Computer Architecture

9/15/2011 5Components of a Computer all kinds of computer Desktop, server, embedded... A Safe Place for Data Volatile main memory Loses instructions and data when power off Non-volati

Introduction

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The Computer Revolution

Classes of Computers

Hidden as components of systems

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Components of a Computer

all kinds of computer

Desktop, server, embedded

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Anatomy of a Mouse

LED illuminates desktop

Small low-res camera

Basic image processor

Looks for x, y

movement

Buttons & wheel

Opening the Box

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The Processor

A Safe Place for Data

Volatile main memory

Loses instructions and data when power off

Non-volatile secondary memory

Magnetic disk

Flash memory

Optical disk (CDROM, DVD)

Disk

Tape

Instr Operands Blocks

Pages

Files

Staging Xfer Unit

prog./compiler 1-8 bytes

cache cntl 32-64 bytes

OS 4K-8K bytes

user/operator Mbytes

Blocks

Networks

1975 Integrated circuit (IC) 900

1995 Very large scale IC (VLSI) 2,400,000

2005 Ultra large scale IC 6,200,000,000

DRAM capacity

Inside structure

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Abstractions

What is Computer Architecture?

Easy Answer

Computer Architecture =

Instruction Set Architecture +

Machine Organization

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The Instruction Set:

a Critical Interface

instruction set software

hardware

Instruction Set Architecture

A very important abstraction:

interface between hardware and low-level software

standardizes instructions, machine language bit patterns, etc.

advantage: allows different implementations of the same

architecture

disadvantage: sometimes prevents adding new innovations

Modern instruction set architectures:

80x86/Pentium/K6, PowerPC, DEC Alpha, MIPS, SPARC, HP

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What You Will Learn

machine language

performance

Below Your Program

Managing memory and storage

Scheduling tasks & sharing resources

Binary digits (bits)

Encoded instructions and data

swap(int v[], int k) {int temp;

Binary machine language program (for MIPS)

C compiler

Assembler

Assembly language program (for MIPS)

High-level language program (in C)

Quiz?