Sâu bệnh hại thanh long và biện pháp phòng trừ

Cac hiidc can thiet trong viec bao ve thifc vat cJ vu'dn thanh long nhu' sau: - Trong canh sach benh; - Ky thuat canh tac gom: Thiet ke vu'dn trong, quan ly nu'dc, phan bon, c6 dai mot

S C J N O N G N G H I E P & P H A T T R I E N N O N G T H O N T I N H B I N H T H U A N

C H I eye B A O V g THl^e V A T

SAU BiNH HAI THANH LONC

• •

VA BllN PHAP PHdNC TRUI

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N A M 2 0 1 3

DC: 9B Nguyen Tat Thanh • Phan Thiet

SAU B E N H H A I THANH L O N G

VA B I E N PHAP PHONG T R l /

I VAN DE CHUNG:

Thanh long la mot loai trai cay xuat khau chu life cua Binh Thuan Trong quy trinh san xuat, bao ve thifc vat c6 vai tro rat quan trong de dam bao thanh long c6 tieu chuan xuat khau

Cac hiidc can thiet trong viec bao ve thifc vat cJ vu'dn

thanh long nhu' sau:

- Trong canh sach benh;

- Ky thuat canh tac gom: Thiet ke vu'dn trong, quan ly nu'dc, phan bon, c6 dai mot each khoa hoc;

- Quan ly dich hai bang cac bien phap nhu" thu cong, sinh hoc, hoa hoc

n MOT so SAU HAI CHINH TREN CAY THANH LONG:

/ Kien:

Day la doi tUdng gay hai pho bien tren vu'dn thanh

long, CO nhicu loai kien trong do kien lufa vang va kien rien

(nho mau nau den) gay hai chii yeu tren cay thanh long

Cdch gay hai

Kien can due pha goc cay lam hu" horn giong, canh

non, tai la, nu hoa, trai non, trai chin gay anh hu'dng den

gia tri thu'dng pham

Kien hai trai Kien hai bong

Bien phdp phdng trie

- Ve sinh vu'dn, don sach cac canh cay, la kho trong

vu'dn de khong cho kien c6 ndi an nau

- Cf nhiing vu'dn bi nhiem nang, tijf khi cay eo nu hoa,

CO the su" dung thuoc hoa hoc nhu" Ablane 420EC hoac cac

loai thuoc goc Fipronil nhu" regenl de tri nhtfng phai bao

dam thdi gian each ly an toan Khong su* dung thuoc hoa

hoc tren vu'dn thanh long mot tuan tru'dc khi thu hoach

' 2 Bo xit hai thanh long:

Cdch gay hai

Bp xit thu'dng boat dong vao chieu toi va ban dem

chiing tap trung chich hut nhiTa tren trai, khi trai non vet

Trai bi bo xit hai BQ xit xanh hg.i thanh long

chich hut nho kho phat hien, khi trai chin lam cac vet san siii, giam chat lu'dng, mau ma trai thanh long

Bien phdp phdng trie Chu y ndi c\X tru cua bo xit 6 nhtJng cay hang rao, cay

tfong xung quanh de c6 bien phap xu* ly

- Phun thuoc vao chieu toi bang cac thuoc nhom

Abamectin nhiT Vibamec 1.8EC, (dac biet iMu y thdi

gian each ly doi vdi cay dang mang trai)

- Co the diing bien phap thu cong de bat

3 Ray mem (Aphis SP):

Cdch gay hai

Ray mem xuat hien rai rac tren vu'dn thanh long, do thifdng xuyen xit kien va cac doi tu'dng khac nen ray mem khong phat trien du'dc va gay hai khong dang ke Thiet hai chu ye'u la lam cho mau ma trai khong dep, nhilng ndi bi

ray mem bu thifdng xuat hien nhilng cham xanh hoac trang

khi trai chin

Trdi bi ray mem gay hai Ray mem

Bien phdp phdng trii

Can kiem tra phat hien sdm, neu c6 ray can xuT ly

bang thuoc nhom Acetamiprid, Imidacloprid hay nhom

Thiamethoxam nhu" Actara, Thiamax

4 Bo tri (Thrip sp.)

Cdch gay hai

^ Bp trl gay hai tu" giai doan nu cho den khi heo rau (rut

rau) gay nen hien tu'dng mac vong tren trai non va trai gia

Bp tri thurdng gay hai quanh nam, dac biet la cac

thang mua kho

Bo tri Trdi thanh long bi bo tri gay hai Bien phdp phdng tri(

Can kiem tra vu'dn thu'dng xuyen, phat hien sdm, neu

CO ray can xu* ly bang thuoc nhom Acetamiprid,

Imidacloprid hay Thiamethoxam nhu" Thiamax, Actara Dac biet giai doan nu c6 kich thu'dc tijf 3 - 10 cm, day la giai doan nguy hiem nhat

Neu phat hien t r l thi viec phong trij" se khong dat hieu qua

5 Sen nhd^t, o'c ma

Cdch gay hai

6c sen va sen dep (sen nhdt, sen tran) phat trien manh trong mua mu'a Ban ngay an ndi am, mat, du'di Idp rdm tu, ban dem chiing xuat hien va an pha phan non cua canh, hoa, trai thanh long de lai nhiing vet tray xu'dc lam mau ma qua thanh long bi hu'hai khong the xuat ban du'dc

Sen trail 6c sen

Bien phdp phdng trif:

- Ve sinh viTdn, don sach c6 dai vao mua mifa

- lam thuoc diet oc Deadline Bullet, Yellow-K vao

bong heo hoac trai chin hu" de lam ba, dat ndi sen, dc tap

trung thu'dng hay lui tdi, hoac dat giffa hai hang thanh long,

go'c vifdn

6 Cac loai bo canh cufng

Cdch gay hai

Bo canh ciJng thifdng gay hai cf v6 va tai trai gay vet

thifdng tao dieu kien cho nam benh va vi khuan gay hai

lam giam mau ma cua trai

Bien phdp phdng tril

- Ve sinh vu'dn, phat quang bui ram, c6 dai, bon phan

chuong hoai

- Bo trirdng thanh c6 kich thu'dc kha Idn, de phat hien

nen bien phap tot nhat la bat bang tay

- Bien phap hoa hoc: Co the diing cac loai thuoc hoa hoc nam trong danh muc cho phep cua Bo Nong nghiep & PTNT nhu* nhom Cue tong hdp de phun

Cdu can Bo xbe

7 Ruoi due trai:

Cdch gay hai

Ruoi due trai la do'i tu'dng nguy hiem va la dol tu'dng kiem dich rat khat khe cua nhieu nUdc tren the gidi Ruoi cai chich vao v6 trai va de tru'ng vao ben trong, ben ngoai

Idp v6 CO dau chich se bien mau nau, khi tru'ng nd thanh

gioi an pha ben trong trai lam thdi va rung trai

Ruoi due trai thanh long Trai thanh long bi

ruoi due trai gay hai

Bien phdp phon^ trie

- Ve sinh dong ruong, thu gom lieu huy trai rung

- Thu hoach trai chin kjp thdi

- A p dung bien phap bao trai

- Su" dung bay pheromone de diet ruoi difc (Flykil 95

EC, Vizubon-D): Tarn pheromone c6 tron thuoc trij" sau vao

mieng tham; Can vao bay va treo len cay; Tranh anh sang

chieu trifc tiep vao bay; M o i 2 tuan thay thuoc 1 Ian; Nen

treo bay dong loat tren dien rong

- Phun moi protein (SofriProtein, EntoProtein +

Fipronil 5% SC): Ruoi thanh triing can an protein de con

cai phat trien triJng, con difc phat trien tinh triing Uu diem

cija phu'cfng phap nay la giet ca ruoi cai va ruoi difc, lu'dng

thuoc trjj" sau suf dung it, an toan cho con triing c6 ich

8 Mot so' do'i tifgfng khac:

- D d : an trai thanh long chin, thu'cfng an nhieu dem

mot trai Co the cang lu'di bat, cho thuoc vao trai ddi an dd

de ddi tdi an va chet

- Ngai chich trai: gay hai chu yeu trong mCia mu'a

Bien phap phong trif chu dong bat vao ban dem hoac dat

bay ba

- Sau khoang: day la loai sau an tap phan Idn an c6

sau dd an tdi thanh long Yeu cau lam sach cd dai, bat sau

bang lay, neu mat do cao cd the dijng mot so' thuo'c de

phun xit nhu": thuoc nhdm sinh hoc (Abamectin va Bacillus thuringiensis)

CM y: Cac loai thuo'c trijf sau nhu dau khi su" dung de

phong trir sau hai tren thanh long cd qua se anh hu'dng den mau sac cua qua nen phai het siJc can than va phai dam bao thdi gian each ly cua mdi loai thuo'c khi su" dung

I I I M O T SO B E N H H A I T H A N H L O N G :

1 Benh than thrf

Tdc nhdn: Do nam Collectotrichum sp gay ra

Bac diem gay hai: Benh gay hai chu yeu tren hoa,

trai Tren hoa, nam tao thanh nhilng do'm den nho lam hoa

bi kho den va rung, tren trai gia va chin cd nhiJng do'm den hcJi tron 16m vao v6 Benh phat trien manh trong dieu kien thdi tie't ndng am, mu'a nhieu

B^nh than thU tren bong B^nh than thUtren trai

9

Bien phdp phbng trii

- Tia canh cho cay thong thoang, loai bo canh bi sau

benh, khong cho canh tiep xuc vdi daft

- Tieu huy cac canh, qua bi benh nang

- Phun thuoc phong trijf benh nhU Map super 300 EC,

Ringo-L 20 SC, Antracol 70WG, Avalon, Nativo, Tepro

super Cure super, khi dieu kien thdi tiet thuan loi cho

benh phat trien (mu'a nhieu)

- Chii y luan phien thuoc trong cac Ian xit de dat

hieu qua cao trong phong trij" benh than thu"

2 Benh tho'i be:

Tdc nhdn: do vi khuan Erwinia gay ra

Dqc diem gay hai:

Benh phat sinh manh vao miia he, nhiet do cao (30

-34OC) nang gay gat cac canh hu'dng phia tay bi hai nang

Luc dau ve't benh c6 mau vang, sau do vet benh Ian

rong va mong nu'dc, thoi phan thjt la chi de lai xu'dng la,

th^dng bi benh d chop non cua canh

lieiih thdi be

Bien phdp phong trii

- Chon ruong khong bi benh de lay giong trong

- Cat tia each ly nhffng canh bi benh, xuf ly vet cat bang nu'dtc Clo

- Quan ly nifdc to't (thoat het nu'dtc mCia mu'a, du am mua kho)

- Co the diing nhom thuoc goc dong hoac cac thuoc dac tri vi khuan (Kasai, Norshield, Avalon, Poner, Kasumin )

3 Benh mat ca:

Tdc nhdn: do nam Dothiorella sp gay ra

Dac diem gay hai:

Benh xuat hien cac vet tron mau den tren be la c6 nhiJng diem do da cam d giffa giong nhu' mat ca, cac vet benh c6 the Ian toan than, neu khong c6 bien phap tieu diet kip thdi benh lam giam kha nang quang hdp, anh hu'dng tdi nang suat, chat lu'dng trai

Canh bi b^nh mat cd

Bien phdp phbng trit:

- Trbng canh sach benh

- Tia canh thong thoang, cham soc vifdn chu dao

- Tranh de ruong ung vao mua mifa

- Phun thuoc Ridomil gold, Tilt super, Anvil, Score

4 Benh nam canh:

Tdc nhdn: do nam Macssonina agaves gay ra

Dac diem gay hai:

Tren canh c6 mot Idp bot mang mong mau xam xanh

phu len, lam cay giam quang hdp, anh hu'dng tdi nang suat

trai thanh long

Canh bi b?nh nam canh Cay bi b?nh nam canh

* Bi^n phdp phbng trif:

- Giong nhu" benh mat ca

5 Benh do tuyen trung:

Qua dieu tra thi/c te' cac vung trong thanh long trong

tinh xuat hien 3 - 5 loai tuyen trung tuy theo vung dat va

12

dieu kien canh tac Cu the nhu" tuyen triing gay not san re, tuyen trung gay thoi dau re, tuyen triing noi ky sinh

Co the phong trilf bang cac loai thuoc Map logic, Sincosin Agrispon, Mocap, Entocap )

6 Benh dd'm trang canh, qua (hay con goi la

Dom Nau)

Tdc nhdn gay benh:

Nam gay benh c6 ten khoa hoc la Neoscytalium din-udiatum (penz) Craus va Slippers

Dac diem gay hai

13

nhifng cham nho mau trang, tron deu, lorn, kich thiTdc

khoang 1- 3 mm (nhif mat diep luc), ve sau ve't benh

chuyen sang mau nau vang nhu* mau cua benh r i sat, phan

trung tam cua vet benh hcfi loi, ve't benh cang gia vet loi

cang nho cao tren mo ky chu ve sau Idn dan c6 kich thu'dc

khoang 3 - 5 mm, ve sau vet benh c6 the lien ket va gay

thoi tren canh thanh long

, Tren canh: benh hai chu yeu tren canh non va canh

banh te

Tren qua: benh hai ca qua non iSn qua gia va hai

nang khi thanh long chin Neu gap thdi tiet thuan IcJi nang

mu'a xen ke benh phat trien va lay Ian rat nhanh

Bien phdp quan ly benh

- Gid i phdp gidng

Cay giong: tuyel doi khong nhan giong thanh long tLf nhfrng cay va nhiJng virdn nhicm benh Chi siJ dung cay difdc xac dinh sach benh de lam vat lieu nhan giong Tranh van chuyen cac vat lieu trong c6 xuat xu* tij* nhiJng khu vifc bi nhiem benh sang khu viTc khac Kicm tra hom giong trong dam bao sach benh

- Bien phdp canh tdc

Tu'di nirdc day d i j vao budi sang; bon NPK can do'i, hdp ly, khong bon nhieu dam va lam dung cha't kich thich sinh trifdng lam cho canh mem ycu va ra choi non khong tap trung tao dicu kien cho benh phat sinh, phat trien Can tang cUdng bon them cac loai phan c6 chifa Kali, Canxi, Magic, Silic de tang siJc do khang cho cay

- Bien phdp ca gic'/i

Ve sinh dong ruong, don sach tan dLi* thUc vat tren vu-dn thanh long, cat tia canh sau thu hoach lam cho vu-dn thong thoang, loai bo canh nhicm benh dc loai bo mam benh tren cay thanh long Sau khi cat tia nen ihu gom lai

thanh dong, phun thuoc phong ngij'a irxi benh Cong viec

tren du'dc tien hanh thu'dng xuyen dac biet vao mCia mu'a

se cho hieu qua cao

Tham vifdn thiTdng xuyen, khi phal hien choi hi

nhiem benh can tien hanh cat bo va tieu buy (ebon, dot,

hay bo vao tiii nylon rai voi bpt va buoc kin )

Dung cu dupe su" dung trong vice cat bo nguon benh

can difdc diing rieng va ve sinh tru'cfc khi tia canh bang

each hd len ngon liJa

Bien phap tia tieu hiiy canh nhiem benh chi dat hieu

qua cao khi du'dc tien hanh dong loat va thu'dng xuyen tren

toan khu vifc bj nhiem benh

Doi voi nhUng viCbn bi benh, khong tiidi phu canh

vao buoi chieu toi

- Bien phap boa hoc Hien nay, chu'a c6 loai thuoc

nao dac trj benh

7 MOt so benh sinh ly khac:

Cay thanh long c6 the bi mot so benh sinh ly khac

nhu": vang canh sinh ly, dom rong canh, trang bac canh va

trai non bi di dang Day la bieu hien cua viec cham soc

nhu" thieu nu'cfc, c6 dai qua nhieu, thieu phan, ngap ung

Ngoai ra do nha chu'a thanh thao trong viec su"

dung phan bon la va chat kich thich tang tru'cfng tren trai

thanh long, nen lam cho thanh long chin khong deu (thu'5ng

gpi la lem), mau sac xau, tai thanh long bi mem vang anh

hudng Icfn den chat lifdng thanh long

IV NHlfNG VAN D E C A N LlJU Y

I SuT dung thuoc bao ve thi/c vat theo nguyen tac

4 dung

Dpc ky hifcfng dan sir dung tren bao bi thuoc tru'cfc khi suf dung

1 Diing thuoc

2 Dung nong dp lieu lu'png

3 Dung luc

4 Dung each

II Mot solifuy:

1 Tuyet doi khong lam dung thuoc bao ve thifc vat va chat kich thich sinh tru'dng cho Thanh long theo Chi thj 40/CT-UBBT ngay 16 thang 8 nam 2007 cua Chu tjch Uy ban nhan dan tinh Binh Thuan

2 Luon luon suf dung luan phien cac loai thuoc bao

ve thiTc vat

3 Tuyet doi phai dam bao dung thcfi gian each ly

4 Khong hon hpp qua nhieu loai thuoc va phan bon

la trong mot bmh phun

5 Chi suf dung thuoc bao ve thifc vat khi that can thie't theo nguyen tac I P M (Quan ly djeh hai tdng hpp)

CAC LOAI THUOC BAO VE THl^C VAT MA

NONG DAN BINH THUAN THl/OfNG Stf DyNG

CHO CAY THANH LONG

(Theo so lieu dieu tra cua Chi cue BVTV ve Tinh hinh

sv[ dung thuoc BVTV tren cay thanh long nam 2011 - 2012)

s n TSn thifflng mgi cay trQ'ng ddng ky Dd'i tirgfng

ddng ky trSn thanh long

Muc dich sir dyng cua ndng dSn

Thdj gian each ly

2 Vibamec 1.8 EC,

Terex 50EC, 90SP 50EC: doi due la, sSu

khoang/ dau tudng 90SP: sau khoang/ bjp cai, sau due qua/ dSu

3 Tiper - Alpha 5

EC, 10 EC Doi due qua/ nhan Chua Bp eanh eirng 14

4 Tiper 10 EC,

5 Actara 25 WDG 25WG: ray/ xoai;

6 Fastac 5 EC Bp trT, bo xit, ray/ liia,

7 Miretox 10WP 10WP: ray nau/ lua Chua Bp xoe 7

8 SoLrthsher 10EC,

25EC i

i

1

L

25EC: sau khoang/ lac 10EC: sau khoang/ lac Chua sau an tap 14

s n Tin thUdng mai cay tr6ng ddng ky Dd'i tUglng

dSng ky trgn thanh long

Muc dich

siJr dung

cua n5ng dSn

Thcfl gian each ly

9 Decis 2.5EC 2.SEC: sau xanh, rep/

thuoc la; sau khoang/

lac; r?p mupi/ earn Chua Bp canh ci/ng 3

10 Cymkill 10EC, 25EC

10EC: sau khoang/

bong vai

25EC: sau ve bua/

sau an tap,

11 Monster

40 EC,75 WP

40EC: sau tp/rau cai;

ray xanh/ che

75WP: ray/ dua,

rep sap/ ca phe Chua

Bp canh cirng,

12 Tungperin 10EC, 25EC

10EC, 25 EC:

sau xanh da lang/ d^u xanh; r$p sap/ ca phe; bp xit muoi, sau rom/ dieu Chi/a Bp canh ciing 14

1 Norshieid 86.2WG 86.2WG: than thif dieu,

suong mai/ ca chua Chua

Than thu, thoi trai,

2 Antraeol 70 WP 70WP: dom la/ bjp eai,

16 CO r§/ hanh; than thif xoai, ca phe, dieu; suonc mai/ nho, dua chu6t;

Than tha Than thu 7

3 Score 250EC Phan trang, cham xam,

suong mai/ nho, tao, xoai; than thu/ xoai;

dom canh/ thanh long Dom canh Than thU 3-14

4 Tilt Super 300EC Dom la/ l9c; ri sat/ dju

tUdng; dom den qua/

STT Ten thircrng m^i cay trbng ddng ky DQ'i \H(fng

ding ky

trSn thanh long

Muc dich sir dung cija ndng dSn

Thcri gian each ly

5 Avalon 8WP Dom canh/ thoi qua

thanh long

Dom canh thoi qua

Thoi qua,

Folicur 250 EW,

250WG, 430SC

250EW: dom la/ I9C, xoai; 250WG: vang la

do nam/ lua; 430SC:

vang la do nam/ liia;

x\S ly hat giong tri/ benh

6 Cure supe 300 EC Than thU/ xoai Chua Than thu 14

Cuproxat 345 SC loet/ cam, thoi qua do

Native 750 WG than thu/ xoai; dom la/

dua hau; rl sSt/ ca phe,

Thoi cuong trai 7

7 Ridomil Gold ; 68WP: moc suong/ nho;

68 WP, 68WG 1 than thu/ xoai Dom canh Than thu 7

68WG: than \hu/ xoai;

dom canh/ thanh long

III Nhom thud'c triT c6

1 Glyphosan 480 DD CO/ cSy an qua, ca phe Chua Co dai

2 Vifosat 240 DD,

480 DD

240DD: c6/ cao su, dat

khong trong trot, ca

phe; 480DD: c6/ cao su,

IV Chat kich thich sinh trirdng

1 Kich phat to la

h9t Thien Nong

GA-3

Kich thich sinh tmcing/

artiso, rau gia vi, day, nho, lam gia dSu

Chua Kich thich

sinh truting

2

2 Kich phat to hoa

- trai Thien nong

Kich thich sinh truSng

ca chua, crt bau Chua

Kich thich sinh tmSng 2

3 Falgro 10SP, 13T Kich thich sinh truSng/

nho, thanh long, dua ha'u, cam, bSp cai, che

Kfch thich sinh tru5ng

Kich thich sinh tmdng

3

sn T6n IhiTdng mai CSy tr6ng dSng ky Dal tucfng

ddng ky trgn thanh long

Muc dich sir dung ciJa ndng dSn

Wa\n each ly

4 Atonik 1.8 DD,

5 G

1.8DD: kich thich sinh

tru&ng/ rau hp thjp ti/,

cay CO mill, hoa, cSy

canh

5G: kich thich sinh

trubng/ rau, nhan

Chua Kich thich

sinh Xnibnq

3

5 Gibber 2SP, 2SL, 4T, 10SP, 10T, 20T

2SP: kich thich sinh

trufing/ rau can, xoai, cam, dua hS'u

2SL: kich thich sinh

trubng/ rau can, rau cai,

ca chua, che

4T:

kich thich sinh tafcing

Kich thich sinh tracing

3

5 Gibber 2SP, 2SL, 4T, 10SP, 10T, 20T

4T: kich thich sinh

trubng/ che, thanh long

4T:

kich thich sinh tafcing

Kich thich sinh tracing

3

5 Gibber 2SP, 2SL, 4T, 10SP, 10T, 20T

10SP: kich thich sinh

triibng/ xoai

10T: kich thich sinh

truSng/ che, hoa hong

4T:

kich thich sinh tafcing

Kich thich sinh tracing

3

5 Gibber 2SP, 2SL, 4T, 10SP, 10T, 20T

20T: kich thich sinh

tru&ng/ rau cai

4T:

kich thich sinh tafcing

Kich thich sinh tracing

3

6 Gibgra 10SP, 20T 10SP: kich thich sinh

tri^ng/ liia

20T: kich thich sinh

trubng/ rau cai, bjp cJi, thanh long

Chua Kich thich

sinh tmSng

7

7 ProGibb 10 SP,

T (20T), 40%WSG

10SP: kich thich sinh

truflng/ bjp cai, ca chua,

40%WSG:

Kich thich sinh tru&ng

Kich thich

sinh \nibng

7

7 ProGibb 10 SP,

T (20T), 40%WSG

T (20T): kich thich

sinh tru&ng/ rau can tay nho, cSy c6 mill, che

Kich thich

sinh \nibng