commerce Server thiet lap mot quy trinh huang dAn nguari dung xay dung nen website thong qua mot s6 btrac, tuy nhien ngueyi quan lSr website phai viet b6 sung mot s6 doan ma chuang trinh nhat dinh de dam bao phan mem nay dap irng nhang yeu eau sir dung Cong cu Visual Studio.NET, dugc cung cAp kern yen Microsoft Commerce Server cho phep doanh nghiep c6 the thud hien cac tuy bien d61 van website da xay dung Ngoai ra, Microsoft Commerce Server cung cAp them cac ding cu gitip doanh nghiep g'an ket von khach hang, to dOng thud hien va ket fink don hang va phan tich cac thong tin ban hang Commerce Server cung cAp ding

cu cho vied quang cao, khuyen mai, ban hang, dac biet c6 the ca biet h6a cac dich vu doi yen tong khach hang

Microsoft Commerce Server 2002 cung cAp cac bao cao theo clang dinh sari de phan tich hoat &Ong cua website va phan tich s6 lieu ban hang Microsoft Commerce Server 2002 ding cung cAp ding cu gio mua hang, xac nhan hoan tat mua hang bang email, va ho trg giao dich an town Phan mem nay c6 the ket n6i voi cac he thong ke toan cua doanh nghiep, ding thin nha quan ly ding c6 the theo doi town be, hog dOng kinh doanh thong qua trinh duyet web

5.1.3.4 Phein mem thwang mai align to danh cho doanh nghiep lan (Enterprise-Class)

Tren thi tnriYng hien nay ding c6 mot s6 san pham danh cho doanh nghiep lan van cu6ng dO giao dich cao, quy mo lern nhu IBM WebSphere Commerce Business Edition, Oracle E-Business Suite, va Broadvision One-To-One Commerce

Phan mem thuang mai dien tit danh cho doanh nghiep lorn cung cap cac ding cu lien ket va ho trg cho cac hoat &Ong mua sam, san xuAt va ban hang dia doanh nghiep Phan lan cac ding ty thuong mai B2B d cit hang tai cac dOi tac cung cAp von cac quy trinh da dugc thong nhAt giaa cac ben De ban

san pham, phan mtm thuang mai dien tir cung cap cac chuan cho giao dich thuang mai dien tir nhu xir 15/ va hoan thien giao dich dam bao an toan, chinh xac han Vi du, phan mtm c6 tht twang tac voi he th6ng quan l5r hang ton kho cua cOng ty va tien hanh nhung ditu chinh phu hop, tao dan mua hang voi nhang mat hang c6 luting eon kho giam xu6ng mirc thap va nhap clit lieu ke toan trong he th6ng ERP hoac he th6ng ltru

Trong trutmg hop giao dich B2C, khach hang sir dung trinh duyet web cua minh de tim kiem catalog san pham VOi hang s6 h6a khach hang c6 tht tai san pham trkrc tiep tir website, hoac c6 the ditn vao dan hang a mua ban cung May chit dugc n6i yen cac he th6ng khac, Om he tilling quan tri ca so

du lieu, may chii ban hang va may chu cho cac img dung Ca se dir lieu thuang chira hang trieu dOng thong tin vt cac san pham, gia ca, *mg hang thong tin va lich sir mua hang dm khach hang Th6ng ke cac giao dich mua sam cua khach hang cho phep website dua ra cac gqi 5, hay de xuat vai khach hang thtrimg xuyen dac biet khi ho troy lai tham cac muc hang c6 lien quan

Cac cong ty luu frit dir lieu vt khach hang, qua trinh khach hang truy cap web se dugc ltru vao ca str dir lieu len, sir dung nhimg cong cu chuyen dung de phan tich nhang dir lieu nay nham cai thien m6i quan he \Teri khach hang Nhang dir lieu nay thutmg gom cac thong tin dm thug khach hang, cac trang web ho xem, thai gian vieng tham teen mOi trang, cac san pham ducrc xem va mua quan ly to t tat ca cac hog dOng nay, cac website thuang mai dien tir lan thuting sir dung module phan mtm quan ly quan he khach hang (CRM) Ben canh do, cac cong ty ding six dung cong cu de tich hop he th6ng san xuat cua minh voi he th6ng thong tin dm nha cung cap, khi d6 website thuang mai dien tir c6 them module phan mtm quan tri cung img (SCM)

Sir dung hieu qua cac cong cu ten cho phep doanh nghiep ket not khach hang, doanh nghiep va nha cung cap Chia se thong tin giaa cac ben

la mOt Ong l%rc de thu but khach hang truy cap website cua doanh nghiep, d6ng thai nha cung cap ding co thong tin de len ke hoach cung cap bleu qua

va kip thOi han Phan mtm thuang mai dien tir cung co them cac module cho phep ter Ong quan l5, va thay doi thong tin tren website

5.1.3.5 Phcin mem quail tri quan he ved khach hang (CRM — Customer Relationship Management)

Muc dich cua CRM la tim hieu nhu eau nhAt dinh cua tong khach hang

va sau d6 tiny bin san pham hoac dich vu a dap img nhang nhu cAu d6 Thong thuang, khach hang se san sang tra gia cao han cho cac san phAm va dich vu ma dap img chinh xac nhu cau cua hg Mac di' cac cong ty co the co cac ky thuat CRM khac nhau, song cac cong ty k'm co the d'au tu nhang phan mem tu dOng hoa hAu het nlang hoat dOng cua CRM

Ph'an mem CRM phai nhan so lieu tir phan mem tac nghiep thuc hien cac hoat &Ong nhu: tu &Ong h6a ban hang, phuc vu khach hang va quang cao Phan mem nay ding giup thu thap dir lieu ve cac thao tac cita khach hang tren trang web dm doanh nghiep Phan mem CRM sir dung cac dir lieu nay a giiip cac nha quan ly tin hanh phan tich chin lugc marketing, m8 hinh hanh vi khach hang, My bin san pham dich vu, de dap img nhu cAu cua mot hoac mot Whom khach hang nhAt dinh Dan gian nhat, CRM sir dung cac th8ng tin ve khach hang a ban cho h9 nhieu san pham han hoac san pham co lqi ich cao han Vai tinh nang cao km, CRM thuong xuyen truyen dat cho khach hang nhang kinh nghiem mua hang tot va hqp 1$, nhAt CRM dong vai tro rat quan trong trong viec duy tri su trang thanh cita khach hang vai doanh nghiep, dac biet trong trtrimg hqp quy trinh mua hang mat nhieu th6i gian va phirc tap nhu thiet ke va lip dat may m6c theo yeu eau cua khach hang, thiet ke san pham phan mem, cung cap cac giai phap tong the ve san xuat

MOt s6 cong ty tu viet phan mem CRM sir dung tu van tir ben ngoai va nhan luc cita cling ty Trong nhitng nam gar' day, cac nha san xuAt phan mem da nang cao chAt lugng va tin ich trong phan mem CRM Do d6, cac cong ty lan co xu hugng mua toan bO phan mem CRM thay vi tu dau tu de phat triln nhang phan mem nay

5.1.3.6 Philn mem quan tri day chuy'n cung zing (SCM)

Phan mem SCM ho trg doanh nghiep trong viec phOi h9p hoat dOng

cim doanh nghiep vo7 cac nha cung cap de dugc cung img (IL vao nhanh va

hieu qua nhat Phan mem SCM thuang c6 hai chirc nang ca ban: len Ice hoach va thuc hien ke hoach HAu het cac ding ty deu cung cap phAn mem SCM von hai chirc nang tren vai mire d6 chi tiet khac nhau Phan mem lap

ke hoach SCM gifip cong ty dua ra cac du bao dua tren nhimg th6ng tin dm cac thanh vien trong day chuyen cung frng Phan mem thuc hien ke hoach SCM gifip cong ty thuc hien cac nhiem vu nhu quan tri kho hang va phan ph6i Hien nay c6 hai ding ty cung cap phan mem SCM hang du la i2 Technologies va Manugistics

San pharn i2 Technologies g6m cac b0 phan quail 15/ viec lap ke hoach ve nhu eau, lap ke hoach cung (mg va dap frng nhu eau d6 Module lap ke hoach danh gia luting cAu gom nhieu thuat toan khac nhau duac tuy bien phu hap von timg thi triremg Module nay c6 nhiem vu xem xet cach thirc mua sam cua khach hang va dua ra nhang du bao Module lap ke hoach ding ph6i hap phan phan ph6i, du bao mire hang ton kho, mua hang va phan b6 hang cung img Module thuc hien dan hang c6 nhiem vu thuc hien viec quan tri don hang, xac mink khach hang va thuc hien dan hang

San phai' n Manugistics SCM bao Om module lap Ice hoach g6c von chirc ming dieu 'chi& cac yeu t6 khac cila he th6ng; module quan tri van tai, lap Ice hoach san xuat, lap ke hoach mua hang va quark 1y nguyen vat lieu

Chi phi tip dung phAn mem SCM rat khac nhau tay thuc vao mOt s6 diem trong day chuytn cung frng nhu cfra hang ban 16, kho hang, trong tam phan ph6i va cac nha may san xuat

5.1.3.7 He thong quan try nguOn luc doanh nghiep tich hop (ERP)

Nhitu website B2B phai co kha nang ke't n6i von cac he thong thong tin

Quin 1S, ngutn luc doanh nghiep (ERP) Phan mem ERP la he th6ng cat module phan mem duac tich hap thanh mOt he th6ng nham quan 15 , mai hoat d6ng cua doanh nghiep, tir ke toan, quan 15, mua hang, san xuat, marketing, len ke hoach, quan tri du an, va cac chirc nang quan 1ST tien Cac nha cung cap phan mem ERP chit Ou hien nay Om Baan, Oracle, PeopleSofft (hien nay thuc Oracle) va SAP

Phat trail) h'4 &Ong

• Thiet ke he tilting

• Xay dung 4' thong

• Thir nghi'On 4 tilting

• Xay chrng Tai Ruhtrang clan

VtIn Minh h§ timing

• Cai at 4 th6ng

• Van hanh hO thong

• Baa tri he thOng

5.2 Trien khai dv an thiroug mai coign tir trong doanh nghib

5.2.1 Cdc phwong phdp trian khai du• an thtrang mgi dien tir trong doanh nghtep

tritn khai du an thucmg mai dien tir trong doanh nghiep, nha quan ly

c6 the lua chan mot trong cac phuang phap sau:

- Doanh nghi'ep sir dung nguOn nOi tut de xay dung he thOng, xay dung phan m6'm img dung thuang mai dien tir

- Doanh nghiep mua he thOng ben ngoai

5.2.2 Quy trinh xay dvngphim m'dm ring dung thwang mai dien ter

5.2.2.1 Phumg phap SDLC (System Development Life Cycle)

Phucmg phap SDLC can c6 ten la phucmg phap thac nu6c (Waterfall) - tri 'en khai du an he tilling thong tin theo tirng buac (nhu thac nu6c)

Hinh 5.4: Phtrcrng phi') SDLC

Lap ke ho#ch

• Lap ke hoach

• MO to N thOng

Ngudn: Trang 376, Information Technology, Sixth Edition,

Pearson International Edition

Cdc bit& trian khai

thuc hien phuang phap nay doanh nghiep can thuc hien lAn lucrt 9

buorc bad timg bu6c c6 mOi lien he mat thief vai nhau, btrac tnrac lam ti&n

de cho buck sau

Giai don 1: Li.ip ke hoch (Definition Phase):

Buck I Llip ke hooch (Feasibility analysis)

Trong buck dau tien nay can xac dinh cu the he thOng thong tin can xay dung Ba nOi dung can de cap den la pham vi dm he thOng, lqi ich kinh t6

ma he thOng se mang lai va ke hoach van hanh

Ban ke hoach cua du an can chi ra muc dich xa'y dung he tilting thong tin a thuc hien nhimg ding viec gi, nhang ket qua ma he thOng se mang lai, nhang img dung nao se dugc trien khai, lam the nao de c6 dugc cac phAn mem frng dung do va he thOng can mot ca sof du lieu nhu the nao MOt yeu cau het sire quan tr9ng la can phai xac dinh dugc pham vi hoat Ong dm he thong: d6i tugng phuc vu cila he thOng, cac hoat dOng cu the dm he thong

Ve mat kinh te, dOi du an can phan tich xem can phai dAu tu bao nhieu cho du an, du tru nhang chi phi co the giam bat; nhiing nguOn thu c6 the tao

ra (doanh thu co dugc tir viec tang Vic dO ra quyet dinh, cai then quy trinh lap ke hoach va quan 13'T hay c6 them nhung co hOi kinh doanh mai); ding

• nhu nhimg lgi ich khac ma N thOng co the mang lai cho boat Ong chung dia doanh nghiep Ben canh do, ding can luu $r rang, nhang lgi ich kinh te

ma he thOng thong tin mang lai khong chi la nhimg lgi ich co the do dem dugc ma con c6 ca nhimg 19i ich vo hinh nhu: he tilting se gifip DN cai then dich vu khach hang, gitip DN c6 nhfing thong tin chinh xac, ding tin cay va day du de dua ra cac quy6t dinh kinh doanh mot cach nhanh chang, cla lieu

se dugc xu 1$r nhanh hon Mat khac, viec danh gia nhimg lgi ich ma du an mang lai ding can phai xem xet nhang rui ro co the gap phai Khong nen trien khai mot du an co mire dO riu ro cao ma lqi ich thap

Viec xac dinh s6 tien dau tu can thiet cho du an la het suc quan trQng Tn.rac het can hach toan chi phi theo ke hoach thuc hien du an cu the theo tuAn hoac theo thing va du kien chi phi tong the cho town bO qua trinh lip dat va van hanh he thOng

Bang 5.2 Chi phi dinh cho 'Lay dtrng hg thOng

Cac hoot d9ng % tong chi phi

.

nh tie A Tha

(US Dollar) Giai down Lap ke hoach

Giai down van hanh 14 thong

Gem Cai dat, Van hanh va Bao

Trang 377, Managing Information Technology, Sixth Edition,

Pearson International Edition

Mat khac, ban ke hoach can xay dung ke hoach thuc hien du an bao g6m nhiem vu, cac ngutm lac can huy dOng va khung thiri gian thuc hien Khung then gian thuc hien chinh la dinh ra cac m6c thuc hien du an la nhi-mg thOi diem quan trQng danh dau nhitng nhiem vu dugc hoan thanh

Buyit 2: Mo to h? thong (requirements definition)

Sau khi ban ke hoach da dugc thOng qua thi buoc tiep theo la mo to he th6ng MOt ban mo to he th6ng day du, chinh xac se guy& dinh viec doanh nghiep xay dung dugc mot he th6ng thong tin phit hgp va co chitin lucre phat trien he th6ng dung dan Ngtrgc lai, neu ban m8 to he th6ng thong tin ldfong chuan xac se dan den viec doanh nghiep phai be, ra rat nhieu chi phi de xay dung mOt he th6ng lchong phit hop va tham chi con phai chi nhieu han s6

tindAu to ban au de sira ai he thong

Do tinh chat quan tong a buck nay ma cac chuyen gia ding nghe thong tin an tham khao y kien cua nhcmg ngoai se sir dung he thOng va nhang nguiyi chiu trach nhiem van hanh he thOng Co the sir dung cac phucrng thirc

da dang a lay S, tuang xay dung ban m6 to he titling dia cac ben co lien quan Can xin y kien chi dao cua cac lanh dao, phong van tong Ca nhan hoac theo nhom cac dai dien cua ding dOng nhang nguai se sir dung he thOng thong tin Ngoai ra nen nghien ciru cac tai lieu co lien quan nhu cac ke hoach kinh doanh, nhang y kien than phien ve he thOng hien tai, cac ban mo

to cong viec chuyen mon dm cac bo phan, hay tham chi la cac ding trinh nghien cunt ve cac he thong tucmg tu Nhttng nguOi thuc hien ban m8 to c6 the quan sat qua trinh tac nghiep cua cac nhan vien trong doanh nghiep tir da c6 the nam bat dugc nhung kho khan, tra ngai va cac loi thuong gap de tir d6 xay dung dugc mot he thOng se hO trg khac phuc nhang nhugc diem d6 Ban mo to nay nen tap trung mo to cac quy trinh, cach thirc luu chuyen

va trao dOi dir lieu han la mo to ve cach thlk lap dat va van hanh he thOng thong tin Ban mo to can neu dugc nhang yeu cau cu the d6i vai he thOng de nhimg nguoi chiu trach nhiem xay dung he thiing co the theo doi va thuc hien dung theo mo td Trong qua trinh xay dung ban mo to c6 the nay sinh nlifing y kien bat dOng gifra nhang ngoai se sir dung he thOng, do d6 cac chuyen gia can dua ra nhang phan tich cu the va chinh xac de cc!) the dat dugc su dOng thuan, ngoai ra doanh nghiep ding co the thue cac chuyen gia tir van ben ngoai de co the nhanh chong xay dung dugc mot ban mo to he thOng phu hop

Ket qua cila buck nay la ban M8 to he tilting thong tin cu the bao g6m

m8 to cac yeti to dau vao va dau ra cua he thOng, va cac quy trinh dugc sir dung de chuyen hea cac di"' lieu dau vao thanh nhimg ket qua theo yeu cau

Ban mo to co the day hang tram tang vai cac so dO, mo hinh mieu to chi tiet

nhang ket qua du kien thu duck tir he thOng nay va ke hoach phat trien du

an tier) theo Sau khi lap ban mo to he thOng can yeu cau nhang nguiYi se sir dung he thOng ky xac nhan ve nhung yeu eau dOi vai he thOng th6ng tin

Giai doon 2: Phat train 14 thong (Construction Phase)

Trong buck nay, cac chuyen gia he thong thong tin se dua tren Ban mo

to he thong trong buac 2 6 thiet ke ca sa ky thuAt cho he thong Cac chuyen gia se dua ra quyet dinh se sir dung cac thiet bi phAn ding gi va phAn mem 14 thong nao de van hanh he thong, thiet ke cAu triic va nOi dung ca sa

du lieu, va quyet dinh dung cat thiet bi truyen thong nao cho he then Nhung not dung can thiet k6 bao gem: giao dien nguari sir dung, cach thirc

to chirc dir lieu, each thirc khai thac he thong qua mang, quy trinh xir ly dir lieu Thiet ke met he thing phii harp la rat quan trong bad tinh chAt ky thuAt dia he thong khong the be sung sau nay, no phai dugc thiet ke phu hop cho

he thong ngay tir ban au

Met he thong tot la he thing co cac cong cu quan ly dAy du nham dam bao dir lieu dm he thong luon chinh xac va cac thOng tin ma 14 timing cung cAp luon chuAn xac Ben canh di, he thong nay phai co de tin coy cao, bAt cir khi nao xay ra su c6, he thong au co the hei phuc va tiep tuc hog dOng

ma khong bi mat du lieu He thong can hog dOng lien tuc va khong bi tac di:mg bari cac thay dei nho tir mOi truemg ben ngoai He thong ding cung cAp cho may tinh cua nhang nguad dung cac img dung lien quan de dir lieu co the dugc trao dei de dang He thing can hoat deng hieu qua, nhanh ching dap img cac yeu cAu dugc giri den, xir ly tot va kip thad cac dir lieu dugc giri den va truyen dir lieu di, luu tit tot dir lieu va sir dung triet de cac tai nguyen tren may tinh He thong can co tinh linh hog va day di' dir lieu de

cung cAp cho nguad dung ding nhu cac chuyen vien he thong He thong can

co cac lira ch9n de dAu vao va dAu ra cua no co the tucmg thich dugc vOi phAn cung va molt truing cac phan mem img dung dm no va co the a clang thay din hay bao duong Cuei cimg he th6ng can "than thien" voi nguari dung: a II, va sir dung

Nham dam bao cho he thong dugc thiet k'e chinh xac va dAy du, cac chuyen gia he thong can lien tuc thin nghiem he thong truac vai cac den nghiep, sau do la cac nguari dung bang cach sir dung cac me hinh de h9a Ket qua co dugc a buo.c nay la met ban thiet ke chi tit de cung cap cho cac lap trinh vien va cac nhan vien ky thuAt Ban thiet ke can dirge the hien

duoi nhieu gOc dO khac nhau nha dugc tao ra bai rAt nhieu cac loaf cong cu, nhu Neu di bleu thi cAu true he thong Ban thiet ke can mieu to chi tiet cac

ca sa du lieu va cac chucmg trinh img dung cho he thing Ding thin can dua ra mOt ban ke hoach thtrc hien cac buac tiep theo trong giai clop nay Sau do, ban thiet ka nay can dugc cac nguai dung va nhung nguai quan 1ST

he thong thong qua truck khi thvc su bat tay vao xay dtmg he thong thong tin trong doanh nghiep

Buoy 4: Xdy &pig he thong (System Building)

Tai bulk nay cac chuyen gia se thtrc hien xay dung 110 thong mOt each thtrc to dtra ten nhiing gi d'a dugc thiet ke a biz& truce D6 la xay dtmg giao dien nguai sir dung, xay dung ca sa dor lieu, xay dtmg cac thanh phAn cua mang va viet cac chuung trinh xir ly do lieu Cac chuyen gia 110 thong thong tin la nhirng nguoi se chiu trach nhiem dux hien cac hoat Ong nay Tuy nhien nguai diing cong dong vai to quan trong trong viec g6p y cho nhimg thieu sot va ho trg cac chuyen gia khi can lam ro cac y'eu cau neu ra trong ban mo to cong nhu ban thiet ke he thong

Bwor 5: Kam dinh he thong (System Testing)

Day la btrac het size quan trong va thai gian danh cho buck nay CO the ngang bang vai thai gian dung de thiet ke va xay dung he thong Muc dich dia buck nay la de dam bao he thong dugc tao ra phu hgp vai cac yeu cAu dugc dua ra tnror do, va xem he thong hog Ong co hieu qua khong va tinh bao mat ciia he thong co tot khong

Tnrac hat cac chuyen vien he dicing thong tin lien hanh chay thir he thong, sau do se chay thir cho nguai dung kiem tra

Cac chuyen vien he thong chiu trach nhiem kiem dinh he thong de dam bao tao ra mot 110 thong c6 chAt lugng cao va hoat Ong hieu qua Quy trinh kiem dinh se la: talk tien can tin hanh ki0m tra tong phAn viec, kiem tra xem cac nhom c6 tucmg tac vai nhau khong, cu6i ding la kiem tra town bO

he thong va chay thir toan bO he thong Cac loi cita he thong c6 the dugc phat hien qua tat ca cac khau trong qua trinh chay thir Tuy nhien viec sira chi-7a cac 181 nay se rAt khO khan & khau cu6i ding khi rAt nhieu bO phan da

dugc IC& not vori nhau Do do, can danh phan lan thai gian cho viec phat hien va sira loi a khau kitm tra cuOi ding nay

Nhang nguai sir dung he thOng ding tham gia vao hoat dOng kitm dinh

he thOng Day lA buck kitm tra cuOi cung de quytt dinh xem nguai dung c6 chip nhan he thOng khong Nguai dung se chay thir he thOng de danh gia nang luc hoat dOng dm he thOng co dap Ong yeu cau cua ho khong Viec nguai dung tham gia vao giai down chay thir nghiem he thOng nay se dam bao cho viec ho se chip nhan sir dung he thOng mOi va hoat dOng nay ding

se cung cap cho nguai dung kiln thirc ca ban ve he thOng dat nen ming cho khau huan luyen nguai dung he thOng sau nay

Bwerc 6: Xily dung tai lieu hufmg dim (Documentation)

TAi lieu huang din he thOng la nhimg thOng tin Wet sire can thitt nharn cung c lap cho cac thanh vien trong dOi du an trong qua trinh phat tritn he thOng boi he thong thong tin rat pht'rc tap va khong tht bitu dat htt dugc khi

mo to bang lai noi

Giai clop 3: Lip d#t va van Minh 14 thong (Implementation Phase)

Cac chuyen vien he thOng va ca ngu6i dimg se cung tham gia tich cuc vao buac nay Cac hoat dOng can thuc hien bao gem chuytn du lieu tir he thOng di sang he thOng mai Nguoi dimg se phai tham gia vao viec chuytn dOi du lieu, ben canh do, nhung di!' lieu di co tht khong chuin xac va khong day du nen can cac nguai dimg kitm dinh lai va loai bo bat

MOt hoat dOng khac ding rat quan trong IA t6 chirc tap huin cho nhimg nguai se sir dung he thOng mai cling nhu nhitng ngu6i se chili anh huang bei hoat dOng cua he thOng Cac lap tap huin can dugc len lich sao cho dam bao moi ngu0i da dugc trang bi day du ky nang khi he thOng dugc dua vao van hAnh nhung cung khong nen to chirc cac lap tap huin qua sem vi nhu vay m9i nguai se quen nhung kiln thirc da dugc h9c

Ngoai ra, cac chuyen vien he thOng se chit' tract' nhiem lip dat phan cung va cAi dat cac phan mem img dung va mang truytn thong

Viec chuyen di sang he thong man se lA met qua trinh khO khan dei vari nguOi dimg bbi he thong man se lAm thay dei cac hoat deng cua doanh nghiep Nguari dimg khong chi phai hgc each sir dung he thong mad ma con phai thay di th6i quen lam viec cita h9 Them chi cac phan mem irng dung

có the rat hoan hao nhung viec van hanh he thong c6 the that bai neu nguari dimg kh8ng muen dimg he thong hoac khong biet each sir dung no nhu the nao Vi vay qua trinh chuyen di can dugc thuc hien het sire can than

Doanh nghiep c6 the sir dung cac chitin lugc sau de chuyen doi nguari dimg to he thong di sang sir dung he thong mai

Chien lugc van hanh song song (Parallel Strategy): Doanh nghiep van duy tri he thong cu hoat deng song song vari he thong mad cho den khi he thong mai chay tot va di vao en dinh Day la chitin lugc chuyen dei "than tong" bai no cho phep doanh nghiep sir dung he thong cu trong tnrong hgp

he thong mei gap true frac Tuy nhien, se rat kho quan l5r cac hoat Ong dm doanh nghiep bai nhan vien se phai ding thari sir dung ca hai he tilting va phai so sanh ket qua vai nhau de khang dinh dugc he thong mei hoat dOng tot Hon nita, khi c6 su trai ngugc gitra ket qua cita hai he thong thi lai can phai kiem tra lai xem nguyen nhan la do dau va sira lai, vi vay, viec lien hanh sir dung hai he thong song song rat kW) khan va cang thang

Hinh 5.5: Chien lime van hanh song song

Nguon Trang 381, Managing Information Technology, Sixth Edition,

Pearson International Edition

Chiin hrov van hanh thi diem (Pilot Strategy)

Chien lugc nay rat thich hop khi c6 the sir dung he thong mei cho met phan cua doanh nghiep Muc dich cua chitin lugc nay IA a phat hien va giai quy6t cAng nhieu cac van a có the nay sinh trong qua trinh van hAnh he thong truOc khi sir dung he thong cho town be to chtrc Vi du, tai nhimg

doanh nghiep c6 nhieu chi nhanh, thi c6 the sir dung thi diem he th6ng man tai mOt chi nhanh va thu thap cac kink nghiem trong viec chuyen di dir lieu cling nhu giai guy& cac 18i phat sinh truac khi van hanh he th6ng trong town doanh nghiep Neu trong qua trinh van hanh thi diem N th6ng gap lOi nang thi di the tri hoan viec irng dung trong town doanh nghiep cho den khi giai quyet duorc van 6 do mOt each triet de Chien lugc thi diem nay rat pha hop khi c6 to ngai ve nhimg rai ro 16m c6 the xay ra d6i voi t6 chirc khi van hanh

i* th6ng mOi

Hinh 5.6 Chien hrqc van hanh thi diem h§ thong m6i

Ngudn: Trang 381, Managing Information Technology, Sixth Edition,

Pearson International Edition

Chian lucre b (tc thang (Phasing Strategy)

DiSi voi cac doanh nghiep co he th6ng lOn va phirc tap thi nen chuyen

di N thong timg buac mOt Doanh nghiep se chia nho he th6ng thanh cac

N th6ng nh6 trong m6i tucmg quan von nhau va van hanh cac he th6ng nho theo tang buOc nhat dinh mOt cach logic de cu6i cling co the lien ket cac he th6ng nay lai voi nhau thanh mOt i* thiing moi hoan chinh Vi du, van mOt

N th6ng xir lST dan hang va quan 1St kho hang lOn thi truac het doanh nghiep can chuyen d6i cach thirc nhap va xir 1S, dan hang, sau do chuyen ai phuang that quan lS, kho hang bang cac phan mem may tinh va cuoi ding mai la lien ket hai N th6ng nay voi nhau

Hinh 5.7 Chien hrqc Igic thang

Ngudn: Trang 382, Managing Information Technology, Sixth Edition,

Pearson International Edition

CNA hrov thay thi toan bo (Cutover Strategy)

Trong chitin lucre nay, doanh nghiep loaf bo hoan town he thOng cu khi van hanh he thOng mai Day la chitin lucre có tinh ruf ro cao nhAt nhung day

la chitin lucre phit hop khi doanh nghiep gip kho khAn trong viec cling hie

van hanh Ca hai he thOng va no ding giup doanh nghiep thich nghi vai he th6ng mai nhanh hon

Hinh 5.8 Chien luqc thay the toin bq

Nguem: Trang 382, Managing Information Technology, Sixth Edition,

Pearson International Edition

T4i btrac nay, thong thuang dOi du an se giai tan va trach nhiem d6i vai

he th6ng thong tin se dugc chuyen giao cho dOi net van hanh may tinh va

hO to ky thuat Trong qua trinh chuyen giao nay, de dam bao có the dua he thOng vao hoat dOng thi dOi du an can giao lai cac tai lieu huong dart cho dOi net van hanh he tilting Tai lieu huang dan bao gOm cac tai lieu ky thuat

danh cho cac chuyen vien he thOng nhimg ngtrai se van hanh va bao tri he thOng va cac tai lieu danh cho nguai dung he thOng

Muc dich cua buoy nay nhim kiem soat va ho trg he thOng mai de dam bao no dap img dugc nhiing muc tieu khac nhau cua doanh nghiep Cong viec truck tien la bao tri chinh sta Sau khi he thOng dugc dua vao hoat dOng va phat sinh cac Van de thi phai lien hanh hoat &Ong bao tri he th6ng

de sira chfra cac 18i da lchong dugc phat hien va sira chira trong giai doan chay thir Hoat dOng bao tri hoan thien he thOng nhu thay d6i quy tic quart 1)", he thOng hay sir dung cac phAn mem va phAn cling mai can dugc thuc hien nham bien d61 he thong cho phu hop vai nhang thay dOi trong moi truang cua doanh nghiep Ben c4nh do, sau mot thoi gian dua he th6ng vao

sir dung thi cac nguad dung, dac biet la lanh dao se dua ra rat nhieu y kien cai tien he thOng to nhimg thay d6i nho den yeu eau thay the cac mo-dun trong he thOng, do do cac ky thuat vien se phai bao tri de nang cap he thOng CuOi cling la bao tri ma rOng, thay d6i he' thOng ten quy ma lan de phu hap von moi trutmg mai Do moi trtrang kinh doanh va cong nghe thay dOi rat nhanh nen NI phan van hanh he thOng can len ke hoach dinh kS, nang cap he thOng Chi phi danh cho cong tac duy tri he thOng thuang chiem khoang 70% ding chi phi cho town b6 chi phi phat trien 110 thOng

De tao ra su thay d6i cho mOt he thOng thi cac chuyen vien bao tri he thOng can xac dinh chucmg trinh nao can sira dOi va phan nao trong chucmg trinh do can thay dOi va can phai hieu r8 cau trac cila he thOng thong qua cac tai lieu huang dln Do do khi tao ra su thay doi trong he thOng thi cling can thay d6i dOng thai cac tai lieu huang dan Wang img Neu kh8ng sira d6i tai lieu huang clan thi se clan den nhimg hau qua rat to lon do thong tin trong tai lieu bi cu va khong chinh xac se clan den nhirng chi clan sai cho cac ky thuat vien trong qua trinh van hanh va duy tri he thOng Hon ara, khi thuc hien cac thay dOi d6i von he thOng thi co the xay ra hieu img lien hoan do la nhcmg thay d6i nay có the tao ra nhimg tac dOng khong the du tinh trirac dOi yeti mOt so phan trong he thOng

2.1.1.2 Dank gici phwmg phap SDLC

(I) UZI diem

- Quy trinh trien khai cif) cau trim het sirc chat the tir ma to yeu cau doi von he thong, thiet ke, phat trien, kiem dinh he thOng va cuOi cling la van hanh he tilting He thOng cac buck tri6n khai rat lb rang, cu the von viec phan deg nhiem vu rat ro rang cho cac chuyen gia cong nghe thong tin va nguai sir dung; de ra cu the cac moc hoan thanh cac nhiem vu, cac nguyen tac can tuan thu, cac yeu cau chi tiet ve ket qua se dat dugc Do do, dOi du

an co the xay dung dugc mOt he thOng thong tin hoan chinh dung thtri gian von chi phi khong vugt qua ngan sach dugc cap

- Nguai sir dung tham gia tich cut vao qua trinh thiet ke va xay dung

he tilting do de h9 se chii d6ng va de clang sir dung he thOng mai;

(ii) Nhuac diem

- Thai gian de trien khai du an fat dai va chi phi cho du an lam Do vay c6 the xay ra tinh tang cac yeu cau dua ra d6i voi he th6ng a bulk mo Ca, thiet ke he th6ng khong con phil hop vai mOi truing cua doanh nghiep von

luon thay doi rat nhanh chOng, trong khi cac buac phat trien he thOng luon phai thuc hien dung cac yeu cau da dugc dat ra a buck tn.rac Neu mu6n

dieu chinh cac yeu cau thi phai quay 10 cac bulk ban dau de sira dOi nen rat

mat thai gian Ting nghia voi ton kem them nhieu chi phi va lien dO du an se

bi charn lai

- Tinh phu thuOc giira cac buac thuc hien du an rat cao nen neu a buck truck co su thieu chinh xac thi se clan den sai sot a cac buac sau va de sira dOi thi phai lam lai tir dau Ngoai ra, do dp luc phai thuc hien dimg tien dO

da dat ra a btrac tn.rac nen c6 the clan den tinh trong day nhanh tic dO bang cach lam cau tha; hau qua la chat luting ciza he thing se khOng duoc dam bao

5.2.2.2 Phumg phap dui nghiem (Prototyping Methodology)

Phuong phap xay dung he th6ng thir nghiem la qua trinh xay dung mOt

he thing thir nghiem that nhanh ch6ng nham me) to va danh gia he thOng de nhUng nguai sir dung c6 the xac dinh cac yeu cau cu the va chinh sira trong qua trinh sir dung he thong thir nghiem do

Neu nhu phucmg phap SDLC rat phi' hop khi can xay dung mOt he thong lan va phirc tap thi phucmg phap thir nghiem nay lai la giai phap khi kh6 mo to ro rang, cu the chirc nang cua he th6ng hay can ngay mOt he th6ng de dimg thir nham thich nghi vai su thay dOi cua moi twang

Cele buoy trljn khai du an he thong thong tin theo phuang phap thti nghiem

Bwor 1: Xdc djnh cac yen au co' ban et& yeti hf thong

Cac chuyen gia ding nghe thong tin va ngutri sir dung cimg nhau xay dung cac yeu cau co ban d6i vai he th6ng: sir dung nhang dir lieu nao de nhap vao he th6ng, quy trinh xir 157 dir lieu, va cac lc& qua dat duoc Nhung yeu cau nay chi la nhang diem chinh, la diem khai dau de xay dung he thOng chir 'thong phai la ban mo to hoan chinh he thong