Trong nim 1947, Chu tich H i Chi Minh viit tic pham Doi song mai va tic pham Sira doi loi lam viec, nhim giii quyet nhQng van de co bin ve xiy dung con ngudi mdi, cugc song mdi, nang ca
Trang 1CHU TICH HO CHI MINH VOfI CHIEN DICH VIET BAC THU - DONG 1947
TSLE VAN THAI*
j 3 d i tim nhin chiin luge, ngay td khi
C ' C a c h mang Thing Tim thinh cdng,
Chd tich H i Chi Minh di chi thi cho ding
chi Pli?m Vin Ding va mdt s i cin bd khic
d l?i Tan Trio mgt thdi gian di chi dao vi6c
cung ci khu cin cd dia Cuii thing
10-1946, Ngudi cd ding chi Nguyin Luong
Bing trd l?i Viit Bic chuin bi cin cd dia
khing chien Dii cing tic d$c biit dirge
thinh l|p, do ding chi Trin Ding Ninh phy
trich, cd nhiim vy nghien cdu cic vi tri dit
ca quan, cung vdi cic ban nginh liin quan
to chdc di chuyin cic ca quan vi kho ting,
xi nghiip len Vipt Bic Cic huyin Chg Din
(Bic K?n), Chiem Hoi, Son Duong (Tuyin
Quang), Dinh Hoa, Dai TQ (Thii Nguyin)
dugc chgn lim An toin khu (ATK)
Dgt ting di chuyin lin cin cd Vi$t Bic
diin ra tu cudi thing 11-1946 din thing
2-1947 Hing van tin may mdc, nguySn vat
liiu, gao, muii, vii dugc v|in chuyin vi cac
khu an toan Hing chye v^n nhin dan, cin
l)g, chien si td cac hudng tap trung ISn Viit
Bic trong tr|t ty, bi m$t Diu thing 3-1947,
cic CO quan linh d^o Idling chiin lin lugt
lin Viit Bic Ngiy 4-3-1947, Chu tich H i
* Vi?n Ljch sd quin su Vi?t Nam
Chi Minh len cin cu Viet Bic Tai day, Ngudi cdng Trung uong Dang vi Chinh phu lanh dao ca nudc khing chiin ching thyc dan Phip xim lypc Tu day, cin cd dia Viet Bic trd thinh "Thu dd khang chien" Trong nim 1947, Chu tich H i Chi Minh
viit tic pham Doi song mai va tic pham Sira doi loi lam viec, nhim giii quyet
nhQng van de co bin ve xiy dung con ngudi mdi, cugc song mdi, nang cao sdc chiin diu cda Ding, ddng viSn tiim lye cda dit nudc, phit huy tinh uru viet cda chl dp mdi di giinh thing Igi trong khang chiin Theo doi sat tinh hinh, am muu dich, Ngudi nhic nhd can bp, chiin si, nliin din trong khu cin cd dia luin chu y giQ bi mat, chuin bi sin sing chu ding khang chiin Ngay 19-8-1947, Ngudi viit thu gdi ding bao Khu I' Trong thu, Ngudi cin din: "Hiin bay gid Khu I chua phai la mit tran chinh Nhung dii vdi bpn thuc dan hung dc, nay mai Khu I lit cd thi trd nen mit tran chinh Vi viy, chiing ta phii luin luin chuan bi sin sang Chung ta cin phai lam nhQng vi|c sau niy: a) Da doan kit phii doan kit thim Khip noi phai t i chuc Hgi lien hiip quic din b) Tap luyin dan quin, ty ve, du kich Giup dd b i dii
Trang 2c) Ra sdc ting gia sin xuat, lim cho
nhiiu Ida, nhiiu sin, nhiiu ngi Nuii nhiiu
gia sue
d) Phit triin binh dan hgc vy Gidp dd
ding bag tan cu GiQ gin bi m i t
e) Cic cin tii quan sy, chinh tri, hanh
chinh vi chuyin mdn thi phai lim diing
bin chQ: Cin, kiim Hem, chinh"
Trong thu gdi ding bao cic tinh Vidt
Bic, ngiy 2-9-1947, Ngudi nhin manh vi
d'i, vai trd cua cin cu dia Viit Bic: "Vi^t
Bic phii trd tlianh cin cu cua khing
chiin Cich menh di do Viit Bic ma
thinh cdng, thi khing chiin ciing do Viit
Bic mi thing
Igi"^-Ngiy 12-9-1947, Chu tich H i Chi Minh
chu toa phien hgp Hgi ddng Chinh phu bin
ke hoach dl phdng cuic tien cdng mua
Ddng cua giic vi vin di tuy£n duong cing
tr^ng quan nhan Ngiy 15-9-1947, Thudng
vy Trung ucmg Ding ra Chi thi "Bola ndi
gi - ta phdi lam gi?" vach tran am mim den
toi cua thyc din Phip vi khing dinh lai l^p
trudng kien quyet khing chien cua ta Ban
chi thi nhic nhd quan dan ca nudc phii tich
eye chuin b) dl ddi phd vdi cuic tiln cing
Thu - Ding cua giic Chip hinh chi thi cua
Thudng vy Trung uong Ding, cic dia
phucmg diy manh them mpt budc cing tic
chuin bi chiin diu Cic Khu dy I, X, XII
vi cic tinh uy tren dia ban cin cd dia Vi$t
Bic phi biin chi thj cua Ding, bin biin
phip thyc iiiin Cdng tic phi hoai, cin dich
dugc tien hinh khan trucmg Ca quan,
xudng miy, kho tang chuyen vi noi an
toan Din quan ty v? khin trucmg luyfn tap, tuin tra canh gae, kilm soat chit ch{ nhiing nod xung yiu B i dgi hoan chfah tran dia, triin khai dgi hinh chiin dau, trang
bi thim vu kM Nhiiu kinh nghiim &
chiin dugc phi biin din tdng chien i
Khip noi xuit hifn khau hiiu quyit tam chiin diu "pha tan cudc tiin cing miu Ddng cua giac Phip"
Sing ngay 7-10-1947, quin Phip nhiy
du xuing thi "a Bic Kan, bua vay, liinj syc truy tim co quan linh d^o khang chiSn Ddng thdi vdi cugc do h i dudng khong, quan Phip md nhQng cugc hinh quan dudng bg dinh len Viit Bic Chu tich HJ Chi Minh keu ggi bg dpi, din quin du kich
vi ddng bao ci nudc ra sdc chign diu tieu diit dich Ngudi vjch ro im muu cua gijc
li dinh ao at, chdp nhoang, bit thinh linh, dung each "set dinh ngang tai" lim cho ta hoang mang trd tay khdng kip Y dinh ciia chung li hpi quan d Bic Kan tao thanh mit cai d hpc liy Viet Bic, rii cyp d l?i, khip chat vdng vay, tu ngoai danh vao, til trong dinh ra, nhay du xuing nhOng noi nghi cd CO quan cda Trung uang Ding va Chinh phd ta d i lung bit, phi cho dugc diu nio cuic khing chiin Sau do, chiing
se binh dinh cic khu vyc khac va lap chinh phu bu nhin Ngudi nhin manh: dich manh v l cic gpng kim Chung tt quyit tam chiin diu be giy gpng kim thi cii i cyp xuing v i se rach^ Ngiy 11-10, Ngudi chd tri cugc hgp Dang doin Chinh phu bin vi viec ddi phd vdi cuic tiin cing
Trang 3cua 'quin Phap va van de di chuyin co
quan chinh phu
Sau khi biit rd thim ki hoach tien cdng
Viit Bic cua djch", ta cing chd dgng dii
phd Ngiy 15-10, Chu tich H i Chi Minh
chuyin vl d va lim viec tai xi Lien Minh,
huyin Vd Nhai Cung ngiy, Thudng vu
Trtmg uong Dang ra Chi thi "Phdi phd tan
cugc tdn cong mua Dong cua gigc Phdp"
Chi til) n h ^ dinh ring, cuic tin cdng cda
djch khing chdng td chung manh mi trai
l^i, td ra chdng yiu Cuic tin cdng nay
"chi o ^t luc dau" Dich dan quan ra cang
mdng, cang la dip tot cho ta danh chung d
mien xudi Ke dich ddng quan d nai xa,
cing dl cho ta bao vay chit dudng tiip ti
vi "dinh chung mpt cich rat cd Igi trong
khi chung v ^ ding"^ Phuang hudng hinh
ding cy thi cda quan va din ta li: phii kien
quyit chiin diu giam chin djch t{ii nhQng
cin cd ma chung vda chiem, tri$t de lim
vudn khdng, nhi trong chung quanh noi
dich chiim, cit diit sy liin lac gida cic cd
diim cua dich, khdng cho chdng tiep tl vi
tiip ling cho nhau Qui trinh chidn diu phai
giQ gin chu lye cua ta, nhung cdng phii
nh?y bin, nhim nhflng chi yiu cua dich
mi "dinh nhiing trin vang dgi, nhiing tran
tiiu diit Bit dich chuyin sang thi phdng
thd"' Chi thi niu rd: "Cuic tiin cing cua
dich lin niy phii lam cho cin bg ta chQa
dugc binh chu quan cho ring dich khing
dim tiin cong tio b^o, chua dim dinh Viet
Bic, khing dim nhiy du hay do bp xa cin
cd Nd l?i thuc giyc cac cip chi huy mau
n h ^ ra quy luat chien tranh Nd chi rd cho cin bg chi dao cic cip cua phong trao
ta nh^n rd: mudn thing dich, phii doan dung muu ke cua dich va phii giQ bi mat muu ke cua minh"'
Chip hinh chi thi cda Thudng vy Trung uong Dang, trong qui trinh chi dao cuic phan cong dich, Bg Tdng chi huy lien tiep dilu dgng, b i tri luc lupng theo yiu ciu tic chiin 30 dai dpi dgc lap, 18 tiiu doan tap tnmg cua cic Khu I, X dugc thinh lap nhanh chdng lam nong cit md ring chiin tranh du kich Vua tic chiin, cdc dai dii die Isip vda diu dit dan quan tu ve boat dgng Cac tieu doan tap trung ca ddng tieu diit cic vi tri va danh dich tren dudng giao thing Nhan dan hing hii tham gia khing chiin, thyc hiin vudn khdng, nha trdng, ung hg va phdi hgp vdi lye lugng vu trang dinh dich Quin Phip di den dau cung bi dinh Cang vio siu cin cd dia Viet Bic, cic binh doin tiin cing cda thyc din Phap cing bi chia cit
Theo ddi sit sao mpi diin biin tren chiin trudng Viet Bic, nhan ro tim quan trgng cua doan kit, ky luat, thing suit minh lenh tic cliiin trong quan ddi, Ngudi cin din can
bg, chiin si: "Doin kit, ky luit, lam cho bg dpi m?nli, doan thi manh, Mpt minh linh
gi trin xuing, cua B i Quic phdng hay Bd Tdng chi huy diu phai din khu, din cic trung doan, cac doan thi va phii xuing tdi t?n ngudi dii viin Niu minh lenh din khu roi mic nghSn khing xuing dudi nQa tuc la khu khing theo ky luit Bi dpi s8 kem sue
Trang 4manh Minh lenh cung nhu ddng miu chay
tu tim ra din diu, cac tu cW Niu chay din
tay mi mic nghen thi tay bai Tay bji ngudi
sg yiu di Cic ddng chi cung biet thdi gian
li quy Dyng binh thing bai nhiiu luc quyit
dinh trong nim, mudi phdt Vay cac ding
chi phii lam sao cho nhiing menh lenh d
trSn xuing dugc nhanh ching va thi hinh
chu dio"^ Ngudi viet thu gdi ding bao va
chiin si Khu X', neu ro uu diim va thilu
sdt: "Mat trin sdng Ld, V$ quoc quan, din
quin du kich vi ddng bio rit hing hii cho
nen thu dupc mpt it nhiiu chiin cdng ve
vang Trii lai, nhiing mit trin khic nhu Lio
Cai, Yin Bii thi con k^ia Do khing phii vi
ding bio k^m hing hai hoic la chi€n si k^m
dung cim Nhimg vi ta ki hoach t i chdc,
tuyen truyen, van ding chua dugc day du,
chu dio v l mit din v$n thi khu ta cdn xao
nhing Phii lim the nao cho cuic thing
trin v6 vang d sdng Ld sg la budc diu cho
nhiiu cuic thing tr?n khic Phii lim cho
Khu X thinh khu kieu miu vi mgi mit"'°
Nhim dpng vien tinh thin chiin diu cua
quin din ta vi phd biin kinh nghi$m tic
chiin, tiln len giinh nhimg thing Igi mdi
trong cuic khing chiin chdng thyc dan
Phap xam luge, cuii nim 1947, Chu tich Hd
Chi Minh viit tic phim Viet Bdc anh dUng,
ky ten Tan Sinh Ngudi khii quit bin nhin
td quyit dinh thing Igi cda quan vi dan ta
trong Thu - Ding 1947 la: Sy linh dao sing
suit cua Ding, Chinh phd, sy dilu kWln
khdn khio cua Bg Qudc phdng va Bg Ting
chi huy, sy dung cam cda tudng si Ve quic
quan, dan quan du Hch va sy hang hii cili toan thl ding bao Phin tich sy clii dac chiin luge sing sudt cua ta, Ngudi viit Ngay luc bit diu khing chiin ta di chij
truong trudng ky khdng chiin di danh tar
muu mi "dinh mau, thing mau" cua th\rc dan Cang ngay "chdng ta cing thiy nhQnj
y dinh tren li sang sudt, nhat la trong cug< dich tiln cing vao Viet Bic, chdng ta canj thiy rd nhu thi"" Nhung thyc din Phi[ chua bi dinh quy hoan toin, cuic khinj cliiin s6 cdn gay go hon nQa Ho Chi Mini nhic nhd: "chiing ta chd ty kiiu ty dai, ch( chd quan, chd khinh dich Chung ta phi' luin ludn chuan bi, can than dd phdng,;! Phii sda chQa nhung khuyet diim vi ci ging phit triin cac uu dilm"'^ D6 li chii Ithoi de di tdi thing Igi mdi
Ngiy 19-12-1947, Chd tich Hi Chi Minh ra Idi k€u ggi ding bao ca nudc, ting kit mit nim Toin quic khing chiin Ngudi khing dinh: khang chiin it phai gay
go, cue khi, nhung ta nhit dinh se gianh dugc thing Igi Qua mot nam khdng chiin toin quic "luc lupng ta ngiy cing thSm mjmh, nhu sudi mdi chiy, nhu Ida mcri nhdm, chi cd tiin Idling cd thoii"", con luc lupng cda dich "nhu mit trdi vio liic hoing hdn, hdng hach lim nhung di gin til nghi" Cung ddng ngay nay, bi thit bji nang tren chiin trudng, dai bp phin quan Phap nit khdi Viit Bic Dem 22-12-1947, tai thi xi Tuyin Quang, quan dan ta to chiic frgng thi li mdng chiin thing
(Xem tiip trang 8)
Trang 5tiip ddi sing chinh tri - xa hii, cic nhan
vit Hch su, yiu ciu ngudi nghien ciiu, bien
soan phai dugc "chuin hoa" vi chuyen
mdn, nghiep vy, phuong phip luan va
phim ciiit chinh tri
Tiip tyc Cling c i td chdc bd miy lim
cing tic nghien cdu, bien soan Lich sd
Ding tu dia phuong din Trung uang, vdi
CO ciu t i chdc bp miy hoan chinh cung
cic CO chi, dieu kiin hoat ding tuang
dng; ngang tim vdi chuc ning, nhiim vy
CO quan chuyen min nginh lich sd Ding d
cic cip
Thdi ky cich mang mdi dang dat ra
yiu ciu ngiy cang cao, ddi hii Nginh
Lich sd Ding cd sy dii mdi m^nh mS,
khic phuc sy cham tre tren mit sd mit,
dii mdi phuong phap, nang cao chit
lugng, md rgng pham vi va ning lye hoat
ding Lim trdn chdc ning, nhiem vy cda
minh, Nginh Lich su Ding ddng gdp
ngiy cing hiiu qua vio ning cao tim tri
tui oda Ding, xiy dung Ding trong s^ch,
viing manh, dip ung yeu ciu nhiim vy
linh d^o sy nghiep cich mang trong thdi
ky mdi
CHU nCHHd CHf MINH VAl CHI^N DjCH n | T BUC THU - BfiNG 1947
(Tiep theo trang 16)
Cliien thing cda quan vi dan ta trong chiin dich Via Bic Thu - Ding 1947 la cliiin tiling cd y nghia chiin luge vi quin
su, diinh tri va tinh thin Chiin thing di b3t ngudn td nhiiu nlian t i , trudc hit la sy lanh dao tii tinh va sang t?o cua eo quan lanh d?o khang cliiin toin quic, do Chu tich Hi CM Minh ddng diu Cin cd dia Viit Bic dupc xiy dyng vi cdng ci, tinh uu viit cua c h i ^
mdi dugc piiat huy, "long y6u nude eua ^M
bio, nh|p vdi iiinh the hiem trd cda ndi s i ^ thinh mit lye lugng vo ^eh, nd di dinh tan cuic tin cing cua thyc dan"'^ tao di chi nhdng thing igi tiep theo trong cuic khii^ chiin ching thyc dan Phip xim lupc
1 Chi thl s i 15-CT/rW, ngay 28-8-2002 cua
Ban Bi thu Ve t&ng cuang va nang cao chdt
luong nghien ctru bien sogn lich sir Dang Cong
sdn Viet Nam
2 Quyil djnh s6 100 - QD/TW, ngiy
22-10-2007 cua Ban Chip hanh Trung uong Vi chirc
ndng, nhiem vv to chuc bo may ciia Hoc vien
Chinh tri- Hanh chinit quoc gia Ho Chi Minh
1 Khu 1 trong khang chien ch6ng Phdp g6m ^ tinh: Cao Bang, Bic Kan, Thai Nguyen, Phuc Y&l'
2 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 H6 Chi Minh Toim tap, CTQG, H, 2000, T 5, tr 207, 224, 322, 341,
368,314,314,366
3 BO Qu6c phong - Vi?n Ljch sijr quSn s^r Vi^
Nam: Su nghiep, tu tuong qudn s\r H6 Chi Minh,
QDND, H, 2002, tr 438
4 QuSn ta bin roi may bay chd bp tham mini chiin dich cua Phap di thj sit mat trjn ngiy 9-10 t«ii Cao Bang, thu tai li?u Ngiy 13-10, Bp T6ng tham muu da co Irong tay bin ke ho^ich tiln c6ng Vi?t Bac ciia Phap
5 6, 7 Van kien qudn su ciia Dang 194S-I9S0,
QDND, H, 1976, T 2, a 245, 246,252-253
9 Khu X ttong khang chiin ching Phip g4m: Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Ha Giang, Tuyen Quang, Phil Thp, VTnh Yen