Thiết kế bài giảng hoá học nâng cao lớp 11 tập 2

Thiết kế bài giảng hoá học nâng cao lớp 11 tập 2 tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớn về...

TS CAO CL/ GIAC (Chu bien)

ThS HO XUAN THUt -ThS CAO THI VAN GIANG

THIET KE BAI GIANG

H O A H O C 1 1

NANG CAO TAP HAI

ChiAiNq VI

HKmOCACBON KHONG NO

DANH PHAP, CAU TRUG, DONG PHAN

A MUC TIEU BAI HOC

1 Kien thCJfc

HSbiet:

• Khai niem, cong thiic chung cua day doiig dang anken, biit phSn loai va goi ten mot so anken defn gian

• ca'u true electron va ca'u triic khdng gian eiia anken

• ^ Viet dong phan ca'u tao va dong phan hinh hgc ciia anken /

HS hieu:

• Vi sao ankeri co nhieu dong phan han ankan tucng iing

• Nguyen^ nhan mot sd anken co dong phari hinh hoc la do su phan bo' cac

nhom the cf cac vi tri khac nhau ddi v6i mat phang ehiia lien ket n

• GV: - May tinh, may chie'u, cac phie'u hoc tap

- Mo hinh phan til etilen, dong phan cis-trans ciia but-2-en

• HS: On tap kie'n thiic bai ankan va xem tru6c bai anken

C TIEN TRINH DAY- HOC

Hoat dong cua GV Hoat dong cua HS

I- DONG DANG VA DANH P H A P

Hogt dpng 1

1 Day dong ddng vd ten thong thudng cua anken

GV chie'u mo hmh phan tit cua etilen

len man hinh cho HS quan sat:

a) b)

yeu c5u HS thao luan vi cac va'n de sau:

- Vie't CTCT cac cha't tie'p theo la dong

dang cua C2H4

- Lap cdng thiic chung day ddng dang

cua etilen

- Phan tich ca'u tao cua etilen tii do neu

dinh nghia day dong dang cua etilen

GV yeu ciu HS neu each ggi ten thong

thucfng cua cac ankan sau?

CH3-CH2-CH3, CH3- CH2-CH2-CH3,

CH3—CH—CH3,

CH3

GV bo sung:

- Ten thong thu5ng ciia mdt sd anken

don gian la'y tii ten ankan tuong iing

nhung doi dudi an thanh dudi Hen

HS quan sat va thao luan

- Cdng thiic phan tit ciia mot sd ddng dang cua etilen: C3H6, C4H8, C5H10

- Tii C2H4 theo khai niem ddng dang QH4(CHA ^ Q k H 4 k dat2+k = n

t h i - > C„H,„ ( n > 2 )

- Etilen cau tao cd jndt lien ke't doi' (gdm mdt lien ke't CT ben vfing va mdt lien ke't 71 kem ben), vay:

Anken Id hidrocacbon khong no mach

hd trong phdn tit co mot lien kit dqi

HS ggi ten

CHi—CHo—CH-i propan CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 butan CH3—CH—CH3 isobutan

CH,

- c i n them vi trf cua lien ke't d6i 6

trudc ten ggi

- Vi trf lien ke't ddi tren nguyen tii cacbon

thii 1,2, tuong iing ggi la a, p

GV yeu ciu HS ggi ten thdng thucmg

cac anken CO cdng thiic sau:

CH,

propilen a-butilen P-butilen isobutilen

Hoqt dong 2

2 Ten thay the

GV chie'u len man hinh ten ggi cua mdt

sd anken don gian

Yeu cau HS nhan xet rut ra quy luat ggi

ten cac anken theo ten thay the'

GV hudng din HS chgn mach chinh,

each danh sd rnach C

HS quan sat va thao luan

Quy luat ggi ten:

Sd chi vi tri nhanh

- ten nhanh

Ten chinh

mach

sd chi vi tri nguyen tit C diu tien chiia lien k^t ddi - en

GV yeu ciu HS ggi ten cac anken sau

theo ten thay the:

GV yeu ciu HS thao luan cac vah de sau:

- Trang thai lai hoa cua nguyen t i C

- Cau tao cua lien ket ddi

- Vi trf tuofng ddi cua cac nguydn tit

Goc lien ket HCC,HCH

HS quan sat

HS thao luln va tra Idi:

- Nguyen t& cacbon ndi doi b trang

thai lai hda sp^ (lai hoa tam giac)

- Lien ke't doi gdm 1 lidn ket CT (ben viing) va 1 lien ke't 71 (kem ben)

- Hai nguyen tit C va bdn nguyen tit H deu nam tren cjing rhgt mat phang

- Gdc lien ke't HCH va HCC gin bang nhau va bang 120°

- Kha nang quay cua cac nguyen tur

quanh true lien ke't d6i

- Hai nguyen tix C khong the quay tu

do quanh true lien ke't C=C (do can trd bdi lien ket TI)

GV yeu cau HS:

- Neu khai nidm ddng phan

- Dua theo cdng thiic cau tao thi anken

dugc chia thanh nhung loai ddng phan

nao? '

- Viet cac ddng phan ca'u tao va ggi ten

anken cd cong thiic phan tir CsH^

Hoqt dqng 4

2 Dong phdn >

a) Dong phdn cdu tao

HS thao luan va tra Idi:

- Ddng phan la nhihig hgp chit khac nhau nhung cd ciing cong thiic phin tit

- Dua theo cdng thiic ciu tao dugc phan lam 2 nhdm:

- Ddng phan mach C

- Ddng phan vi trf lien ket doi

HS viet ddng phan cua CjHigVa ggi ten: CH2^CH-CH2-CH2-CH3 pent-l-en' CH3-CH =CH-CH2-CH3 pent-2-en CH2=CH-CH-CH3 3-metylbut-l-en

CH3 CH3 -CH2-(p=CH2 2-metylbut-l-en

CH3 CH3 -CH =(p-CH3 2-metylbut-2-en

CH,

h) Dong phdn hinh hgc

GV chie'u md hinh phan tii dpng phan

cis ^trans cua but-2-en len than hinh

GV neu vlti de: nhu vly but-2-en cd ddng

phan cis va ddng phan trans vay di^u kien

nao de cd ddng phan cis-trans?

GV hudfng din, dieu khien HS giai

quye't van de

Ca'u tnic ciia lien ket ddi C=C

- Ca'u triic khong gian cua lien ket doi

C=C, su phan bd cua cac lien ke't don

quanh C cd ndi doi

Yeu ciu HS riit ra dieu kien de cd ddng

phan cis-trans va khai niem ve ddng

phan hinh hgc (cis- trans)

Viet ddng phan hinh hgc ciia pent-2-en

HS tham gia giai quyd't vlh de:

- Lien ke't ddi gdm 1 lien ke't a va 1 lien ke't 7t

- Cac nguyen txx xung quanh lien ket

ddi C=C nam trdn mdt mat phang nen khdng the quay dugc quanh true lien ke't

- Cd th^ neu so dd sau de giai thfch

+ Dong phdn cis: khi mach chfnh nim

ciing mot phfa ciia lien ket C= C

+ Dong phdn trans: Khi mach chinh

nam 6 phfa khac nhau cua lien ket C= C

HS vidt ddng phan hinh hgc pent-2-en

1 Cung co' bai:

GV khac sau mot sd kien thiic cho HS ve:

- Cong thiic chung cua anken

- Cau tao ciia lien^ke't doi

- Quy tac ggi ten anken

- Cac loai ddng phan cua anken

GV chie'u mot so bai tap sau len man hinh cho HS thao luln:

1 Ggi ten anken sau:

CJH3 CH,— C — CH^-C = CH—CH,

3 Trong phan tii cac anken, theo chieu tang so nguyen tit cacbon, phin tram

khdi lugng ciia cacbon:

A Tang din B Giam dan

C Khong ddi D Bie'n ddi khong theo quy lull

Ddp dn C

2 Bai tap ve nha 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (SGK)

D HUdNG DAN GIAI BAI TAP SGK

1- a)S; b ) S ; c) D;

2 Cong thiic phin tii C„H2„ (n > 2)

Cong thiic cau tao chung: R'R^C=CR^R\

Diing bang sau de so sanh:

d ) D

Thanh phin

Cau tao

Ankan Chiia C va H

- Mach hd

- Trong phan tit chi cd, lien ket don

Anken Chiia C va H

- Mach hd

— Trong phan tix cd

mdt lidn ket d6i C=C

Xicloankan Chiia C va H

- Mach vdng

- Trong phan tur chi cd lien ket don

3 a) CH3 -CH2-CH=CH-CH3

b) CH3 - C H 2 - P C H 2

CH3 c) CH3 -CH2-CH=C-CH3

CH3 d) CH2=([:-CH3

CH3

e) CH3 -CH2-CH2-p=CH-CH3

CH3 g) c H 3 - p ( ; : - C H 3

CH,

5 a) But-2-en cd ddng phan hinh hgc cis va trans con but-1-en thi khSng cd, do

ciu tap cua but-2-en thoa man hai dieu kien:

- Cd chiia lidn ket doi C=C

- Mdi nguyen tit C rnang lien ke't ddi dfnh vdi hai nhdm nguydn tur khac nhau

b) 6 penten ddng phan lai:

A: CH3-CHi-CH=CH-CH3 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH=CH3

pent-2-en pent-l-en B: CH3 -CH2-(^=CH2 CH3 -(f:H-CH=CH2 CH3-(j:=CH-CH3

CH3 CH3 CH3 2-metylbut-l-en 3-metylbut-l-en 2-metylbut-2-en

C:

H3C^ /C2H, H3C^ / H

H ^ , H H^ ^C2H3

cz5-pent-2-en fra«5-pent-2-en

Cac chat d day A (mach khong nhanh) va day B (mach cd nhanh) la ddng

phan mach C ciia nhau Hai chat trong day A cung nhu trong day B la ddrig

phan vi tri nhdm chiic Hai chat trong day C la ddng phan hinh hgc

BAI 40 ANKEN

TINH CHAT, DIEU CHE VA LfNG DUNG

A MUC TIEU BAI HOC

1 Kien thCfc

HS bie't:

• Quy luat bien ddi nhiet do ndng chay, nhiet do sdi ciia anken

• Tfnh chat hoa hgc dac tnmg ciia anken la phan iing c6ng, dieu che' va mot

sd ling dung cua anken

• Cach phan biet ankan vdi anken bang phuong phap hoa hgc

• Giai bai tap lien quan de'n anken

• Viet phuong trinh hoa hgc minh hoa tfnh chat hoa hgc cua anken

3 Tinh cam, thai do

Anken va san pham triing hop cd nhieu iing dung trong ddi sdng san xul't Vi vay, giiip HS tlil'y dugc tim quari trgng cua viec nghien ciiu anken

B CHUAN B! CUA GV VA HS

• GV: - May tfnh, may chie'u, cac phieu hgc tap

- Hoa chat: Nudc brom, H2SO4 jj^, etanol, thudc tfm

- Dung cu: Ong nghiem, niit cao su cd gin dng dlji khf, kep dng nghiem, den edn, bg gia thf nghiern

• HS: On tap kien thiic bai ankan va xem trudc bai anken

C TIEN TRINH DAY- HOC

Hoat dong cua GV Hoat ddng cua HS

Hoqt dqng 1

Kiem tra bdi cu,

GV chie'u hai bai tap len man hinh

yeu ciu HS thao luln

1 Neu dieu kien de cd ddng phan

cis-trans Cho vf du minh hoa?

2 Anken cd cong thiic

GV nhan xet ke't qua bai lam ciia 2

HS d^ cho HS khac nit kinh nghiem

HS 1: Diing sodd sau:

+ Ddng phan trans: Khi mach chinh nam b

phfa khac nhau cua Hen ket C= C

I TINH CHAT VAT Lf Hoqt dqng 2

/ Nhiet do sdi, nhiet do nong chay vd khdi luong rieng

GV chie'u Jai bang 6.1 len man hinh

cho HS quan sat, yeu cau HS nhan xet

quy luat bie'n ddi cac tfnh chit sau

cua anken:

- Trang thai

- Nhiet do sdi

- Nhiet do ndng chay

- Khdi lugng rieng

GV yeu ciu HS nghien ciiu SGK va

nhan xet vd tfnh tan va mau sac cua

anken

HS thao luain lin lugt tra Idi cac cau hoi ciia GV, rut ra nhan xet:

- Trang thai:

+ 3 anken dau la chat khf

+ Cac anken khac la chit long hoac rSn

- t°nc, t^s va khdi lugng ridng tang theo chieu tang ciia phan tit khd'i

- Anken nhe hon nudc

2 Tinh tan vd mdu sac

HS nghien ciiu SGK va tra Idi:

- Anken hoa tan tdt trong diu md, hlu nhu khong tan trong nudc

- Anken la nhirng chit khong mau

II TINH CHAT HOA HOC

GV yeu c|u HS rut ra nhung nhan xet

chung ve mdi quan he giiia dac diem

ciu tao va tfnh chit ciia anken

- Lien ke't doi du doan la trung tim phan ung

- Phan ung pha v&lien ke't % kem ben Cgng hidro

HS thao luan

- Phan ung cong la phan ling trong

do phan tur hgp cha't hiiu c o ket hop

vdi phan tii khac tao thanh phan tii

- Neu didu kien de xay ra phan iing

c6ng H2 vao anken, vie't phuong trinh

hoa hgc giua etilen va H2

hap chat md'i

- Khi CO xiic tac Ni va dun nong Phuang trinh hoa hoc:

Din tiir tit khf etilen (tiir tiii dung khi)

vao dung dich brom, yeu ciu HS quan

sat giai thfch hien tugng bing phuong

trinh hoa hgc

GV hirdng din HS giai thfch hien

tugng

GV yeu ciu HS neu ung dung ciia

phan ling anken vdi brom

GV hudng din HS nghien ciiu thf

rtghieni hinh 6:3 trong SGK, yeu cau

HS:

- Rut ra ke't luln

- Vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc giQa

etilen vdi CI2

- Vie't phuong trinh tong quat giua

HS quan sat va thao luan

- Tha'y dung dich brom (mau nau do) bi nhat din, chiing td ndng do Br2 giam

- Giai thfch: Do brorh tin cdng vao Jien

ke't doi pha vo lien ke't n

- Phuong trinh hoa hgc

CH2=CH2 + Br2(dd) •CH2Br-CH2Br

1,2-dibrometan Ung dung: De phan biet anken vdi ankan

do ankari kh6ng lam mat mau dung dich

brom b dieu kien thudng

HS nghien ciiu SGK

- Kd^t luan etilen cdng clo tao thanh chat long dang diu, kh6ng tan trong nudc, ap suit trong dng nghiem giam lam cho nudc ding len

- Vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc

—^ CH2CI-CH2CI 1,2-dicloetan CH2=CH2 + C1

- Phuong trinh tdng quit:

anken vdi halogen, san ph^m tao

GV ggi y de HS vie't phuong trinh hoa

hgc cua anken vdi hidrohalogenua

(HCl, HBr, HI), axit H2SO4 dam dac

GV chie'u so dd chung axit cgng vao

anken len man hinh cho HS quan sat:

Yeu ciu HS nhan xet ve:

- Phan ling xay ra qua bao nhieu giai

doan

- Kieu phan cat phan tit H-A

- Do ben ciia cacbotion trung gian

- Phin tii nao tin cong vao ndi doi

HS quan sat, phan tfch va tra Idi

- Phan ling xay ra qua 2 giai doan

- Phan tur H-A bi phan cat ki^u di li

- Cacbocation la tieu phan trung gian kh6ng ben

- Phin mang dien tfch duong tin cdng trudc

b) Cgng nudc (phdn iing hidrat hod)

GV ggi y HS viet phuong trinh hoa | HS: 6 dieu kien thich hop (cd H^ xiic tac va

hgc cua phan iing etilen c6ng nudc dun ndng), anken cd the cgng nudc

^ ^ ^ C H 3 - C H 2 - O H

etanol CH,=CH,+H,0

c) Hudng cua phdn iing cgng axit vd nUdc vdo anken

GV vie't so dd phan iing cgng cua

propen vdi HCl

1-CH3—CH2—CH2—Cl 1- clopropan

HS quan sat, thao lUIn va tra Idi

CH,-CH=CH,+

' - € H 3 - ( J : H - C H 3

Cl 2- clopropan

GV yeu ciu HS nhin xet san phim

chfnh va san pham phu tiir do riit ra

quy tac Mac-c6p-nhi-c6p

GV hudng din HS riit ra quy tac

Mac-cop- nhi-c6p

GV yeu ciu HS vie't phuong trinh hoa

hgc cua isobutilen vdi H2O

GV chie'u len man hinh m6t bai tap

trac nghiem nhu sau:

Trudng hgp nao diing cho quy tac

Phan ling giua propilen vdi HBr chp 2 san phim:

1- clopropan la san phim phu

2- clopropan la san phim chinh

Quy tac Mac-cop-nhi-cdp: Trong phdn iing vdi cgng HA hoac nudc vdo lien kit doi, nguyen tic H (hay phdn mang dien tich duong) uu tien cgng vdo nguyen tit C bdc thap hon (cacbon cd nhieu hidro hen), con

A (phdn mang dien tich dm) Uu tien cgng vdo nguyen tii: C bqc cao hon (cacbon co it hidrO hon)

HS vie't phuong trinh hoa hgc

Mac-cop-nhi-cdp

A Anken bit dd'i xung c6ng vdi X2

B Anken ddi xiing cgng vdi HX

C Anken bit ddi xiing c6ng vdi HX

D Anken ddi xiing cgng vdi X2

GV yeu ciu HS nghien ciiu SGK rdi

tra Idi cac cau hdi sau:

- Vie't phuong trinh phan iing triing

hgp etilen

- Neu y nghia ciia cac dai lugng

- Tiir dd riit ra khai niem phan iing

trung hop, each ggi ten

Dap an C

Hoqt dqng 4

4 Phdn dng trung hqp

HS nghien ciiu SGK va thao luan

- Tuong tu yeu cau HS viet phuong trinh

triing hgp cua propilen va but-2-en

- Phuong trinh hoa hgc

- Ten polime = poll + tdn monome

- Phuong trinh hoa hgc:

nCH3-CH=CH2 -^^ (-(^H-CH^-)^

CH3 polipropilen

^ (-9H-9H-)„

CH3 CH3 polibutilen propilen

nCH,-CH=CH-CH,

Hoqt dqng 5

5 Phdn dng oxi hod a) Phdn ifng oxi hod hoan todn

GV lam thf nghiem ddt chay etilen

trong khong khf yeu ciu HS nhan xet:

- Mau nggn lia

- San phim tao thanh

-Viet phuong trinh phan iing chay

cua etilen

- Viet phuong trinh hoa hgc chay

tdng quit cua anken

- T i l e n„^o va n™

HS quan sat thf nghiem va nhan xet

- Nggn lia khdng mau, sang xanh

- San ph^m khf, kh6ng miii

- Phuong trinh chay

2C2H4 + 5O2 ^ 4CO2 + 4H2O

> 2nC02 + 2nH20 C„H2„ + 3n02

Ti le n CO, 'H,0 = 1 : 1

b) Phdn icng oxi hod khong hodn todn

GV lam thf nghiem: Sue khf etilen

vao dung dich KMn04 (1) yeu ciu HS:

- Neu hien tugng

- Giai thfch

- Ung dung cua phan iing

GV tuong tur yeu ciu HS vie't phuong

trinh hoa hgc cua anken vdi dung

dich KMn04

GV: Ggi y HS viet phuong trinh hoa

hgc tdng quat

HS quan sat thi nghiem

Hien tuqng: Dung dich KMn04 mau tfm

bi nhat din, cd ket tua nau den xult hien

Gidi thich:

- Etilen phan iing vdi dung dich KMn04

lam cho ndng do KMn04 giam nen mau tfm nhat din, sinh ra Mn02 ke't tua mau nlu den

DIEU CHE vA UNG DUNG

Hoqt dqng 6

1 Dieu che

+ Trong phdng thf nghiem:

GV gidi thieu: Etilen dugc dieu che'

tur etanol theo phuong trinh hoa hgc:

C2H5OH H2SO4 dac

no°c > C2H4 + H2O

Phuong phap dieu che' nay thudng lin

cac khf nhu CO2, SOj Vay dung each

nao de loai bo SO2, CO2, tiit dd yeu

cau HS trinh bay each lap rap bg

diing cu dieu che' C2H4 sach

+ Trong cdng nghiep:

GV yeu ciu HS neu phuong phap

dieu che' anken trong cong nghiep va

vie't phucmg trinh hoa hgc minh hoa

HS trong cong nghiep anken dugc dieu

che' ixt ankan bang phugng phap

- De hidro hoa ankan:

GV: Smi tip miu vat, tranh anh, m6t

sd ung dung co ban ciia anken Chieu

HS thao luan nhung iing dung chfnh ciia anken:

len man hinh cho HS quan sat (hoac

cho HS nghien ciiu SGK)

Yeu ciu HS khai quit hoa iing dung

cua anken, viet phuong trinh hoa hgc

minh hoa (ne'u cd)

- Nguyen lieu cho tdng hgp hoa hgc

Vf du: axit hiiu co, keo din

Phuong trinh hoa hgc:

- Tfnh chat vat If cua anken

- Phan ling cdng H2, X2, HA va quy

tic cgng Mac-cdp-nhi-cop

- Phan ling triing hgp va oxi hoa

GV chie'u len man hinh cac bai tap

sau de luygn tip

L Khi c6ng HBr Vao hdn hgp cac

ddng phan mach hd C4H8 thi thu dugc

tdi da bao nhieu san phim

A 3 B 4 C 5 D 6

2 De nhan bie't CH4 va C2H4 ta dung

dung dich nao sau day:

D HU6NG D A N GIAI BAI TAP SGK

1- a ) D ; b ) D ; c) S ; d) D

2 Anken boat ddng hoa hgc hon ban ankan la do trong phan tit cd chiia lien ket T:, day la nhiing lien ke't kem ben nen cd kha nang phan iing de dang hon Cac phuong trinh hoa hgc:

e) 3CH3-CH<H2 + 2KMn04 + 4H2O -^ 3CH3-CHOH-CH2OH + 2KOH +2Mn02

Vdi n = 15.000 thi PTK trung binh cua polime la : 15.000 x 56 = 840000

4 Dat cong thiic phan tit olefin dd la C„H2„ Phuong trinh hoa hgc cua phan ung vdi hidro:C„H2„ + H2 Ni°,l° •> C„H2„ + 2

0,02 < - ^ i i l ^ = o,02

22,4 Phuong trinh hoa hgc ciia phan iing vdi brom:

C„H2„ + Br2 ^ C„H2„Br2

0,02 0,02

v a y ta cd: (14n + 160) x 0,02 = 4,32 => n = 4 Cong thiic phan tur la C4Hg

Vi ankan thu duoc la mach nhanh, do dd CTCT cua olefin la: CH,=C-CH,

CH3 (2-metylpropen)

A, : CH2=C-CH2-CH3

CH3 A2: CH3- C=CH-CH3

CH3 A3: CH3-CH-CH=CH2

CnH2„+2 +

0,1 3n + l

0,1

C „ H 2 „ + y O ,0,1

O2 — ^ nC02 + (n+l)H20

0,ln -> nC02 + nHjO 0,ln

a) 0,ln + 0,ln = 0,6=^n = 3

CTCT ciia ankan la C3H8 (m = 44g/mol), CTCT : CH3-CH2-CH3;

CTCT ciia ankan la C3H6 (m = 42g/mol), CTCT : CH2=CH-CH3

Khi hidrat hoa A chi thu duoc mot ancol duy nhat Vay CTCT cua A la:

H ^ C H j

8 a) Ong nghiem thit nha't chuyen thanh dng nghiem b) b hinh 6.5 Hexan

Khong phan iing vdi dung dich KMn04, khong tan trong dung dich KMn04 nen cha't long phin lam 2 ldp, dung dich khong nhat mau

Ong nghiem thii hai chuyen thanh dng nghiem c) b hinh 6.5 Hex-1-en cd

phan ung oxi hoa vdi dung dich KMn04 lam nhat mau dung dich KMn04, san phim sinh ra khong tan trong nudc vi vay phan lam hai ldp

b) Phuong trinh hoa hgc:

3CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2 + 2KMn04 + 4H20->3CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-a^-aj[2 + 2Mn02+2KOH

9 Phuong trinh hoa hgc

CH3—CH2—CH2—CH3

OH OH

500°C

H, Cong thiic ca'u tnic cua (II)

CH2 =CH2 + CI2 ^"^ " > CH2 =CHC1 + HCl

nCH2 = CHCl '°:P ) r-CH2 - C H - ^

CI CH2 = CH2+ - O 2 ->CH2-CH2

V (etilen oxi)

E TU LIEU THAM KHAO

Su cd mat ciia lidn ket n trong phin tii anken lam cho anken cd kha nang phan iing

cao hon nhieu so vdi ankan, trong dd phan iing cgng electrophin (ky hieu AEJ vao ndi ddi la phan iing dac trung nhat Theo quan niem hien nay, hlu het mgi phan

ung AE cua anken la nhimg phan iing nhieu giai doqn hay cgng tiCng bqc O giai

doan diu (chlm) tac nhan electrophin (mang dien duong) tin c6ngvao nguyen tit cacbon mang dien am (5~) cua ndi doi da bi phan cue hoa de tao ra cacbocation trung gian Tiep theo, giai doan sau (nhanh) cacboncation se tac dung vdi phin rnarig didn Im cua phan tur tac nhin hoac dung moi de tao ra san phim cgng

Phan ling cgng cua mdt tie nhan bat ddi xung (nhu HCl, H2SO4, HOH,

HBr, ICl, ) vao mdt anken bit ddi xiing (nhu CH3CH=CH2,

CH3CH=CHCH2CH3, ) se uu tien xay ra theo hudng tao thanh cacbocation

trung gian ben hon (quy tic Mac-cop-nhi-cdp)

Vl du: „

Qr-GH3-CH-CH3 - B L ^ CH3-CHBr-CH3 (95%)

(bin han) CH3CH=CH2 + HBr I S L

O

CH3-CH2-CS2 - ^ CH3-CH2-CH2-Br (5%) (kem ben)

BAI 41 A N K A D I E N

A MUC TIEU BAI HOC

1 Kien thijrc

HS bie't:

• Khai niem ve ankadien va dac diem cl'u trtic cua he lien ke't doi lien hgp

• Tfnh chit, phuong phap dieu che' va ung dung cua buta-l,3-dien va isopren

HS hieu:

• Nguyen nhin gly ra phan iing cgng va phan iing trung hgp kieu 1,4 do ciu

tao cua phan tit ankadien cd lien ke't n lien hgp

3 Tinh cam, ttiai do

Ankadien va san pham triing hgp co nhieu iing dung trong ddi sdng san xult,

lam HS tha'y dugc tim quan trgng cua viec nghien ciiu ankadien tii dd tao cho

HS niem hiing thu trong hgc tap

B CHUAN B! CUA GV VA HS

• GV: - May tfnh, may chie'u, cac phie'u hgc tap

- M6 hinh phin tit butadien

- Hoa cha't, mu cao su, m6t sd vat lieu bang cao su (vdng giun )

• HS: On tap bai anken va xem trudc bai ankadien

C TIEN TRINH DAY- HOC

Hoat ddng cua GV Hoat ddng cua HS

Hoqt dqng 1

KIEM TRA BAI CU

GV ggi 2 HS len bang trinh bay cac van

de sau, cac HS khac chuan bi de nhan

xet va bd sung

1 Tiir clU tao cua anken neu tfnh chit

hoa hgc ciia etilen va neu vf du minh

hoa?

2 Trinh bay phuong phap hoa hgc de

tach lay khf metan tinh khie't tit hdn hgp

metan va etilen

HS 1: Etilen cd cl'u tao gdm 1 lien

ket doi (cd lien ke't n kem ben)

- Phan ling cgng hidro (phan ling hidro hoa):

1 PHAN LOAI

Hoot dqng 2

GV chie'u cong thiic ca'u tao thu ggn mot

sd ankadien len man hinh

HS quan sat va thao luan

Yeu ciu HS nhin xet:

- Dac diem chung va nit ra khai niem

ankadien

- Lip cdng thiic tdng quit cua ankadien?

GV yeu cau HS nghien ciiu SGK va tra

Idi cac elu hdi sau:

- Co sd de phin loai ankadien

- Cd the chia ankadien thanh nhung loai

nao? Cho vf du minh hoa

- Trong cac loai ankadien da neu thi loai

nao quan trgng nhit? Vi sao?

- Cd 2 hen ke't doi C=C trong phin tii

- Deu la hidrocacbon khong no mach

hd

- Khii niem ankadien:

Ankadien la hidrocacbon khdng no mach hd trong phin t i e d , hai lien ket doi

- Tit propadien

C3H4 ^ C3H4(CH2)k -> C3 + ,,H4 + 2k

D a t k = n - 3 - > C„H2„-2(n>3)

HS nghien ciiu SGK va thao luan:

- Dura vao vi trf tuong ddi gitta hai lien ket doi

- Cd the chia ankadien thanh 3 loai: + Ankadien cd 2 lien ke't doi canh nhau

Vf du: CH2=CH=CH2 + Ankadien cd hai hen ket doi each nhau 1 lien ke't don (ankadien lien hgp)

Vf du: CH2= CH - CH ^CHj + Ankadien cd 2 lien ke't doi each xa nhau

Vf du: CH, CH —CH2-^ CH —CH2 Trong cac ankadien tren thi ankadien lien hgp quan trgng nhit vi cd nhieu ling dung trong thuc td'

GV chie'u len man hinh c6ng thiic cl'u

tao thu ggn va ten ggi eua mot sd

Yeu ciu HS riit ra each ggi ten ankadien

HS quan sat thao luan

HS dua ra quy tic ggi ten:

Ten mach chfnh

• sd chi vi trf lien ke't doi -dien

II CAU TROC PHAN TC; VA PHAN UNG COA BUTADIEN VA ISOPREN

Hoqt dqng 3

/ Cdu triic phdn ti butadien

GV chie'u mo hinh phan tit cua buta-1,3- HS quan sat thao luan

dien len man hinh:

yeu ciu HS thao luln:

- Trang thai lai boa cua nguyen tii C

- Vi trf tuong ddi ciia cac nguyen tit

- Dac diem cua 2 lien ke't n

- So sanh ciu tao ciia buta-l,3-dien vdi

etilen, tit dd riit ra tfnh chit hoa hgc ciia

buta-l,3-dien

- Cac nguyen tit C deu 0 trang thai lai hoa sp^

- 4 nguyen tii C va 6 nguyen' tii H

deu nam tren mot mat phang

- Ankadien CO hai lien ke't d6i lien hgp tao nen su xen phu electron 71 tren toan bg true cacbon

- Ca hai deu cd Udn ke't doi (lien ket

Tt kem ben) butadien cd lien ke't %

hen hgp nen bdn hon lien ket Ti trong etilen

GV hudng din HS phan tfch ca'u tao va

so sinh vdi etilen

=> Tfnh chat hoa hgc ciia butadien

gidng anken: Co phdn iing cgng, plidn Ung triing hgp, phdn img oxi hod khong hodn todn

Hoqt dqng 4

2 Phdn Ung cgng ciia butadien vd isopren

GV chie'u lai md hinh buta-l,3-dien len

man hinh va yeu ciu HS phin tfch khi

cdng X2 vao buta-l,3-dien thi X cd kha

nang c6ng vao cac vi trf nao, giai thfch b

cIc ti le mol phan ung khac nhau?

HS quan sat thao luln

Vdi ti le (1:1) X2 cd the tan cong vao:

- Vi trf 1,2 pha vd 1 lien ke't Tt

- Vi trf 1,4 pha vd ca hai lien ke't Tt

va tao thanh mot lien ke't doi b giiia

- Vi trf 1,3 khdng the dugc vi khSng dam bao hoa tri cho cac nguyen td Vdi ti le (1:2) thi pha vd ca hai lien ke't doi, cgng vao tit ca cac vi tri

a) Cgng hidro

GV tugng tu vdi anken ydu ciu HS viet

phuong trinh hoa hgc cua ankadien vdi

H2 va cho vf du, san phim thu dugc la

b) Cgng halogen vd hidrohalogen

GV cho HS bie't:

- Ti le % san phim cgng 1,2:

6 -SO^C khoang 80%, 40°C khoang 20%

Ti le % san phim cgng 1,4: HS tuy vao nhiet do phan ting

6 -80°C khoang 20%, 40°C khoang 80% - 0 nhiet do rl't thlp uu tien cgng

GV: 0 dieu kien nao thi uu tien cgng

vao vi tri 1,2 hay cgng vao vi tri 1,4

GV tren co sd da phan tfch, yeu ciu HS

vie't phan iing ciia buta-l,3-dien vdi

brom theo cac ti le mol khic nhau

GV cho bie't tuong tu vdi anken:

ankadien phan ung vdi HX tuin theo quy tac

Mac-cop-nhi-cdp, va yeu elu HS vie't

phuong trinh phan iing minh hoa (tao ra

san phim chfnh)

GV bd sung: Isopren cd phan iing tuong tu

buta-l,3-dien

GV chie'u bai tap sau len man hinh cho

HS thao luln: Cho buta-l,3-dien cgng

HBr (1:1) cho tdi da bao nhieu san

phim? La nhung san pham nao?

CH,=CH- CH-CH,

- Cgng 1,4 CH,=CH-CH=CH, + HBr

Br

HaC \ ^ CH2Br

^ C = C \

H H

GV: Tur cac phan iing trdn yeu elu HS nit

ra nhin xet tfnh chit ciia buta-1,3-dien

GV hudng dan HS nit ra nhan xet

GV yeu ciu HS nhac lai khai niem phan

ung triing hgp, dieu kien de cd phan iing

triing hgp

GV bd sung:

- Khi ed mat chit xiic tac, b nhiet do, ap

suit thfch hop, buta-l,3-dien va isopren

tham gia phan ung trung hgp chu yeii theo

ki^u cgng 1,4 tao thanlrcac polime ma mdi

mIt xich cd'chiia mdt hen ket ddi b giira

- Yeu elu yeu elu HS vie't san ph£m

phan ling:

n CH2= C H - CH= CH2

n CH,= C - CH = CH,

HS thao luln riit ra nhan xet:

- Butadien va isopren cd kha nang tham gia phan iing cgng

- O nhiet do thlp uu tien tao thanh san phim cgng 1,2, o nhiet do cao

uu tien tao thanh san phdm c6ng 1,4

- Phan ling cdng HX theo quy tac Mac-cdp-nhi-cdp

trung hop

HS: - Phan iing triing hgp la qua trinh cgng hgp lien tie'p nhieu phin tit nhd gidng nhau hoac tuong tu nhau tao thanh nhitng phin tit rit ldn (ggi

la polime)

- Dieu kien de cd phan iing triing

hgp la cd mat chit xiic tie, b nhiet

do, ap suit thfch hgp

HS thao luan phan ung triing hgp la:

xt l".p

- San ph£m triing hgp cua buta-l,3-dien

va isopren dugc ggi la cao su (cao su la

chit hiiu CO cd tfnh dan hdi), cd tfnh chit

gan gidng cao su tu nhien

- Tuong tu anken; ankadien cung lam

ma't mau dung dich KMn04

Hoqt dqng 5

3 Dieu che, icng dung ciia butadien vd isopren

GV suu tip mot sd hinh anh, miu vat

ciia cac polime dugc dieu che' tii

butadien va isopren chie'u len cho HS

qiian sat, yeu cau rut ra ung dung ciia

ankadien va vie't cong thiic ggi ten cac

polime tren

GV hudng din HS neu cac phuong phap

dieu che' butadien va isopren

HS quan sat thao luan

Buta-l,3-dien va isopren la monome quan trgng de tdng hop polime (cao su) cd tfnh dan hdi

(-CH2-C=CH-CH2-)„ cao su isopren

CH,

HS butadien va isopren didu chd' bang each tach hidro tii ankan tuong iing CH,CH,CH,CH, — ^

CH,=CH- CH=CH, + 2H, CH3CHCH2CH3

CH, CH,

9-CH, CH=CH, + 2H,

HOAT DONG 6

CONG C 6 BAI VA BAI TAP VE NHA

1 Cung CO bai

GV chie'u len man hinh cac bai tip sau,

yeu cau HS tra Idi d^ ciing cd kien thiic

buta-l,3-dien

2 Vie't cdng thiic elu tao va ggi ten cac

ankadien cd cdng thiic la CsHg, chi ra

cac ankadien lien hgp

- Phan ling trung hgp kieu 1,4

- Phan ling oxi hoa

HS thao luan:

CH3 CH3 CH2

CH3

-^H= CH-CH=CH -CH= C=CH-

=9-CH=CH2

CH3

—C=C=CH2 CH3

-CH3

2(1)

(2) (3)

(4)

CH2= C=CH-CH2-CH3 (5) CH2=CH-CH2-CH=CH2 (6) Chi CO (1) va (3) la ankadien hen hgp

2 Bai tap ve nha 1,2, 3,4, 5, 6 (SGK)

/

D HUdNG DAN GIAI BAI TAP SGK

1 a)

Pollen: La nhung hidrocacbon trong phan tii cd tii hai lien ke't ddi trd len

- Dien: La nhiing hidrocacbon tfong phan tit cd tii hai lien ke't ddi trd

- Ankadien: Dien mach hd cd cdng thiic chung C„H2„-2(n > 3) ggi la ankadien b) Ankadien dugc phan chia lam hai loai: Ankadien lien hgp va Ankadien khdng lidn hgp,

c) Cdng thiic chung cua ankadien : C„H2„-2(n>3) So vdi ankan va ahken cd ciing sd nguyen tit cacbon, ankadien cd ciing sd nguyen tur H kem ankan 4 nguyen tit H, kem anken 2 nguyen tit H

2 a) C6ng thiic elu tao va ten ggi cac ankadien cd cdng thiic phan tit:

CH3-CH=C=CH-CH3; CH2= C= C-CH3; CH2=C=CH=CH2

CH3 CH3 penta-2,3-dien 3-metylbuta-l,2-dien 2-metylbuta-l,3-dien

b) Ddng phan tdn tai dudi dang ddng phan hinh hgc : penta-l,3-dien:

H2C=CII CH3 H2C=CH yii

H H H CH3 c/5-penta-1,3-dien rran^-penta-1,3-dien

3 a ) S ; b ) D ; c ) S ; d) S ; e) D

5 a) Cong thiic phin tit cua A : CjHg

b) Cac du kien diu bai da cho chua du de xac dinh cong thiic ciu tao cua A, vi

cd 3 cong thiic ca'u tao phii hgp:

CH2= C-CH=CH2, CH3-C=C=CH2 CHj-CpH-C^CH

CH3 CH3 CH3

6 Dap sd: Khdi lugng polibutadien thu dugc la 1580 kg

E TU LIEU THAM KHAO

Theo quan niem hien nay, trong phan ung cdng electrophin vao ankadien, tac

nhin electrophin (H* Br*, ) tin cdng vao diu mang dien Im eua mach lien

hgp da bi phan cue hoa va tao ra mot cacbocation lien hgp

Br iBr + CH2 = C H - C H = C H 2 Br-CH2 - CH - CH = CH2

O cacbocation nay, dien tfch duong khdng tap trung b mot nguyen tut Q ma

dugc giai toa ra ca mach cho tdi nguydn tit C4 theo so dd:

5* 5*

Br— CH2— CH ^ ^ CH ^ ^ CH2

Vi vay, b giai doan thii hai, anion Br" cd the tan cong vao nguyen tur Q hole

C4, tao ra cae san phim cgng 1, 2 va cgng 1, 4

M ^ B r - C H 2 - C H B r - C H =CH2

B r — C H 2 — C H ^ ^ C H ^ ^ C H 2 + Br - (

^ ^ ^ B r - C H 2 - C H = CH-CH2Br

Phan ung cdng mot tie nhin bit ddi xiing (HCl) vao ankadien bat ddi xiing

(isopren) xay ra theo hudng phii hgp vdi su phin bd mIt d6 electron trong

phin tit, cu th^ la H* se tin cdng vao diu nao cd mat do electron cao hon trong

mach lien hop cua phan tit:

BAI 42 KHAI NIEM VE TECPEN

A MUC TIEU BAI HOC

TKienthOc

HS bie't:

• Khai niem v^ tecpen va dac diem ca'u true cua tecpen

• Ngudn gdc va gia tri cua mot sd tecpen don gian de khai thac va sit dung hgp If ngudn tecpen

HS hieu:

Chung cat lai cudn hoi nudc la m6t phuofng phap tach biet quan trgng trong phdng thf nghiem va trong san xua't tecpen

2 KT nang

• Phan biet dugc tecpen vdi nhirng hidrocacbon da hgc

• Du doan dugc tfnh chat hoa hgc, kiem tra va ke't luan Viet phuong trinh hoa hgc bieu didn tfnh chit hoa hgc cua tecpen

3 Tinh cam, thai do

Viec gan ly thuye't vdi thuc tien, die biet gia tri va ung dung cua tecpen, lam nhen nhdm trong HS tinh thin ham tim hieu nghien ciru thien nhien