Dạy học theo chuẩn kiến thức, kĩ năng môn Tin học lớp 10

- Nen trinh bay cac thanh phan chinh trong mang may tinh ket hop v6i giao cu triic quan thiet bi vat li hoSc tranh... nay c6 the linh hoat hon: • Thai lirong cho m6i phan noi dung bai ho

004.071

DAY HOC THEO CHUAN KIEN THlTC, Kl NANG

m o n

DINH Hl/dNG DAY HQC THEO CHUAN KIEN THUfC, Kl NANG

THIET KE BAI HOC THEO CHUAN KIEN THiJC, Kl NANG

NHA XUAT BAN DAI HQC SU PHA^

I

HO CAM HA (Chu bien) - NGUYEN THE LQC

LE THUY THACH - NGUYEN CHI TRUNG

DAY HOC THEO CHUAN KIEN THIJnC, KI NANG

Ldp

* Djnh hudng day hoc theo chuan kien thut, ki nang

* Thiet kebai hoc theo chuan kien thut, kinang

NHA XUAT BAN DAI HOC SU PHAM

Ldi gi6i thieu 5 PHAN I D!NH H l / d N G DAY HOC TIN HOC 10

THEO CHUAN KIEN THLTC, KT N A N G 7

PHAN II THIET KE CAC BAI HOC TRONG SACH GIAO KHOA TIN HOC 10

THEO CHUAN KIEN T H C T C , KI NANG 17

t h u d n g 1 Mot so khai niem c d ban cua Tin hoc 17

A G i d l T H I E U C H a O N G 17

B, T H I E T K E C A C BAI H O C 18

§ 1 T i n h o c i a m o t n g a n h k h o a h o c 18

^ ^ Bai tap va thi/c tianh 1: L a m q u e n v 6 i t h o n g tin v a m a h o a t h o n g tin 29

' Bai tap va thuc hanh 2: L a m q u e n v d i m a y tfnh 40

Bai tap va thitc hanh 3: L a m q u e n v d i h e dieu h a n h 99

'* Bai tap va thi/c hanh 4: G i a o tiep v d i he dieu hanh W i n d o w s 103

Bai tap va thac hanh 5: T h a o tac v d i t e p v a t h u m u c 106

Chudng 3 Scan thao van ban 110

6 Din

h da ng v Sn b an

129

Bai tap

va thuc hanh 7:

D in

h da ng v Sn b an 1

t sochLT

c nSn

g kh ac

c con

g cu t ro g iu

p soa

n th ao

145

Bai tap

va tht/c hanh 8:

S ir d un

g mo

t s

o c on

g cu t ro g iu

p so an t ha

o 14

7

§1

9 Ta

o v

a l am viec v

di ba ng

B

ai ta

p v

a thiJ

c h an

h tdn

g ho

p 15

7

On t ap c uo

Oi TH IE

U CH L/

ON

G 16

3

B TH IE

T KE C AC B

AI HO

C 16

4

§2

0 Ma ng m ay ti'nh

164

§2

1 Ma ng t ho ng tin t oa

n ca

u I nt er ne

t 17

7

§2

2 Mo

t s

o d ic

h vu c

o b an c ua I nt er ne

t 18

3

Bai tap

va tht/c hanh 10:

S LT d un

g trin

h du ye

t In te rn

et Ex plo re

r 19

1

Bai tap

va tht/c hanh 11:

y t lm k ie

m th on

• Ngay 05/05/2006, Bo trirong 86 Giao due va Dao tao da kf Quyet diiih so 16/2006/QD-BGDDT vd viee ban hanh Chuong t i i n h Giao due pho thong

Co the: n o i : D i e m m o i eiia Chuong t n n h Giao due pho thong liin nay la dira Chuiin kien thire, kT nang vao thanh phiin eua Chucnig trinh Giao due pho thong, dam bao viee ehi dao day hoe, kieni tia, danh gia theo ehufin kien thi're,

ki nang tao nen su thong nhat trong ca nuoe Chu;1n kien thi're kT nang duoe ihi hien, cu the' hoa a eae chii 66 eua chuong trinh m o n hoc, theo t i m g lop hoc; dong thoi eung duge the hien a phan eudi eua chuong trinh m 6 i cap hoc

Trong eae ki thi tot nghiep Trung hoc pho thong, tuye'n sinh Dai hoc - Cao dang, O l y m p i c quoe gia va qudc te nhung nam gan day, nhi^u thu khoa la HS thuoc nhung vung cue k i kho khan vd didu kien k i n h te xa hoi, chua bao g i o

biet den Id liiyeii rlii\e biet co em la HS dan toe doat huy chuong vang

O l y m p i c Toan quoe te D a y la dii'u hieu ti'ch cue: Cac em HS chi can duoc nha

ban biet tu duy sang tao tren nen kien thirc kT nang co ban la co the dat ket qua cao trong cac k l t h i

N'hin chung, 6 cac trudng pho thong hien nay budc dau da van dung duge Cluian kien thi're, kT nang trong giang day hoc tap k i c m tra, danh gia; song

van chua dap I'rng dirge yeu eiiii ciia doi n i d i giao due pho thong, can phai duge

ticp tiic quan tam chu trong hon nua

Nham gop phan khac phuc han che nay, Nha xuat ban Dai hoc Sir pham

to chu'c bien soan xuat biin bg sach Day hoc theo Chuan kien thiie k i nang

Bo sach Day hoc theo Chudii kien thuc, ki nang giiip G V hieu ro hon, cu

the, ehi tiet, tirdng niinh cac yen cfiu co ban, tdi tliicu v6 kien thiie, kT nang cua Chuiin kien thuc kT nang de co the phat huy nang lire sang tao khong qiui Ic thuoc vao sach giao khoa va co the lien he v d i thuc tien lam cho bai day sinh dong ma khong lo '"cluiy giao an bo sot noi dung, ckiy lac de " dac biet la gop phan khac phiic tinh traiig qua lai, huon te trong giang day hoc tap

Cdu true chung cua

bp sdch gom ba

phdn chinh:

Plidii I:

D in

h hirdtn

g da

y ho

c T in hoc 1

0 the

o chuai

n kie

n thi'rc k

T nang

Trong cuon

Day hoc theo Chudn

kien thitc,

ki nang mon Tin

g pha

n pho

i

chirong tr in

h

Bo sac

h Day

hoc theo Chudn kien

thi'rc, ki nang c6

sir th

u nh

a kho

a hoc , nh

a s

u p ha

n, ca

c GV day gio

i a

dia p hu an

ca nirac

, h

6 t

rg thirc hie

i mo

i kie

m tra , d an

h gi

a tr on

g gia

o du

e ph

o thong

Nguyen H

ai Ch

au

;j Ph

o Vu trirang

V

u Gi ao due Tr

i

6

DINH HirONG DAY HOC TIN HOC 10

• • • •

THEO CHUAN KIEN THUTC, Kl NANG

1 V e c h u a n kien thuc, k i nang, thai do v a chirofng t n n h

Chuan k i e n thiic, kT nang la can c u phap l i cho n j p i hoat dong, tir viec bien soan (SGK, S G V , tai lieu b o i d u o n g G V ) , den tridn khai day hoc (xac d j n h m u c

tieu, n o i dung ciia qua t n n h day hoc, k'lim tra danh gia, d o i m d i phucmg phap

day hoc)

r V i e c hieu dung, hie'u sau s^c va n ^ m vung chuan kien thuc, kT nang la m o t

yeu cSu thiet yeu d o i v a i m 6 i G V va can b o quan l i giao due

D u d i day la toan van Chuan k i e n thirc, kT nang m o n T i n hoc I d p 10 duoc ban hanh trong Quyet d i n h so 1 6 / 2 0 ( ) 6 / O D - B G D & D T ngay 05 thang 05 n a m

2006 cua Bo trudng Bo G i a o due va D a o tao

Mot so khai niem cd ban cua Tin hoc

• Biet daoc su" phat trien manh me cua Tin hoc do nhu cau cua xa hoi

• Biet cac dSc trung UU viet cua may tinh

• Biet dUdc mot so ifng dung cua Tin hoc

va may tinh dien tu" trong cac hoat dong cua doi song

- Lay cac vi du ve ung dung Tin hoc trong doi song thudng ngay

• Biet cac dang bleu dien thong tin trong may tinh

7

Ch ud

e Mure

do c an d

at Gh

• Bie

t ca

c h

e d em c

a s

o 2 , 1

6 tron

g bie u'

dien thong tin

3 Gi6

i thie

u

ve m

li

J

Vo

n Ne um an

e ma

y tin

h

de giai thich

- GV chi da

n ca

c b

p

phan cua may tin

h ta

i

phong may

t toan

5 Ngo

n ng

u may ,

hop ngCr v

a ngo

n ng

U ba

c cao

ay tinh : xa

c din

h ba

i to an ,

xay du ng va lUa ch on thuat to an , lu

a

ch on cau true d

u lieu , vie

t ch uo ng trinh,

hieu ehinh, dU

SLf du ng

7 Phan m e m

may ti'nh

Kien thut

• Biet khai niem phan m e m may tinh

• Phan biet duoc phan m e m he thong va phan m e m Cfng d u n g

- Ke dupe cac loai phan

• Biet dupe ling dung chu yeu cua Tin

hoc trong cac ITnh VL/C doi song xa hoi

• Biet rang c 6 the sCr dung mot so chu'dng trinh ifng dung de nang cao hieu qua hoc tap, lam viec va giai tri

- Lay cac Ung dung Tin hoc trong truong, 6 dia phuong de minh hoa

• Biet du'pc nhC/ng v a n de thupc vSn hoa

va phap luat trong xa hoi tin hoc hoa

Thai do

• C o hanh vi va thai d p dung d ^ n ve nhC/ng van de d a o dire lien quan den viec SLTdung may tinh

- Nen gidi thieu mot so dieu luat, nghi dinh ve ban quyen, chong toi pham Tin hoc cua nude ta

II He d i e u h a n h

1 Khai niem

he dieu hanh

Kien thub

• Biet khai niem he dieu hanh

• Biet chLfc nang va cac thanh phan chinh cua he dieu hanh

- Khong gan CLfng v a o mot he dieu hanh c u the nao, ma trinh bay nhung nguyen li chung

- He dieu hanh dupe xet dudi goc do ngudi scrdung

2 Tep va quan

li tep

Kien f/7uc

• Hieu khai niem tep va quy tac dat ten tep

• Hieu khai niem thu" muc, cay thu" muc

Ki nang

• Nhan dang dUpc ten tep, t h u muc, duong d a n

• oat duoc ten tep t h u m y c

- Can xay dUng c a c bai thuc hanh va to chUc thuc hien tai phong m a y

de HS dat dupe nhUng

- Phan biet cac each

a tep , dd

i te

n tep , ta

o v

a xo

a

thJ muc

i chuyen , dd

i te

n thu '

muc v

a tep

• .'

n ba

n (k

i

tLf, tilr , cau , dong , doan , trang)

o vS

n ban ,

ghi tep

10

• Biet each in van ban

Kinang

• Dinh dang dyoc van ban theo mau

- Can xay dUng cac bai thUc hanh va to chLfc thi/c hien tai p h o n g m a y

de HS dat duoc nhung

kl nang theo yeu cau

de HS dat du'Oc nhUng

kT nang theo yeu cau

- Can xay dyng cac bai thuc hanh va to chLfc thUc hien tai phong may

de HS dat duoc nhUng k l nang theo yeu cau

IV Mang may tinh va Internet

• Biet khai niem mang may tinh

• Biet mot so loai mang may tinh

- Nen trinh bay cac thanh phan chinh trong mang may tinh ket hop v6i giao cu triic quan (thiet bi vat li hoSc tranh

u d

e MiJrc d

o ca

n da

t Ghi

ng

trong Internet

Kien thiic

• Bie

t kha

i n ie

m tran

g W eb , We bs ite

m kie

m thon

g tin , thu

"

dien tir

Ki nang

• SL

T d un

g dj oc trinh duyet We

Internet

• Th uc hien d uo

c vie

c gCr

i v

a nh an t

ha

dien tLT

- Ca

a ptiu'On

g c

6

the gioi thie

2.1 Ve noi dung

vci can true ^

,, ? ;

II) Car iigi iliiiiq

n Internet

h) CliKo'iig ti'iii/i chi

tii't vd I'lu'iii ho

hoc 20

tict (16

LT 13 BT&TH IKT)

§7 Phan m6m may tinh

§8 Nhung img dung cua Tin hoc

Chirang 2 He dieu hanh 12 tier (8LT 4 BT& TH 0 BT)

§ 10 Khai niem ve he di^ii hanh

§ 1 1 Tep va quan If tep

§12 Giao tiep voi he diau hanh

Bai tap va thirc hanh 3 Lam quen voi he dieu hanh

Bai tap va thirc hanh 4 Giao tiep voi he d\iii hanh Windowns

Bai tap va thirc hanh 5 Thao tac voi tep va thir muc

§ 13 M o t so he dieu hanh thong dung

Chuong 3 Soan thao van ban 20 tiet (S LT HBT&TH 4BT)

§14 Khai niem v6 soan thao van ban

§15 Lam quen voi Microsoft W o r d

Bai tap va thirc lianh 6 L a m quen v o i Word

§ 16 D i n h dang van ban

Bai tap va thirc hanh 7 D i n h dang van ban

§ 17 Mot so chirc nang khac

§ 18 Cac cong cii trg giup soan thao

Bai tap va ihuc hanli 8 Sir dung mot so cong cu trg giup soan th

§19 Tao va lam vice voi bang

Bai lap va ihirc hanh 9 Bai lap va ihirc hanh long hop

Chirang 4 Mang may tinh va Internet 12 tie) (6LT 4BTSc TH

§20 Mang may tinh

§ 2 1 Mang thong tin loan can Inlcrnel

§22 Mot so dich vii co ban cua Internet • : Bai tap va thirc hanh 10 Sir dung trhih duyct Internet Fixplorer

Bai tap va ihuc hanh 1 1 Thir dien tiV va may tim kicm thong tin

2 BT)

13

' c) Mot so

cliu y cjiiaii trgiig

• Mo

t s

o kh

h h in

h xa

c dcin , chi

r kh on

oi ch un

g SG

K din

h nghl

a

theo each m

h x ik voi logi

c tha

t si

r cha

t che

• Ta

o d\6u

k ie

g thiia

t ngi

r tien

g An

n Tin hoc

• Pha

n gid

i thie

u ma

y tin

h kh on

g nha

n m an

h, mo

t s

o kh

ai nie

m duo

c mo

a n him

g gid

biet

cac kh

ai nie

m dd V

I va

y kh

sun cac

kien tlit'fc ndng cao

kliac

• Tr on

g SGK , vie

c trin

h ba

y mo

t ba

i toan Hiei

u k ha

i n ie

m thua

t toa

n

ndi ch un

g v

a hie

u qu

a tr in

+

Ki nan

g k ho

i dong/ta

t may ,

+ K

T nan

g si

i d un

g pha

n m em

+ K

T nan

g kh

t,

+ K

T nan

g tlm k ie

m thdn

g t in tren m an

g ban

g Interne

t Explorer , tao

• Vd

il) Mot

so chi'i

V khi

si'f dung tai lieu

ndv:

Nh un

g y tirdng

n thuc , k

c ba

i soa

n d day ch

i d

c tha

m kha

o kh

h ba n" to

h hin

h cii the v

g dd

i tirpng*

14

nay c6 the linh hoat hon:

• Thai lirong cho m6i phan noi dung bai hoc chi la du kien, phan anh duoc phan nao moi quan tam den nhimg kien thuc, k l nang co ban, trong tani cua noi dung tiet hoc

• V o i quan diem yeu cau HS hoat dpng tich cue de tiep thu duoc kien thuc

va ren luyen dugc k l nang, phan eung c6 a cuoi m 6 i tiet hoc duoc danh nhieu

thoi gian de HS hoat dong tren nhCrng kien thuc cua tiet hoc do Bai tap 6 cuoi mot so tiet hoc chu yeu la trac nghiem va co the chia lam 2 loai: co ban va

nang cao G V tuy theo doi tuong HS va dieu kien cu the di sir dung nhung bai

tap nang cao khi cung co Thong qua viec lam bai tap, HS tiep tuc tiep thu,

Cling CO kien thirc va t u danh gia diroc ket qua thu nhan duoc trong tiet hoc

Neu khong con du thoi gian cho HS lam duoc het va chCra het cac bai tap 6 phan nay, G V c6 the' chon (cho cung co kien thirc) mot so cau tijy theo tlnh hinh thuc te Nhung bai chua lam tren lop, G V nen giao cho HS lam 6 nha hoac cung c6 the' lay trong so bai tap do nhung bai cho kiem tra 15 phiit hay kidm tra 1 tiet

Cac bai tap trong SGK cung nhu trong sach bai tap bao g6m nhi^u mi'rc do khac nhau va khong doi hoi nhat thiet HS phai lam tiit ca, khong doi hoi G V phai chua tat ca (neu khong dii thoi gian) Tai lieu nay chuain bi cho phuong an tat ca cac bai dSu duoc G V chua hay huong dSn cho HS lam tren lop, voi tong

thoi luong C O the' virot mirc phan pho'i chuong trinh Do vay, trong tai lieu khong CO du kien thoi lugng cho nidi bai d phan chua bai tap

•i

- Phan II

THIET KE CAC BAI HOC TRONG SACH GIAO KHOA

TIN HOC 10 THEO CHUAN KIEN THUfC, Kl NANG

ir

I G i d l THIEU CHUtJNG

1 Chuan kien thuc, kl nang can dat

* Chud'n kien thucc

- Biet sir ra d o i va phat trien manh me ciia T i i i hoc do nhu cau khai thac tai

nguyen thong t i n cua con nguoi

- Biet cac khai niem vt thong tin va dO lieu, bidu didn cac dang thong tin

trong may tinh

- Biet cac thanh phan chinh cua he thong t i n hoc, sa do cau triic cua may

tinh, mot so thiet bj cua may tinh

- Biet noi dung ciia nguyen If J V o n N e u m a n n

- Biet cac khai niSm bai toan va thuat toan

- Biet va hieu thuat toan giai m o t so bai toan don gian

- Biet khai n i e m ngon ngir lap trinh, phan m e m , cac bitoc giai bai toan tren

may tinh , r ,

- Biet cac ung dung ciia T i n hoc trong m o i mat hoat dong cua xa h o i

* Chudn kl ndng

- M a hoa duoc mot so thong tin don gian thanh day bit •

- X a y d i m g diroc thuat toan giai mot so bai toan don gian

TH'J VIEN TIV;H:-,:.V;-! THUANI 1 7

va

te n§ So

tiet

li thuye

t So

tiet ba

i ta

p

va thirc hanh So

T KE C AC B AI

OC «

§1

TI

N HOC L

A MO

T NGAN

H KHOA H

OC

I Chua

n kie

n thirc , k

6 dd

i tirong, no

cun rieng

II Phuon

- Phiron

g tien: ma

d ba

c THPT thon

ling dung va tam quan trong ciia Tin hoc, tu

HS thay dirge nhimg urrfg dung trong moi nganh nghe cung nhir nhimg ich Igi

to Ion cua Tin hoc

- Mat khac, can giilp HS hieu ro hoc Tin hoc khong chi la hoc sir dung

may ti'nh Ngoai k l nang sii dung may tinh, mon Tin hoc a bac ph6 thong con

truyen dat nhirng kien thuc pho thong ve nganh khoa hoc Tin hgc

- Khong nen bat HS hgc thuge long khai niem Tin hgc Coi trgng viec

hi6u hon la hgc thugc De kiim tra sir hieu cua HS, c6 th6 yeu cau cac em tlm

V I du

III Tien trinh day hoc i

On dinh Icfp: 2 phiit |

Hoat dgiig I: Tim hieu ihig clung cua Tin hgc va may tiiili dieii ti'f

GV M o ddu Phat van: Chac rSng ai trong cac

em cung tirng nghe noi v6 Tin hgc, may

tinh dien tir ( M I D T ) Tai sao ngay nay Tin

hgc lai dugc di cap nhieu trong mgi ITnh virc

cua xa hgi?

GV Giai thich Ghi hoac chieu muc 1 cgt ben

len bang

GV Phat van Em nao c6 the chi ra mot nganh

nghe ma khong co sir tham gia ciia Tin hgc,

cua M I D T ?

HS Tra loi (muc 2 cgt ben)

GV can C O von hieu biet rgng de chi ra nhimg

lien he cua nhimg nganh nghe do voi Tin hgc

GV Tong ke't Nhir cac em da thay, ngay nay

gan nhu bat cir mot nganh nghe nao, mgt ITnh

virc nao trong xa hgi cung deu van dung Tin

1 Trong vai thap ki gan day,

xa hgi loai ngiroi c6 sir bung

no ve thong tin Thong tin tro thanh mgt trong nhimg nguon tai nguyen quan trgng nhat cua mgt dat niroc Tin hgc ngay cang c6 nhieu img dung trong hau het cac ITnh virc cua xa hgi Dien hinh nhu:

- Trong cac nganh cong nghiep che' tao, M I D T dieu khien cac day chuyen san xuat tir dgng, hg trg cac ki su trong viec thiet ke, mg phong

- Trong C O quan, cong so,

MTDT la cgng cu dac lire de quan li ho so, in an giay to cong van

- Trong ITnh virc truyen thgng Tin hgc va m;ing internet da lam nen cugc (*;'\ch mang voi phirong thirc lien lac, cung cap nhimg cong cu lien lac nhanh, thuan tien voi

hoc v

a M TO

T di

lam tang nan

h

Nh

d c

6 Tin hoc,

Hoat dg/ig 2: Giffi

thieit vai trd va nln7?ig dac

tiiili i(u viet cua

MTDT 10pli

GV Pha

t van C

o pha

i ho

c T in hoc l

c tin hoc khon

Nh iin

n ng

u la

p trinh , ca

t khac , ho

GV Pha

t van M ay tinh d

- La

i mo

t

chiec di

a DV

n dung

, gi

a

thanh re

Hoat dgiig 3: Tim

hieu kluii iiieui, cong

cu vd doi tifgiig

ngliieii ci'fu

cua Till lioc

GV Chii y: Tranh hoc thuoc long Phai nkn duoc:

tin hoc = khoa hoc nghien cuu thong tiji

Cu the la nghien ciiu khia canh nao cua thong

tin? Do la phucfng phap thu thap, luu trO, t i m

kiem, truySn, bien doi thong tin mot each tir

dong

The nao la t u dong? la su dung M T D T ?

va su dung M T D T de' nghien cuu cau true, tinh chat cua thong tin, phuong phap thu thap, luu tru, t i m kiem, bien doi, truydn thong tin va ung

dung va6 cac ITnh vue khae

nhau eiia doi song xa hoi

M T D T vua la cong cu nghien

euru vixa la muc tieu nghien

cuu cua Tin hoc Cong cu nghla la tin hoc sir dung

M T D T de thuc hien cac thao tac xir l i thong tin Muc tieu nghla la Tin hoc nghien cuu che tao sao cho M T D T ngay eang hoan thien

IV Bai tap co ban (GV ra de va chua tai lop: 10 phiit)

Hay danh dau vao nhung menh d6 diing

A Tin hoe la khoa hoc v6 each sir dung may tinh

B Tin hoc la nganh khoa hoc nghien cuu phuong phap x u If

va truySn thong tin

C May tinh la cong cu nghien cuu cua T i n hoc

D May tfnh la doi tuotig nghien cuu cua T i n hoe

E Gan nhu moi ITnh vuc trong doi song ngay nay

d6u C O su gop mat cua Tin hoc va may ti'nh

F May tinh uu viet hon con nguai d kha nang suy d'lin va tutVng tuong •

G May tinh co kha nang lam vice lien tuc va gan nhu khong bao gid

(F) sai V I voi cong nghe hien nay, kha nang suy dien cua may tinh con thua

xa bo nao eon nguoi, con kha nang tuong tuong thi gan nhu chua co

Ciie menh d6 con lai diu dung

21

§2 THONG TIN V

A DCLI

EU

I Chua

n kie

n thiic , k

g thon

g tin, ca

a ca

c bo

i cii

a bit

- Phuon

g tien: ma

h than

h ne

n

khai niem

V can tcip trung da

- Phat bieu ve dang dau phSy dong a trang 13 SGK c6 the gay hi6u nham:

"moi so thirc deu c6 the' bieu d i l n dupe dudi dang ± M xlO**^ Nguai doc

CO the h'liu sai rang M va K la cac so hfai han cu ihi nao do Thirc ra neu bieu di^n cac so v6 t i (pi, yfl ) theo each do thi M se f o v6 han chir so, con

K = +00 lam cho may khong the liru trir noi Cau nay phai dupe hieu la: "Trong may tfnh moi so thirc dirpc xap x i hoa dudi dang ± M x l O ^ va chiing ta chiu sai so trong gioi han chap nhan dupe nao do"

I I I Tien trinh day hoc

On dinh lop hpc, kie'm tra bai triroc, nhan xet va danh gia: 5 phiit

GV Thong tin c6 the' dupe hieu theo

nghia ta vSn dung hang ngay Nhung

hieu biet ve nipt ddi tupng thi dupe gpi \A

thong tin v6 doi tupng do

GV Ghi/chieu cot ben

GV May tinh la cong cu de x u l i thong

tin, thong tin sau khi dua vao may tfnh

thi dupe chuye'n thanh d u lieu Noi each

khiic, du lieu la thong tin da dupe ma

hoa 6 ben trong may tfnh

V i du: Cac thong tin vd ho Guom la:

- Nam a quan Hoan Kieni, thanh

pho Ha N p i

- Giua ho CO Thap Riia., ' ,

GV Thong tin hieu theo nghla dinh tfnh

nhu tren rat kho do dem Nguoi ta dua ra

don v i : bit (viet tdt eiia binary digit - so

nhi phan) 6i do lupng thong t i n

GV Ghi/chieu khai niem cot ben

GV Phat van Cac em hay t l m vf dii ve

nhung vat eo 2 trang thai de minh hoa bit

HS Co the^ se neu nhung vi du nhu:

- bit la thong tin cho biet trang thai dong

xu sap hay ngua

- bit la thong tin cho biet trang thai den

tat hay bat

Khai niem: Bit la don vi co ban do

thong tin, do la lUpng thong tin dii

de xac dinh mot doi tupng dang a

trang thai nao trong 2 trang thai ma

-Byte = 8 bit

- K

B (kil

o byte) =

1024 byt

e

- MB (mega byte

1024 M

B

-TB(ter

a byte) =

hieu ccic dang thong

tin trong d&i song

7pli

GV DS

n dat: Tron

g dor

i song, thon

GV Ghi/chie

u co

t ben

g noi

, a

m

thanh radio, co

i xe, tron

g truon

g

Hoat doHg 4: Tim liieii viec mii hod thong tin trong tndy tinh 15 ph

GV DSn dat: Cac dang thong tin tren chi

CO con ngudi mdi nhan biet va xir If

dugc, con may tfnh chi xir h' dirge thong

tin a dang chu6i bit V I vay muon may

tfnh hieu va x u h', thong tin ca« phai

dugc bien doi sang dang day bit, viec do

ggi la ma hoa thong tin V f d i i : Ta quy

udc trang thai bat - tdt ciia bong den

dugc bieu dien tuong ung boi so 1 va 0,

nhu vay chu6i bit 1010 se bieu di6n

thong tin ve chu6i bong den nhu sau:

GV Ma rgng: Vay lam the nao de may

tfnh hieu dugc van ban: cac chu cai, chu

so, dau, kf hieu ? Ta ciing phai ma hoa

chiing thanh cac day bit Cong cii d^ lam

viec do la cac Bg ma Trudc kia nguai ta

su diing bg ma c6 ten la ASCII, con hien

010000010100001001000010

01000001

Hoat dgng 5: Tim hien cac plnWng phdp hiei( dien thong tin trong

may tinh

GV D3n dat: Chiing ta da biet rSng trong

cugc song thong tin c6 the' c6 nhiSu dang

khac nhau nhu van ban, hinh anh, am

thanh nhimg may tfnh thl chi nhan biet

dugc mot dang thong tin duy nhat la day

bit Vay van dt a day la lam the nao

chuyen doi nhiing dang thong tin khac

thanh ra day bit va ngugc lai?

Chung ta se Ian lugt t i m hieu each

chiiyc'n doi tung loai sang dang day bit

HoLit dgng 6: Tim

hieii each chuyen tlioiig

fin cicino soiigiiyen sang

dung day l)it

it dun

g

cho m ay ti'nh lai l

a s

o a

he n

hj phan V

g n

hi

phiin va ngugc

ai

GV Ghi/chie

u kha

i nie

GV Ta

p l uy en : Ca

c e

m c ho biet s

o n

hi

phan lOOK bieu diSn trong he thap phan

la bao nhieu?

GV Gia

i da

p 1 00

K = 9,o

GV Pha

t van : S

o 6 duoc viet nh

u th

e na

o

trong he n

hi phan

?

GV 6,

„=

1 10 ,

GV Ghi/chie

u mu

c "

Ca ch chuydn

n" a

cot ben

GV Cuo

i ciuig , da

m t ru bang 1 bit (1

la

dau

am, 0 la dau duong)

Ngoai h

e n

hi phii

n ra , tron

g t in hoc ngudi

ta co

n dun

g h

e hexa , tiJ

c l

a h

e d em c

0 , 1 , 2 ,.

9,

A ,

B

C,

D ,

E, F trong

do A

B, C , D , E , F c6 gia t

ri

tuong im

g l

a 1

0, 11 , 1

2, 13 , 1

GV Ghi/chie

u mii

c "

Vi d

u v

d h

e h ex a" 6 '

cot ben :

Kh

ai nie m: H

Xet v

f d

u sau :

10 11 =

1x2- + 0 x2 '+

10

Cach chuyen

ai le

n

6 2

2

Vl' du

\t h

e hexa :

2E

|, = 2 xl 6' + 14 X 16

"-46

,0

Hoat dgng 7: Tint

liieii idcli viniyen thong

tin dang

so tini'c saitg

dgng day l)it

i pha

n ho

a

cac so ' nguyen , tic

ngliTa la bie'ii di6n chiing ditoi dang day

bit de may ti'nh hieu va xir h' dugc

GV Trong may tfnh moi so thirc dirge

xap xi hoa diroi dang dau phay dgng:

±M xlO"*^ trong do M la phan dinh tri

(0,1 < M < 1), K la mot so ngiiyen khong

am dirge ggi la phdn bae

GV Sail do, may tfnh se bieu dien cac

thong tin: dan eiia so, so M , dan cua K

va so nguyen K theo each da lam voi cac

so nguyen d phan tren

V i du: 12345,67 dirge bieu d i l n duoi dang 0,1234567x10'

Hogt dgng 8: Tim hieu each chuyen thong tin dang phi so sang

GV Nhir da noi d tren (Hoat dgng 4), eo

the h'liu d'ltn eae k i tir bang day bit

thong qua mot bg ma nao do, chiing han

nhu ASCII hay Unicode

V i du: xau k i tir ' T I N ' bieu diSn boi 3

byte sau:

01010100 01001001 01001110

GV Khai quat lai van d6 bang each phat

bieu Nguyen If ma hoa nhi phan 6 cgt ben

Tliong tin eo nhidu dang khi'ic nhau nhu so, van ban hinh anh, am thanh khi dira vao may tfnh ehung deu dirge bien doi thanh dang day bit

IV Bai tap co ban

/ Dien vao cho trong trong cac nienh de sent:

( A ) Thong tin phai dirge chuyen sang dang day bit triroc khi dirge may tfnh xir If V I

(B) Tcirn bit tao thanh don vi ggi la

(C) Di ma hoa mot kf tir trong bang ma ASCII can byte , , ^.j ' i

(D) Thong tin dang van ban hlnh anh, am lhanh dirge ggi chung la dang thong tin

27

2 Hiiy

ghep cue nine thong

tin d hai cot clifcfi day

de tao.thdnh nhUiig tnenh

de hoan chi'nh

(A ) Tli on

g ti

n l

a

(1) so

, va

n ban , hin

h anh , a

m than

h

(B) Th on

g ti

i nhie

u

dang khac nha

u n hu

(2) da

y bi

t

(C) Am thanh,

bit

(D )'N hi mg k

i t

u tre

n ba

o ch

i, tre

n bi

a

da la

(4) thon

g t in dang ph

(5) thon

g t in dang va

)2 va

16

3 Xi

'tc dinh nienh de

dung trong cdc can

sail day

(A ) 1

B = m

ot trie

u byte (E ) DO

: l ie

(B) 1

B = m

ot nga

n byte (F ) D

n ban , hin

h anh , a

B (G )

Ma n

(D ) 1638

4 byt

e = 16 K

B

(H ) H

e d em thuong

d un

4 Hay doi cdc

so thap phan sail

day sang each hieu

dien nhi phan: 5,

hit U) dang thong

tin diiy iihat iiid

may tinh xi'fli difgc

(B) byt

e ,.

'

(C) mo

t um^.

ji^'mA-j mif '

(D ) p

MB =

1048576 hyte

(H )s ai:

1 K B=

1024 byte

(F) sai: thong tin ben ngoai c6 nhieu dang khac nhau, nhung khi vao trong

may ti'nh thi chi c6 mot dang la day bit

(G) diing

(H) sai: He dem thircfng dung trong tin hoc la he nhi phan va he hexa

4 Cdch lam: cliia lien tiep cho 2 roi lay cliiidi so ilif theo tliii' tif iigirac tCf

clif&i I en ta c6:

5= 101,; 7 - I I K ; 16= 10000,; 31 = 11111, i

Bdi tap vd thuc hdnh 1

L A M Q U E N V(3l T H O N G T I N vA M A H O A T H O N G T I N

I Muc dich yeu cau >

- Cling C O hieu biet ban ddu v6 tin hoc va may tinh

- Su dung bp ma ASCII de'ma hoa xau ki tu, so nguyen J us.;;

- Bieu d\tn dugc so thuc duai dang dau phaiy dpng

II Phirofng phap va phirotig tien day hoc

- Thuyet trinh ket hop voi phat van va su dung hoc lieu true quan

- Thoi luong: 45 phiit (1 tiet)

III Tien trinh day hoc

On djnh lop hoc, kiem tra bai truac, nhan xet va danh gia: 5 phiit

Hout (long 1: Lam bai tap (a) SGK tiaug 16 deCi'mg co kien tlii'fc

ve Tin hoc va vai trd ci'ia md\ 15 ph

GV Chia lop thanh cac nhom tu 3 - 5 em Chang han moi ban la mot nhom

GV Yeu cau HS lam bai tap (al), (a2), (a3) trang 16 SGK Cac nhom c6 the

thao luan voi nhau At di den thong nhat

HS Lam bai tap trong 5 - 8 phut

GV Yeu cau tirng nhom bao cao ket qua, sau do cho cac nhom khac gop y

29

GV Chu

a bai, da

p a

n nh

u sau:

(al) '

A.

May tinh v6 the

thay the hoan toan

iho con ngifdi trong

ITnh vifc tinh toan u kh i nh n ngud e co y th e tha a th h chu y tin c ma h vu u ITn n nhie Sai: co

hoc silt clung nu'iy

tinh.

Sai

MTDT chi l

u

Cac phuong

an (C) v

a (D) l

a dung "

'

(a2) Phucfn

g a

n (B) l

a diing

g ha

n bi

t 1 — "nam"

Ai = 010101010

1

Hoat dcpng 2: Lam

bcii tap (h) vc)

(c) SGK fnmg 16

g 1

6 SGK Ca

u y HS khi tr

V = -01010110' ;

-N"

=

•OiOOIllO' ; 'T' = -OIOIOIOO' ;

1 101110'

^ :-

a tri

) dt

ma hoa so -27, tfii

1 byt

e

(c2) 1100

5 = 0,11005x

10';

25,879 = 0,25879

x 10"

; 0.00098

4 0,984

x l

O"

';

Hoat (long 3: Liini

hi)i tap 1-5 SGK

GV Yeu cau tirng nhom bao cao ket qua, sau do cho cac nhom khac gop y

!.GV Chira bai:

(1) Xem lar vi dii vt nhfrng dang b'\tu dien thong tin (van ban, hinh anh, am

thanh) d trang 8 - 9 SGK

(2) Bo ma Unicode ra doi sau, kich thucfc ]6n hon so voi bo ma ASCII cho

phep chiia dung cac ngon ngu ciia nhi6u nude tren the gidi (Anh, Nga, Arap, chCr Viet ) G V c6 th6 vao Word, muc Insert/Symbol, chon font Times New

Roman di HS quan sat bo chu viet cua cac nuoc ki tren

(3) He Hexa sir dung cac kf hieu: 0, 1 8 , 9, A , B, C, D , E, F

(4) Xem lai SGK trang 1 2 - 1 3

(5) Diing •

§3 G i d l THIEU VE M A Y TINH

1 Chuain kien thirc, ki nang can dat

- Biet chitc nang cac thiet bj chinh cua may tfnh

- Biet may tinh lam viec theo nguyen If J V o n Neumann

- Nhan biet dircfc cac bo phan chinh ciia may tinh

2 Phuong phap va phmmg tien day hoc

- Thuyet trinh ket hop voi phat van va sir dung hoc lieu true quan

- Phircfng tien: phan bang hoac may chieu

biet la vai tro quan If va dieu khien cua ngiroi sir dung

- Khai niem ""hp iilia rroiii^^' diroc dong khung d cuoi trang 20 SGK chi

diing voi R A M , khong ap dung diroc cho R O M

- HS chira diroc hoc khai niem chirong trinh he thong ncn khai niem \'6

R O M a rrang 21 c6 the phiit bieu lai: ""ROM la loai bo nho irong chira mot so

chirong trinh dieu khien thiet yeu doi voi boat dong cua may tinh va dirge hang

31

i ma

y xua

t xuong D

O lie

u tron

g RO

i d

u n hu k ho ng can gid

a

trang 2

4 SGK Ch

III Tie

m tr

a ba

i truoc , nha

n xe

t v

a dan

h gia : 5 phiit

g Thoi gia

n

Hoat dgiig 1: Tim

liieii khai niem He

thong Tin hoc

n ie

GV

G ia

3

thanh phdn:

• Pha

n CLin

g

g6m cac lin

i

nghe )

• Pha

n me m: l

i s

u dung

: qua n

ti

n

Hoat dgng 2: Tim

hi en

so do can tn'ic

i lia nidv tinh

15 ph

Thiet b

i vao

Bo nhd ngoai

so'

khien hoc/logic

Bp nho trong

Tliiet b

i

ra

GV Giai thich nhu cot ben

GV Sau day chiing ta se Ian luot t i m hieu tCmg

thanh phan trong so do

Co rat nhi6u loai may tfnh khac nhau nhung chiing d6u

CO chung so do cau triic nhu

tr6n Cac m u i ten trong so do bieu t h i luong thong tin trao doi gii5a cac bo phan

GV Giai thich ten va chuc nang ciia CPU

CPU cLia hai hang san xuat Ion nhat, Intel va

A M D NhiJng hang cham trSng la cac chan

ckm cua CPU

Ten goi: CPU = Central Processing Unit, dich ra la

"Bo xiJr If trung tam" hay

"Don v i x u If trung tam" Chiic nang: CPU la bo phan quan trong nhat ciia may tfnh, thuc hien phan Ion nhung thao tac tfnh toan x u If va di6u khien cac bo phan khac cua may tfnh thuc hien nhiJng phan viec con lai

Cau tao ben trong CPU: gom

4 thanh phan chfnh:

- Bo 6\iu khien (Control

Unit): didu k h i l n cac bo phan trong may tfnh

CO toe do truy xuat rat nhanh,

dicing de luu tru nhung thong tin tam thoi hoac thuong xuyen duoc diing den

Hogt dgng 4: Phan logi va tim hieu vai trd ciia cac logi hg nha trong 15 ph

GV Dan ddt: Giong nhu con nguoi, may ti'nh

cung can mot "to giay nhap" de ghi nhung ket

qua tarn thoi trong khi thuc hien hang t i phep

tinh toan va xir If Sau day chiing ta se t i m hieu

" t d giay nhap " trong may tinh c6 cau tao ra

sao

- Phan loai: Bp nhd trong c6

the chia lam 2 loai: R A M va

R O M

• R A M la noi chuong trinh dupe dua vao de thuc hien va

33

- Te

n goi: B

o nh

d trong, ha

Mot than

h lin

h kie

n (chip) R

";^j

Chip ROM cua hang AMIBI

OS

dtrgc cay tren bang mach

la no

i km tru diJ lie

u dan

g

dugc x

u li Thon

, ngud

i s

u

dung khong

the xoa hay

thay

doi dugc D

thiet

yeu doi vd

xuat

nap siin vao ROM

- Ca

u tao: B

g ti

n

liru trong mot 6 nhd

thong

qua dia chi cii

a 6 nhd

do

Hoat dgngS: Pliaii loui

va tini hieu vai

trd cua idc logi

bj xo

a het Va

Do la bo nhd ngoai

d

2 chu

c nang Chu

c nan

g

chi'nh la luu tru dir lie

u mo

t

each liiu dai, nghl

a l

a nga

y

ca k

hi ta

t may Chu

c nan

g

phu la hd trg bg nhd

trong,

nghla la khi b

g nh

d tron

g

khong du thi CP

Phdii logi:

- DT

a cung: dun

g lugn

g Idn

,

toe do dge ghi nhanh, luo

n

dugc giin sfin irong than

Thief hi iiha USB

- DTa mtm, bang tir: it thong

dung VI toe dp doc ghi cham, dung luong nho

Hoat dgiig 6: Phan log! vci tini hieii vai tvd ci'ia cue logi tliiet hi vao 15 pli

GV Neu van de: Thong tin dirpc dira vao may

nhu the nao? Bo phan nao ciia may tinh lam

viec do? Do la thiet hi vao

Ban pliim va cliiigt

Can dien kliien game

Wclycani

Chi'fc ndiig: Thiet bi vao diing

de dira thong tin vao may tinh

Phd)i logi: Tliiet bi vao gom

nhieu loai nhu sau:

- Ban phi'm: cho phep nguod sir dung nhap thong tin dang van ban bang each go cac phim

- Chuot: Giiip nguoi sir dung

ra lenh cho may tinh thong qua viec bam vao nut bam de chon cac muc chon tiong menu

- May quet (scanner): Cho phep dira van ban va hinh anh vao may tinh, ngliTa la chuyen thong tin dang van ban va hinh anh sang dang diiy bit

- Micro: Tlui am thanh de dira vao may ti'nh

- Webcam: Diing de thii thong tin dang hinh anh dira vao may tinh, sau do c6 the truygn den, nhfrng may khac trcn mang

35

logi va tim hieii vai trd

ciia car logi thiet

Loa Man hinh Tai nghe Mciy in

- Ma

y in: I

- Ma

y chieu: Hie

- Loa, ta

i nghe: Pha

- Modem: L

Hoat dgiig 8: Tim hieu cdc nguyen li hoat dgng cua may tinli 20 ph

GV Phat bieu nguyen If (eot ben)

GV Giai thich them ve lenh:

- Tai m6i thai diem may tinh chi thuc hien

diroc mot lenh, tuy nhien toe do thuc hien rat

nhanh, c6 the len toi hang t i lenh/giay

- Lenh va du lieu ddu duoc luu trong cac 6

nho dudi dang ma nhi phan (day bit) va duoc

truy xuat (lay ra hoac ghi noi dung m o i vao)

thong qua dia chi cita cac 6 nho do

May tfnh hoat dong theo chuong trlnh, nghla la no c6 the' thuc hien duoc mot day lenh cho trudc (goi la chucmg trinh) ma khong can sir tham gia true tiep ciia con nguoi

GV Tong hop lai va phat bieu nguyen If

J Vor Neumann T J

- May tinh hoat dong mot each t u dong theo chuong trinh, tiic la mot day lenh cho

truoc, ma khong cin su tham

gia ciia con nguoi

Lenh va du lieu dtu duoc

may tfnh luu tru dudi dang

ma nhi phan trong cac 6 nhd

va duoc truy xuat theo dia chi cua 6 nhd do

IV Bai tap co ban: (GV c6 tha danh 15 phiit chua mot bai va goi y tra Idi

nhiJng bai con lai)

(2)

O)

37

1 Hay dien ten

cdc tlidnli plidn cua

may tilth tioiig so

do edit tnic neii

2 Hay

ghep cdc nine thong

tin a hai cot difdi day

de tao thdiih nhffng

inenh

de liodn chiiih

(A ) R AM

(I ) l

a loa

i b

p n ho c6 tdc d

M

(2)

go

m ca

c b

o phan , lin

(C) Contro

l U nit

(3) go

m ca

c chuon

g trinh , m 6i chiron

(E) Than

h gh

i

(5) l

n mim

(Software) (8) thu

ten vd chifc nang

ciia cdc loai ihie't

hi san day

A M a y tinh thirc hien Ian krol timg lenh, het m o t lenh t h i ngiroi dieii k h i c n

lai dira lenh tiep theo vao d^ xi'r l i •

B Lenh va dir lieu phai diroc dira vao may diroi dang ma n h i piian •

C M a y tinh c6 the tir d o n g thirc hien ca m o t day lenh cho tiiroc

khong can sir tham gia ciia con ngiroi

D T r o n g liic thirc t h i chirofng t i i n h , k h i can, ciic lenh

va d u lieu se d o ngiroi dicu k h i c n true tiep nap vao m a y •

•

39

vao; (2):

Bp xi(

li tnmg tarn CPU;

(3) vd (4): CU

va ALU

(khong quan trong thi'ftu)

(5): B

o nh

d trong

; (6): B

o nh

o ngoai

; (7): Thie

; (4) - C; (5) - A; (6) - B; (7) - F; (8) - D;

3 (A) RAM; (B)

man hinh;

(C) 6 dia ci'fng;

(D) chiigt

- mouse;

(E) dTa

CDROM; (F) USB; (G)

webcam; (H) scanner; (I)

ban phim;

(J) dTa

mem;

(K) tai nghe ; (L)

may chieii (projector); (M)

may in;

(N) loa;

(O)can dieu khien

4 Menh

de (B), (C) va

(F) dung

(A) sai: Ngua

6 the' chii

Bdi tap

vd thuc hdnh 2:

LA

M QU EN

V

6l

MA

Y TI

e nh

d USB, lo

Lifu y: ft • :

- Thdi lirgng: 135 phiit (3 tiet)

- Trong lop c6 th^ mot bo phan HS da biet sir dung may tinh do duoc hoc

mat trat tir, GV nen nhan dien truoc, sau do trong qua trinh giang goi cac em tra loi Khi thirc hanh thi xep cac em do vao cac nhom de lam vai tro huong din nhifng em khac chua biet

III Tien trinh day hoc

On dinh Idp hoc, kiem tra bai truoc, nhan xet va danh gia: 5 phiit

GV Yeu cau: Trong lap ta, em nao da biet

sir dung may tinh do duoc hoc a cap duoi

hoac do nha c6 may tinh thi gio tay?

HS Gia tay tra lai

GV Nhan dien va ghi nhd ten cac em, c6 th6

ghi lai danh sach neu can

GV Giai thieu: Man hinh la loai thiet bi ra

CO ban nhat Cho HS quan sat va nhan dien 2

loai man hinh: man hinh CRT cu va man

hinh LCD nidi hien dai

Loai man hinh CRT to nang, sir dung ong

phong tia am cue nen anh huong xau tdi siic

khoe ngirai sir dung Loai man hinh phang

LCD hien dai han, sir dung cong nghe tinh

the long nen khong anh hirang tdi siic khoe

va thi lire

GV: Gidi thieu hinh dang cap nguon va day

tin hieu man hinh Chi cho HS vi tri va hinh

dang khe cilm cap tin hieu man hinh d phia

sau than may

©