A comparative study of moral uplifting society between singapore malaysia and hong kong macao (changes in ethnic chinese society)

I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of Chinese Studies who have instructed and helped me a great deal in the past two years.. Chen Jingxi, Stella

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

My deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor Su Jui-lung, my supervisor,

for his great tolerance, constant encouragement and much guidance He has walked

me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis Without his consistent and

illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form I am also

greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of Chinese Studies

who have instructed and helped me a great deal in the past two years

Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Mr Chen Jingxi, Stella Fan,

and all the people from the Moral Uplifting Society who offered great help during my

fieldwork for this thesis

Finally, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and

great confidence in me all through these years I also owe my sincere gratitude to my

friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me

and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis

Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i

目录 iii

ABSTRACT v

统计表一览 vii

插图一览 viii

引言 1

第一章 文献回顾 1

第二章 德教的嬗变：历史沿革 6

第一节 草创 6

第二节 南传 11

第三节 教义及信仰 14

第四节 主神 24

第五节 崇拜仪式及活动 27

第六节 德教的飞鸾扶乩 28

第七节 组织管理机构、传播特色以及加入方式 31

第八节 当今德教的宗教性 34

第三章 德教的嬗变：地域差异 47

第一节 主神信仰 47

第二节 宣传手段 55

第三节 在当地的合法性 61

第四节 乩务 62

第五节 与其他地区的交流活动 65

第六节 与其他宗教团体之关系 66

第七节 德教何去何从 68

第四章 促成德教嬗变之原因 71

第一节 政治 71

第二节 信仰习惯 74

第三节 经济 79

第四节 历史 81

第五节 语言文字的习惯 85

第五章 阻碍德教发展的因素 90

第一节 菲律宾： 90

第二节 印度尼西亚： 92

第三节 越南、柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸四国： 93

第四节 台湾： 96

第六章 结语 100

附录：德教会全球联系资料 105

参考书目 122

ABSTRACT This thesis is inspired by the importance of folk religious faith among the contemporary ethnic Chinese, especially the ones which are not considered as orthodox religions but widely spread outside the mainland of China As one of the most popular folk religions among ethnic Chinese overseas, the Moral Uplifting Society had been such a super star which deserves more attention not only from the public but also the academic community Very few scholarly works have been done on this subject; hence this study attempts to trace the development of the Moral Uplifting Society, examine the differences of their present patterns between Singapore-Malaysia and Hong Kong-Macao, and analyze how these differences were formed The contribution of this thesis is not only to give a

comprehensive introduction of the Moral Uplifting Society, but also try to demonstrate the historical and cultural reason for its popularity This study aims to be the basic and

groping research of the Moral Uplifting Society, with an international contradistinctive perspective

Materials for this study were obtained both from historical documents and oral interviews

of my fieldwork Chronological and logical approaches were adopted in order to capture the development and intrinsic connection accurately

The results show that the popularity of the Moral Uplifting Society is not a chance

occurrence, but follows the Chinese religious customs and cultural tradition The

discussion about its religious specialty and its dilemma to become a religious group or a charity organization are being focused in the following years

Most importantly, the study confirms that the rapid grow of folk region such as the Moral Uplifting Society is a way through which ethnic Chinese are able to recall their tradition and culture And by the rituals they practice their own culture can be preserved in a multi-cultural and multi-races environment This is the secret how these folk regions are able to occupy their own land regardless in China or Southeast Asia

插图三：新加坡德教会紫经阁

插图四：马来西亚德教会紫銮阁

插图五：香港德教会紫和阁

插图六：香港德教会紫靖阁

插图七：澳门德教会济修阁

出 版 社 ， 1 9 9 7 年 ） 。