Bdi viet ddnh gid thiic trang md hinh tdng trudng kinh td tinh Quang Nam giai doan 1997-2013, tii do dUa ra hdm y chinh sdch ve dinh hudng vd cdc gidi phdp chu ydu di chuyin doi md hinh
Trang 1Danh gia thiic trgng mo hinh tang trudng kinh te
tinh Quang Nam
N G U Y E N C H I N
jXto hinh tdng trUdng kinh te tinh Quang Nam trong giai doan 1997-2013 dd co nhUng
* * * • thdnh cong ve quy md, tdc do tdng trUdng vd ndng cao mUc sdng ngudi ddn Tuy nhiin,
md hinh ndy chi van hdnh ehu ydu theo chieu rdng, do do viec chuyen ddi md hinh tdng trUdng sang chieu sdu Id cdn thiet Bdi viet ddnh gid thiic trang md hinh tdng trudng kinh td tinh Quang Nam giai doan 1997-2013, tii do dUa ra hdm y chinh sdch ve dinh hudng vd cdc gidi phdp chu ydu di chuyin doi md hinh tdng trUdng kinh tetinh Qudng Nam trong thdi gian tdi
Hdi nghi Idn thfl III B a n Cha'p h a n h
t r u n g fldng khda XI (2012) da xae
dinh: cd cd'u lai n i n kinh t e p h a i gan l i l n vdi
md hinh tdng trfldng theo hfldng n a n g eao
cha't Ifldng, hidu qua vd sflc canh t r a n h ; phai
dflde thfle hidn ddng bd trong td't ca cac
nganh, cac linh vfle trdn p h a m vi ca nfldc va
tflng dia phfldng
Cflng vdi ca nfldc, kinh t l Quang Nam da
cd tdng trfldng cao lidn tuc trong sud't thdi
gian qua Cd ca'u kinh t l va cd edu lao dpng
tilp ttic chuyen dich theo hfldng cdng nghiep
va dich vu Ddi sd'ng eua dai bd p h a n n h a n
dan dflpc n a n g len Tuy nhien, Quang Nam
vdn cdn la tinh ngheo, k i t cdu ha t a n g chfla
ddng bd, cha't Ifldng ngudn n h a n Iflc chfla dap
flng ydu cdu cdng nghiep hda N i n kinh t l cd
quy md nhd, t a n g trfldng chfla tfldng xflng
vdi t i l m nang, cd m a t t h i l u ben vflng; mdi
trfldng ddu tfl chfla t h a t sfl hd'p ddn; ddng
gdp vdo tang trfldng chu y l u vdn la ye'u to vd'n
vd lao ddng, yeu to' khoa hoc cdng nghe, nang
sudt lao dpng cdn thd'p Trong bd'i canh tai cd
cdu vd chuyen doi md hinh t a n g trfldng nen
kinh t l ca nfldc, d a n h gia thfle trang, lam rd
quan diem, dinh hfldng ehuyen doi md hinh
tdng trfldng kinh t e ciia tinh Quang Nam
trong thdi gian tdi la viec lam cdn t h i l t hien
nay
1 Dfl l i e u v a phfloTng p h a p n g h i e n clJfu
Danh gia md h i n h t a n g trfldng kinh t l
phai danh gid ddy du tdc dpng cua cac n h d n
td' san xuat, cac thdnh td' cua chi tieu, cd ehe tao ddng lUc cho t a n g trfldng va danh gia tac ddng cua t a n g trudng dd'n eon ngUdi, xa hdi
va mdi trfldng sinh thai Ve gdc dp san xudt, can phan tich tac ddng, hieu qua trong vide huy ddng vd sfl dung eac ngudn Ifle nhfl vd'n, lao ddng va nang suat eac n h a n td' tong hdp cho t a n g trfldng Ve gdc dp chi tieu, cdn phdn tich ddng gdp cua cdc t h a n h to tdng cdu - chi tieu dd'i vdi san Ifldng, bao gdm: tieu dung, dau tu, xua't nhap khau V l ddng lUe, cdn phdn tich ddng gdp cua the che', sfl vdn hdnh cua thi trfldng, ddng thdi danh gid mfle dp tae ddng cua tang trfldng de'n con ngfldi, xa hdi va mdi trfldng sinh thai Nghien cflu ndy sfl dung phfldng phap dinh Ifldng va tiep cdn gdc dp san xud't va ehi tieu de danh gia md hinh tang trfldng kinh t l tinh Quang Nam giai doan 1997-2013
Do sd' heu thong ke cua dia phfldng khdng dfl dfl Hdu dd tinh ty phan thu nhap cua lao ddng, tac gia sfl dung pbudng phdp Ude Ifldng (OLS) bang Eview 5.1 vdi ham san Ifldng thfle
te tren mdt lao ddng eho ea nen kinh t l va 3 khu vUe: ndng, lam, thuy san (NLTS), cdng ngbiep-xay dung (CN-XD) va dich vu (DV) vdi
13 quan sat (2001-2013) Gid tri von san xudt eua nen kinh te (K) nam ddu tien dflde tinh vdi gia dinh cd trfldc cac gia tri kha'u bao, ty
Nguyin Chin, TTiS., Dai Phdt thanh - Truydn hinh tinh Quang Nam
Trang 2Danh gia thuc trang mft hinh
p h d n t h u n h d p cua v l n , lao ddng va gia t r i
T F P Gia t r i v l n nhflng n a m t i l p theo t i n h
t h e o phfldng p h a p kh§iu hao lien t u c , cd so
s a n h mfle kha'u h a o von l a 8%/nam v a
6%/nam Cac kd't q u a u6c Ifldng va b a c h
t o a n t a n g trfldng cd so s a n h , dd'i chieu vdi
k i t q u a cac n g h i e n cflu trfldc doi vdi ca
nfldc
V l gdc dp chi tieu, hien n a y n g a n h thd'ng
kd eiia cac dia phfldng chi t i n h gia t r i tdng
s a n p h a m t r e n dia b a n (GRDP) t h e o
phfldng p h a p s a n xua't ndn k h d n g d u so lieu
cac t h a n h to tong cdu Tac gia td'ng hdp va
p h a n tich t h e m cac s i lidu xua't n h d p k h d u ,
ddu tfl, ehi n g a n sach n h a nfldc, chi d a m
bao xa hdi, cdc chfldng t r i n h mue tieu eiia
N h a nfldc tfl cac cd q u a n cd t h d m quyen
D u a vdo ly t h u y l t vdng t h u n h d p , chi t i e u
t r o n g n i n k i n h te' md vdi ddng thfle t h u
n h a p b a n g vdi chi tidu (Y=C+G+I+NX) d l
t i n h t o a n cac gia t r i ddu tfl h i n h t h a n h t a i
san, t h u n h a p k h a d u n g va tieu dflng ho gia
dinh
Do b a n chd' v l so' lieu, chudi thdi gian
ngdn, k i t q u a cd thd k h d n g h o a n t o a n
chinh xac nhUng cung du ed sd de n g h i e n
cflu xu hfldng ddng gdp cua cac n h a n td' s a n
xuat va ehi tieu vdc t a n g t r u d n g k i n h te'
cua t i n h
2 T h f l e t r a n g m o h i n h t a n g trfldfng
k i n h te' t i n h Q u a n g N a m g i a i d o a n
1997-2013
2.1 Tong quan tdng trudng kinh te
Tinh Q u a n g N a m dUdc t a i lap vao n a m
1997 vdi mdt h a t a n g k i n h te'-xa hdi ra't khd
k h a n Ty t r o n g NLTS chiem gdn 48% cd
eau tdng s a n p h a m , lao ddng lam viec t r o n g
k h u vUc nay chie'm hdn 78%; gia tri t a i s a n
cd' dinh t o a n n g a n h cdng nghiep t r e n dia
b a n chi cd 148 t y ddng, vdi eac cd sd gia
cdng nhd le
Trong giai doan 1997-2013, k i n h t l
Q u a n g N a m da cd t a n g trfldng cao lien tue,
binh q u a n t d n g 10,68%/nam, cao hdn td'c dp
tdng trfldng binh q u a n cua k h u k i n h te
t r o n g d i e m m i i n T r u n g va ca nfldc So vdi
n a m 1997, G R D P gia c l d i n h 1994 toan
t i n h n a m 2 0 1 3 t a n g h d n 6,2 Idn; khu vii; CN-XD cd td'c dp t a n g cao nhd^t - hdn 15 Idn; k h u vflc DV t a n g gdn 8 Ian Ty trong
N L T S t r o n g td'ng s a n p h d m da giam tfl 48% xuong cdn 17,2%, CN-XD da t a n g n h a n h tiif 19,6% l e n 42,3%; DV c u n g t a n g tfl 32,7%
l e n 40,5% Gia t r i G R D P b i n h quan ddu ngfldi t h e o gia thfle te' c u n g da t a n g dai^
k e : n a m 2013 la 30,7 t r i d u ddng, gap 14 Ian
so vdi n a m 1997
2.2 Ddnh gid mo hinh tdng trudng kinh tetinh Qudng Nam dudi gdc d6 sdn xudt
Ke't q u a udc Ifldng eho t h a y t y phdn thu
n h a p cua vd'n cho ca giai doan 2001-2013 la
r d t cao (a = 0,63), t y p h a n t h u n h a p cua lao dpng la ra't tha'p (p = 0,37) Ty Id ddng gop cua cac n h a n to s a n xua't vao t a n g trfldng dflde t r i n h b a y t r e n b a n g 1 va h i n h 1 BANG 1 : T y l e d o n g g o p c u a ciic nhan to' s a n x u a t v a o t a n g t r f l d n g (%)
1997-2000
2001-2005
2006-2010
2011-2013
%K
194,42
147,93
96,62
67,06
%L
11,57
6,45
5,29
5,76
%TFP
-105,99
-54,38
-1,91
27,18
Ngudn: Tinh todn cua tic gia
Trong suot thdi gian tfl n a m 1997 ddn
2010, vd'n da l a n a t t a n g trfldng, ddng gdp eua lao ddng giam n h a n h va T F P khdng c6 tae d u n g Tinh h i n h dUdc cai t h i d n t i t hdn
t r o n g giai doan 2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 3 Ddng gdp cua vd'n da g i a m cdn 67%, T F P t a n g len dat hdn 27% nhflng ddng gdp eua lao ddng khdn^ dflde cai t h i d n vd cd gia t r i r a t thd'p, chi gdn 5,8% So s a n h vdi ca nfldc, theo Bao cdo Ndng sud't Viet N a m 2010, ddng gdp cua vd'n t r o n g t d n g trfldng ca nfldc tfl 2001 din
2010 k h d n g g i a m va cd gia t r i b i n h qufin 1^ 55,65%, ddng gdp c u a lao dpng cung on
Trang 3Binh gli thuc trang md hinh
dinh d mfle 25,2%, ddng gdp cua TFP t r o n g ca giai doan d mfle 19,15%
HINH 1 : D o n g g o p c u a c a c n h a n to' s a n x u a t v a o t a n g trflotag t i n h Q u a n g N a m
- G y -p.Gf
Ngudn: Tmh toan cua tac gia
Von quye't dinh t a n g trfldng kinh td' cua
tinh do tdc dp ddu tfl t a n g eao Xet ca giai
doan 1997-2013, toe dp t a n g trfldng GRDP
cua tinh binh quan la 10,6%/nam nhflng toe
dp tang von san xudt vd'n ludn eao hdn nhieu
va d mfle 20%/nam Lfldng von cua n i n kinh
t l (gia c l dinh 1994) n a m 2013 len hdn hdn
34 nghin ty d i n g , gdn 18 lan so vdi n a m 1997
va gdp 2,8 Idn GRDP Giai doan 2011-2013
vd'n san xuat chi t a n g hdn 12%/nam nhflng
tang trfldng vdn duy tri n e n ddng gdp cua
vln giam dan d i n 67% Td'ng vd'n ddu tU todn
xa hdi ed h i n h t h d n h tdi san theo gia thUe td'
tfl 1997 d i n 2013 la 92 nghin ty dong, t a n g
binh quan mdi n a m khoang 24% Ty le vd'n
ddu tfl t r e n GRDP giai doan 1997-2000 gdn
22%; giai doan 2001-2005 dat 35,6%; giai
doan 2006-2010 dat eao nha't, gan 44%; giai
doan 2011-2013 da giam dat 34,6%
Ty Id ddng gdp eua lao ddng vao t a n g
trfldng rdt t h d p va giam dan Nguyen n h a n
cua hien tfldng ndy la do ty phdn t h u nhdp
ciia lao ddng t h d p , td'c dp t a n g lao ddng va
giai q u y l t vide lam hdng n a m cdn cham Td'c
do tdng lao ddng 1dm viec trong nen kinh t l
binh quan h d n g ndm Id 1,9%/nam, giai doan
2011-2013 chi t a n g 1,7%/nam Td'c do nay
tha'p hdn n h i l u so vdi ca nfldc (2,7%/nam) Lao ddng lam viec trong khu vflc NLTS cdn qua eao vdi khoang 470 nghin ngfldi tUdng flng 54,8% tdng so' lao ddng Mdt die'm ddng luu y la nang sud't lao ddng khu vflc ngodi
n h a nfldc rdt t h a p dfldi mfle binh quan ea tinh, day cung la khu vUc chiem sd Ifldng Idn lao ddng lam viec trong khu vflc NLTS va cae doanh nghidp vfla va nhd Nang sudt lao dpng trong khu vfle NLTS nam 2013 chi dat 16,5 trieu ddng/ngfldi, khu vflc ngoai nhd nfldc dat 20,94 trieu/ngfldi, thdp hdn n h i l u so vdi mfle binh quan cua tinh 52,3 trieu ddng/ngfldi
Ty trong ddng gdp cua nang sua't cac nhdn td' tong hdp vao tang tnidng kinh t l Quang Nam tha'p va cham cai thien trong thdi gian qua do nhflng nguyen nhdn: (1) sfl lan at cua vd'n; (2) cd cau kinh te va ed ca'u lao ddng chuyen dich cham, so lao ddng lam viec trong
k h u vflc NLTS cdn eao; (3) ehdt Ifldng va nang suat lao ddng cdn thap; (4) nang lUc flng dung khoa hoc va cdng nghe vao san xuat, quan ly va doi mdi cdng nghe cua nen kinh t l cdn thd'p Td'c do doi mdi cdng nghe cdn chdm, cdng nghe hien dai chilm ty Id chfla eao Phdn Idn eac doanh nghiep nhd vdn
5 9
Trang 4Odnh gia thuc trang mo hinh
cdn sfl dung edng nghe, thiet hi cu hoac qua
t a i che, t h i l t hi da chflc n a n g phfl hdp vdi qui
md san xud't nhd; cdng nghidp c h i b i l n chu
y l u Id sd chi, gia cdng ldp rap vdn la ehu ye'u
K i t qua nghien cflu cung cho tha'y, k h u
vflc CN-XD va DV cd cha't Ifldng tdng trfldng
tdt nhd't, ddng gdp cua von giam, ddng gdp
cua T F P t a n g len (hdn 30%), ddng gdp cua
lao dpng vdn chfla eao do toe dp giai quyet
viec lam cua cac k h u vUc nay cdn chdm
2.3 Ddnh gid mo hinh tdng trudng
kinh te tinh Quang Nam dudi goc do
chi tieu
Tieu diing cuoi cung vdn la t r u cot ddng
gdp vdo t a n g trfldng Ty Id ddng gdp eua tieu
dung cud'i cflng t r u n g binh trong GRDP d
mfle 65,42% D a n g chu y la tieu dung cudi
cung hd gia dinh t r u n g binh trong ea giai
doan chi c h i l m 52,64% GRDP, thd'p hdn ca nfldc (65% GDP) Trong k h i do, tidu diing cudl cung cua Chinh p h u c h i l m 12,8% GRDP, cao hdn n h i l u so vdi t r u n g binh ca nudc chi k h o a n g 7% GDP
Ve cd cdu ddu t u t h i d a u tfl cua Nha midc
cd ddng gdp Idn va q u y l t dinh trong tang trfldng Tong v l n ddu tfl cua N h a nfldc trong
ca giai doan d a t k h o a n g 61 nghin ty ddng, chiem t y Id 68% td'ng d a u tfl Trong khi do
v l n ddu t u ngoai n h a nfldc cua doanh nghiep
va d a n cu chi dat k h o a n g 20 nghin ty ddng, chi c h i l m 22% td'ng ddu tfl Ddu tfl nfl6c ngoai d a t ra't tha'p, ehi hdn 9 nghin ty ddng, chid'm k h o a n g 10% tong d a u tfl
Didm d a n g chfl y vdi md h i n h t a n g triidng
d Q u a n g N a m la ngdn sach nhd nfldc trS
t h d n h dpng Iflc t a n g chinh eua t a n g trfldng
BANG 2 ; T y Id c h i c u a n g a n s a c h n h a nfldc s o v d i t o n g s a n p h a m (%)
1997-2000
2001-2005
2006-2010
2011-2013
Tdng (%) 24,99 34,79 42,13 42,14
Chiilaiitil(%) 13,57 22,46 29,89 25,90
Chi thirtmg xuy^n, h6 trgr (%) 11,42 12,33 12,24 16.24
Ngudn Tinh toan cua tac gia
Tdng chi ngan sach n h a nfldc t r e n dia b a n
tang n h a n h ea m a t gia tri va ty trpng N a m
1997 la 796 ty ddng, chie'm hdn 27% GRDP,
d i n n a m 2013 da t a n g len 21.543 ty ddng,
chilm tren 48% GRDP Chi tieu chinh phu
t a n g cao ca ve dau tfl h a t a n g kinh te, xa hdi;
ehi thfldng xuyen cho bd may h a n h chinh, cac
dich vu edng va ehi cac khoan dam bao xa
hdi, cae ehUdng t r i n h mue tieu qud'c gia, cac
chfldng trinh xda ddi giam ngheo khac
Ve xud't khau, nhd san xua't cdng nghiep
t a n g n h a n h nen kim ngach xuat k h a u cung
da tang nhanh, da dang san p h a m va thi
trfldng Td'c dp t a n g binh quan h a n g ndm la
27%/nam, ty trpng kim ngach xua't k h a u t r e n
GRDP tang tfl 7%/nam 1997 len gdn 28%
nam 2013 Tuy nhien, kim ngach xud't k h a u
binh q u a n d a u ngfldi qua thd'p, ndm 2013
-415USD/ngfldi, chi bdng VA binh quan ca nddc
(1.657USD/ngfldi) Ddng gdp cua xudt khdu vao san Ifldng cdn t h d p , mdi dat 28% GRDP, trong khi do ty le xuat khau/GDP cua ca nfldc la 88,5% H a n g hda chu y l u la may mac, gia cdng va lap rap San Ifldng hdng hda NLTS xudt k h a u cdn qua thd'p Ndm 2013, tong kim ngach xua't k h a u NLTS ehi dat 7%, rieng t h u y san dat 3,4% td'ng kim ngach xudt
k h a u , gdn 1% GRDP
2.4 Ddnh gid tdc dong cua mo hinh tdng trudng ddn xoa ddi gidm ngheo
Ve gidm ngheo, nhiing n a m qua Quang
Nam ciing da thUc hidn ddng thdi n h i l u chflih sach an sinh xa hdi, giam ngheo tfl ngan sach nhd nfldc va eac ngudn Iflc qudc t l khac 1 ^ H
60
Trang 5Binh gli thtfc trang mo hinh
ho nghdo tren dd giam ddn theo tieu chi tflng
giai doan: 1997-2000 giam moi ndm 1,8%; giai
doan 2001-2005 giam moi n a m 1,4%; giai doan
2006-2010 giam hdn 1,7%/nam; giai doan
2011-2013 giam mdi ndm khoang 2% hd nghdo
Tuy nhidn, dd dac dilm tfl nhien va ddn tdc,
80 dan song d m i i n nui Idn (khoang 300 nghin
ngfldi), vdi 9 huydn m i i n nfli, trong dd cd 3
huyen nghdo ndn ty Id hp ngheo va can ngheo
ciia Quang Nam cdn qua cao Theo s i heu eua
Uy ban n h a n d a n tinh Quang Nam, ty Id hd
ngheo ndm 2013 la 58.269 hd, chilm 14,91% s i
hd todn iinh va hdn 44.000 hd cdn ngheo,
chilm 11,27%, cao hdn ca nfldc va k h u trpng
dilm kinh t l m i i n trung Nhfl vdy, Quang
Nam cdn gdn 250.000 ngfldi ngheo vd hdn
170.000 ngfldi song d mfle can ngheo Ddy la
mot thach thfle Idn eho Quang Nam trong
tfldng iai
Nguydn nhdn chu y l u dUdc xae dinh la: (1)
dilm xud't phat n i n kinh t l thdp, phfldng thfle
san xua't cdn lac hau, trinh dp van hda va
chuyen mdn ky t h u a t thdp, kha nang ndm
thdng tin thi trfldng, iing dung t i l n bd khoa
hoc cdng nghd, thay dd'i gidng vat nudi, cay
trdng cd nang sudt chat lUdng eao cdn n h i l u
h ^ chi; (2) ddi ngu can bd trong he thd'ng
chinh tri cd sd cdn, mdt bd phan ngfldi dan cdn
trdng chd y lai, chfla cd y thfle phat trien kinh
t l de tfl vfldn len thoat ngheo; (3) khdng dam
bao k l hoach, ngan sach eua dia phfldng thap
ndn chfla dam bao nhu eau
3 K e t l u a n v a h a m y c h i n h s a c h
Md hinh tang trudng kinh t l tinh Quang
Nam trong giai doan 1997-2013 da cd nhiing
thanh cdng v l quy md, td'c dp tang trudng va
ndng cao mfle sd'ng ngfldi dan Tuy nhien, md
binh vdn hdnh chu y l u theo chilu rdng vd bde
Ip nhiing h^n e h i sau day: (1) tang trfldng phu
thude chu ye'u vao vd'n ddu tfl ma chu ye'u la
ddu tfl ciia Nhd nfldc, ddng gdp cua vd'n da Idn
at lao dpng vd ndng sud't cac nhdn td' td'ng hdp;
(2) ndng sud't, chd't Ifldng lao ddng qua thdp,
trong khi dd, thd't nghiep vd xua't cfl vdn cdn
cao, ddng gdp cua lao ddng vao tang trudng
khdng dang k l , day la mot diem y l u cua mdt
t m h cd ngudn lao ddng rdt ddi ddo; (3) ddng gdp cua nang sudt cae n h a n t i t o n g hdp chdm dflde cai thidn, cdng nghe san xudi chu yeu Id gia cong, ldp rap; (4) tich luy ndi bd cua n i n kuih
t l qua thdp, ddng luc tang trfldng v l gdc dp chi tidu chu y l u phu thude vao chi tieu va ddu tfl cua Chinh phu va ben ngoai; (5) he thong cd chi, chinh sach k h u y i n khich tang trfldng, nang Iflc canh tranh chfla cd bflde dot pha, nang Iflc canh tranh eua nen kinh t l va hang boa cdn ylu, cd gia tri gia tang th^p; (6) cac cbi
sd phat trien con ngUdi, mfle s i n g dan cfl, bao
ve mdi trfldng suih thai cdn d mfle thap, cd nguy cd tut h a u xa hdn vdi ca nfldc va khu vfle Nguydn nhdn chu y l u cua nhiing ban c h i tren la: (1) md hinh tdng trfldng kinh t l cua dia phudng la mdt bd phan, chiu tac ddng va phu thude vao md hinh tang trfldng cua ea nude dang van hdnh theo chilu rpng; (2) do xud't phdt diem eua n i n kinh t l qud thdp ndn budc phai cd tang trfldng nhanh, chu y l u chfl trpng quy md san xudt, giai quylt vide Idm, chfla chfl trpng eac y l u to' chieu sau; (3) dieu kidn tfl nhien va xa hdi cdn nhilu khd khdn cflng vdi dp Iflc canh tranh gifla cac dia phfldng trong khu vflc nen da ban e h i k i t qua thu but dau tfl, phat trien ngudn nhan lue; (4) v l chu quan, hd thd'ng chinh sdch, dieu hanh kinh t l dia phfldng chfla ed dot phd Idn; phdn bo ngudn Iflc dau tfl cdn dan trai Vi vay, chuyen doi md hinh tang trfldng tfl chilu rdng sang chieu sdu
la rdt cdn thie't
Trong qud trinh chuyen doi md hinh tang trfldng, Quang Nam ciing se phai tilp tuc phdn da'u de thoat khdi "vdng luan quan": thu nhdp tha'p, tich luy tha'p va ndng suat tha'p Ndi lUe nen kinh te' cdn ye'u nen tid'p tue phai phu thude vdo dau tfl cua Cbinh phii va ben ngoai Sflc ep phai giai quye't viec Idm moi nam gan 3% lao ddng tang len (tren 60 nghin) trong boi canh ap Ifle canh tranh ve thu hut ddu tfl cua cdc dia phfldng gay gdt hdn, dp Iflc phai tang trfldng nhanh trong diiu kien khan hiem ngudn Iflc de ddn dd'n nhflng quye't dinh cbinh sach ngdn ban lan at eac muc tieu dai ban Tfl thfle trang cua n i n kinh te' trong bdi canh
Trang 6Oanh gid thtfc trang mo hinh ,
chuyen doi md h i n h t a n g trfldng cua ca nfldc,
Quang N a m khong t h e c h u y i n d i i ngay md
h i n h t a n g trfldng sang c h i l u sau, m a p h a i
tiep tuc duy t r i t a n g t r u d n g theo chieu rdng
trong thdi gian trfldc mdt va t r u n g b a n (3-5
nam) K i t hdp gifla chieu rpng va c h i l u sdu
p h a i thfle hien "tflng bflde hdp ly" va cd t h e
se d i l n r a chdm hdn vdi ca nfldc vd q u a n triet
quan diem "vUa md rpng quy md vfla chfl
trpng n a n g cao chat Ifldng, hidu qua, t i n h
ben viing"
N ^ e n ciiu d l xudt mdt sd' k h u y i n nghi: (i)
tinh cdn cd nghi q u y l t chuydn d l v l dinh
hfldng phat tri^n kinh t l xa hdi va chuyen d i i
md hinh tdng trfldng kinh t l Xay dflng quy
hoach dinh hfldng phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi
phfl hdp vdi boi canh quoc t l , ca nfldc va thfle
t i l n cua dia phUdng CJhuyen d i i md hinh t a n g
trfldng la qua trinh lau dai vd khd k h a n nen
can phai thong nhat tfl duy, tdm nhin vd
phfldng phap t i l p can md hinh tdng trfldng
chilu sau, tranh tinh trang de cae muc tidu
ngdn h a n l l n dt cac muc tieu dai ban, phdn
t a n vd ddn trai trong dau t u cdc ngudn Iflc (ii)
to chflc thfle hidn ed hidu qua cac cd chi, cbinh
sach eua trung fldng ve chuyen doi md hinh
tang trfldng, tdi cd cd'u n i n kinh te' dia phUdng
phfl hdp vdi diiu kien thfle tien (iii) trien khai
xdy dflng de an hoac chfldng trinh tai cd cdu
n i n kinh t l va chuyen ddi md hinh t a n g trfldng
kinh te' cua tinh d cdp do tong the d i n cae
chUdng trinh, ke' hoach cho tiling k h u vflc,
nganh va linh vflc
Trong giai doan trfldc mat, nghien eflu d l
xuat mdt so'giai phap sau:
(1) Ndng cao hieu qud huy ddng vd suf dung
vd'n ddu tu
Cd giai phap dot pha trong viec cai thien
mdi trfldng va xflc tie'n ddu tfl de t h u h u t cac
ngudn vd'n ddu tu, trpng tdm la eac ngudn vdn
ngodi nha nfldc, FDI vd cac ngudn vd'n vien trd
phdt trien, cac ngudn lUc cac to chflc quoc te
Xac dinh dflde ngdnh, linh vfle, vflng cd tdng
trfldng cao, dp lan tda Idn de ddu tfl Vfla tap
trung thu hflt mdt so' dfl an Idn ed tinh dot pha
v l gia tri tong san pham, ddng thdi thu h u t cdc
nganh cd t h e giai q u y l t vide lam, phat tri^n ndng thdn
N a n g cao hieu qua p h a n h i , sit dung vcm
ddu tfl eua Nhd nfldc Ddu tfl cho quy hoach phdt trien, cd sd h a tdng giao thdng, h a tdng 1^ thudt, xa hoi t h i l t yeu tai cac do thi, cdc khu, cum c d i ^ nghiep, bao d a m cac dieu kien de thu hflt cac i ^ u e n v l n trong, ngoai nfldc vd phat
t r i l n ndng nghidp, ndng thdn Phai kidn quyet khdc phuc t i n h t r a n g ddu tfl dan trai vd tdng cfldng cong tac k i l m tra, giam sat quy trinh ddu tfl tfl k h a u quy hoach, r a q u y l t dinh, thdm dinh, phdn bo va chat lUdng dau tfl Xay dflng chinh sach va danh i^udn Iifc
n h i l u hdn de ho trd phat trien doanh nghidp viia
va nhd Nang cao hidu qua boat d d i ^ cua hd
t h d i ^ to' chflc trd giflp phat t r i l n doanh nghiep
(2) Ndng cao chat lUOng ngudn nhdn lUc
D a u t u md rdng san xudt, viia ehu trgng doanh nghiep cd quy md Idn, cdng nghe cao viia chfl trong cac doanh nghidp quy md vfla va nho
d l giai quyet viec lam, ehuyen dich lao ddng tti NLTS sang k h u vflc CN-XD va DV, cd nang sudt va t h u nhdp cao hdn tao thi trfldng lao ddng canh t r a n h hdn
To chflc phdi hdp hieu qua gifla cac cd quan quan ly, xuc tien ddu tfl, doanh nghidp vd cac ddn vi dao tad de nang eao ehdt Ifldng dao tao
va dao tao lao ddng phfl hdp vdi nhu cdu cua
n e n kinh t l Da dang hda hinh thfle, long ghep cac chfldng trinh quoc gia va dia phfldng ndn^ cao ehdt Ifldng ddo tao n g h i
U u tien t a p t r u n g eac nguon Ifle cho he thd'ng giao due pho thdng va day nghi Hd trd dao tao, bdi dfldng eho dpi ngu quan tri hd thd'ng doanh nghidp vfla va nhd
Tiep tue dao tao, boi dudng nang cao trach nhiem va nghidp vu cua dpi ngu can bp, cdr^ chflc n h a nfldc trong viec xdy dflng, t r i l n khai, thfle thi chinh sdch, thuc ddy tdng trfldng kinh te' song song vdi day m a n h cai each hdnh ehinh
va cai thien mdi trfldng ddu tfl Phdn loai, xdy dflng ndi dung, chfldng t r i n h boi dfldi^ ki6i thfle v l kinh te' thi trfldng, v l hoi nhap kinh te qudc t l theo chflc nang, nhiem vu ciia ti!mg lo^i can bd: lanh dao chien Ifldc, tfl vdn, xdy di?ng
Trang 7Binh gid thtfc trang md hinh ,
chinh sach, thtia h d n h d ca'p tinh, cdp huydn,
nhdt Id cfCp cd sd
(3) Ndng au) gid tri ddng gdp cua ndng suc^
cdc nhdn td'tdng hOp
Muon ndng cao ty phdn ddng gdp cua nang
s u i t cac nhdn to t o r ^ hdp phai thfle hidn tong
hdp cdc giai phap: nang cao nang Iflc t l chflc,
quan tri; ttng dung cac t i l n bd khoa hpc va
cdng nghe; ehdt lUdng lao dpng; chuyen dich ed
cdu ddu tfl, cd cdu lao ddng sang cac k h u vflc cd
hieu qua cao hdn; md rpng phat t r i l n thi
trfldng de nang san Ifldng khoa hpc va edng
nghd Id nhdn t l quan trpng ndng cao ehdt
lUdng t a i ^ trudng va ehuyen tfl tang trfldng
kinh t l theo chieu rpng sang chieu sau V I gdc
dp ehinh sach, cdn t a p t r u n g cac giai phap sau:
Cdn xay dflng k l hoach, chfldng trinh khoa
hpc va cdng nghd gdn vdi tdi cd cdu n i n kinh
t l cho tijfng nganh, tiing linh vUe theo hfldng
nang cao nang sudt va hieu qua; ddng thdi
ndng cao nhdn thfle v l vai trd cua khoa hpc vd
cdng nghe trong tdng trfldng Cd chfldng trinh,
bflde di cu the hdn va danh ngudn Iflc nhieu
hdn cho vide nghien cflu, trien khai flng dung
khoa hpc vd cdng nghd trong cac ngdnh, linh
vd doanh nghidp;
Tap trung xay dflng to chflc va dpi ngu quan
IJ nha nfldc v l khoa hpc va edng nghd, cd kha
ndng xdy dflng chinh sdch, to chflc trien khai
vd ddnh gia k i t qua chinh sach; thid't Idp cd sd
dfl Ueu vd to chflc td't hd thd'ng thdng tin, flng
dung khoa hpc va edng nghe hd trd san xud't va
doanh nghidp;
Phdt huy Idi t h i ben canh cdc t n m g tdm
nghien ciiu Idn b m i i n trung Cd ehinh sdch
huy ddng sfl ddng gdp cua dpi ngu chuyen gia,
nha khoa hpc trong va ngoai nfldc de nghien
cflu chie'n Iflde, dfl bao, ddo tao, bdi dfldng
ngudn n h a n Iflc sat vdi nhu cdu eua n i n kinh
tl; tfl vd'n, phan bien, ddng gdp cho sfl phat
triln cua tinh
(4) Ndng cao hieu qud chiAfng trinh gidm
ngheo ben vUng
Trfldc bet cdn thong nhd't nhdn thfle ve
quan tJiem giam ngheo ben viing, thodt ngheo
phai tfl lao dpng san xud't eua chinh ngfldi dan
Cac chfnh sdch ho tn? la tao diiu kien phfldng
phap va hidu qua san xudt Giam nghdo phai
di ddi vdi tdn trpng, bao tdn van hda dan tdc, mdi trfldng Thfle bien tot cdng tae tuyen truyen, nang cao nhdn thfle, trach nhiem cua cpng ddng, cua he thdng chinh tri cae cap ve giam i ^ e o b i n viii^ Khde phuc tdm ly y lai cua ngfldi dan va cbinh quyen cd sd Thong nhdt ve to chflc dieu phm ebimg cac chfldng trinh giam ngheo Thfle hien Icng ghep gifla chfldng trinh giam ngheo vdi cac chfldng trinh kinh t l - xa hdi khac; cd trpng dilm, khdng nhat t h i l t phai binh quan ta't ca cac dia ban, tdt ca cae dm tUdng, tranh chdng cheo, ddn trai Thfle hien hieu qua cdc ngudn lUe tfl chfldng trinh mue tieu quoc gia
Thay ddi quy trinh xdy diing, td chflc thfle hien chinh sach Tang cfldng phan cdp, cdng khai ddng thdi vdi kiem tra, giam sat Mud'n phan cdp hieu qua phai ddo tao dUdc ddi ngu can bd cd sd ed nang Iflc, vdi mdt quy trinh cii the, xuyen sud't, phu hdp vdi trinh dp cdn bd cd
sd vd ngfldi ddn./
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
1 Ban Dan tdc tinh Quang Nam (2013), Bdo cdo ket
qud thuc hien cdc chuong irinh chinh sdch vung ddn tdc vd mien nui trong niia nhiem k)>, Tam Ky
2 Cue Thdng ke Quang Nam (2012) Kinh te- xa hdi
Qudng Nam 15 ndm (1997-2011)
3 Dang COng san Viet Nam (2011), Vdn kien Hdi nghi
lan thii III Ban Chap hdnh trung uong khda XI, Nxb Chinh
tri qudc gia, Ha N6i
4 Mankiw (1997), Kinh te vT md Nxb Thdng kfi ,
HN 1997
5 Le Thanh Nghiep (2006), Qud trinh phdt trien kinh
teViet Nam, Nxb Khoa hpc va ky thuSt, Ha Ndi
6 Tinh iiy Quang Nam (2013) Kit luan sd
110-KUTU, Vi mot so nhiem vu, gidi phdp tiip tuc thuc hien 3 nhiem vu dot phd theo Nghi quyet Dqi hdi Ddng bo tinh lan thi'fXX
1 Trung tam Nang suat Viet Nam (2011), Bdo cdo Ndng sudt Viet Nam 2010, Ha NOi
8 Nguydn Ke Tu3h (chu bi^n) (2011), Kmh te Viet
Nam ndm 2010 - nhin tgi md hinh tdng trudng giai doan
2001 - 2010 Nxb Dai hpc Kinh l6qu6c dan
9 Uy ban nhan dan linh Quang Nam (2012) Bdo cdo
tinh hinh phdt trien cong nghiep giai doan 2006-2011 dinh Huang vd gidi phdp phdt triin cdng nghiep giai doan
2072-20/5 Tam Ky
6 3