bàn về một số vấn đề ở nông thôn nước ta hiện nay

Ldi N H A X L A T B A N ' '5 Trong s\i nghiep doi rri6i, cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa hien nay, Dang ta rat chu trong den nong nghiep, nong thon, nong dan va da c6 nhieu nghi quyet ban

THli VIEN TiNHBIHH THUANi

NHA XUAT BAN CHINH TRj QUOC GIA

Ldi N H A X L A T B A N ' '5

Trong s\i nghiep doi rri6i, cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa hien

nay, Dang ta rat chu trong den nong nghiep, nong thon, nong dan va da c6 nhieu nghi quyet ban rieng ve van de nay, trong do nhan manh nong thon la dia ban trong diem, phat trien nong nghiep, nong thon la nhiem vu chien lUcfc c6 tam quan trong hang dau Qua hdn hai thap ky doi m6i, bo mat nong nghiep, nong thon da c6 nhQng thay doi rS't 16n, nhUng ben canh do v i n con nhieu thieu sot, bat cap Chien Ivfdc phat t r i e n nong nghiep,

nong thon, nong dan cua Dang chUa dUdc quan triet sau sic

trong nhan thiic va hanh dong cila mot so' cap bo Dang va chinh quyen cac cap Con c6 mot khoang each dang ke giiia nhan th^tc, hoat dong cua can bo cac cap v6i the che va hieu qua trong ddi song hang ngay ciia nong dan d cac cong dong lang xa 0 Viet Nam, hu6ng ve cong dong cd sc) difdc the hien ro net v6i Quy che dan chu d cd sd Co the noi, chu trifdng thUc hien Quy che dan chu d cd sd la quyet tam chien lifdc c6 hieu qua tac dong sau rong den moi mat cua ddi song nong thon hien nay Dieu cd ban d day

la chu trUdng tren da dem lai cho ngUdi dan quyen ban bac, quyet dinh va giam sat tat ca nhQng gi lien quan den cuoc song hang ngay cua ho

De giiip ban doc c6 them tai lieu nghien cflu, tham khao ve nhQng quan he va the che tiidng ulng ve chi'nh t r i , xa hoi va kinh te' cl cac cong dong lang xa, Nha xuat ban Chinh t r i quoc gia xuat

5

ban cuon sach Ban ve mot so van de a nong thon nude ta hien

nay ciia Giao sU Ho Van Thong Cuon sach gom ba chUdng:

ChiiOng I : Cong dong lang xa Viet Nam hien nay; Chuong 11: ThUc

hien quy che dan chu gan v6i viec xay dUng chi'nh quyen cap xa

-Van de va giai phap chung; Chifdng I I I : The che dan chu g i n v6i

viec on dinh va phat trien nong thon hien nay

Xin gi6i thieu cuon sach v6i ban doc

C o n g dong l a n g x a Viet N a m h i e n nay ^

I Mot vai nhan dinh chung 9

I I Hudng ve cong dong cO sci - lang xa 19

I I I Mot so' kien nghi va giai phap 35

ChuTorngll:

Thiic hien quy che dan chu gan vdi viec

x a y dvfng c h i n h q u y e n cap x a - V a n de v a

giai phap c h u n g

I TSm voc ciia van de 57

I I Thiic hien quy che dan chii cl lang xa - nhQng van de dang dat ra 68

I I I Xay dUng chi'nh quyen cap xa hien nay 79

IV Mot so' giai phap 87

Chifcfng I I I :

T h e che d a n c h u gan vdi viec on d i n h

v a phat t r i e n nong thon h i e n n a y

I The che dan chu va phat trien cl Viet Nam 106

I I The che dan chii va mo'i quan he Dang - Nha nU6c - Nhan dan c) nUdc ta 115

I I I Mot so' van de ve xay dung the che dan chii cl nong thon hien nay 126

ChuangI

CONG DONG LANG XA VIET NAM HIEN NAY

I M O T V A I N H A N D I N H C H U N G

C o n g d o n g l a n g xa k h o n g p h a i v a n de h a n hep cua cac

d d n v i cd scl m a l a v a n de bao q u a t c6 t a m c h i e n liidc song con cua ca quoc gia, d a n toe t a t r o n g c h i e u d a i l i c h s i i dUng

nxidc v a g i i i niidc cho de n t a n ngay nay C h u n g t a d a n g

t i e n h a n h day m a n h cong n g h i e p hoa, h i e n d a i hoa theo

d i n h h i i d n g xa h o i c h u n g h i a t h i y n g h i a c h i e n lUdc t r e n day cang hoc lo ro r a n g ca ve c h i e u r o n g I a n c h i e u sau

Tri/dc het, 8 0 % d a n cU V i e t N a m d a n g song t r o n g cac

cong dong l a n g xa, h d n 60 t r i e u n g i i d i n a y dUdc song t r o n g

a n s i n h va p h a t t r i e n t h i se tao r a m o t n e n t a n g vutng chac cho cong n g h i e p hoa, h i e n d a i hoa d a t nU6c N g a y nay,

n h i e u niidc da p h a i t r a gia q u a 16n ve m o h i n h cong n g h i e p hoa theo each hoc n o n g n g h i e p cho cong n g h i e p , n o n g t h o n cho do t h i , t a n p h a t h a m c h i l o a i bo n o n g n g h i e p va n o n g

c\i vao the ban cung, khong tao diidc t h i trUdng noi dia, gay

ra xung dot, khung hoang xa hoi Cuo'i the ky XX, cac nU6c

phat trien da thay va cac nxidc dang phat trien da tham

thia ve nhiJng sai lam tren Tuf day da md ra mot hifcfng

nhan ihxic lai vi t r i cua nong nghiep, nong dan trong sii

phat trien ciia mot quoc gia dang phat trien

Ket luan pho bien tii day la, lam tan l u i nong nghiep

va hkn cung hoa nong dan (chiem da so' dan cU), la t\i lam

mat nen tang va mat on dinh cho s\i phat trien lau dai cua

dat nxidc

Thii hai, nong dan Viet Nam qua cuoc song cong dong

lang xa cua m i n h da c6' ket lai n h u mot siic manh van hoa,

n h i i \\lc lUOng cO ban de giii nxidc va diing nxidc Thien tai,

dich hoa trong lich sit Viet Nam that la khoc liet va lien

tuc Viet Nam ton tai va chien t h i n g dxiOc dxia khong i t vao

nen tang vflng chkc cua cac cgng dong lang xa, tieu bieu la

cac cuoc chien t r a n h chohg ngoai xam Nhiing gia t r i tich

cUc ve doan ket tUdng trd; vufa san xuat vvTa chien dau; xay

diing lilc lUdng t a i cho; glut gin ban skc dan toe; can cu va

sang tao; long yeu nu6c va dilc hy sinh, dung cam dau

t r a n h chong moi ap biic bat cong Tat cd con do, trong

chieu sdu cua ddi song nong ddn qua cdc cgng dong lang

xd Qua tijfng chang dUdng lich sit, nhiing gia t r i tren lai

diidc nhan len khong ngifng Hdn 70 nam qua, Dang ta va

Chia tich Ho Chi M i n h luon xem nong dan la Ixlc liJdng to

16n ma "Kheo to chtic, kheo lanh dao, t h i liic lUdng ay se

lam xoay trdi chuyen dat "' V i vay Dang ta da khdi day

1 Ho Chi Minh: Todn tap, Nxb Chi'nh tri quoc gia, Ha Noi,

2002, t 7, tr 185

nhiing gia t r i tren d mot tarn cao v6i chat lUdng m6i de giii niicfc va dUng nu'dc trong thdi dai m6i

Ngay nay, viec dita liJc liidng to 16n - nong dan cung v6i

nhiing gia t r i truyen thong lich sxi cua no vao qua t r i n h

cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa la mot van de c6 tam chien liidc bao quat, nhat la k h i da c6 k i n h nghiem cua nhieu nii6c d day neu suy nghi nong can, chay theo tijfng viec

theo hu6ng k i n h nghiem chu nghia se dkn den nhiing sai

l^m kho siia chiia

Thii ha, hxidc vao cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, hang loat van de dang dat ra phai giai quyet ixing biidc c6 hieu

qua theo mot tam nhin chien lUdc lau dai ve nong nghiep, nong thon va nong dan, nhat la nhiing van de sau day:

- Bao dam an toan liidng thiJc, thiJc pham cho toan xa hoi

- Khdi day va huy dong diidc siic manh phat trien cua toan dan, trong do c6 80% nong dan song trong cac cong dong lang xa

- The manh, yeu trong canh t r a n h va hoi nhap t h i triidng the gicfi

- Tao t h i trUdng noi dia manh (chi diia vao t h i trifdng

ben ngoai la thien can va dky nguy cd)

- Bao ve moi triidng, moi sinh, tai nguyen thien nhien

- D i n h hiidng va xac dinh noi dung cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa

- Xay diing he thong chinh t r i sao cho khdi day diidc

t i n h chu dong, sang tao ciaa dan, trong do da so' la nong dan Tao ra cong dong cd sd viing manh va qua do tao tac dong ngUdc lai de cung c6', hoan thien bo may nha niicfc va sii lanh dao cua Dang vcli t i n h chat la cong cu phuc vu dan

T a t ca deu p h a i dUdc g i a i q u y e t p h ^ n 16n qua n o n g

nghiep, n o n g t h o n va n o n g dan

ThiC tU, n o n g d a n V i e t N a m g i a u long yeu ni/dc Bay

m i i d i n a m qua diJ6i sU l a n h dao cua D a n g , ho da t r d t h a n h

nong dan each mang cua thdi dai, Idng xd trd thanh can

cii vd lUc liiOng each mang So p h a n cua t i f n g gia d i n h

n o n g dan deu gan bo v d i sii t o n v o n g cua dat nu6c Co dat

nxidc p h o n v i n h n h i i n g a y nay la n h d s i i h y s i n h d o n g gop

cua n h i e u t h e he, t r o n g do n o n g dan l a liic l i i d n g d o n g

n h a t V i vay D a n g va N h a nU6c t a p h a i c6 ke hoach t h a t

t o t de c h a m lo m o i m a t cuoc song ciia n o n g dan D a y

k h o n g c h i l a c h u y e n n g h i a t i n h m a la mot tat yeu lieh siC

phai diCdc thiXc hien B a i hoc tii m o t s o ' d i e m n o n g ve k i n h

te - xa h o i ci m o t so' v u n g n o n g t h o n g a n day cho t h a y c h i e u

sau cua v a n de nay

n o n g t h o n da c6 t h a y doi r a t 16n, n h i i n g ben c a n h do, chien

lUdc p h a t t r i e n n o n g nghiep, n o n g t h o n , n o n g dan ciia

D a n g chUa t h a t s\l diidc q u a n t r i e t sau sac t r o n g n h a n t h i l c

12

va h a n h dong ciia nhieu cap can bo cua D a n g va N h a nU6c,

con duing l a i d nghi quyet, chinh sach chung T r o n g thiJc te

dang CO mot khoang each dang ke giuta n h a n thufc, boat

dong cua can bo cac cap v6i the che va hieu qua thUc te

trong ddi so'ng hang ngay cua nong dan d cac cong dong lang xa ;

C h u n g ta c6 the t a hao ve nhCtng t h a n h cong trong viec

tao r a nhiing c h u y e n bien c6 tinh chat lUdng v a tinh chien

lUdc ve nong nghiep, nong thon va nong dan C u the la:

- L a y ho gia dinh lam ddn vi san xuat, chuyen doi h i n h

thiic v a chtfc nang hdp tac xa da tao r a nhiJng thay doi Idn

trong ddi so'ng ciia nong thon ve moi mat k i n h te - xa hoi

v a chinh tri

- C h u y e n doi cd cau k i n h te, hxldc dku tao lap dUdc nen

k i n h t e h a n g hoa trong s a n xuat nong nghiep

- N a n g cao mu(c song v a t chat v a t i n h t h a n c u a nong

d a n len mot miic dang ke. N h a ci ciia nong d a n {trii v u n g

s a u , viing xa, viing song nifdc, k e n h r a c h nhieu) da ngoi hoa n h i e u ; liidng thiic, th\Jc p h a m dap iing du n h u c a u ,

h a n g tieu dung c d n g nghiep tiidng doi doi dao; cd sci h a

t a n g nhxi dUdng, trifdng, t r a m , cd sd y te c6 d k h ^ p n d i ;

da xay dUng dUdc k h a n h i e u l a n g xa v a n hoa v a dai bo

p h a n tre em deu dUdc di hoc X6a doi giam ngheo dUdc

thUc hien v 6 i quyet t a m cao v a da dat dUdc h i e u qua

d a n g ke, t\i 3 0 - 4 0 % ho ngheo (1986), h i e n chi con tren

d u 6 i 1 1 % So v 6 i nong d a n n h i e u nxidc, thi day la mot

- N o n g nghiep da bao dam tUdng do'i viing chic a n toan

lUdng thiJc v a thiic pham cho toan quoc v a trd t h a n h nif6c

xuat khau gao Idn t h i i hai, thfl ba tren the gi6i Nang suKt

cay trong trong nong nghiep cung dat kha cao Viet Nam

CO 4 trieu ha trong lua dat 31 trieu tan (Thai Lan c6 9 trieu

ha lua chi dat 3 tan/ha, Phihppin chi dat 2 tan/ha) Ca phe

cl Dac Lie dat binh quan 2,2 - 2,5 tan/ha, trong k h i do

Braxin chi dat 0,7 - 0,8 tan/ha, binh quan the gidi chi dat

1,2 tan/ha

- Chung ta da lien tuc cung co' va hoan thien to chijtc

dang, nha nxidc, cac doan the, dua Quy che dan chii 5 cd scl

vao cac cong dong lang xa, tao mot h\idc ngoat mdi ve

chinh t r i ci nong thon Tuing ngiTdi, tufng ho gia dinh y

thilc sau hdn ve quyen lam chu va Idi ich ciia minh, tii do

hinh thanh xu hiidng chu dong, t\i quan, doan ket tao ra

cac n6 lUc ca nhan va tap the de tao da phat trien cho dat

nxidc vao nhQng nam dau the ky XXL

Chi CO ke t h u va cac the luc phan dong m6i co' t i n h phu

nhan va xuyen tac, con nhan dan ta va the gidi deu tU hao

va v u i miifng ve nhiJng thanh ttfu do

Viet Nam la mot nUdc co khoang 80% nong dan, bi

chien t r a n h t a n pha nang ne, dat dai qua i t , ddi song nhan

dan con ngheo nan, kho khan va nguy cd chong chat

Nhung chi hai thap ky qua, nhan dan Viet Nam da co ddi

song kha va co tiem liJc di len Dac biet k h i GDP binh quan

dau ngudi mdi dat 300-400USD, chung ta da xay diing

dUdc mot nude Viet Nam co ddi so'ng an sinh va co trien

vong phat trien cao, khac rat nhieu so vdi mot so' nudc co

hoan canh va t r i n h do tUdng tU

T h a n h tUu do r a t to Idn va mang mot y nghia sau

xa C h i n h v i vay ma chiing ta khong dong t i n h vdi

n h i i n g ngiJdi chi diia vao sai lam ciia mot bo phan can

bo thoai hoa ma xem nhe hay phii n h a n cac t h a n h t i c h tren Phai khang d i n h r^ng nhflng t h a n h t i c h t r e n la c6 that, hien hien t r o n g cuoc so'ng hang ngay ciia dan, trong v i the quoc te cua dat niidc Tat ca deu n h i n thay diJdc Do chinh la muc dich cua cuoc each mang do Dang

ta l a n h dao da diidc thiic hien va t h a m sau vao nhan dan; vao nha nUdc cua dan, do dan va v i dan M o i sai sot

da, dang va se dudc doi chieu de siia ddi va hoan thien

Mot ngifdi khong lam t h i tap the se lam, so dong se lam

N h a n dan Viet N a m giau t r u y e n thong each mang, che

do xa hoi nay do nhan dan xay dUng nen, v i vay, ho

ngay cang y thiie sau sic ve muc dich va quyen Ixlc nha nxidc cua m i n h D i n h hudng xa hoi chu nghia khong

phai la chuyen ly tifdng trtfu tiidng ma la xu hudng lich

sxi dUdc CO dong l a i n h u sU chi phoi cua Idi ich va quyen

lUc cua da so'

Thanh tich hien co ciia chung ta la hien thUc SHc

manh lich sii de ddi mdi va phat trien la do nhan dan ta tao ra qua qua t r i n h dau t r a n h cho'ng lai moi ap biic dan toe, ap biic giai cap va ap biic ca nhan con ngUdi

Phai ta day, tH eh6 diing nay ma n h i n nhan, ngh! suy

ve nhutng khuyet diem, nhiing can trd va noi dung cua cac budc di tiep theo Sd di chung ta muo'n nhan manh dieu

nay la vi hien co mot so ngiidi khong hkng long vdi hien trang, hxic tiic mudn phu nhan sach trdn Th^ng ma khong

thay t h i n g , manh ma khong thay manh, chi thay thieu sot thoi, dieu ay c h i n g giiip gi cho viec siia chiia khuyet diem

va di len

Ben canh nhiJtng thanh tvTu to 16n neu tren, chung ta

vin con nhflng thieu sot, bat cap c6 tinh chien lUdc, dai

dang keo dai den miic kho c6 the chap nhan dUdc Cu the la:

Thie nhdt, chung ta chua that sU tap trung nghien ciiu

tong ket CO chieu sau thuc tien nong thon va nong dan Viet

Nam va so sanh no vdi the gidi. Chung ta c6 nhieu chuyen

gia ve san xuat nong nghiep nhiing chUa that sU c6 nhiJng

chuyen gia ve nong thon, nong dan va cac cong dong lang

xa Co rat nhieu ngUdi lam trong linh vUc nay nhung la

nhi3ng can bo lanh dao, chi dao thUc tiln, khong c6 dieu

kien nghien ciiu theo con dUdng khoa hoc Tong ket kinh

nghiem tvTng cong viec va nghien ciiu khoa hoc c6 chieu

sau tri tue la cac buctc khac nhau Dieu nay da khie'n cho

nhan thiic cua chung ta ve nong nghiep, nong thon, nong

dan con khac nhau, nhieu van de quan trong con 6 tinh

trang ban cai keo dai, khong dijtt khoat dUdc trong hanh

dong He qua la he thong chinh sach chiia dong bo, chyle

nang chong cheo hoac bo trong Dieu nay da gay ra nhijfng

can trci 16n cho phat trien, tham chi tao ra cac diin bien

tieu cvfc rat kho siia chCta

Ngay nay, tren the gidi khong c6 mot chia tich, mot b,o

trUdng nao chi bang kinh nghiem ban than c6 the thao gd

diidc moi van de neu khong c6 mot he thong chuyen gia va

vien nghien ciJu khoa hoc ho trd cac nha lanh dao do C)

nude ta, mot he thong nhii vay da hit dau hinh thanh,

nhUng con it, con yeu va phan tan Co nhieu van de c6 the

giai quyet sdm hdn, c6 hieu qua hdn nhUng khong lam

difdc chinh la vi con lam theo lo'i kinh nghiem chu nghia

ddn thuan trong linh vUc nong thon va nong dan

16

Thii hai, chung ta c6 mot che do chinh tri - xa hoi tien

bo nhUng thieu the che c6 hieu liCc tUdng iing Noi den the

che la noi den hanh dong, noi den sU thong nhat giuia chii triidng va hieu lu!c, hieu qua, den nhiing nguyen tac, quan

he hit buoc phai ih\ic hien Nhieu diidng lo'i, chu trUdng va

luat phap dung nhUng khong dUdc chap hanh vdi nhiing hieu qua dang ra phai c6 (vi du c6 chinh sach nhUng chinh sach khong diidc chap hanh, c6 an lenh nhiing an khong dUdc thi hanh ) Van de d day khong phai chi la y thvtc

chap hanh ma chu yeu la thieu mot the che c6 hieu liCc

ngoai y muon tiiy tien cua bat ky ai - bat buoc moi ca nhan

diJdc giao quyen lUc cung nhu moi cong dan phai thiic hien Chung ta nhan manh den dan chu tap trung, nhUng

lai that s\i thieu mot siic manh cua the che trong tong the

Quyen liic cua nha niidc, quyen liic ciia dan, quyen lilc cua luat phap khong dUdc ton trong, ca nhan dufdc giao quyen

\\ic khong bi kiem soat - tat ca nhiing dieu nay da xay ra d

cac nganh, cac cap Hau qua cua tinh trang do don xuong cac cong dong lang xa gay nen nhieu ach tic va phan iing cua khong it nong dan Day la dieu da trd thanh van de nhiic nho'i, keo dai chifa diidc giai quyet c6 hieu qua

Thii ba, quyen lUc khong bi kiem soat chat che Mot so'

can bo Idi dung quyen liic de miiu cau Idi ich ca nhan, thoai hoa thanh mot tang 16p dac quyen, dac Idi Cac chinh sach, luat phap ve den nhieu cong dong lang xa khong dUdc chap hanh hoac bi bop meo, xuyen tac Ddn thii to' giac cua

ngu'di dan tu: cac cong dong cd sd giii len cii chdng chat, keo

dai ngay cang nhieu va khong diidc giai quyet kip thdi, dilt diem d cac cap dia phUdng.Tinh trang da nghiem trong va

PVV; ' AiotAO Of) 17

biic xiic de'n miic nha n\i6c phai cijl cac doan thanh tra ve

dia phUdng de tiep dan va tham chi trvtc tiep xLt ly nhieu

tnJdng hdp cu the dang ra phai dtfdc giai quyet tot t\X

huyen, xa

Thvt tiC, nhin chung t r i n h do nang lUc hieu biet ve

chmh t r i , k i n h te cua can bo ci da so' cac cong dong lang xa

con rat bat cap Ben canh do, che do, chinh sach, phu cap

t h u lao cho can bo cd sci con qua i t so v6i lao dong ma ho

phai bo ra Dieu nay da gop phdn lam cho mot bo phan can

bo ci cd scl rdi vao hoan canh lam viec cong nhieu t h i kho

s o n g , lam i t t h i l a n g xa t r i tre Day la t i n h the kho xii va

C l i n g i\i day da nay sinh nhieu tieu cUc

Thii nam, to chiic Dang, chinh quyen, doan the d cac

cong dong cd scl, nhat la lang xa, da diidc cung c6' qua nhieu

ddt, nhung ve cd ban v^n theo quan diem va cd che cii Sau

g^n mot thap ky thvfc hien Quy che dan chu 6 cd sd, t i n h

h i n h van chiia c6 thay doi 16n ve viec xay dUng to chdc

Dang, chinh quyen ci da so" cac cong dong lang xa NhiJng

ndi CO thay ddi i t nhieu ciing chu yeu dua tren kiem diem

t i n h than trach nhiem, dao diic sinh boat hdn la dua tren

mot quan diem, t u tUdng diit khoat ro rang ve chiic nang,

nhiem vu, the che Svi cham tre nay keo dai nhiJng

khuyet diem va han che viec phat huy nhiing thanh tich

da CO

Qua khao sat ci boh t i n h mien Bdc, ba t i n h mien T r u n g

va boh t i n h Nam Bo, chiing toi thay viec xay diing cong

dong lang xa da c6 nhiing thanh cong nhat dinh nhiing

nhiing han che con qua nhieu Ro rang thanh cong la 16n,

nhiing ton tai va khuyet diem cung khong phai la nho,

• * •

18

nam ngay b nen tang cua cac van de Neu khong giai quyet

dUdc t h i toan bo nen tang se bi rung chuyen, khung hoang

I I H U d N G VE CONG DONG CO SC) - LANG XA

HiC&ng ve cong dong ccf s6 hien nay da trci thanh xu

hiidng pho bien cua nhieu niidc 0 Trung Quoc trong hai thap ky qua dang chuyen t i i cd che ap dat sang cd che dan chu hdp tac d cd sci, xay diing thon xa t i i quan; d A n Do da thiic hien chii triidng phi tap t r u n g hoa, chuyen ngan sach, chuyen quyen liic quyet dinh nhieu viec ve cac hoi dong huyen, xa; ci Thuy Dien dang co g&ng xay diing chinh quyen cd scl - cap huyen t i i quan, t i i quyet dinh cong viec ci dia phiidng, v.v

Scl di CO x u hiidng tren la vi:

- Nha nxidc Trung ufdng khong the giai quyet het moi

viec CU the den t i i n g cd s6, bao bien lam het se khong c6

hieu qua va gay lang phi 16n ciing n h i i bat binh trong dan

- Khdi day t i n h chu dong t i i quan, t i i quyet dinh ciia tiing cd sd se giiip khai thac het cac tiem nang vat chat va

t r i tue cua t i i n g ngUdi dan, tiing cong dong cd sci - ma tiem nang nay rat nhieu

- Thiic hien quyen cong dan, dan chu phai thiic hien ro rang t i i cd sci T i i do xay diing bo may quyen liic, chon cac quan chiic d cd sci theo y kien va quyet dinh ciia dan Qua

do xay diing mot xa hoi cong dan tich ciic va niem t i n chinh t r i ciia da so vao che do hien hanh

- K i n h te chiia phat trien, nha nMdc khong du liic vi

ngan sach va k i n h phi de khdi day boat dong chu dong cua

19

tCfng cd sd Do do, phai thUc hien sil huy dong xa hoi t\i cd

sd, V V

- Buoc nha nxidc cap tren phai gftn vdi cuoc song ciia da

so', phuc vu da so'

Nhieu nUdc tren the gicfi da nhan thiic ro, kien quye't

daa vao Hien phap va luat cac chu triJdng tren Tuy nhien,

khong phai moi viec deu diidc tien hanh troi chay Co qua

nhieu trac trci ve chinh t r i (cac dang phai, ton giao, dan toe

khac nhau), tang 16p quan ehiic dac quyen dae Idi dong y

tren nhan thilc nhUng can trci trong thvte hien, dan t r i thap

hoae muo'n diing ngoai chinh t r i , ghet chinh t r i , hoai nghi

cac nha chinh tri

Xu hu;6ng hirdng ve cd sd la hdp vdi yeu c^u phat trien

cua cac quo'c gia, dan toe trong thdi dai ngay nay NhUng

con dUdng di eon phai trai qua nhieu ehong gai Co nxidc,

chu trildng da c6 hang chuc nam roi ma vIn chi d dang t h i

diem va neu dang doi lap len cam quyen t h i khong i t van

de se hi dao ngifdc

C) Viet Nam khong vap phai van de chinh tri, dang phai,

ton giao, dan toe phiic tap nhxl nhieu nxidc khac Nhan dan

Viet Nam vo'n eo truyen thong doan ket thong nhat vi sxi

phat trien cua dat nxidc, eo y chi doi mdi manh me theo

hu6ng bao dam Idi ich va quyen lUc thuoe ve dan, ve da so'

Hi/dng ve ca sd eung chinh la phat huy truyen tho'ng

lich sii dung nacic va giuf nu:6c cua dan toe Viet Nam Trong

chien tranh chong thUc dan Phap va de quoc My xam lUdc,

khong lang xa nao khong la nhiing eo ket eong dong wxia

san xuat vtfa chien dau; tien phudng va hau phUdng doan

ket dum hoc l&n nhau de chien th^ng

20

Hoa binh lap lai, viec hiidng ve lang xa lo cho cupc so'ng ciia nong dan, han gan nhiing mat mat va phat trien nong nghiep da dUde Dang va Nha nU6c tap trung giai quyet Qua thUc t i i n tim toi chu dong cua nhan dan, cua Dang, chiing ta da di den mot sU ehuyen doi cd ban la xoa

bo cd che quan ly tap trung bao cap, lay ho gia dinh lam ddn vi san xuat trUc tiep, chuyen doi kinh te hdp tac, da

dang hoa quan he kinh te, xay diing ddi so'ng van hoa, thUe

thi Quy che dan chu d cd sd Tat ca da tao ra sii n6 hie va

sang tao pho bien cua nong dan, giai phong manh me cac

tiem nang san xuat Ket qua that la to 16n, txi mot nufcic thieu lUdng thUc, nxidc ta da trd thanh mot nxidc xuat khau

gao diing thii hai, t h i ! ba tren the gidi!

Trong ket qua to 16n nay c6 noi dung quan trong la niem tin vao trien vong phat trien, y chi phan dau viidn len cua tuing ho nong dan, tiifng eong dong lang xa diJde

hun due va phat trien manh Day Id cdi hon cua siC phat trien cho den hien nay

Dang ta lanh dao eong cuoc doi mdi dat diide nhufng

thanh txixx quan trong, dUde the gidi thiia nhan va ton

trong NhUng Dang lanh dao khong phai t i i minh diing tren

ra chinh sach, ehi thi cho dan thUc hien, ma chinh sach

phai song trong long dan, b i t nguon tvi sxi tim toi sang tao cua dan, txi sxi doi hoi ve cuoc song ciia da so' ma lanh dao

NhGng net mdi trong eong dong lang xa Viet Nam

t\i k h i doi mdi: Cong dong lang xa Viet Nam da hinh

thanh tvf hang ngan nam nay Day khong ddn thuan chi la nhiing ddn vi hanh chinh ma chu yeu la nhiing tap hdp

ngxidi CO ket tren mot dia ban c6 gidi han n\ixi mot sxic

21

manh chung trong san xuat, trong sii dum boc l l n nhau de

song, trong s\i tim toi phat trien (nganh nghe, hoc

hanh )-Tat da ket due lai bang nhiJng truyen thong van hoa tich

tu qua nhieu ddi, tham sau vao tifng gia dinh, tvfng ea

nhan trong cong dong Co the noi day la siie manh cd sd c6

tinh lieh svL on dinh trong ea mot qua trinh dxing nxidc va

gii3 nu6e eiia dan toe Viet Nam • •

Tuy nhien, cong dong lang xa cl cac vung tren dat nxidc

ta eung eo khac biet nhat dinh Cac lang xa Bic Bo diide

hinh thanh on dinh qua hang ngan nam, diidc bao hoc

bang luy tre xanh; trung tarn cua lang thUdng eo ngoi dinh

cung v6i gieng nxidc, cay da, cong lang va mot so' dat cong

dien Tat ca nhu mot sxi khep kin, txi quan rieng biet vdi

nhufng ban sic, hudng xidc tUdng ling

Cac lang xa d Nam Bo mdi hinh thanh tren du6i 300

nam gan day Da phan la ngUdi ngheo phieu tan, binh

linh, nha nho cd han t i m dat mdi lap nghiep NhiJng ngifdi

dan nay mang theo van hoa truyen thong lang xa tH Bkc

Bo vao hoi nhap vdi van hoa A n Do, Khdme va hoan canh

dat dai hoang da, kenh rach ch^ng chit de "khai sdn pha

thach" tao dxing cuoc song mdi day gian lao Neu xet txl

truyen thong, thi lang xa mien Bie la on dinh khep kin,

con lang xa Nam Bo la md theo kenh rach, sxi co ket lang

xa d day khong chat che, nhang sii giao lufu manh hdn

Con cae lang xa mien Trung la sU keo dai cua lang xa

Bic Bo va hdp liTu vdi lang xa Nam Bo Day la than chie'c

don ganh, chuyen tai tat ea nhiing gi cua mien Bic vao

mien Nam va ngUde lai, qua day hap thu nhflng gia t r i tieh

cue ta hai phia Cu dan cae lang xa mien Trung ra B^e de

hoe, vao Nam de lap nghiep, do vay ho thUdng di dong hdn

la khep kin, ngifng dong

Du lang xa d ba mien eo khac biet, nhUng v i n la lang

xa Viet Nam, eo nhflng cot loi ehung ben viing khong thay doi Do la cong dong cua nhiJng con Hong chau Lac co ket, dum hoc l l n nhau, chung long, gop siic de triidng ton trong qua trinh dUng lang va giii nUdc Dan eU cac lang xa mien Nam qua ehien tranh chong Phap va chong M y lai cang

dUde CO ket hdn nufa, mac du ke thu thUe hien moi am

mUu, thu doan nhkm phan tan, chia taeh Bic - Nam

nhUng nhan dan ta v i n eo ket lai Co ndi gap liie chUa

chong gixi dxidc, moi ngUdi riit vao rvfng, quy tu lai, lap ban thd Bac Ho nhu Idi the quyet til de giuf nUdc, giii lang ,

khi bet ehien tranh, moi ngUdi lai keo nhau ve lang cii sinh song, dum hoc nhau eiing lam an va xay dUng lang xa

"TO thud mang gi/dm di md coi

Ngdn nam thumg nhd dat Thang Long!"

Day khong phai la cam hufng n g l u nhien cua nha thd Huynh Thien Nghe' ma phan anh eai hon cua ngUdi dan mien Nam vdi dat nUde Nhiing ai da tifng vao tan cac xom dat mui Ca Mau mdi thay het sU phan khdi va niem

tin sau sic cua nhan dan k h i eo doan can bo txi Trung Udng vao Khong phai b day eo gi "nong" ma la long dan

hudng ve Trung Udng, ve coi nguon, ve eai chung cua dat nude Vi vay, xay dUng lang xa Viet Nam hien nay phai thay dUdc sU thong nhat giiia eai rieng va cai ehung Khong ehu y den cai rieng se d i bi ap dat, khong thay cai

1 Co t^i lieu Viet la Huynh V a n Nghe

chung se kho xay dUng diJdc theo cac nguyen tac thong

nhat tren toan dat n\Xdc

Qua bao nhieu thang tram cua lich sii, cac cong dong

lang xa Viet Nam vkn con do Siic manh phat trien va ca

sii t r i tre cua nong thon ciing bat nguon tii day va qua day

O day, chung toi muo'n nhan manh den cai chung d ca ba

mien cua dat nu;6c ve nhiing biidc phat trien mdi cua lang

xa Viet Nam hien nay qua nhiing nam doi mdi

a Tat ca cac lang xa deu lay hp gia dinh lam ddn v i

san xuat cd ban, chuyen doi manh cac hdp tac xa cu thanh

hdp tac xa dich vu cho cac ho san xuat, da dang hoa cac

hinh thiic sd hufu va thanh phan k i n h te Co the xem day la

h\idc ngoat cd ban ve chat, tao dieu kien de khai thac cac

tiem nang, lam cho san xuat phat trien nhanh va cuoc

song cua nong dan dudc nang cao dang ke

b Ngay nay d ca ba mien, ngUdi nong dan khong phai

san xuat cai m i n h can ma chu yeu hiicing vao san xuat cai

ma t h i triidng can, trijf nhiing lang xa chiia c6 each gi thoat

ra diidc doi ngheo K i n h te hang hoa da thiic day sii giao

liiu, buoc cac cong dong lang xa phai t i m each "md" ra moi

nganh, moi hudng NgUdi nong dan luon luon phai dong

nao, so sanh, t i m toi chii khong the yen phan trong mot dia

ban khep k i n va cuoc song an bai Trong cay gi, nuoi con

gi, ket hdp lam them nghe gi, hdp tac vdi nhau nhii the nao

de CO dau vao, dau ra hieu qua nhat? 6 lang hay ra di t i m

dat song mdi? Ra B i c lam nghe xay dilng hay vao Tay

Nguyen trong cay cong nghiep hoac vao Ca Mau lam moc,

nuoi tom? Biet ndi nao lam dUdc mot ngay 40.000 dong t h i

c h i n g con ngan ngai gi ma khong di, chang c6 sU khep k i n

24

nao CO the can trci dvidc, can t h i keo ca gia dinh va ngifdi

than cung di Trong sU Ian toa viidt qua truyen thong khep kin nay cac "anh bo dpi" da c6 mat d khap cac chien triJdng triidc day la nhiing ngiidi tien phong Nhieu quan nhan d

Bic Kan c6 the hieu biet rat nhieu ve Tay Nguyen, ve vung

Dong Nam Bo, ve dong b^ng song Ciiu Long Sii hieu biet

do ngay nay dang la yeu to' quan trong de mci rong t^m nhin cua cac cong dong lang xa ra tren quy mo toan quoc Han che trong cac cong dong lang xa Viet Nam hien nay khong phai la truyen thong khep k i n , sU an phan

ma chu yeu la thieu von, thieu siJ ho trd cua cong nghiep, dich vu, thieu the che chung dieu tiet c6 hieu luc va hieu qua, do la nhiing yeu to' gay can trci siic bat cua cac cong dong lang xa Tuy nhien, khong nen danh gia tinh h i n h nay chi qua 20% nong dan ngheo kho, i t biet lam an ma chia yeu phai qua 80% con lai Cac cong dong l^ngxa Viet Nam se di len nhii the nao? Van de la phai kien quyet xoa doi giam ngheo, dac biet tap t r u n g vao nhiing ai biet lam

an, biet phat trien

c Cong nghiep va dich vu d cac cong dong lang xa da c6 nhiing bufdc tien quan trong gop phan thay doi nhanh chong cuoc song cua cac vung que khong chi trong san xuat

ma ca moi mat van hoa, t i n h than, nhan thOfc (dii con i t va thieu sot, chu:a tUdng xiing vdi yeu cau cua nong dan) Viec diia vao san xuat cac giong cay, con mdi c6 nang suat cao (lua, ngo, mia ), thuoc tru: sau benh, thuy Idi, dien, niidc sach, bao ve moi triidng, giao thong, y te, giao due, van hoa, thong t i n hen lac, dang lam cho bo mat nong thon ngay mot thay doi

Tuy v l n con nhieu bat cap trong Imh vxic nay, nhUng

so v6i nhufng nam 1980 va nong thon cua nhieu nU6c hien

nay, t h i day la nhiing dong gop 16n trong viec doi m6i cac

cong dong lang xa Viet Nam hien nay

d Viec thiic hien Quy che dan chu 0 cd set cung v6i sii

doi m6i ve chinh t r i dang d i i n ra 6 cac cong dong lang xa

hien nay, c6 the noi, la mot chu triidng, mot sU quyet tam

chien lUdc c6 hieu qua lay dong den tan chieu sau moi mat

cua ddi song nong thon hien nay Dieu cd ban ci day la chti

trUdng tren da dem lai cho ngiidi dan quyen ban bac, quyet

dinh va giam sat tat ca nhiing gi lien quan den cuoc song

hang ngay cua ho T\J: do dan den s\i can thiet phai doi m6i

hang loat nhiing quan he va the che tiidng iJng ve chinh

t r i , xa hoi va k i n h te ci cac cong dong lang xa va keo theo

sU doi hoi phai doi mdi manh hdn d cac cap huyen, t i n h va

trung lidng

Ket qua cu the la:

- Nong dan diidc thiic t i n h manh me ve quyen lUc cua

minh trong cong dong lang xa ciing nhii trong toan xa hoi

ta Khoang 80-90% nong dan tren moi mien dat nii6c da

tham gia hoc tap va trien khai Quy che dan chii d cd scl

Day la mot phong trao da t h u hut va tao diidc s\l phan

khdi trong cong dong lang xa ci Viet Nam R6 rang la dan

t r i va y thufc, niem t i n chinh t r i ciia nong dan diidc nang

len mot tam voc m6i Nhd do da loi keo nong dan vitdn len

lam chu va sang tao de xay dUng cong dong lang xa va dat

nxldc cua minh

- Nong dan da hit dau y thiic diidc quyen \\ic ciing

v6i cac quy che cu the de thvtc t h i quyen lUc do Dieu nay

da thuc day manh me viec doi m6i phudng thiic va noi dung lanh dao cua cap uy Dang ve viec thuc t h i quyen lUc nha nu6c

- Nong dan trong moi cong dong lang xa da t\i ban bac

va quyet dinh gop von, cong siic ciing xay dUng them he thong diidng, triidng, tram, dien, nuf6c, nha d, kenh miidng, tad da phat trien mdi rong kh&p va nhanh chong ve cd s6

ha tang Moi tiem nang deu diidc chu y khai thac hdac se

khai thac Mot siC huy dong xd hoi de tao siic manh chung

cho nong dan, nong thon that si/ dang dien ra vdi hieu qua

va trien vqng dang khich le

- Can bo d cd sd lang xa khong the lam viec tuy tien va

long hanh, ma phai nghe dan, sat dan, lam theo y nguyen cua dan Phai cong khai chii triidng, tai chinh, phai de dan gop y, phe binh va kiem tra, giam sat Cd the the che nay m6i hinh thanh chiia chat che nhiing nong dan da y thiic

diidc va suf dung the che do nhxi mot cong cu quyen liic de

dau tranh c6 hieu qua chong nhiing hien tiidng tieu ciic trong cong dong

- T i i nay t r d di cac to chiic dang, nha niidc, doan the ci lang xa to chiic va boat dong khong phai diing tren dan ma phai la cua dan, do dan va v i dan Trong do, dan biet, dan ban, dan quyet dinh thiic hien va dan giam sat, kiem tra Viec thUc hien Quy che dan chu ci cd sci dang dat ra hang Idat van de doi v6i cac cfip, cac nganh, doi hoi doi mdi nhieu hdn, manh hdn, c6 hieu qua hdn Dan chu 6 cd sci khong chi la lieu thuoc kich thich buoc phai doi mdi manh

d cac cong dong cd sd ma ca chd can bo va to chOfc ci cac cap tren cd sd

Ket qua v6 cung quan trong la dan chu c( cd sd dang

dvfdc thuc hien v6i nhiing bu:dc di va phiidng thiic dan chii

hoa theo dinh hu6ng xa hoi chii nghia hien nay d nxidc ta

Dan chu d "the gidi t\i do", trCf mot so tinh tiet cu the, con

ve thiic chat chi la dan chii nghj vien, bao gom nhiing

ngiTdi do dan cii nhUng ve cd ban lai dai dien cho cac t i n g

Idp thieu so' c6 dac quyen, dac Idi Q u y e n hanh chi pho'i

thifc s\i nkm trong gidi chu, n h a chinh t r i va cac quan chiic

chinh phu ci moi cap va trong tijfng cong viec Ngifdi dan

b^u cil ngifdi dai dien xong t h i dan cung mat quyen, quyen

do diidc giao cho ngiidi khac chijf khong con ci dan nuta Dan

chu d cd sd ciia chung ta la phiJdng thiic thiic hien dan chu

cho da so, ngoai nhiing the che dan chu chung da c6 cua

nha niidc va he tho'ng chinh t r i tren quy mo toan quoc, dan

chu d cd sd dem lai quyen hanh triic tiep cho tiing nguldi

dan (trong bau ctf ciing nhii sau bau'cii): Quyen do, trUdc

he't la ve chinh t r i , tii do Ian toa ra ta't ca moi linh vUc, moi

mat cua ddi song xa hoi Moi ngiidi dan, trong do c6 60

trieu nong dan nxidc ta trong kh^p cac cong dong lang xa

so'ng CO quyen Idi, so'ng trong dan chu va boat dong bang

cac the che tUdng dng se tao ra mot nen tang chinh t r i

viing chac cho che' do xa hoi xa hoi chu nghia cua chiing ta

Co the noi, viec thiic hien Quy che dan chu d cd sd la

xu the chung cua thdi dai Viet Nam da c6 the manh dan

thiic hien ngay dan chu ci cd sd, dan chu cho da so' dii dieu

kien k i n h te chUa that phat trien va dan t r i chiia that cao

Viet Nam do hoan canh t i i nhien va lich sii da trd

thanh quoc gia dan toe tii rat sdm, g i n ket moi ngUdi, moi

mien lai vdi nhau Dan chu hoa ngay nay ciing the Nhieu

28

niidc tren the gidi da c6 biidc di trong hai, ba the ky ve thUc hanh dan chu, nhiing chu yeu dvfng lai d bau cii, d nghi vien, con dan chu thiic sii, triic tiep cho da so'vin con la xu hiidng trong tiidng lai xa Viet Nam c^n va c6 the thiic hien diidc dieu do, du con nhieu kho khan, thieu sot, nhiing chiing ta da lam diidc va se lam diidc nhieu hdn ciing vdi

sU phat trien hdn niia ve k i n h te va van hoa Dan chii hoa

CO noi dung rong hdn, nhUng thiic hien manh me dan chu d

cd sd la net doc dao ciia Viet Nam hien nay Thiic tien chinh t r i nay se diia den nhieu gdi mci cho chiing ta nghi suy ve mot nen dan chu theo dinh hiidng xa hoi chu nghia trong nhiing biidc di tiep theo

d Cuoc so'ng cong dong lang xa Viet Nam trong thap

ky qua da xuat hien mot hien tiidng mdi - do la k i n h te trang trai Hien nay tren pham v i toan quoc, chiia c6 thong

ke chinh thutc, nhiing c6 khong diidi 12.000 trang trai c6 quy mo t i i 2 - 3ha t r d len va c6 nhiing trang trai c6 t i i 100 -1.000 ha trd len H i n h thiic san xuat nay tap t r u n g d dong bang song Cviu Long, mien Dong Nam Bg, mien t r u n g du Bac Bo va mot phan d phia tay va duyen hai Trung Bo Cac trang trai hinh thanh t i i boat dong san xuat hang

hoa CO hieu qua cua mot so' ho nong dan, can bg hiiu t r i c6

kha nang k i n h doanh hoac cac nha k i n h doanh tOf cac do thi den Ket qua den nay la dang khich le khong chi ve mat hieu qua san xuat ma no c6 anh hiicing tich ciic nhieu mat doi vdi cugc so'ng ci cac cong dong lang xa Co the khai quat tren nhiing mat sau day:

- Kich thich sii t i m toi vUdn len lam giau b&ng san xua't, kinh ddanh

29

if: - Tap hdp difdc von vao san xuat, thuc day k i n h te

hang hoa va chuyen dich cd cau k i n h te, che bien nong san,

khai khan dat hoang

- G6p phan giai quyet cong an viec lam cho nong dan

- Tap t r u n g diidc dat dai, von heng vao nhutng ndi lam

an CO hieu qua

Tao diidc mot trang trai khong phai la dieu d l , nhiing

tao dUdc mot trang trai lam an c6 hieu qua cl mot cong

dong lang xa se tao dieu kien tot cho viec phat trien cong

dong lang xa V i v^y, khong nen v i i t nhieu han che va

nhiidc diem cua mot so' mo h i n h trang trai hien nay ma

phu nhan ca mot xu hu6ng cua sU phat trien k i n h te hang

hoa rat dang khuyen khich

Nong thon nxidc ta dang di len v6i cac thanh qua va cac

mo hinh nhu tren, nhiing rat tiec cac cong dong lang xa

dien h i n h cho sU phat trien con i t , chi chiem tren dif6i 10%

cua tat ca cong dong lang xa trong ca nif6c Su phat trien i t

6i do da lam hoc 16 ro rang nhiJng thieu sot, bat cap, va

dang dat ra hang loat nhiJng van de m6i ci cac cong dong

lang xa Khong y thiic ro ca mot he thong van de trong linh

vxic nay t h i sU phat trien se chi3ng lai va he qua tieu cxic se

kho lUdng

Thii nhdt, dii c6 nhiJng bucfc phat trien dang ke,

nhUng nong thon va da so cac cong dong lang xa Viet

Nam ve cd ban v i n nam trong trang thai k i n h te tut cap,

i\l tiic N h i i n g vung san xuat lua, cao su, ca phe hang

hoa con i t , hieu qua con thap Ty suat hang hoa trong

k i n h te nong thon con rat thap, mile song vat cha't ciia da

so' nong dan trong cac cong dong lang xa chifa that sU

viidt qua ngheo kho so v6i nhieu nU6c tren the gi6i Tuy nhien, ndi nao chufa c6 dieu kien phat trien san xuat hang hoa t h i nen lam theo hu6ng " t r u n g nong hoa" dai bo phan dan cu: con hdn la vay vo'n bat chap, don dat, thay doi cd cau tuy tien, lam mot each 6 at, m u quang, va hau qua se

la sU pha san cua so dong nong dan vdi nhiing hau qua tieu ciic to 16n Khong bao t h u nhUng can biet di tiing bade, thtf siic tifng bifdc de vCfa phat trien vCfa c6 on dinh tildng do'i Day manh phat trien san xuat hang hoa la c l n thiet, nhUng day nhanh mot each m u quang t h i hai nhieu hdn Idi, da so' nong dan hi ban cung, phan hoa, bat binh dang xa hoi se manh hdn trong k h i chiia c6 luc va cd che dieu tiet hutu hieu

TM hai, cac cong dong lang xa san xuat hang hoa dang gap mot trci ngai 16n la t h i trUdng trong va ngoai na6c Hien nay ca phe, mia, dau xanh nhieu nam xuo'ng gia, cao su ciing trong tinh trang do Cac lang nghe khong ban dUde san ph^m, gia lua gao dOi c6 tang nhiing khong c6 Idi cho nong dan, v i gia hang cong nghiep, dich vu tang cao hdn Ngoai ra, do chiu sii doe quyen ve gia mua va gia ban cho nen nong dan con bi hien tiidng ep gia

TM ha, sii chuyen doi cac hdp tae xa chu yeu nh^m giiip k i n h te ho gia dinh di vao san xuat hang hoa va chong

dd v6i sU len xuong bat thiidng cua t h i trUdng Sii chuyen doi nay la v6 ciing quan trong, nhiing con gap nhieu kho khan ve t h i trifdng, von, kha nang k i n h doanh So' hdp tac

xa thiic hien diidc chiic nang dich vu dau vao va dau ra cho san xuat ho c6 hieu qua con rat i t Da so hdp tac xa hi 16,

khong CO vo'n, khong c6 kha nang k i n h doanh, lao vao lam

nhiing viec khong dang lam, khong the lam hoac chi

chuyen doi c6 tinh hinh thiic ben ngoai, song lay l i t , chd

doi hoac quay lai thu le phi cao hoac khong dang c6 tren

dien tich canh tac cua cac ho nong dan de nuoi bo may

quan ly hdp tac xa

Thii tii, cac ho san xuat chu yeu la khai thac tai

nguyen tu nhien vdi lao dong thu cong, viec sii dung cong

nghe mdi con qua it Do do, san pham lam ra khong du siic

canh tranh, khong ban diidc hoac ban v6i gia thap

Nhiing dien hinh phat trien gkn v6i cong nghe mdi

nha mot so' xa ci huyen Chd Mdi tinh An Giang, da hinh

thanh han mot viing cong nghiep, mot so' xa thuoc huyen

Tho't No't, tinh C i n Thd hinh thanh mot vung nha may

danh bong gao xuat khau, mot so xa lam cd k h i d Nam

Dinh, lang do go Dong Ky (B^c Ninh) da c6 san pham tieu

thu kh&p trong nu6c va xuat khau, mdi chi la nhiing so'

lUdng nho be Ca nUdc hien c6 800 lang nghe, nhung

nhiing lang nghe diing viing diidc trong cd che t h i triidng

con qua it Ngoai ra, cac ho nong dan phan Ictn di vao

phat trien san xuat theo kieu tU phat, manh ai nay lam

nha nha trong mia, thuoc la, san xuat xi mang, gach,

bia, k h i bi thua 16 t h i nong dan la ngUdi phai ganh

chiu Do la chifa ke den viec lam 6 n h i i m moi triidng t r i m

trong do each lam cong nghiep tCiy tien tren

Cong nghiep va dich vu da vao nong thon nhUng vdi

quy mo va each thiic nhu hien nay thi nong thon v^n chua

thoat khoi san xuat t i i cap tu tuc Tinh trang nay khong

giai quyet manh hdn, kip thdi hdn t h i lao dong nong thon

thieu viec lam ngay mot nhieu; thu nhap thap; thi trUdng

32

trong niidc khong mh rong; siicmua cua nong dan giam,

san pham cong nghiep t i i thanh pho' se \i dong Dieu nay se

anh hiidng trUc tiep tdi qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa nong nghiep, nong thon

Thi2 nam, la viec lam cho lao dong b cac cong dong lang

xa Hien nay, mac dii da c6 mot so chiidng trinh, dii an tao viec lam cho ngiidi lao dong, nhiing day v i n la van de bilc xuc so mot d cac cong dong lang xa Hdn 70% lao dong niidc

ta dang b nong thon va ho chi lao dong dUdc 60 - 70% thdi

gian cQ/the lam viec Co the xem nhii 30% lao dong nong thon chiia c6 cong an viec lam Con so nay hien nay da la

tren dudi 10 trieu ngiidi Nhiing vCing c6 cd gidi hoa kha hay vung mdi hinh thanh khu cong nghiep, dich vu thi chiia bie't

diia lao dong dU thufa di dau Co ndi ngiidi lao dong chi con

lam viec dudi 1/2 thdi gian trong nam Hang loat van de

kinh te - xa hoi b nong thon dang dat ra mot each gay g i t

Nong dan ra thanh thi, vung nay chay qua vung khac gay nhieu ro'i loan va ach t^c ve mat quan ly xa hoi

Trong luc do viec dao tao nghe cho nong dan chiia diidc quan tam dung mile, nong dan kho diidc tuyen vao cac k h u

cong nghiep va ciing kho c6 the md rong nganh nghe mdi b

cac cong dong lang xa

TM sdu, tuy da thiic hien dan chu d cd sd, da diia vao

cac cong dong lang xa mot luong sinh k h i mdi, tao nen mot

dong liic manh me cho sii doi mdi moi boat dong b day, nhUng viec trien khai tren mdi that sii d i i n ra b nhiing

cong dong c6 doi ngii can bo cd sd c6 dii nang liic, trinh do

dap ling yeu cdu, kinh te cua cong dong b do dang phat trien Nhiing ddn vi nhxi the con rat it

33

Qua trinh thiic hien dan chu d cd scl dang hoc 16 nhieu

thieu sot: doi ngu can bo con bat cap, nhat la con chUa

thong suot trong nhan thtfc de hanh dong nhil cong cu

phuc vu dan Dan chu 0 cd sci dang trien khai, nhUng cac cd

quan chile nang cap tren chUa c6 sU chuyen doi tUdng ling,

dieu nay that sU dang can trcf qua trinh dan chu hoa ci cac

cong dong lang xa Thu tuc con nhieu phien ha, tham chi

v6 ly

Vi vay, dan chu cd scl chi dat hieu qua tot k h i no diidc

thuc t h i thong nhat d ca cd quan lanh dao quan ly va ci ca

cong dong dan cU

Ben canh do, trong qua trinh thilc hien siJ doi m6i tong

the cac cong dong lang xa, nhieu dia phUdng chiia xac dinh

ro rang vi t r i bao quat cua van de dan chu ci cd sci, c6 nhieu

ndi dUdng nhii bi hoa tan vao cac phong trao khac nha

phong trao xay dUng xa,th6n van hoa, xoa doi giam ngheo,

dan so - ke hoach hoa gia dinh, v.v Hien nay ci nhieu ndi,

quy che dan chu nhu mot luong gio nhe thoi qua va dang

yeu dan

Quy che dan chu ci cd sci da ban hanh mdi neu ra cac

quyen dutdc ban bac va quyet dinh cua dan, nhiing chUa c6

che tai do'i v6i can bo khong thuc hien nhiJng quy che do

Do vay, khong i t can bo thUc hien quy che nay mot each

tiiy tien theo y minh

Thii bay, ve mat nhan thilc t u tUdng, the che to chiic va

can bo deu con rat yeu, bat cap ve nhieu mat: trinh do hoc

van cua can bo lang xa chii yeu la het cap II, can bo chuyen

nganh thieu, tham chi khong c6; cuoc song ngheo kho, phu

cap it; thieu nhQng the che hviu hieu rang buoc hoat dong

cua can bo So' dong con lam viec theo kinh nghiem; mot so can bo con bieu hien thieu dan chii Nhieu sai sot cua can

bo da diJdc kiem diem, phe binh nhiing v^n tai dien V i vay

cin phai c6 siJ thay doi manh ve the che, to chiic bo may

chii khong chi dufng lai 6 sU thiic tinh tifng liic ve dao diic Dao diic can bo la yeu to cd ban, nhUng tU no mdi chi la dieu kien can chii chiia la dieu kien du de doi m6i ,,

TIL M O T S O K I E N N G H I V A G I A I P H A P

Moi van de cua sii phat trien deu c6 biidc di cua no, khong the bi quan hay voi va diidc Nhiing ve cd ban phai

vach ra cho diidc nhiing nguyen tic chi phoi ci tang triic

tiep nhat cua hanh dong

- Qua trinh thiic hien Quy che dan chu ci cd sci^ chii yeu m6i dien ra tren linh viic dan ban va giai quyet dong gop xay diing cd sd ha ting ci lang xa Con ve mat dong gop xay diing quyen lam chii cua dan, sii doi mdi to chiic dang va chinh quyen cd sd chiia diidc thiic hien manh me va c6 hieu qua Hien tUdng long quyen, vi pham phap luat, tham nhiing cua mot so' can bo v i n dien ra khong it hdn triidc khi thiic hien Quy che dan chu, mac dii quy che nay da

thiic hien diidc ba nam, Trung Udng cvL nam doan can bo di

kiem tra d cac tinh, huyen thi nhieu ndi con boc 16 nhiing

1 Quy che dan chu cl cd sd la goi tat cua Quy che thUc hien dan

chu ci xa, phUdng, thi tran (Xem: Nghi quyet so 45/ 1998-UBTVQH

10 cua Uy ban ThiCdng vu Quoc hoi ngdy 26-2-1998 ve viec ban hanh Quy chethUc hien dan chit cl xa, phvCbng, thi tran)

thieu sot, vi pham dan chu ve nhieu mat Va hien nay tinh

hinh dang toi te hdn: can bo cac cap dUdng nhiJ dang bo rdi

van de dan chii d cd sd

De thuc hien Quy che dan chu d cd sd tot hdn can phai:

Mot Id, tap t r u n g t r i tue hdn nuta cho viec nghien ciiu,

tong ket nhufng van de cua nong dan va nong thon trong

dieu kien hien nay, c6 so sanh v6i nhieu nu6c khac Tranh

sU do d\l, mo mam keo dai, tranh s\i chong cheo, phan tan

ve chu trifdng, chinh sach, ve to chiic, dao tao can bo

O nadc ta hien nay c6 rat nhieu cd quan nghien ciiu ve

nong thon nhUng khong tap t r u n g thanh mot moi Ket qua

nghien ciiu thUdng la nhiing mang rdi, i t c6 sii phoi ket

hdp Tham chi c6 cd quan nghien cilu ton kem nhieu kinh

phi nhUng ket qua chi lap lai nhvJng dieu da biet, ho khong

noi sai dieu gi ca, nhUng khong c6 ich cho ddi mdi trong

thUc t i i n

Vi vay, can to chiic mot he thong nghien ciiu ve nong

dan, nong nghiep va nong thon, vdi bo phan dau nao chuyen

trach do Trung lidng Dang hay Chinh phu lap ra, c6 trach

nhiem dat ra yeu cau nghien cilu v6i cac nganh, cac cap va

cac ddn vi khoa hoc Sau do tong hdp lai de xuat v6i cac cap

lanh dao Tranh viec khong nghien ciiu chi thUc hien tong

ket kinh nghiem hang ngay; cung tranh viec nghien cutu rdi

rac khong tap hdp thanh chinh the de manh dan doi mdi

Nong thon, nong dan, nong nghiep la mot dia ban tao

the manh ve xuat khau, ve hiicfng cong nghiep hoa, hien

dai hoa, ve md rong t h i trUdng noi dia cho s\l phat trien

ciia dat nxidc trong the ky X X I , v i vay can phai diidc nghien

ciiu CO he thong, nghiem tuc va c6 chieu sau Hdn niia,

chiing ta da lay ho nong dan lam ddn v i san xuat triic tiep, thay doi hdp tac xa theo hiidng dich vu va diia Quy che dan chu ci cd sd vao cac cong dong lang xa tiic la chung ta di den t i n g sau hdn, tap t r u n g hdn nhCing van de ciia nong nghiep, nong dan va nong thon niidc ta k h i di vao cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa

Rat tiec, da va hien c6 khong i t can bo lanh dao va chi dao cua chung ta chifa thong nhat hay chiia hieu biet tam chien lufdc cua van de, chay theo tiing cong viec rieng re, tham chi mUdn viec hoat dong d nong thon de lay tieng, lay thanh tich nen dan oan ghet O day, van de nhan thiic lai, nhan thiic mot each khoa hoc va thong nhat nhan thiic se la con dildng doi mdi nhanh hdn, i t sai sot hdn so vdi hien nay

Hai Id, dieu gi la sii can tr6 chii yeu cua sii phat trien manh hdn cac cong dong lang xa Viet Nam hien nay? Phai chang cd che Dang lanh dao - Nha niidc quan ly - nhan dan

lam chu chUa difdc the che hoa mot each c6 hieu qua d cac

cong dong lang xa, ndi v i n con mang nang t i n h chat cua

mo hinh cii triidc day, no v&n con quay cac vong quay cua

no Cling v6i cac san pham khong theo dUdc yeu cau phat

trien hien nay

Dieu chung toi muon de cap d day la k h i ngUdi dan diidc phat huy quyen lam chu thiic sU t h i nhiing can bo c6

chiic, CO quyen c6 the sii dung quyen liic cung v6i bo may

diidc giao de miiu cau Idi ich ca nhan, long quyen, v i pham luat phap, ap che nhan dan Da qua nhieu ddt cung co', xay dung dang bo va chinh quyen cd sd nhiing t i n h h i n h

chxia cai thien dUdc nhieu Hien nay c6 khong i t can bo

D a n g va N h a nxidc v i p h a m Idi ich va quyen lilc cua dan de

m U u cau Idi ich ca n h a n Q u y e n lUc giao cho n h U n g ho

k h o n g b i k i e m soat, sai p h a m chUa b i p h a t h i e n va t r i i n g

t r i k i p t h d i

L a m t h e nao de d a n t h a t sii c6 quyen va k i e m soat

dUdc q u y e n lUc diidc giao cho cac ca n h a n can bo cua D a n g

va N h a nU6c?

T r o n g cac cong d o n g l a n g xa, bo m a y cua D a n g va N h a

nxidc tiep xuc triJc t i e p v d i d a n va do do, q u y e n l a m c h u ciia

d a n cl day p h a i dUdc t h i i c h i e n ro r a n g , t r i i c t i e p

Cac cong d o n g l a n g xa p h a i xay dUng mo h i n h theo

q u a n he d a n la ngUdi c h u q u y e t d i n h , la ngUdi k i e m t r a ,

g i a m sat va lUc Ivfdng txi q u a n thUc t h i cong viec ciia c h i n h

m i n h Cd q u a n , can bo cua D a n g va N h a nxidc la cong cu

ciia d a n de thUc h i e n qua t r i n h do TrCf nhuing h o a n c a n h

CO t i n h t i n h the' dac biet, con k h o n g c6 ngoai le nao ca

Tijfng hxidc, p h a i theo n g u y e n t^c do, n e u k h o n g c h i i n g t a

se k h o n g t h o a t dUdc v o n g q u a y cua c h i i n g h i a q u a n l i e u ,

dac quyen, dac Idi c h i phoi

O day v a i t r o , chijfc n a n g v a t r a c h n h i e m ciia d a n g u y

va c h i u y d xa, t h o n c^n p h a i xac d i n h ro l a :

- Cap u y cd sd l a n g xa k h o n g p h a i la cd q u a n d i n h r a

c h i n h sach ma l a n h dao l a m cho c h i n h sach, l u a t phap tu:

t r e n t h o n g suot den dan, de dan biet, dan b a n va thUc h i e n

- Cap u y cd sd cua D a n g k h o n g c6 chile n a n g n h a nU6c,

m o i viec l i e n q u a n den d a n , cap u y l a n h dao t h o n g qua con

dUdng c h i n h q u y e n v d i cac t h e che, l u a t le n h a nu6c D a n g

giao due, dao tao can bo de d a n lUa c h o n vao cac cd q u a n

c h i n h quyen C h i n h q u y e n m a n h tile la D a n g m a n h

- Cap u y l a n h dao de cho bo m a y to chile va can bo

k h o n g dUdc long quyen, ilc hiep d a n , v i p h a m Q u y che d a n chu d cd sci Cap u y d a n g to chile va l a n h dao bo m a y

k i e m t r a sao cho no c6 quyen h a n doc lap, k i e m t r a t a t ca

va n h a t la k i e m t r a hoat dong cua can bo, dang v i e n T a t

ca nhufng sai sot ciia can bo t h i d a n g u y , c h i u y p h a i la ngUdi c h i u t r a c h n h i e m trUde t i e n D a n g bo p h a i giao due, dao tao, tap hdp doi n g u d a n g v i e n t h a n h n h i i n g ngUdi eo dao diic va t r i t u e t i e u b i e u ciia l a n g xa C a n bg, d a n g v i e n

song va l a m viec nhxi n h i i n g t a m gUdng cho cong dong d a n

cu:, n h u l i n h h o n song cua xa, t h o n

Van de ccf ban can doi mdi la: D a n g uy, c h i u y xa, t h o n

l a n h dao d a n , n h i f n g k h o n g quyet d i n h t h a y d a n , m a t o n g hdp de x u a t de d a n biet, d a n b a n va quyet d i n h trUe tiep hoac qua H o i d o n g n h a n d a n xa D a n g giao due va dao tao

can bg, d a n g v i e n ' d e q u a hiu cii, d a n c h g n vao cac chile v u

can t h i e t T i l n g d a n g v i e n va t a p t h e d a n g bg p h a i g i i d n g

m i u de t a p hdp n h a n d a n v i muc d i c h p h a t t r i e n t i e n bg

D a y k h o n g p h a i la b u o n g long sU l a n h dao m a la sxi t h a y

doi p h i i d n g t h i l c l a n h dao c6 h i e u qua h d n cua dang bg cd sd theo h u d n g xay dUng quyen lUc cua dan t i l cd sd

- H g i d o n g n h a n d a n xa p h a i dUde d a n b a u chgn t h a t sil theo t i n n h i e m cua d a n T r o n g t h i l c te, b a u eil H g i d o n g

n h a n d a n , da so dildc d a n b ^ u la n h i i n g n g i l d i t i e u b i e u

n h u D a n g u y m o n g m u o n Y D a n g va y d a n t h o n g n h a t tH

muc dich, t i l n h a n d i n h ve con n g i i d i N h i i n g sai lech la

k h o n g d a n g ke va d i k h i e phue H g i d o n g n h a n d a n p h a i

la n d i b a n bac t h a u dao ve viec t h i l c h i e n cac c h i n h sach,

l u a t p h a p m t r e n d i i a xuong, g i a m sat hoat d o n g cua U y

ban nhan dan xa va de xuat cac sang kien chu dgng d cd sci

Dang uy de xuat y kien cua minh va lanh dao sao cho Hoi

dong nhan dan ban bac, tham dinh va quyet dinh Lanh

dao chinh t r i la khdi day sang kien, tinh chu dong va thiJc

hien quyen liic nha nxidc, chU khong phai lam thay, quyet

dinh thay

- Xa la ddn v i hanh chinh cd sd, nhUng ci day da va

dang bat dau qua t r i n h t\i quan ngay cang dUdc mcl rong

Thon (lang) la ndi thiic hanh chvLc nang hanh chinh cua

xa nhu: t h u thue, thUc hien cac nghia v u do'i vdi nha

nxidc con lai, no chu yeu la ddn vi t i i quan V6i t i n h chat

t u quan do, thon can c6 cd che txl quan ro rang Van de cd

ban dUdc dat ra cl day la khong chd nha nxidc lam cho

m i n h ma chu yeu m i n h phai txl lam My cung v6i sii h6 t r d

cd the cua nha nxidc T i n h chu dong cua thon phai dUdc

nhan manh trong quan he nha nUdc va nhan dan ciing

lam Do do, viec dan ban, dan quyet dinh, thxic hien va

kiem tra phai la nguyen t^c cd ban trong toan bo to chiic

va boat dong cua cac cd sd dang, trUcing thdn va doan the

Tat ca deu khong diing tren dan ra lenh, ma la tao dieu

kien cho dan hieu, dan ban va dan quyet dinh Trxidc day

lanh dao la quyet dinh tat ca con bay gid lanh dad la lam

cho dan txl quyet dinh, va dan giam sat, kiem tra can bd

lanh dad, quan ly mot each trxlc tiep Phai c6 cd che de

can bd bao cao boat dong, t h u chi va nhiing sai sot cong

khai trU6c dan, chiu sii phe binh gop y cua dan Day la sU

thay doi phUdng thiic lanh dao cua Dang va cd quan cdng

quyen ngay til thon xom Kho khan trong viec thUc hien

phUdng thiic nay con khong i t do mat hkng dan t r i , t r i n h

40

do can bo Nhieu ndi dxia vad nhiJng kho khan nay de

khong lam hay lam qua loa roi bo qua, nhiing nhieu ndi

vkn quyet tam lam, hoac lam tving bu:6c theo phadng thiic

do, tham chi lam thiidng xuyen tao thanh nep sd'ng van hda - chinh t r i ciia thon x6m

- Bau trUdng thdn hien la van de quan trong trong xay

dung thon lang txl quan Lam the nao chqn dung ngUdi? To chiic dang dxi kien, dem trao doi v6i cac doan the roi lap danh sach dxla ra dan ban Do la each lam von da c6 Co the thUc hien each m6i, xac dinh xem da so' dan that sxl

muo'n ai? Phat phieu tham do cho tiing ho de ho the hien y muon chqn ai, va tong hdp lai nhiJng ngiidi nhieu phieu

nhat, chqn 3 bau 1, hay 5 bau 3 (sau k h i ban bau cii do

chinh cd sd dang chu t r i neu tieu chuan cua ngUdi diidc bau) Dieu nay khich le difdc Idng tiJ t i n chinh t r i , khich le dUdc y thijtc lam chu cua nhan dan hdn la each lam cii Ket qua dd cho thay y dinh cua dan khong khac v6i y dinh cua

Dang Trong trUdng hdp bi thvf, pho bi thxi chi bo hay dang vien khdng dUdc dan de cxl, hoac c6 nhiing khong diidc bau

thi phai xem day la dieu binh thufdng cua ddi song chinh

t r i - xa hoi Neu viec bau cxl do khong chinh xac, dan se

thay qua cong viec, se phe binh, se thay doi nhan dinh cua minh Neu viec bau do la chon diing ngUdi t h i cd sd dang phai xem lai, tai sad da sd' dan khong t i n nhiem cac bi thii,

pho bi thxl hay dang vien cua minh? Phai txl y thiic lai,

phai t i m ra nguyen nhan de stfa doi, nghiem kh^c trong xay diing, chinh don Dang Lay sii t i n nhiem, lay quyen liic cua da so' lam thiidc do ban dau ve pham chat, nang lUc lam viec cua chi bo Dang, can bo doan the va triidng thdn

C^n manh dan lam, mb ra nhiing each lam mdi de

dan tap song trong dan chu va bSng dan chu Dieu nay

dan dan se trO thanh thoi quen, nep song binh thUdng va

la siic manh rat cd ban de phat trien nong thon Viet

Nam Hdn nvia, silc manh nay doi hoi phai c6 nhflng thay

doi, lam Ian toa sU chi pho'i cua the che dan chu, buoc cac

cd quan, can bo huyen, tinh, ngay cang phai doi m6i

nhanh chong hdn

Trong Quy che dan chu ci cd scl, can c6 them mot so

dieu mang tinh che tai doi vdi can bo Dan doi hoi quyen

dan chu, nhilng can bo khong thttc hien t h i sao? (Trong

cac hUdng xidc, quy xldc lang xa mdi lap ci nhieu ndi, phan

quy dinh cho can bo cung khong c6 - thUdng la quy dinh

cho dan!) Hien tudng can bo vi pham Quy che dan chu

hien da c6 va c6 nhieu Dan chu d cd sd ton tai b i n g

quan he dan - can bo Can bo vi pham t h i dan thiic hien

dan chu vdi ai? Phai hit buoc va trCfng t r i nhutng can bo

khong thiJc hien, vi pham Quy che dan chu ci cd sd Dan

chu d day khong con la y tilcing dao diic ma la the che

nha nxidc bat buoc moi ngUdi phai thtfc hien Co the va

can dUa cd che dan chu ra Quo'c hoi ban de nang thanh

luat phap lau dai thay vi chi la nghi dinh tarn thdi cua

Chinh phu

Van de dan chii d cd sd c6 y nghia chien lUdc to 16n tren

quy mo toan quoc va s\l phat trien lau dai cua dat nU6c

Viec de ra va ihxlc thi chien lUdc nay cua Bp Chinh t r i va

Chinh phu la mot quyet dinh chien lUdc sang suot va la

mot bu6c di cd ban trong doi mdi ddi song chinh t r i ciia

Viet Nam

Nhilng rat tiec trong cong tac ly luan, t u tUdng chua trien khai kip thdi v6i tam quan trong cua van de Trong nhieu nam qua, viec tuyen truyen dan chu d cd sd con i t tren cac phuldng tien thong tin dai chung, tham chi con rdi rac, khong tap trung Cac cd quan nghien cilu hau nhu chUa di sau ve van de nay, chUa c6 cac cong trinh nghien

ciiu CO chieu sau tUdng ving

Ve mat to chiic, trien khai, nhieu nganh, nhieu cd quan

chula vao cuoc, v\ia khong t\l minh thxlc hien dan chia trong

cd quan, viia khong that siJ tham gia thuc day dan chu ci cd

sci O cap tinh, huyen khong i t ndi lam qua loa nh\i mot chien dich roi de lang xuo'ng, md dkn

Khong nen xem "dan chu ci cd sd" nhu mot phong trao ben canh cac phong trao van hoa, dan so', y te, tao cong an viec lam ma phai xem no la cai nen, la phUdng thiic cd ban de dan quyet dinh lam tat ca nhiJng gi can thiet cho cuoc song ciia ho, dong thdi cung la cai nen, la phildng thiic

cd ban de doi mdi to chiic Dang, chinh quyen, doan the d cd

sd lang xa

Chinh vi the, thxic hien dan chu khong nen chi don vao

viec huy dong dan xay dUng cac cong trinh ha tang cd sd,

ma quan trong la lam cho dan that s\i trd thanh ngUdi chu

de xay dvtng cong dong lang xa, trong do c6 viec doi mdi he thong chinh t r i va dao tao, sang loc can bo

De nghi Trung Udng Dang dUa van de dan chu ci cd sci

ra ban ky ci Dai hoi Dang hoac mot ky hop cua Trung Udng

va cuoc hop Quoc hoi gan nhat de Chinh phia tdng ket va

trien khai dan chii nh\i mot the che b i t buoc thifdng xuyen

trong cac cd quan va cong dong cd sd •

Ba Id, hien nay trung binh moi xa c6 5.000 - 7.000 dfin,

so' xa CO 15.000 - 30.000 dan cung khong i t Neu vUdt con

so 5.000 - 7.000 t h i nen chia ra Thon cung chi nen c6 tren

dudi 1.500 dan Chia xa, thon khong chi can cd vao dan so'

ma con dUa vao dia hinh, quan he xa hoi - van hoa, ket cau

nghe nghiep, v.v NhUng quy mo dan s o ' v i n la yeu to chi

phoi cd ban Rong qua, dong qua se viidt gidi han "ddn v i cd

sd" va t r i n h do ciing nhii thdi gian lam viec cua can bo cd

sd Moi viec deu don xuo'ng cd sd se de hi bo qua hay lam

qua loa

Can nang cao trach nhiem ca nhan cua can bo trong

cac cd quan lanh dao quan ly cap lang xa va ca cap tren

lang xa do'i vdi quyen dan chu ciia nhan dan Neu khong,

k h i quyen Idi cua ngUdi dan hi xam pham t h i dan khong

biet doi hoi sU bao ve tii dau Chay den ndi nay l a i hi day

qua ndi kia, hoac den dung ch6 roi v^n hi "de xem l a i "

hang nam

O mot so' dia phiidng s\i long quyen, tham nhung

khong con dijfng lai d nhiing cd quan hoat dong trong Imh

vUc dat dai, tai chinh ma da Ian sang cac nganh giao due,

van hoa, y te va ca viec c^t xen k i n h phi xoa doi giam

ngheo, cho'ng thien tai l i i lut, t r d cap thiidng, benh binh,

gia dinh liet si Nhieu vi pham da khong hi phat hien kip

thdi va khong hi triing t r i nghiem khSc

Tai sao nhieu vu viec tiTdng t u keo dai ma lanh dao

van khong biet, hoac biet roi lai bo qua? Tai sao thanh uy,

tinh uy, huyen uy, dang uy khong biet, nhat la k h i da c6

ddn thxi to giac, khieu kien cua dan? "Mot viec nho" diJdc

bo qua, t h i se tao ra nhiJng sai pham Idn hdn

44

Muo'n giai quyet van de nay, triidc het phai xac dinh

day la thii giac noi xdm nhxt Chu tich Ho Chi M i n h kh^ng

dinh, la nguy cd lam tang moi nguy cd khac ma dat nifdc ta

dang phai dUdng dau Ndi nao, cap nao c6 nhieu tieu c\ic

thi thUdng trUc cap uy (triJdc het bi thu) va t h u tradng ddn

vi phai chiu trach nhiem ca nhan (tuf chiic den each chile) Neu dong 16a hay cung vi pham t h i phai truy to' trifdc phap luat Phai xay diJng cho dUde he tho'ng giam sat, kiem tra tif phap vufng manh, hoat dong eo quyen han doc lap vdi

cac cd quan va ca nhan thUe thi O huyen Tanh Linh, hay

Do Sdn trade day, cd quan t\i phap, thanh tra, kiem tra

biet sU viec nhiing chi diing ngoai, muo'n thue hien chiic nang t h i phai thinh t h i chinh ngay nhiJtng ngUdi phai bi

kiem tra Chinh cd che nay da triet tieu hieu \\ic cua cac cd

quan chile nang

Chilng nao cd quan t i i phap, thanh tra, kiem tra khong hoat dong doc lap theo chile nang phap dinh t h i viec cho'ng long quyen va tham nhung khong the thanh cong Van de cd ban d day la quyen liie nha nifdc phai diide tap trung, nhUng chinh vi the phai bi kiem soat chat che Quyen lilc tap trung trong tay cac ca nhan va to chile ma khong bi kiem soat chat che se ehuyen thanh quyen luc phe nhom, ca nhan doe doan, doe quyen, milu cau nhiing Idi ich vi ky, doi nghich lai quyen Idi cua dan Khong i t triidng hdp cd quan quyen lilc nhan danh Nha nUde eifdng bile, ap dat de chiem doat dat dai, nha cUa, von lie'ng, tien bac cua dan, lap quy rieng chia nhau hay bien thanh eong cu miJu Idi cho bon lam an phi phap de lay hoa hong trong khai thae rOfng, trong xuat nhap khau, trong thUc hien cac dil an qua "quan he A - B"

Tinh hinh khieu kien hien nay d nhieu tinh, huyen da

chilng to can phai to chiic lai nganh tU phap, kiem tra,

thanh tra Nhiing nganh chCfc nang nay phai giu! v i t r i chu

cho't trong viec chong vi pham luat phap, khong de bi boa

tan, bi cuon theo hay bi diing ngoai

Tai sao chung ta da lap toa an hanh chinh tii cap

huyen trci len nhifng chua xii dudc cac quan chiic lam sai

Mot chu tich huyen ky lenh lay dat ciia dan sai, toa an

hanh chinh khong xii dxiOc Tham chi c6 trUdng hdp can bo

lay dat cong chia nhau, can bo lanh dao biet, chinh quyen

bie't, dan biet nhUng cac cd quan thanh tra to' t u n g khong

thiic hien dUdc chufc nang doc lap, nen khong dua ra toa

an dUdc

B i thif dang lanh dao, chii tich dieu hanh chung,

nhUng can phai lanh dao dieu hanh sao cho cac cd quan t\i

phap, kiem tra, thanh tra boat dong doc lap va c6 the kiem

tra ca chinh minh Trong nhiing viec cu the dac biet quan

trong, cac cd quan nay phai bao cac, trao doi v6i cac cap

lanh dao de dutdc dinh hUclng x i i ly dung dan nhUng neu

nhan danh lanh dao can thiep qua sau, qua cu the vao

quyen ban ciia cac nganh chiic nang ma nganh do khong

dong y thi phai c6 van ban va phai chiu trdch nhiem cd

nhan trxidc phap luat

Trong t i n h hinh hien nay, T r u n g Udng Dang, Quoc hm

va Chinh phii da thanh lap mot iiy ban quoc gia chong

tham nhiing va quan lieu, long quyen v6i day du quyen

ban cung v6i to chiic, nhan sU, k i n h p h i tUdng iing Chung

ta khong sd tang bien che va chi tieu ngan sach cho l i n h

vUc nay vi day la t h i i bien che va ngan sach de lam giam

bien che va tiet kiem ngan sach d moi cap, moi nganh K h i hinh thijtc to chiic va boat dong ciia iiy ban nay dUdc trien

khai t h i nhan dan cl cac cong dong cd sd yen tam, t\l t i n

hdn de lo lam an phat trien

Bon la, can tap t r u n g va trien khai manh viec dao tao

nguon nhan luc va can bo cd sd ci cac cong dong lang xa Chung ta m6i tap trung md cac trUdng day nghe cho lao dong d thanh t h i , con d nong thon chUa c6 chii triidng va to chiic thong nhat lo viec dao tao nay Mdi chi c6 mot so' i t boat dong khuyen nong, chiia dap iing dUdc yeu cau cua hang chuc trieu con ngUdi D^u t a cho xay dvtng dUdng, trUdng, t r a m la quan trong nhUng xay dUng cac t r u n g tam day nghe cho nong dan khong phai i t quan trong hdn Nong thon khong phat trien nhieu nganh nghe t h i khong the thoat khoi t i n h trang t u cap, t u tuc Co sii giam sat,

kiem tra chat che viec sii dung k i n h p h i d^u t\i cho nong

thon t h i khong can tang k i n h p h i van danh ra dUdc mot ty

le dang ke cho viec lap cac t r u n g tam day nghe cho cac cong dong lang xa

Viec dao tao can bo cd scl dang gap kho k h a n ve k i n h

p h i va viec sii dung lao dong ciing gap nhieu vUcfng mac

ve lUdng, bien che, che do cong tac phi, v.v Nhieu niidc

t r e n the gidi khong xem can bo lang xa la cong chiic ma

chi n h u la ngUdi cua dan cvL, t h u nhap theo t r d cap cua quy ixi quan t a i cho hay t r d cap them mot phan t i i ngan

sach dUdc t r i c h lai Trong dieu kien hien nay giai quyet theo huctng tren se t h i c h hdp hdn la cong chiic boa ngay can bo cd sd lang xa M o t k h i k i n h te xa, thon phat t r i e n kha t h i phu cap cho can bo lang xa khong con la van de

C u n g CO the c6 p h i f d n g a n c h i n h quy la, n h a nU6c

t h o n g n h a t dao tao c h i i t i c h xa t h e o t r i n h do d a i hoc h a n h

c h i n h , bo n h i e m l a m c h u t i c h xa, con cac b a n n g a n h cvf can

bo c h u y e n m o n y te, giao due, cong a n , d i a c h i n h ve l a m

viec t a i xa Cac chiic d a n h n a y la cong chiic song t r o n g b i e n

che theo n g a n h doc T a t ca l a m viec d\idi s U q u y e t d i n h cua

cac h o i d o n g d a n cii va q u y e t d i n h trvfc t i e p cua d a n

N h U vay, m 5 i xa se c6 ba, b o n h a y n a m c o n g chiic

n h a n i i d c l a m viec va c6 t h e d i e u d o n g q u a l a i hoac l e n

xuo'ng H o se l a m viec n h u c o n g c u h a n h c h i n h v a

c h u y e n m o n c i i a cac h o i d o n g d a n cii va cua d a n N e u

l a m t h e o p h U d n g a n t h i i h a i n a y t h i viJng ch^c h d n , i t

n h a t l a c6 cai l o i c h u y e n n g h i e p dUdc dao tao c6 he t h o n g

va difdc h i i d n g l U d n g t h e o che do c o n g chvic C h i n h bg

p h a n c o n g chiic n a y se l a m cho d a n h i e u diidc l u a t p h a p

va CO k i e n t h i i c c h u y e n m o n k h i b a n bac va g i a i q u y e t

c o n g viec d cd sci

C^n de cap t h e m v a n de dao tao can bg cd sd h i e n n a y ci

cac t r U d n g c h i n h t r i t r o n g t i n h O day md 16p dao tao can

bg p h i i d n g , xa (va t i f d n g dUdng) theo chUdng t r i n h Trung

hoc chinh tri d t a t ca 12 m o n hgc

Trxldc het, c6 n e n m d cap hgc Trung hgc chinh tri h a y

khong? N e u m o t c a n bg da c6 bSng d a i hgc (can bg phong,

b a n d t i n h , h u y e n ) t h i ngi d u n g hgc t r u n g hgc c h i n h t r i cl

day k h o n g t h e n h i e u h d n da hgc d cac' d a i hgc c h u y e n

n g a n h k h o a hgc k y t h u a t va cang i t h d n d cac d a i hgc k h o a hgc xa hgi va n h a n v a n V 6 i n g i i d i c h u a c6 b 4 n g dai hgc m a

m u o n theo con diJdng l a m l a n h dao q u a n l y t h i n e n k h u y e n

t r i n h CO ngi d u n g va doi tUdng la can bg cd scl l a n g xa

C h i i d n g t r i n h do c6 t i n h c h a t k h a i q u a t cao, d t a m

c h i e n liidc v i mo, con n h i i n g n g i d u n g gin v d i chiic n a n g

h o a t dong cua can bg cd sci t h i qua i t , k h o n g ro r a n g So

s a n h v 6 i n h i e u niidc h i e n nay, k h o n g n d i nao c6 n g i d u n g dao tao can bg xa p h i i d n g n h i i t h e ca T r u n g Quo'c c i i n g da

l a m k h a c r a t n h i e u

0 day k h o n g n e n c h i a theo cap hgc ( t r u n g hgc) m a xac

d i n h do'i t i i g n g va n h u cau k i e n t h i i c c^n de l a m viec cl l a n g

xa C h i n e n mcl cac 16p boi d i i d n g (hoac dao tao) ngin ngay,

d a i n h a t k h o n g n e n q u a ba t h a n g P h a i chang, n g i d u n g

c h i n e n t a p t r u n g vao: <-f/'v

- D i i d n g l o i va cac c h i n h sach cd b a n ciia D a n g va N h a nude do'i v d i n o n g n g h i e p , n o n g t h o n va n o n g d a n

- Cac va'n de ccJ ban ve l u a t phap lien quan den cuoc

song cua cac cong dong lang xa - •

- N h i i n g van de k i n h te, chinh t r i , xa hoi d xa, thon

- K i n h nghiem dien h i n h t r o n g phat t r i e n cong dong

lang xa

Cuo'i dot dUa hoc vien khao sat mot so' dOn v i dien h i n h

va m6i hoc vien txl xay diing mot de an phat t r i e n lang xa

ciia m i n h

Doi v6i can bo cO sci 0 phiJOng, t h i t r S n nen c6 16p r i e n g

va can bo phong, ban ci t i n h , huyen cQng nen c6 16p rieng

Hoac ca ba loai 16p nay ciing to chiic hoc chung mot doi

t u a n va sau do tach ra hoc chuyen sau t r o n g l i n h vUc ma

m i n h cong tac

Ngoai ra, doi vdi hoc sinh nong thon, em nao hoc gioi,

hoac CO nang k h i e u dac biet t h i nha n\idc ckn c6 ngan sach

rieng de dai tho d u dieu k i e n an hoc, n h a t la doi v6i con em

thuoc dien ho doi ngheo Khong nen de t i n h t r a n g t h a n h

nien nong thon c6 nang liic ma buoc phai bo hoc v i hoan

canh gia d i n h kho k h a n

Nam Id, phai giam sat, k i e m t r a that chat che phiidng

hu6ng dau tvf va cac nguon k i n h p h i d t i n h , huyen sao cho

khong sai muc dich va khong mat mat ThUc te dang c6

mot so' t i n h xay nha may, cong ty, k h u dich v u , k h u cong

nghiep v.v khong t h i c h hdp hoac thua 16 lien tuc va b i cac

phan t i i l a m an p h i phap cxidp di t i e n t r i e u , tien ty Do la

chua ke den viec nhieu ndi xay t r u sci do so, mua s^m

t r a n g bi xa x i , lang p h i t i e n cua, dat dai qua 16n T i n h ,

huyen lang p h i va de mat mat den rnvLc do t h i con t i e n dau

Phai to chiic l a i , phai t h a t s\i doi m6i boat dong giam

sat, t h a n h tra, k i e m t r a Phai lam thUdng xuyen, l a m quyet liet khong p h u thuoc vao ca nhan quan chiic nao ca

Khong de s\l viec xau xay ra r o i chay theo giai quyet, ma

phai l a m cho no khong dUdc phep xay ra Da den luc t i n h , huyen nao de lang p h i , t h a t thoat t i e n cua ciia dan t h i can

bo l a n h dao phai c h i u trach nhiem, ho khong ngan chan diidc t h i nen bai mien, hoac t r u y to' t u y theo miic do sai pham, t h i e t hai

Da't dai la van de sinh t i i cua nong dan ci cac cong dong

lang xa D u n g den dat la dung den phiJdng t i e n cd ban de

duy t r i cuoc song ciia tiing ho, n h a t la t r o n g luc cac nganh

nghe chUa phat t r i e n n h u hien nay M o t hecta dat nong nghiep la v6 gia, khong phai chi do no diidc k h a i pha b^ng

mo hoi na6c mkt cua nhieu the he, ma no con la nguon

song ciia da so' dan cU, la canh quan, la moi sinh cua dat nii6c Lay dat nong nghiep de xay dUng cong t r i n h , de do

t h i hoa vUdt qua mot gidi h a n nao do se gay t h a m hoa ve nhieu mat k i n h te, xa hoi, moi sinh Chung ta can t r a n h

n h i i n g sai l a m nghiem t r o n g ma n h i e u nxldc da t r a i qua va

bay gid bvfng t i n h t h i da muon

TrOf n h i i n g cong t r i n h cong cong c6 quy mo 16n, lien quan den an n i n h quo'c phong, con nhutng cong t r i n h n h i i san gon, x i nghiep, t r u sci cong ty, chd, ben xe, v.v phai c6

su thifdng lutdng den bu ma dan c6 the chap nhan diidc Tuyet do'i khong de cac cd sd k i n h doanh lay dat ciia dan lam Idi cho m i n h

M o t v a n de khac la, i i n g ho hay ngan chan dat d a i

d o n g l a n g xa b i p h a n t a n , m a n h m u n c h i t h i c h h d p v d i

san x u a t t i l cap, t u t i i c Ve l a u d a i , d a t d a i t a p t r u n g vao

cac ho va cac d d n v i c h u y e n san x u a t n o n g n g h i e p la x u

h u 6 n g t a t y e u c u a s i i p h a t t r i e n Nhu:ng d i e u do c h i d i e n

ra m o t each h d p ly k h i c6 cac ho muo'n c h u y e n n h i i d n g

q u y e n sU d u n g d a t de c h u y e n s a n g n g a n h n g h e k h a c h a y

dxia d a t vao h d p tac k i n h d o a n h C o n n e u d i e u do d i i n

r a t h e o l o i tu6c d o a t c i i a n o n g d a n , day n o n g d a n den b a n

Cling hoa t h i do l a q u a t r i n h d i ngUdc l a i d i n h hifcfng xa

h o i c h u n g h i a

N o i r o n g r a , p h a i t a p hdp cac n g u o n lUc d n o n g t h o n

vao n h i i n g con ngUdi, n h i i n g d d n v i b i e t l a m a n , b i e t k i n h

d o a n h c6 h i e u qua, n h U n g do p h a i l a qua t r i n h p h a n cong

m d i , hdp tac m 6 i de tao t h e m cong a n viec l a m , tao t h e m

n g a n h nghe m 6 i c h i i k h o n g t h e la q u a t r i n h tudc doat t a i

san cua n o n g d a n cho b a t k y c h u t h e k i n h d o a n h nao, d u l a

cvia n h a nxldc h a y t\i n h a n

T\i m o t so' k i e n n g h i ve g i a i p h a p n e u t r e n , d day c h i i n g

t a can t h o n g n h a t he t h o n g q u a n d i e m t r o n g h o a t dong xay

d u n g cong d o n g l a n g xa V i e t N a m h i e n nay:

1 T r o n g t h d i d a i n g a y nay, d n h Q n g nvr6c m a n o n g d a n

c h i e m d a i bo p h a n t h i con d u d n g p h a t t r i e n k h o n g t h e l a

hoc n o n g n g h i e p cho cong n g h i e p , n o n g t h o n cho do t h i ,

n o n g d a n cho cac t h a n h pho' S u p h a t t r i e n cua cac nxidc

m a n o n g d a n c h i e m d a i bo p h a n v i n p h a i t a p t r u n g vao

n o n g n g h i e p , h u d n g vao n o n g n g h i e p m a cong n g h i e p hoa,

h i e n d a i hoa; q u a viec n a n g cao d d i song n o n g t h o n va n o n g

d a n (dai bo p h a n d a n cU) de tao n e n t a n g vijtng chac cho sU

p h a t t r i e n cua t o a n xa h o i

52

2 Hudng ve ccf sd cong dong lang xd l a m o t t r o n g

n h i i n g c h i e n lildc l a u d a i va cd b a n de p h a t t r i e n d a t nxidc,

h u y d o n g t i e m n a n g va siic m a n h cua da so', l a m cho da

so C O cuoc song n g a y c a n g n a n g cao; tao l o n g t i i t i n va

t i n h chia d o n g cua da so'; dao tao c a n bo, xay d i i n g bo m a y

l a n h dao, q u a n l y nhiJ cong c u p h u c v u d a n ; h i n h t h a n h

t h e che da so' so'ng t r o n g d a n c h u va p h a t t r i e n b i n g d a n

c h i i TCf do xay d U n g h o a t d o n g c u a bo m a y D a n g , N h a

niicfc, d o a n t h e t\i dxidi l e n , l a m cho tiing cd q u a n , d d n v i

cl cac cap, n g a n h p h a i c6 t r a c h n h i e m c u t h e v 6 i cac c o n g

d o n g cd scl

G i a i q u y e t va xay d i i n g tit cd sd Id gidi quyet vd xdy dUng tic goc de h i e n t h u c hoa t r i i c t i e p q u a n he "cua d a n ,

do d a n , v i d a n " - m o t y e u c a u q u a n t r o n g t r o n g s i i n g h i e p each m a n g cua c h i i n g t a

3 T i i n g biidc p h a n cap m a n h h d n n i i a , d i i a m o t t y le

t h i c h hdp ve n g a n sach, k i n h p h i v a q u y e n h a n x u o n g cho

cac d i a p h i i d n g , den t a n cd sd N h a nxidc T r u n g l i d n g k h o n g

t h e l a m t a t ca m a n e n t a p t r u n g vao viec d i n h h i i d n g , d i e u

t i e t , ho t r d , k i e m t r a , g i a m sat de k h d i day t i n h t i i chOi, t i i

q u a n b cac cap d u 6 i , ke ca cap cd sd l a n g xa

4 P h a i x a h o i hoa n h a n h h d n cac d i c h v u cho n o n g

t h o n , t r i i c t i e p den t i i n g cong d o n g l a n g xa C a i gi de cho cac to chiic ngoai C h i n h p h u l a m k i p t h d i , c6 i c h t h i m a n h

d a n k h u y e n k h i c h T r a n h t i n h t r a n g de cac cd q u a n d i c h

v u cua n h a niidc lo h e t theo cd che doc q u y e n x i n - cho se

t i c h t u ngay cang n h i e u sai sot, t i e u ciic

5 X a y d i i n g m o t he t h o n g g i a m sat, k i e m t o a n ,

k i e m t r a , t h a n h t r a , t i i p h a p sao cho he t h o n g n a y c6

h o a t dong d cac cong dong l a n g xa, g i u p can bo cd scl lap cac

d i i a n p h a t t r i e n , quy hoach l a i d a t d a i , t a i n g u y e n , dao tao

lao dong, k h u y e n nong, pho b i e n l u a t p h a p , m d r o n g giao

l u u k i n h te, v a n hoa theo y e u c^u tijfng cong viec hoac

b i e t p h a i m o t v a i n a m S u t U q u a n , c h u dong cua cong

dong l a n g xa k h o n g t h e t h u c h i e n c6 h i e u qua n e u t h i e u sU

ho t r d t r i t u e tH ngoai va tH t r e n

7 Q u y d i n h h o a t dong cua cac d d n v i nong, l a m t r U d n g

p h a i CO n o i d u n g xay d i i n g cac cong dong l a n g xa va n a n g

cao cuoc song v a t chat, t i n h t h a n ciaa n o n g d a n dia p h i f d n g ,

x e m day la m o t chiic n a n g , n h i e m v u c6 t i n h cd b a n cua cac

t r a n g can bo, cd q u a n chiic n a n g n o i n h i e u l a m i t , n o i m a

k h o n g l a m , n o i c h u n g c h u n g k h o n g gin v 6 i y e u cau cua

n o n g t h o n

9 D a y m a n h cai each h a n h c h i n h gom n h i e u m a t ve

t h e che, to chiic, b i e n che, c a n bo n h U n g do'i v d i n o n g

d a n p h a i t\i c h a y k h l p "cac ct(a" M o t c i i a k h o n g p h a i

cac d d n v i d o n g ciang m o t cho m a c h i m o t cd q u a n n h a n

v a c h i u t r a c h n h i e m g i a i q u y e t t h e o t h d i h a n dUdc q u y

d i n h S^p xep q u a n he c o n g viec n h a t h e nao de l a m

diidc viec do l a c o n g viec cai each h a n h c h i n h chvL k h o n g

p h a i cua d a n

C h u n g t a xay dUng n h a nxldc l a xay dUng m o t to ehiic

d a n e h u cua da so - tiic cua n h a n d a n lao dong, thUc h i e n

" d a n biet, d a n b a n , d a n k i e m t r a " D a y l a qua t r i n h l i e h sil

l a u d a i va c6 the thUc h i e n m a n h ngay tvf d a u t a i cac cong dong cd scl nhvf c h u n g t a d a n g thUe h i e n

10 D a n g l a n h dao de d a n thUe h i e n q u y e n l a m c h u cua

m i n h D a n g l a n h dao xay diJng n h a nu6e cua d a n c h i i

k h o n g t r d t h a n h n h a nu6c d i i n g t r e n t h a y cho n h a nxidc

cua d a n D a n g d i i n g ve p h i a d a n de g i a m sat t a t ca m o i

h o a t dong xa hoi, h a 6 n g m o i to chufc, can bo, d a n g v i e n vao

viec xay dUng q u y e n \\lc va Idi i c h cua d a n

nhie'u l y do chifa the^ l a m h a n g loat, n h U n g c h u n g t a c6

THin; HIEN QUY CHE DAN CHU -Z

GAN VOfI VIEC XAY DUNG CHJNH QUYEN CAP XA

-VAN DE VA GIAI PHAP CHUNG

I TAM VOC CUA VAN DE

S i i t h o n g n b a t gifla t b i i c t b i Q u y cbe d a n c h u d cd sci v a xay d u n g c b i n h q u y e n d xa d a n g trci t h a n h p h U d n g t b i i c va siic m a n h r a t cd b a n t r o n g sU p b a t t r i e n n o n g t h o n d nU6c

r a n b U n g t i n h chat, thUc t r a n g va x u h u d n g gi? Co t h e n e u

l e n n h i e u v a n de Icfn sau day:

Trong gan mot the ky qua, nong dan Viet Nam da dau

tranh quyet het khong chi chong ap biic dan toe ma di hen

v6i do la chong ap bijfc con ngUdi va bat cong xa hoi Ho da

chuyen dUdc dieu do thanh noi liic va phUdng thiic song

pho bien ci khap cac lang xa Viet Nam hien nay Co the

noi, nong dan Viet Nam hien nay la nong dan cdch mang

vdi ta't ca y nghia lich sii chan th&t cua no da c6 va hien

CO XiJdng mau va cong siic cua nong dan da, dang gop

phan 16n cho thanh cong cua each mang Lien tiep ba, bo'n

the he da qua, ho theo Dang dau tranh chong no dich con

ngUdi va hien nay cung vay Nong dan Viet Nam di vao

doi mcti vdi ban sic tieu bieu nay Nong dan each mang di

vao cong nghiep hoa khong the chap nhan svf ban cung, sU

bo rdi, sii bat cong Phdi lam cho 60 trieu nong dan ni/dc

ta van song vdi tinh than chien dau khong met moi, song

CO long tin vao su" nghiep cdch mang, song khd hcfn, la

nhSng van di mang tinh chien liCdc ve muc dich va nin

tang ca bdn cua cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa cua niCdc ta

hien nay

Mat khac, cong nghiep hoa d nu6c ta khong the chi diia

vao cong nghiep ci do thi ma phan quan trong phai dvfa vao

cac tiem nang nong, ngii, lam nghiep va Ivtc lUdng lao

dong tu: nong thon:

- Vdi cong nghe hien dai ngUdi ta c6 the trUc tiep lam

cho cac san pham nong nghiep c6 gia tri gia tang rat cao

doi vdi hang loat vat nuoi, cay trong ma ta dang c6 Uu the

- Nong thon trong thdi dai ngay nay da c6 nhiing dieu

kien mdi, eo the trci thanh moi triJdng xa hoi van minh nhu

thanh thi va c6 moi trifdng song trong lanh, thanh binh

58

- Doi vdi niidc ta, phat trien nong thon, nong nghiep con la ndi thu hut lao dong nhieu va nhanh Moi nam thanh thi thu hut toi da khoang hai, ba chue van lao dong, con hang trieu lao dong nfla se c6 cong an viec lam qua phat trien nong thon

- Phat trien nong nghiep, nong thon con la bao ve an sinh xa hoi, bao ve moi triidng sinh thai

- Muc dich cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa cua chung ta phai vi da so', phai dUde phat trien trong sU cong bang va can bang xa hoi Do do, khong the cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa theo hiidng lam tan lui nong thon va ban eung hoa nong dan nhiJ da diin ra trong lich sii nhieu niidc

Vi tat ca cac ly do do, ehiing ta da chon con diidng: Phai tien hanh nhanh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa ngay trong nong nghiep va nong thon Khong the di sau, phu thuoc bi dong vao nhutng gi dang dien ra d do thi, ma phai tich ciie tao diing mot nen nong nghiep san xuat hang hoa, tvfng budc ling dung dUdc cong nghe cao, hinh thanh mot nong thon phat trien toan dien, van minh; xay dung cuoc

song hanh phue va nang cao nang hlc san xuat den tiing

ho, tCfng nong dan

Day la mot trong nhiJng noi dung cd ban, c6 tinh nen tang ciia toan bo qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa cua nude ta hien nay Dieu nay neu khong khang dinh nhat quan thi viec xem nhe nong nghiep - nong thon - nong

dan vkn con c6 the dien ra trong nhan thiic roi chuyen

thanh ehu triidng, boat dong cu the thien lech trong dau

tu, phan bo ngan saeh, dao tao can bo, y te, giao due, xay

dUng cd sd ha tSng, s\i dung dat dai Tat ca se din den

59

nhieu hau qua tieu ciic cho sii phat trien cua dat n\idc

Coi nhe nong nghiep, nong thon, nong dan se la sai

lam, lam chech hifdng noi dung cong nghiep hoa, hien dai

hoa d nxidc ta Nhufng sai lam do du da dUdc khdc phuc it

nhieu nhUng van con ton tai trong cac nganh, cac cap

Dien tich dat dai n\idc ta rat i t nhiTng chiia dUng

nhieu tiem nang to Idn chua khai thac het Bien, ven bien

keo dai hang nghin cay so' v6i cac vung nxidc man, nxidc Id

cung he tho'ng song, ho , nui rijfng, cao nguyen, dong

bang tao nen mot he sinh thai da dang, phong phu va

doc dao Cuoc so'ng cua nong dan cung nhu cau true xa hoi

dxia vao do phat trien qua hang nghin nam lich sii Va

ngay nay, cuoc so'ng va thu nhap cua nong dan chii yeu

cung dxia vao day va phat trien tren cd sci nay (khoang hdn

70% GDP cua nong thon)

Thdi tiet, k h i hau Viet Nam khSc nghiet, bad lut, n^ng

han, sau benh, nam nao cung gay nhiJng tac hai 16n,

nhung no ciing rat xiu dai vdi chung ta Cuoc so'ng.cua dai

bo phan nong dan ta la hudng vao khai thac sii iTu dai nay

Qua doi mdi, viec khai thac hai san, lam san, nong san da

tao cho chung ta nhiing thu nhap dang ke va la dinh

hudng ro rang cho nhiJng hxidc tiep theo

Trong nam, bay nam trUdc mat, cong nghiep va dich vu

d do thi chiia the thu hut nhieu lao dong tH nong thon

Nhiing lang ven do phat trien diJa vao cac do t h i cung

khong nhieu Dai bo phan ngUdi lao dong va cac lang xa

Viet Nam so'ng chu yeu bang nS li/c tai chS thay doi ca cd

cau kinh te theo hiidng tan dung he sinh thai va moi

trUdng tai ch6 Tim cay, con thich hdp, day manh san xuat

60

va tieu thu ci moi lang xa, tao diing nhanh t h i trUdng noi dia Trong do, d nhSng ndi thich hdp, manh dan hiidng vao cac cay, con c6 gia t r i , c6 t h i trUdng quoc te Bdt san xuat

theo chieu rong, tang san xuat theo chieu sau, iing dung

nhanh hdn nuta cac cong nghe mcfi

Cong nghiep hoa cua chung ta hudng vao nhiing trong diem, nhiing vung c6 tiem nang phat trien nhanh nhiing

phdi diXa tren cd sd bdo dam sao cho tat cd cac lang xa deu phat trien va tUng ho nong dan song khd hdn Day la mot

van de c6 tinh nguyen tac trong phat trien cua Viet Nam Chung ta da thiic hien trong nhieu nam qua nguyen tac nay, it nhieu c6 hieu qua tich ciic Nhutng rat tiec, dieu nay chiia diidc quan triet theo chieu sau ci moi cap can bo Nhiing sai sot theo chieu ngvTdc lai v^n con xay ra trong dieu hanh cu the

Chung ta xay diing dUdc ca mot he thong thanh phan kinh te boat dong d nong thon, gom nhiing bo phan chinh sau day:

- Ho gia dinh - trang trai

- Hdp tac xa dich vu

- Cac lang nghe

- Cac cong ty gan vdi nong nghiep va nong dan (nha nude va ta nhan)

- Ngan sach va kinh te nha nxidc

Tat ca dang hoat dong vdi nhiing ket qua dang khich

le, da lam cho nong thon chung ta c6 nhiing biidc phat trien noi troi so v6i nhieu nU6c ciing trinh do tren the gidi, nha't la gop phan to Idn tao ra sii on dinh kinh te - xa hoi

cho toan bo dat nxidc trong hai thap ky qua

61

N h i i n g c u n g tu: day da boc 16 r a r a t n h i e u v a n de doi

h o i p h a i g i a i q u y e t k i p t h o i

SiJ k h u y e n k h i c h , tao d o n g lUc va d i e u k i e n cho p h a t

t r i e n k i n h te ho gia d i n h va t r a n g t r a i chua d u m a n h , c h i i a

bao p h u rong, chUa Hen tuc t h o n g suo't V o n , cong nghe, t h i

t r U d n g , gia h a n g cong n g h i e p , cac q u y e n ve d a t dai den

d o n g t h i n a m 2001 da l e n den 3,5 t r i e u dong N h i f vay,

biJ6c vao n a m 2002, cac ho n o n g t h o n da ttf d a u tu! dUdc

g^n 50 n g h i n t y dong T r o n g do, 50% d u n g cho xay dUng

n h a ciia va m u a s^m t u l i e u san x u a t \m n a n g n a y con

dUdc 374.000 lao d o n g va tao dUdc 5.361 n g h i n t y d o n g

gia t r i san p h a m D a y la m o t n h a n to' m 6 i t r o n g p h a t

t r i e n n o n g t h o n nxidc t a N o da va se gop p h a n k h o n g n h o

1 Theo ket qua dieu t r a cua T o n g cue T h o n g ke, Tap chi Ly

ludn chinh tri, so 11-2002, t r 46

t r o n g t h a y doi cd c^'u k i n h te, tap t r u n g v o n , tao c o n g a n viec l a m , l i n g d u n g cong nghe N h U n g t a t ca d i e n r a m d i

c h i la hxidc d i u , con n h i e u k h u c mac p h a i t h a o gd n h a n h

CO h i e u qua l a u d a i C h u n g t a da c6 k h o n g i t xa l a m dUdc

n h u the

T a t n h i e n , n h i i n g mo h i n h t r e n ve l a u d a i se k h o n g t U song dUdc b e n ngoai q u a n he vcii cac d o a n h n g h i e p va h o a t

d o n g ho t r d cua N h a nu6c

R a t tie'c, cac d d n v i k i n h te quoc d o a n h cua t a c h u y e n

m i n h con c h a m , l a m a n chUa t h a t sU c6 h i e u q u a Cac cong

t y t u n h a n da h i n h t h a n h n h i e u n h U n g con nho be, t h i e u von, t h i e u k i n h n g h i e m , t h i e u t a r n n h i n xa Cac cong t y nu6c ngoai c h u a d a u t U n h i e u vao n o n g t h o n

Khi chUa cd sit hoat dong manh me, rgng khdp cua cac cong ty kinh doanh vao nong thon thi kho c6 the noi cac Idng xa chung ta cd the that si/ hiidc vao san xuat hang hda

Tat ca cac chu the hoat dong tren dan xen, lien ket, tac

dong Ikn nhau qua he thong cac quan he thi trUdng

NhUng thi trUdng - t\i co chi kim - tu no khong the dem lai

moi dieu tot lanh cho s\i phat then xa hoi Chi no v6i no,

cuoi cung se dan den khiing hoang xa hoi toan dien va ke

CO Idi chi la nhiing thieu so c6 quyen va c6 von 16n Chung

ta xay dang va kich thich manh kinh te thi triidng nhutng

v6i siic manh kinh te va dieu tiet cua Nha nU6c vi Idi ich

cua da so, vi s U phat trien on dinh, lau dai cua toan bo

quoc gia - dan toe

Ngay trong xa hoi ta, ne\ khong c6 he thong chinh t r i

-Nha nUctc cua dan, thi kinh te t h i trUdng se keo ca xa hoi

thut lui nhif da tiing xay ra ci mot so' nU6c trong hdn mot

thap ky qua Hien nay viec sung bai kinh te thi triidng da

trd nen qua loi thdi

Trong thdi ky doi mdi, viec chuyen sang nen kinh te thi

trUdng dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia cua nxidc ta da phat

trien vdi nhiing thanh tich dang ke Nhiing sU phat trien

nay khong the thuan tiiy do thi trUdng Do la do ca mot he

thong thi triidng va phi t h i trUdng, truyen thong van hoa,

chinh t r i diidc khdi day qua hoat dong chinh t r i - nha niictc

Qua thi trifdng nhUng khong the chi c6 thi triidng ma

chiing ta dat diidc:

- K i n h te tang triTdng lien tuc hdn 7-8%/nam

- V6i thu nhap con rat thap, nhiing mCfc song va an

sinh xa hoi ciia ta tot hdn so v6i nhieu nii6c c6 trinh do

tUdng difdng hoac cao hdn it nhieu

- TCfng biidc kh^c phuc kho khan va trd ngai, tao diidc

sU on dinh cho phat trien

64

P' - Xoa doi giam ngheo c6 hieu qua, buy dong dudc siic

manh xa hoi, xay dUng cuoc song dan chu van minh rong

khap cac lang xa

- Nguyen tSc "ciia dan, do dan, vi dan" da Ian toa thanh phiidng cham hanh dong, thanh tieu chi danh gia, kiem tra, doi mdi d moi ddn vi sii nghiep va kinh doanh

Cling nha trong dao tao va sang loc can bo Va day la can

c\i nen tang de nhan dan tham gia ddi song chinh t r i cua

dat niidc

6 Viet Nam, ye'u to' van hoa tU tiidng va chinh t r i c6

anh hacing manh den sU phat trien kinh te V i vay k h i chuyen sang kinh te t h i triidng, sii phat trien cua Viet Nam da de lai an tUdng ro net trong cong dong quoc te

He thong chinh t r i cua ta da giii vai tro chinh yeu de c6 sii phat trien nay

Chiing ta da hanh dong c6 dinh hu6ng diing va c6 hieu qua phat trien d k h i p cac linh viic, nhUng tat ca mdi chi

bat dau Nhiing nhiidc diem, khuyet diem dang boc 16 ngay

cang ro rang hdn Tat ca dang dat ra yeu cau: phdi bat dau thiCc hien mot giai doan mdi cao hcfn trong siX nghiep doi

mdi Than trong, phai biet di tiing bii6c nhiing phai doi

m6i manh hdn, diit khoat hdn, c6 hieu liic va hieu qua hdn, theo chieu sau hdn la theo chieu rong

Rieng trong linh vUc phat trien n6ng nghiep, nong

thon doi hoi Nha nxidc ta phai c6 nhiing thay doi manh hdn

niia Dac biet la nhiing van de sau day:

- Nha niidc c6 chinh sach va tao dieu kien day du hdn

de khuyen khich tinh chu dong va sii lien ket giuta cac bo

phan (cd quan nha na6c, cac cdng ty, nong dan, cd quan

m

nghien cutu khoa hoc) trong viec thay doi cd cau san xuat

trong cung ling va tieu thu san pham, trong ling dung cong

nghe mdi tren cd sd giai quyet hai hoa cac Idi ich, khong

de mot Idi ich nao bi xam hai gay anh hiidng den ket cau

phat trien

- Tiep tuc tang dau t u cho nong nghiep, nong thon,

nong dan va chuyen doi cd cau d^u tU hdp ly va c6 hieu qua

de phat trien kinh te hang hoa va tao them cong an viec

lam cho ngiidi lao dong ci nong thon

- Day manh hdn niJa viec dua cong nghe mdi de phat

trien nong nghiep, nong thon theo chieu sau O day, can

thay doi Icfn ve quan niem dau t\i, ve che do khuyen khich

va dai ngo xiing dang doi vdi nhSng ngiidi boat dong tich

cUc trong linh vUc nay Viet Nam c6 tiem nang 16n ve sinh

thai va truyen thong xa hoi nhiing con yeu kem ve khoa

hoc, cong nghe nen san pham kem kha nang canh tranh

(theo Ngan hang the gi6i (WB), tong chi phi mot nam cho

mot can bo nghien cxlu cua Viet Nam chi bang 9% cua

Indonexia, Thai Lan va b^ng 2,5% cua Malaixia; va phan

chi phi nay d Viet Nam thi hdn 60% la chi cho lUdng va bo

may; ph^n chi cho nghien ciiu con lai rat it, nhieu triidng

hdp khong hieu qua hay ro r i kinh phi )

- Can tiep tuc doi mdi ve chinh sach dat dai Dat dai la

van de nhay cam, van de cua nhieu van de trkc trci trong

phat trien nong nghiep va nong thon, anh hiidng den sii on

dinh d cac lang xa Hien nay thdi gian diidc giao quyen sii

dung dat con qua ng^n, quyen chuyen nhiidng, the chap,

ke thCfa chUa that sii diidc ton trong, lang phi dat dai con

rS't Icfn Viec giai phong mat b^ng chiJa di lien v6i den bu

tvfdng xiing va tai dinh cii on dinh cuoc song cua ngUdi dan Hien tiidng dat dai bi chiem dung, bo hoang, chuyen nhiidng true Idi bat hdp phap dien ra tren dien rong, gay bS't cong va bat binh Idn ci nhieu ndi Day ciing la mot trong nhutng nguyen nhan gay tinh trang khieu kien lan rong va keo dai thdi gian qua

- Nha niidc can khuyen khich va tao dieu kien cho ho gia dinh chu dong san xuat, kinh doanh, nhat la nhCtng

va'n de ve von, cong nghe va tieu thu san pham

- Can CO nhiing che dinh ro rang doi v6i boat dong ciia

cac cd quan chiic nang de tao dieu kien va bao dam cho nhan dan tham gia xac dinh chu trUdng, quy hoach; giam sat, ban bac nhiing gi c6 lien quan den cuoc song cua ho Tiep tuc day manh cai each hanh chinh c6 hieu qua, nhat la hieu qua do phai the hien ro den tan lang xa Hien nay viec cai each hanh chinh chiia the hien ro rang d cac ddn vi hanh chinh cd scl, ke ca cap huyen Hoat dong cua nong dan con gap nhieu kho khan, phien ha do thu tuc hanh chinh gay ra Mot so' lang, xa lam tot, lo cho ngiidi dan lam an thuan Idi, khong bi thu tuc hanh chinh gay trd ngai chia yeu la do sii nang no, tan tinh cua can bo dang va chinh quyen tai cho hdn la do nhiing che dinh c6 hieu lUc cvia cai each hanh chinh dem lai

Ngoai nhiing van de tren, c) nong thon dang c6 hang loat van de c6 tarn chien lUdc phai dUde giai quyet nhanh hdn niia Do la: chat liidng san pham kem, siic canh tranh yeu; ket cau ha tang kinh te - xa hoi thieu ca chieu rong

\kn chieu sau; cd cau kinh te chuyen bien cham; thu nhap

cua dan eif nong thon tang i t va lao dong du thiia con qua

16n ThUc trang Lren dang dat chiing ta diing trUdc mot

doi hoi phai c6 nhutng thay doi moi manh hdn, diit khoat

hdn ve cac quan he k i n h te, ve huy dong noi \\ic, ve dat

dai ve cong nghe, ve cd cau, ve c d che hoat dong giiJfa nha

n\idc - cong ty - ho gia dinh - cd quan nghien cC(u chuyen

giao cong nghe

Xay dung chinh quyen cd sci va thiic t h i dan chu d cd sd

la hiJcfng vao phuc vu giai quyet nhCfng van de tren, qua do

ma tU Cling co va phat trien

I I THlJC H I E N QUY CHE DAN CHU 6 LANG XA

-NHUNG V A N DE DANG DAT RA

1 Thiic hien Quy che dan chia cl cd sci la mot trong

nhiing phUdng ihdc cd ban de xay diJng nen dan chii xa hoi

chia nghia trong hien thUc T^m quan trong cua van de c6

the neu len nhxi sau:

- Doc lap dan toe cua chung ta phai dem lai dan chu til

do cho da so', phai lam cho tCfng ngifdi dan t r d thanh ngiidi

chu thuc sU trong cuoc song hang ngay cua ho Xa hoi cang

phat trien cao t h i dan chu ci cd sd cang quan trong, cang

trd thanh phUdng thiic song chinh yeu cua da so' de xay

dxing mot xa hoi cong b^ng, dan chii va van minh Day la

nhu c^u hien thiic ciia che do ta va cung la xu hu6ng

khach quan ciia lich sii dutdng dai

- Dan chii la che do nha nii6c, dan chu xa hoi chu nghia

la xay dUng che do nha nUcfc ciia dan, do dan va v i dan

Tijfng h\idc phai thiet lap mot nha nU6c sao cho dan la

ngiJdi chu toi thUdng, bo may nha nUdc la cong cu quyen

lijc cua dan, can bo la cong boc cua dan Do khong phai la y muo'n CO tinh ly tUdng dao diic ma la the che khach quan hai CO ciia chu nghia xa hoi Dang Cong san, nha nu6c xa )hoi chu nghia ra ddi va ton tai ve cd ban la vi muc dich do Trong thiic t i i n phai biet di tutng biidc, doi mdi Hen tuc theo muc dich do Bai hoc ciia nhieu nu6c xa hoi chii nghia

[6c day cAn diJdc y thOfc thed chieu sau lich sii trong tat

a cac cap can bo cua chung ta -fj :

- Dan chu ciia ta la phUdng thiic hoan thien nhan each

ua moi ngufdi dan Qua thUc t h i dan chu ma nang cao dan

tri, phat huy t i n h chu dong, sang tao ciia moi con ngiidi, cua da so'; doan ket va tao siic manh xa hoi cho phat trien

dat nxidc; sang loc va dao tao can bo; doi mdi hoat dong cua

iiha nU6c

- Dan chii ciia ta la tao ra thiet che xa hoi sao cho

uyen IIJCC vd Idi ich cua da so la cdi chi phoi todn hp si/ phdt trim lau ddi cua dat nitdc Tat ca nhiing sU viec va

bu6c di phai tham diidm tinh chat do Nhiing gi trai ngUdc phai diJdc vach ra, phe phan va ddi m6i kip thdi

- C) Viet Nam, thiJc t h i dan chu d cac lang xa c6 vi t r i dac biet quan trong vi da so dan la nong dan Va nong dan

Viet Nam c6 v i t r i va ban s^c rieng biet phai diidc quan

triet trong qua t r i n h phat trien hien nay

Nhieu ngUdi noi ve nong dan gan v6i san xuat t h u cong, cam chiu, khep k i n trong luy tre lang, phu thuoc vao quan he dong toe, lang xa Dieu nay diing, nhUng

con CO nhiing t i n h chat doc dao cua ngiidi nong dan, tham

chi la noi troi hdn ma chiing ta chifa phan tich ky, chiia

han anh t6i chieu sau cua no Lanh dao chinh t r i , phat

69

t r i e n d a n c h u d cd sd c h i n h la k h a i thac cac yeu to n o i t r o i

n a y cho p h a t t r i e n Do la s i i c6' k e t cgng d o n g l a n g xa d

V i e t N a m g^n vdi co k e t d a n toe, doan k e t d a n toe TiT day

tao dUde siie m a n h d a n toe ben viifng keo d a i h a n g n g a n

n a m de d i i n g nude va gixi nxidc cho den t a n n g a y nay Co

le i t CO d a n toe nao e h i u n h i e u t a i hga x a m l a n g va t h i e n

t a i ' n a n g ne n h i i V i e t N a m C h u n g t a da c h i e n t h S n g va

vUdt qua t a t ca la n h d d o a n k e t d a n toe, n h d b u y d o n g

dUde sijte m a n h d a n toe N g a y n a y c h i i n g t a t i e n vao t h e

k y X X I c u n g t r e n cd sd cua n h i J n g y e u to' nay V a de t i e p

t u c l a m dUde viec nay t h i n o n g d a n , n o n g t h o n se c6 m o t

v a i t r o , v i t r i r a t q u a n t r o n g

G a n m o t t h e k y qua, qua t r i n h ehong ngoai x a m ci V i e t

N a m da bao h a m sau r o n g ea n g i d u n g chd'ng dp bi2c, boc

lot, no dich con ngUdi. D i e u n a y da c6 tu: t r u y e n t h o n g l i c h

s\i, n h i J n g qua n h f l n g cugc c h i e n d a u s i n h ttf cua ba, bon

t h e he v i i a qua, no da dUde bo sung, p h a t t r i e n , t h a m sau

h d n n i i a vao t a m h o n n g i i d i V i e t N a m TU n a m 1975 t r d d i ,

no da trci t h a n h n h u eau, t h o i q u e n song va l a m viec cua da

so d a n ea k h S p cae cae m i e n cua To quoe t a N g h e o k h o t h i

ehia se, d u m bgc, n h u n g ap hdc, txldc doat t h i k h o n g d u n g

boa NgUdi V i e t N a m (so d o n g la n o n g dan) la ngUdi each

m a n g day t i n h n h a n v a n L a n h dao c h i n h t r i la l a n h dao

sU p h a t t r i e n cua nhiJng con ngUdi nay S i n h m e n h va s i i

m e n h l i e h s i i cua n h i i n g n g i i d i cgng san c h u n g t a la b i t

n g u o n tOf d a n va v i d a n

N o n g d a n t r u d e k i a t h U d n g song t r o n g l a n g xa k h e p

k i n , n h u n g qua d a u t r a n h bao ve To quoe vxia qua, m o i

l a n g xa deu eo h a n g t r a m ngUdi d i d a n h giae k h l p cae

m i e n cua To quo'c D i e u do k h o n g nhiJng tao r a the m a n h

q u a n s i i ma eon tao r a sU giao l U u , gin k e t g i i i a cae m i e n ,

cac eon ngUdi khae n h a u t r e n quy mo t o a n quoe NgUdi nong d a n t r o n g l u a T h a i B i n h , l a m nUdng r i y d L a i C h a u

CO t h e biet each t r o n g cay eong nghiep cua T a y N g u y e n h a y

n u o i ca d d o n g hkng song Cxiu L o n g ! N g a y nay, hg c6 the song boa hdp l a m a n vdi n h a u til B l e vad N a m va tijf N a m

r a B l e Q u a day, sU k h e p k i n l a n g xa da b i p h a vd k h a

n h i e u Dd do v a n de d a t r a la c h i n h sach, von, cong nghe,

t h i t r U d n g p h a i dUde tao dUng t h i c h hdp va k i p t h d i chd cae

l a n g xa p h a t t r i e n t r o n g g i a i doan h i e n nay

ThUe t h i d a n c h u d cac l a n g xa p h a i t r e n cd sd h i e u

d u n g n o n g d a n va n o n g t h o n V i e t N a m ve v i t r i c h i e n lUde

l l n n h U n g dae t r U n g , b a n s l e l i c h s i i eua no N e u k h o n g

t h i chi la viec b a n h a n h q u y che tut t r e n x u o n g m a k h o n g xay dUng dUdc boat d o n g c h u d o n g s a n g tao eua da so

n o n g d a n ,> ,

2 D a n h gia n h U t h e nao ve n h i i n g t h a n h cong m a

c h u n g t a da d a t dUdc t r o n g viec thUc t h i Q u y che d a n c h u d

cd sd?

D e n nay, cd h d n 9 0 % cac l a n g xa V i e t N a m da to chiic phd bien cho h d n 9 0 % nong d a n h i e u va eung vdi dd, h i n h

t h a n h ea mot he t h o n g boat dong thUc t h i Q u y che d a n chu:

- D a n t h a m gia b a n bac, q u y e t d i n h cae v a n de cd l i e n

q u a n trUc tiep den ddi song k i n h te - xa h g i d dia phUdng

- D a n b a n , gdp y, phe p h a n de cap t r e n q u y e t d i n h h a y

t u quyet d i n h

- D a n k i e m t r a , g i a m sat ( h i e n nay 9 3 % so xa da lap dUde B a n t h a n h t r a )