Solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in yen bai province during 2012 2020

To achieve the goal of sustainable development, Vietnam needs to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use, thereby increase income for local people, improve landscaping, protect e

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

–––––––––––––––

BUI NU HOANG ANH

SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

IN YEN BAI PROVINCE DURING 2012 - 2020

Speciality: Agricultural Economics

Code: 62 62 01 15

Ph.D THESIS SUMMARY OF AGRICULTURE

THAI NGUYEN, 2013

The study was done at:

COLLEGE OF ECONOMICS & BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

Scientific supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Tran Chi Thien

The peer review 1:

The peer review 2:

The peer review 3:

The thesis is prevented to the Council held in Thai Nguyen

University at the …, … ,2013

Desertation can be found at:

- National Library

- Learning Resource Center, Thai Nguyen University

- Library of College of Economics & Business Administration

LIST OF AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED STUDY

1 Bui Nu Hoang Anh, "Land - a resource, an asset to be protected

and effective use", Journal of Science - Technology, Thai Nguyen University, Volume 60, Number 12/1 2009, tr 114-118

2 Bui Nu Hoang Anh, "The economic situation - Yen Bai province's

social and solutions for sustainable growth", Journal of Development Economics, National Economics University, No

162 of 2010, Tr 100-108

3 Bui Nu Hoang Anh, "Economic efficiency of some agricultural

land use types in Yen Bai province" Journal of Economics & Business Administration, Number 1, May 3/2011, p 72-78

INTRODUCTION

1 Justification

How to use agricultural land to ensure food security and sustainable development in the climate change along with the pressure of population growth, the process of industrialization and modernization is becoming a matter of urgent problems in developing countries

Vietnam so far is basically an agricultural country Agriculture, rural, farmers in Vietnam have been and will be an important position in the economy of the country From an agricultural economy focused heavily subsidized switch to market economy, our country is facing a series of economic, social and environmental problems To achieve the goal of sustainable development, Vietnam needs to improve the efficiency of agricultural land use, thereby increase income for local people, improve landscaping, protect environment and ecology

Pressure of the urbanization process and population growth make our country farmland decline rapidly in both quantity and quality People have been exploited without any reasonable measures to protect this precious resource In this context, the effects of climate change and sea level rise scenario makes arable land in the coastal plain region increasingly narrow, the potential for soil research, learn some types of agricultural land use, assessing the appropriateness of the type of land use that as a basis to propose solutions appropriate land use, effective in mountainous areas is the problem and strategic and urgent local and national targets to ensure food security, sustainable development

Yen Bai is a mountainous province of northern Vietnam Land of Yen Bai is very diversity, agricultural land accounts for nearly 80% of the total land area, but most of the area is steep Despite the relatively large area but complex terrain, mostly hilly, educational level is not high, the exploitation

of land resources in general and in particular agricultural land for production

is limited Production underdevelopment, economic efficiency is not high, while main source of income of the people here depend on agriculture So people's lives in the province is difficult, strenuous By 2012, income per

capita of only 16.6 million, only 53.9% of the average income of the country Want to improve the living standards of the people, need to implement multiple synchronization solutions, which improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use

To ensure food security, poverty reduction and sustainable development in such a sloping mountainous province of Yen Bai, there is a need for research on agricultural land From that fact, to assess the economic efficiency of agricultural land use and to propose solutions to improve the

efficiency of this land type, "Solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai province during 2012 - 2020" has been

chosen to study

2 Objectives

- To systematise theoretical and factual basis of improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use;

- To analyse the economic efficiency of different agricultural land use types;

- To analyse the factors affecting the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai;

- To propose some solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in Yen Bai province

3 Study Object and scope

Study site: Yen Bai province

Field survey were conducted in 3 districts characterized by three regions: The low region: Yen Binh district; The middle region: Van Chan district;

The upland region: Mu Cang Chai district

3.2.2 Time range

- Secondary data: collected during the period 2000 - 2011;

- Primary data: Surveys were conducted in the period 2008 - 2011;

- The solution was studied and proposed up to 2020

3 What solution should be implemented to improve the economic efficiency

of agricultural land use in Yen Bai in the future?

5 The new scientific findings

1 A perspective on adherence efficiency of agricultural land use with food security issues and sustainable development in the context of climate change has been further confirmed New perspective on the role of agriculture in the uplands in ensuring food security, land degradation, water maintenance, climate regulation and mitigation has been strengthened

2 A concept of "economic efficiency in the agricultural land use"

was formulated and used to cater for this study

3 The dissertation is the first study on economic efficiency in the agricultural land use in mountainous Yen Bai Province have a combination

of traditional research methods with modern research methods, qualitative with the quantitative approach

4 The cause of agricultural land use situation has been argued, a fixed-effects model (FEM) has been built to analyze the factors affecting the economic efficiency of agricultural land use and system of the comprehensive solutions to improve the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in a mountainous province in the context of agriculture is facing many challenges have been proposed

Chapter 1 SCIENTIFIC BASIS

In this chapter, the thesis codified and clarified the theoretical issues of agricultural land (concept, agricultural land classification, role and economic characteristics of agricultural land, and the point of use type of agricultural land use), the effectiveness, economic efficiency and economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land to the concept, content, nature, methods of identification, the influencing factors and evaluation criteria of economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land In practical basis, the authors present the results of research on effective use of agricultural land in the world and in Vietnam In Vietnam, the authors analyze and clarify the status of land use efficiency is not high agriculture through specific aspects such as agricultural land, loss of agricultural land, the status efficiency agricultural land before the great challenges of food security, the impact of land policy on the efficiency of agricultural land use

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Situation assessment studies and economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land in the world and in Vietnam has also been mentioned, and

lessons has been summarized Comments drawn from theoretical studies and practical economic effects of agricultural land use:

- Land resources in general, in particular agricultural land is limited and the situation has been shrinking in size, has been declining in quality due to the effects of both natural and human The pressures of population growth, increased demand for agricultural products along with the process

of urbanization, industrialization and the land is very large To ensure food security, food and sustainable development to improve economic efficiency

in the use of agricultural land

- The method to study the effect of agricultural land use is diverse, can apply different approaches in the different study areas

- To propose solutions to improve economic efficiency in the use of agricultural land, the study pointed out many factors that affect the effective use

of resources, including subjective factors and objective, both natural and social factors that impact both positive and negative

- Economic efficiency in agricultural land use in each country is different, but the search for solutions to improve economic efficiency in the use

of this resource is essential for all countries, especially that developing countries such as Vietnam

Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Study site choosing: 3 areas (lowland and upland areas between) with

3 representatives represent districts based on altitude above sea level (Yen Binh, Van Chan, Mu Cang Chai) have been chosen Each district selected three society, in every society selected 3 villages/hamlets in each village/hamlet 12 households selected for the survey After synthesis and processing of data, 270 households to ensure information reliability is used

in the study

3.2 Information collection: The secondary data for this study were

collected from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Research Institute, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Agricultural

Extension Center, GSO, seminars and abroad, the research was published

The primary information collected through household interviews surveys, focus group discussions, consultations of experts The primary information

to be investigated in 4 years (2008-2011)

3.3 Methods of information synthesizing and analysis: The information

collected is synthesized by the method of distribution, statistical tables and graphs After synthesis, the information is analyzed by a combination of traditional research methods with modern methods, qualitative methods with quantitative That's the method: the sequence of time; extended intervals; SWOT analysis; method "problem tree"; analysis of project cash flow and forecasting methods Categories and methods of data analysis mixture (data table) is used to analyze the factors affecting the economic efficiency of agricultural land use in the province of Yen Bai

3.4 Participatory approach: This approach to PRA tools were used during

the study We made 6 groups with 60 participants respectively in the selected communes to collect survey information on the status of agricultural land use and the preferred solution to improve the economic

efficiency of agricultural land use mainly

3.5 The system of research targets and criterias: research indicator

system consists of 4 groups: Group targets reflect on the process of agricultural production; indicators reflect the economic results of agricultural land use; Group only This reflects the economic efficiency of agricultural land use; indicators reflect the financial performance of perennial LUT (production cycle)

Chapter 4 FINDINGS 4.1 Overview of Yen Bai province

4.1.1 Natural Conditions

Mountainous province of Yen Bai is located inland, is one of 13 provinces in the northern mountainous region with steep terrain and most complex divided our country Average slope 25-300, where the slope is more than 450 The climate is sub-tropical monsoon climate zone 5, the

average temperature is 22 - 230C, rainfall 1500-2200 mm / year average humidity 83-87%, facilitating the development of agriculture - forestry

4.1.2 Social-Economic characteristics

There have been 9 administrative units with a total of 180 communes, wards and townships including 70 upland and 62 communes with special difficulties are invested in programs of economic development - social state, have 2 highland district Tram Tau Mu Cang Chai (H'mong minority accounts for over 80%) in 61 poor districts, particularly the country's difficulties Provincial population in 2010 was people, over 50% are ethnic minorities Outdated infrastructure, especially infrastructure for production and rural infrastructure Agricultural production is underdeveloped economic structure slowly shifting Quality of life is low,

large wealth disparity between the low and high areas

Province's biggest advantage is the sparse population density, land mass, abundant flora and fauna, capable of sustainable agricultural development The major difficulty is the province's complex terrain, poor transportation, low literacy levels, extreme weather, natural disasters occur often seriously affected agricultural production and reduce economic efficiency health in agricultural land use

4.2 Status of agricultural land use

4.2.1 Overview of agricultural land in Yen Bai province: In 2010, the total

land area of the province is 689,949.05 hectares, of which agricultural land accounts for 79.59% Compared with 2006, agricultural land increased by 26479.59 ha, structural increase 3.71%, but private land 1665.48 hectares

agricultural production declined during this period

4.2.2 Characteristics of agricultural land in the province: Agricultural land

in three study areas with steep slopes, steep slopes under 150 (grade I and grade II) is favorable for agricultural production accounts for the low rate (3%

- 20%), slope above 150 is not favorable for agricultural production accounts for a high rate (30% - 48%) Agricultural land of the study area fluctuated with time and fluctuations of the agricultural soils in different regions are not the same

4.2.3 The fluctuation of agricultural land

4.2.3.1 Agricultural land: In 2010, agricultural production land area of 397.11

hectares, but the low rise structure fell 11.39 ha compared to 2000 In the middle, down 733.71 hectares of this land, the structure fell 2.85% In the highlands, in 2010 agricultural production increased land 3253.39 hectares, but the structure is still down 8.2% compared to 2000 3 shows the comparison, the low-rise area of agricultural production, but at least the structure fell the most, in the most high-rise area, in the middle of the area, but increased more restructuring decreased less than lowlands

4.2.3.2 Forest land: 2010, lowland forest land of 24160.93 ha up, the

structure rose 11.68% compared to 2000 In the middle, in 2010 increased forest land 9866.66 hectares, 3.13% structural increase over 2005 In the highlands, in 2010 compared to 2000, the area of forest land that rose 51028.97 hectares, up 8.2% on the structure, but if we only consider the period from 2005 to 2010, the area saw 2010 region's forest land 518.92 ha, down 2.63% on the structure 3 Comparing the period 2000-2010 shows, upland forest land increased in most of the area, but the increase at least restructuring, while the forest land in the most low-rise structure but at least the area has increased

4.2.3.3 Aquaculture Land (Aquaculture): On the lowlands, comparing

2010 with 2000 shows: 74.78 ha land aquaculture increased in size, the structure fell 0.28% In the middle, also during this period, increasing aquaculture area 195.91 hectares, up 0.23% of the structure, and upland soils increased only 3.95 ha, the structure rose 0.004% Thus, in the three regions, the area between aquaculture is the fastest growing area, the lower is the strongest areas of aquaculture in the province, but has the advantage of wide Thac Ba reservoir thousands of hectares, so the further expansion of area were not interested in investing in depth to improve productivity, quality seafood Upland area and the structure will increase at least as natural conditions in this area is not suitable for the development of aquaculture

4.2.3.4 Other agriculture land: This land kind is very little variation in

all 3 regions In the period 2005 - 2010, lowland area increased only 0.24 hectares, up 0.0004% of the structure In mountainous area fell 0.5 hectares

agricultural land other, the structure fell 0.001% In the middle of the area and the soil structure is not changed

4.2.4 The major plants and aquatic

Ther have five major crop groups: Group crops, groups of crops, groups

of crops, fruit group; forest trees The plant is distributed over the different seasons of the year Basically, the seasonality of major crops in the same area, only rice and some fruits such as longan, litchi, orange, mango, grapefruit upland differences with the remaining 2 due weather conditions, climate and farming practices in a number of localities in the region

4.2.4.1 Area, yield and production

Although the growing season is quite the same, but due to the area and productivity of crops in regions that do not yield the same result in the study area are also differences

- In low areas: Research shows that productivity of major crops is

relatively stable and tends to increase over the years The output of all crops increased in the period 2000 - 2010, most growth is available, then the corn, fruit, tea and rice Production increased due to the increase of both area and yield, but mainly due to the expansion of the area The area of the plant that has been extended to higher productivity is a confirmed fact initially agricultural land has gradually been used more effectively The region has Thac Ba lake with dozens fish species, catches annual average of about 2,000 tons Aquaculture area tends to expand more and more, but performance tends to decrease over time due to artisanal mining with explosives and electrical impulses Water pollution from cassava processing factories in the region have reduced breeding productivity However, production has increased due to the increase of the area is more than enough

to compensate for the decline of productivity

- In the middle: After 10 years, the structure of plant area has been a big

change In 2010, the largest area of tea, then the rice, then the corn Tea is plant growth in the area of fastest growth rate of productivity of the forest trees have the fastest growth rate in 10 years time, then to aquaculture and to

corn In fact, it shows the type of use of agricultural land has been under intensive investment

Along the same crops, but yields between different regions in lowland productivity The most obvious difference is in the forest during the period 2008-2010 Yield Forestry and 8 years in the age between about 1.8 times higher than the yield of the same type forest in the lowlands However, in aquaculture, by contrast, aquaculture production in lowland areas is higher than in between 1.7 to 2.3 times This somewhat gradually reveals the advantages of each region

- In the highlands: In the period 2000 - 2010, rice production increased

the most, followed by maize, tea and preliminary investigation Rice production increased due to an increase in both area and yield, but yield increases more Unlike rice, maize yields increased quite a lot compared to other crops and also due to the increase of both area and yield, but the increase due to greater expansion area Similar to corn, medlar production increased significantly during this period mainly due to area expansion (4.17 times) Forestry production increased in 10 years by both area expansion and productivity enhancing investments The forest is mainly people in the area is planted pine needles and medlar Unlike forest trees of the middle and lower areas, two crops after 8 years to bring productivity and high income for growers (with prices 6.000VND/kg result, each original 8 year old medlar for about 600.000VND income) Aquaculture productivity in this region is lower than the middle and lower regions, but the output is still increasing due to the growing area of expansion Although it has been extended, but the aquaculture area of this region is only 1/67 the area of aquaculture and the area between 1/98 the lowland area In fact, it has once again confirmed the strength and forestry planting restrictions in aquaculture upland

4.2.4.2 The type of agricultural land used primarily

With more than 30 plants and a variety of seafood and seasonal distribution combinations, arranged in the form of agricultural land use In the study area, the main types are: rice cultivation, rice cultivation combined with dry plants, specialized crop, fruit trees, tea plantations, forest planting