Education and training in the development of high quality human resource in vietnam at present (TT)

fundamental and comprehensive renewal of the national education; incorporating thedevelopment of human resources with the development and application of scienceand technology” [49, p.106

LUONG CONG LY

EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES IN

At Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics and Public Administration

Academic Supervisor: Assoc Prof., Dr VU HONG SON

The PhD thesis is defensed 1:

The PhD thesis is defensed 2:

The PhD thesis is defensed 3:

The PhD thesis will be defensed in front of a jury and marked by at

Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics and Public Administration.

A t h 2014

The PhD thesis is available in National Library and the National Academy of Politics and Public Administration's library Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics and

Public Administration.

1 The necessity of the research

In Vietnam and in the world as well, it has long been thought that the success orfailure, existence or death, and decadence or prosperity of a nation deeply depends onthe nation’s human resources In the context of rapid development of advancedscientific and technological revolution, knowledge economy and globalisation,countries are paying more attention to the development of high-quality humanresources Human resources have become a competitive advantage of numerouscountries world-wide Thus, countries are increasingly attaching greater importance

to bringing into full play the role of education and training to develop and enhancethe quality of human resources, taking full advantages of internal forces in thesituation of fiercer competition among countries all over the world under theframework of the present globalisation

After more than twenty five years of adopting renovation policies in the socialistorientation that the Party initiated and led, Vietnam’s revolution has obtainedconsiderable achievements of historical significance The country has overcomesocio-economic crisis and entered a new development era: accelerating nationalindustrialisation and modernisation, and taking steady steps towards the socialistpath These achievements have set forth fundamental conditions for as well asrequires the development of human resources, especially the high-quality humanresources to facilitate the country in the new era of development

In the national renovation process, the high-quality human resources have made

a rapid growth, making essential contributions to the national achievements ofhistorical significance in all fields of social life Education and training has played anoverriding important and decisive role to the development of the country’s humanresources Resolution of the 2nd plenary session of the 8th Central Committee of theCommunist Party of Vietnam states that: “Developing education and training is thenational top policy”, aiming to train human resources that meets rising requirements.The 11th Party Congress also specified a strategic breakthrough: “Rapidly developingthe human resources, particularly high-quality human resources, concentrating on the

fundamental and comprehensive renewal of the national education; incorporating thedevelopment of human resources with the development and application of scienceand technology” [49, p.106].

In the past years, our education sector in general and universities have produced

a strong contingent of engineers, BSc, MA, and doctors in the fields of economy,politics, education and training, culture, and social affairs…satisfying requirementsfor high-quality human resources to hasten the national industrialisation andmodernisation Nevertheless, Vietnam’s education and training sector still witnessesshortcomings Content, curricula, teaching method, management forces,mechanism, policy as well as environment, conditions, and equipment andfacilities for the cause of education and training to foster a high-quality humanresources remain limited, failing to meet the real demands The quality ofeducation and training, especially at higher level which is directly involved in theeducation and training of the high-quality human resources, is generally low Thequalification and professionalism of graduates remains limited, their adaptability

to the reality is still weak; our human resources remains few in quantity andlimited in quality whereas mechanism is inadequate These demonstrateshortcomings and limitations of our education and training sector which fails tomanifest its role in developing the nation’s high-quality human resources

The development of high-quality human resources depends on a number offactors, in which the role of education and training is of overriding importance.Hence, it is a pressing issue for the nation’s education and training sector in generaland universities in particular to produce high-quality human resources to satisfy thedemands for speeding up the nation’s industrialisation, modernisation andinternational integration in the new era, contributing to realising the target tobasically turn Vietnam into a modernity-oriented industrial country by 2020, and tosuccessfully build up a society of wealthy people, prosperous nation, democracy,justice, and civilisation as our Party has stated

These issues are increasingly pressing to our nation on those days, in terms ofboth theoretical and practical perspectives and demanding for a thorough study With

that in mind, the author has selected the subject “Education and training in the

development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present” as the

specialism of this thesis

2 Purpose and task of the research

2.1 Purpose

The thesis clarifies fundamental theoretical matters and the real situation of theeducation and training to the development of high-quality human resources;recommends a number of directions and solutions to bring into full play the role ofeducation and training in the development of high-quality human resources inVietnam at present

2.2 Task

- Clarifying theoretical ground related to the development of high-quality humanresources and the role of education and training in the development of high-qualityhuman resources in Vietnam at present

- Clarifying the real situation of the role of education and training in thedevelopment of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present

- Proposing a number of essential directions and solutions to bring into full playthe role of education and training in the development of high-quality humanresources in Vietnam at present

3 Subject and scope of the research

- Studying the realities of the role of education and training in the development ofhigh-quality human resources in certain universities in Vietnam at present.

- In term of time scope, the thesis studies the role of education and training in thedevelopment of high-quality human resources in Vietnam from 1986 to present

5 New findings of the research

- The thesis explains more clearly the role of education and training in thedevelopment of human resources in Vietnam at present

- Based on achievements, shortcomings and matters arise from the reality, thethesis proposes a number of fundamental directions and solutions to bring into fullplay the role of education and training in the development of high-quality humanresources in Vietnam at present

6 Theoretical and practical significance of the research

6.1 Theoretical significance

The thesis explains more obviously theory of human resources, high-quality humanresources and the role of education and training in the development of high-qualityhuman resources in Vietnam at present The thesis provides scientific grounds to theimplementation of directions and solutions to bring into full play the role of educationand training in the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present

6.2 Practical significance

- The new findings of the thesis can be used as reference to planning and

implementing policies to develop the role of education and training in universities in

Vietnam at present.

- The thesis can be a useful reference for lecturers, education managers and

pupils, and students in universities in Vietnam at present

7 Conclusion

The thesis consists of introduction, four chapters, nine sections, conclusion, list

of reference and appendix

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON THE SAME SUBJECT OF THE THESIS

1.1 Studies on human resources and the role of education and training of human resources

The issue of high-quality human resources and the education and training ofhuman resources has been a great concern of numerous scientists and researchers incountries world-over in different fields of science A number of typical works related

to the issue in China such as: Liang You Jia (2006), Book Talent management,

Publishing House of Zhong Shan University, Quang Dong, China, Shen Rong Hua

and Wu Guo Miao (2008), Book A Respect for Intelligentsia and Talented People – A

Hundred-Year Master Plan for the Restoration and Development of the Country,

National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi; Wang Hui Yao (2010) Book National

Strategy - Talents Change the World, China’s People Press; Liu Xiao Ping (2011),

Book The Theories and Practices of Human Resources Assessment, Sun Yat-sen University Press; Wang Chong (2012), Book The Quality of Economic Growth in

Western China in Association with the Usage of Rural Human Resources, China’s

People Press Typical authors in other countries include Okuhira Yasuhiro (1994),

Book Japan’s Politics and Economy, National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi; Kim, Jang-ho (2005), Book New Paradigm of Human Resources Development:

Government Initiatives for Economic Growth and Social Integration in Korea,

KRIVET, Seoul, 135949, Korea; the book Li Guang Yao 40 Nian Zheng Lun Xuan

(Lee Kuan Yew’s Political Writings of 40 Years) (1994), National Political

Publishing House, Ha Noi; PhD thesis on Party construction Training, Fostering a

Leading Contingent Managing the Party and State Economic Performance in Lao at Present, National Political Academy, Ha Noi by Sinkham Phommaxay (2003)

Concepts, features and the role of the high-quality human resources, talents,intellectuality, the importance of education and training, as well as issues related tothe use of talented personnels and the development of high-quality human resourcesare reflected comprehensively in the works mentioned above These foundationsenable the author to acquire, inherit, and continue studying and specifying in theauthor’s thesis

In Vietnam, there are many studies on high-quality human resources and the role

of education and training of human resources, noticeably: Pham Minh Hac (lead

author – 1996), Study The issue of human beings in the cause of national

industrialisation and modernisation; Pham Tat Dong (2005), Book Vietnam’s intellectuality, reality and prospect, lead author, National Political Publishing House,

Ha Noi; Nguyen Dac Hung (2007), Book Developing talents to strengthen the nation,

National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi; Nguyen An Ninh (2009), Book

Bringing into full play the potential of Vietnam’s socio-science intellectuality,

National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi; Vu Van Phuc, Nguyen Duy Hung authors - 2012), Developing human resources to meet the demands of industrialisation, modernisation and international integration, National Political

(Co-Publishing House, Ha Noi

1.2 Studies on the status of high-quality human resources

Pham Tat Dong, (Lead author - 2005), Study Scientific foundation for policies to

take full advantage of the capability of labour and creation of intellectual circle and students, Ministerial-level; Le Du Phong, (Lead author - 2006), Book Resource and driving force of development in the socialist-oriented market economy in Vietnam,

Political Theory Publishing House; Ngo Huy Tiep, (Lead author - 2009), Book

Renewing the Party’s leadership mode towards the country’s intellectual circle at present, National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi; Nguyen Van Khanh, (Lead

author - 2012), Book Resource of Vietnam’s intelligence, history, status quo and

prospect, National Political Publishing House, Ha Noi; Duong Vinh Suong (2012),

Article Education, training to the development of human resources for the cause of

industrialisation, modernisation, Communist Journal, issue number (833).

1.3 Studies on direction and solutions to bring into full play the role of education and training in the development of high-quality human resources

There are numerous scientific works, through different approaches and scopes ofstudy, studying directions and solutions to develop high-quality human resources andthe role of education and training of human resources in Vietnam Of note: TheCommunist Party of Vietnam (2008), Resolution of the 7th plenary session of the

10th Central Committe of the Communist Party of Vietnam on“The development of a

contingent of intellectuals in the period of accelerating the nation’s industrialisation and modernisation”; Nguyen Manh Huong, (Lead author - 2012), Study Building up

a contigent of military intellectuals in the renewal period, Ministerial-level (Ministry

of National Defence); Nguyen Duy Bac, (Lead author - 2013), Ministerial-level study

Characteristics of Vietnamese people to the training of high-quality human resources

in Vietnam at present, National Academy of Politics and Public Administration; Ta

Ngoc Tan (Lead author - 2012), The development of education and training of human

resources, and talents, world experience, National Political Publishing House, Ha

Noi; Bui Manh Nhi (2012), Fundamental and comprehensive renovation of

Vietnam’s education and training, Journal of Political Theory Information, a bulletin

of the Central Theoretical Council, issue number (49) (122)

The studies indicate a relatively adequate and comprehensive picture of quality human resources, in terms of both theoretical and practical perspectives, thedevelopment of high-quality human resources, particularly the role of education andtraining in the development of our country’s high-quality human resources throughdifferent periods of time, especially the renewal period The author will inherit,employ and develop these study results in the author’s study They further providethe author with scentific grounds to clarify the thesis’s areas of study However, due

high-to the approach and scope of research of each work, none of the studies mentionedabove present systematically, comprehensively and specifically education and

training with the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present.The gap of theory and practice, as well as the importance of studies in the new era

has been a pressing issue, urging the author to concentrate on “Education and

training in the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present” to develop the author’s thesis.

Chapter 2 HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES AND THE ROLE OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH-QUALITY HUMAN

RESOURCES IN VIETNAM AT PRSENT

2.1 High-quality human resources and the importance of developing quality human resources in Vietnam at present

high-2.1.1 Concept of human resources, high-quality human resources and the development of high-quality human resources

* The concept of human resources

Based on a synthetic and comprehensive examination and approach of humanbeings and human being factors and based on a number of concepts available, the

author provides a concept as follows: Human resources are a special form of general

resource, a resource of labour forces, include overall factors generating the strength

of human beings and the social community; are the general of quantity and quality of human beings and mechanism with criteria of physical strength and intellectual power, creating a capability that can be mobilised to the socio-economic development.

The human resources consists of current labourers, those in labour age group;those in the labour age group with normal health, unemployed; those who areentering the labour force, or in waiting list, ensuring to meet criteria of physicalstrength and intellectual power, creating a capability that can be mobilised to thesocio-economic development Those who are unable to work are not included in theconnotation of this concept

The human resources has an essential role to be both the driving force and target

of the nation’s socio-economic development

* The concept and criteria of high-quality human resources

- The concept:

Based on the concept of human resources and reality, the thesis puts forward a

concept as follows: High-quality human resources is the high-quality component of

the human resources, demonstrating the strength and “leading”, key role in all socio-economic performances of the country, the region, locality and areas in each particular period of time.

- Assessment criteria (qualitative, quantitative) of high-quality human resources

in Vietnam at present.

Based on the Party’s standpoints and the status of human resources, thecountry’s high-quality human resources can be considered to include: The competentleaders and managers; specialists and business managers; skilled labourers; scientific

and technological personnels Quantity is the “material essence”, indicating the size

of the human resources Quality is a factor of enormous content, reflecting the

comprehensive qualification shown mainly through criteria of quality, qualification,

and capability of human force Mechanism is an important indicator generating the

quality and strength of the human resources

Quantitative perspective: Human resources comprises those of education,

intelligence, and working capability higher than the general human resources of thecountry The quantity of the high-quality human resources should be suitable with thesize of the country’s human resources

Qualitative perspective: High-quality human resources currently comprise those

with an education background from higher level or skilled workers with an educationbackground from secondary vocational training; those of professional and technicalqualification higher than the average of the country’s human resources; those of goodpractical qualifcation and capability, are innovative, flexible, and able to attract andlead the collective, community in the production, and scientific, political, and social

activities; those are in good health to be able to operate in social areas; with a propermechanism in accordance with the demand for socio-economic development.

Quantitative and qualitative matters mentioned above closely incorporate,indicating the quality of this human resources which is more comprehensive andhigher than the rest of the country’s human resources Nevertheless, the realityindicates that the criteria mentioned above should be considered flexibly andspecifically in regard to each category of human resources in each particular area, tospecify who are included in the connotation of the high-quality human resources; and toavoid unilateral judgment

* Developing high-quality human resources

The thesis asserts that: Developing high-quality human resources is a general

operation of the Party, State and the whole society as well as labourers, with compatible contents, forms, methods, mechanisms, and policies, particularly education and training in order to create a high-quality human resources with sufficient quantity and proper mechanism, and at the same time to mobilise and bring into full play the role of high-quality human resources in the cause of renewal, national construction and defence in the new era.

This is a dialectical process: firstly, the process of education and training tofoster each person and the whole high-quality human resources; secondly, the process

of using, managing and supplementing new personnels to the high-quality humanresources in accordance with practical need; thirdly, the process of mobilising and

bringing into full play the role of this human resources in reality The target of

development is to generate a high-quality human resources meeting the real demands;

and to mobilise and bring into full play the role of this resouce Content of the

development should be comprehensive in terms of quality, quantity, and mechanism Forms and measures include activities of planning, resource generation, education

and training, management, usage; commendation and reward, discipline; environmentcreation; mechanism, policy and regulations of treatment; bringing into full play therole and responsibility of subjects and of labourers of high-quality; attaching much

attention to education and training, that’s the decisive phase Subject of the

development of high-quality human resources in the new era are the Party, the State,the whole society and the labourers.

2.1.2 The importance of developing high-quality human resources in Vietnam

at present

Firstly, developing high-quality human resources is a decisive factor to the

economic growth; to poverty reduction; and to accelerate social advancement andjustice

Secondly, developing high-quality human resources is a pressing demand of the

reality, of the knowledge market, of the renewal cause to strengthen the country

2.2 Concept, role, factors affecting and requirement of education and training in the development of high-quality human resources in Vietnam at present

2.2.1 The concept of education and training to the development of quality human resources in Vietnam at present

high-* Concept of education and training

Education and training is a self-conscious, purposive activity of subjects thatsystematically influences the spiritual and physical development, the formation andcultivation of personality, quality and competence, professionalism of the subjects,

meeting the demands for social development Direct subject of education and training

is the national education system and the teaching staff The national education system

comprises regular education; education at all levels; pre-school education, general

education, vocational training, higher and post-graduate education Target of

education is physical and mental development, the formation and cultivation ofpersonality, quality and competence, and professionalism In the case of Vietnam,education aims to educate Vietnamese people with a comprehension of morality,intelligence, health, aestheticism and occupation, satisfying demands for the national

construction and defense Content, curricula, methods of education are basic matters

reflecting knowledge, competence, qualification that need to be obtained, as well aslearning and teaching methods at each level and category of education and training

Advantages and disadvantages of academic, technical and technological education