cua giai cap cdng nhan va nhan dan lao ddng tren the gidi, Hd Chi Minh da chi ro van menh cua giai cip vd san the gidi va dac biet la van menh cua giai cip vd sin d cac nude di xam luge
Trang 1SLf NGHIEP VA TU" TU'ONG H 6 C H I MINH
Tl/TirONG HO CHf MINH VC MOI QURN H€ GlUn CflCH MflNG
CHINH QUOC Vfl CflCH MRNG THUOC m
• • •
ThS PHAM QU6C THANH*
7f\ rong nhihig nim 20 eiia the ky XX,
^U/ trudc thyc tiln cua nhan din thudc
dia cua giai cap cdng nhan va nhan dan lao
ddng tren the gidi, Hd Chi Minh da chi ro
van menh cua giai cip vd san the gidi va
dac biet la van menh cua giai cip vd sin d
cac nude di xam luge thudc dia ein gan
chat vdi van menh ciia giai cap bj ip biic d
cae thude dia, vi vay, cupc cich mang giii
phdng dan tpc d thude dia va cupc cich
mang giai phdng giai cap vd san va nhan
dan lao dpng d cae nude di ip birc cd moi
quan he mat thilt vdi nhau trong sy nghiep
chung tieu diet chu nghTa dl quoc (CNDQ)
Theo Ngudi, sy nghiep cua ngudi ban xii
gin mat thilt vdi sy nghiep cua vd sin toan
the gidi
Ho Chi Minh cho ring "cich menh chia
ra hai thir" dd la "dan tdc each menh" va
"the gidi cich menh"; hai thii cich menh
dd tuy cd khic nhau, vi din tdc cich menh
thi chua phan giai cap, cdn the gidi cich
menh thi vd sin giai cap dung diu di trudc;
nhung 2 cupc cich menh iy vin cd quan he
vdi nhau, "each menh An Nam vdi cich
menh Phap phai lien lac vdi nhau"'' Va
* Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi
phai thyc hien sy lien minh chat che giira each mang vd sin d chinh qudc vdi cich mang giai phdng dan tdc d thudc dia, vi
"chi cd sy hgp tic nay mdi bio dim cho giai cap cdng nhan qudc tl gianh dugc thing Igi cudi ciing"^
Theo Hd Chi Minh, Lenin la ngudi dau tien da kien quyet len an mgi thanh kien cua cac nha cich mang chau Au va chau
My ve van de nay; la ngudi dau tien da hieu va dinh gii hit tim quan trgng Idn lao ciia viec ldi cuon nhan dan cac nude thudc dia vao phong trio cich mang, ddng thdi ciing la ngudi dau tien da chi rd ring neu khdng cd sy tham gia cua cic dan tdc thupc dia thi cich mang xa hdi khdng thi cd dugc Tham nhuin quan diem cua Lenin, Ngudi keu gpi: "Theo Lenin, each mang d phuong Tay mudn thing Igi thi nd phai lien
he chat che vdi phong trio giii phdng chdng chii nghTa de qudc d eie nude thudc dia va cac nude bi nd dich"^ va "vi chiing
ta ty coi minh la hpc trd ciia Lenin, eho nen chiing ta cin phai tap trung tit ca siic lyc
va nghi lue dl thyc hien tren thyc tl nhiing ldi di huin quy biu ciia Lenin ddi vdi chiing ta vl vin dl thudc dia cung nhu cic
vin dl khic"" Trong Thu giri Ban Chdp
Trang 2s u NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG H 6 CHi MINH
hdnh Qudc ti Cdng sdn (11-4-1924),
Ngudi chi rd ring, nhiing thudc dia cua
Phap ndi chung, thudc dia Ddng Duong ndi
rieng it dugc biet den trong gidi vd sin va
cdng sin; ngay ci Qudc te Cdng sin va
Ding Cdng sin Phap ciing rit it dupe thdng
tin ve nhiing gi xiy ra d nhiing thudc dia
dd; do viy "Neu chiing ta mudn boat ddng
mdt each cd ich ve van de thude dia thi
nhat thiet phii bit lien lac vdi cic thudc dia
do"' Ngudi da phe phin quan diem cho
ring khdng can lien minh true tiep vdi
phong frao giai phdng d cic nude thudc
dja, giai cip vd sin chau Au ciing cd the
thang Igi dugc vi khing dinh: "chimg nao
ma Ding Phip vi Dang Anh chiing ta chua
thi hanh mpt chinh sich that tich cyc trong
van de thude dia, tham chi chua de cap den
quan chiing cic nude thudc dia, thi toan bd
chuang trinh rdng Idn cua hai ding do van
khdng cd hieu qui gi"*
Tir sy nhan thiie sau sic bin chat eua
CNDQ thyc din Ho Chi Minh chi rd
chiing khdng chi la ke thii ciia cae dan tpc
bi ip birc, ma cdn la ke thii chung cua giai
cap cdng nhan va nhan dan lao ddng chinh
qudc Bing hinh anh con dia hai vdi, Ngudi
da khac hpa chin dung ke thii chung iy
mdt cich sinh ddng: "Chii nghTa tu ban li
mpt con dia cd mdt cii vdi bim vao giai
cap \6 sin d chinh qudc va mdt cii vdi
khic bam vao giai cip vd sin d cac thudc
dia Neu ngudi ta mudn gilt eon vat iy,
ngudi ta phai ddng thdi cit ci hai vdi NIU
ngudi ta chi eit mdt vdi thdi, thi cai vdi kia
van tiep tuc hiit mau ciia giai cap vd san; con vat van tiep tuc sdng va cii vdi bi cat diit lai se mpc ra"^
Phan tich am muu tham dpc cua CNDQ thyc dan, Hd Chi Minh edn chi rd thu doan tinh vi, xao quyet cua chiing khdng chi dii vdi nhan dan eac dan tdc thudc dia va ca vdi giai cap vd sin d chinh qudc; ddng thdi vach tran muu md tham dpc cua CNDQ trong viec gay mau thuan va su bin thii giiia cae dan tdc va giiia giai cap vd sin cac nude vdi nhau Chinh vi giai cap vd sin 6
ca hai ding diu khdng hieu biet lan nhau,
"nen da xay ra nhiing thanh kien" Ho Chi Minh cdn vach rd thii doan tham dpe cua CNDQ thyc dan trong nhieu tie pham Trong bai "Dpi quan chdng cich mang",
ding tren bio Ddi sdng cdng nhdn, ngay
7-9-1923, Hd Chi Minh ehi rd, dieu ma giai cap cdng nhan Phip khdng the khdng biet den la ehu nghTa tu ban dya vio thupc dia
de chdng lai tat ca mpi phong trao giai phdng Ngudi keu gpi cdng nhan Phip co nhiem vu phii hanh ddng, phai kit tinh anh
em vdi binh linh bin xu, phai Iam cho binh linh bin xu hieu rang ca cdng nhan d chinh qudc lan binh linh d thudc dia, diu ciing bi chung mdt bpn chii ap birc va bde lot deu
la anh em cimg mdt giai cip va khi tdi liic phii chien dau, thi ca hai ben diu phai cimg dinh bpn chii ehung cua minh
Tir thyc tiln phong trio each mang va phan cich mang tren thi gidi Hd Chi Minh nhan thay, tuy rang Qudc tl Cdng sin da lim cho van de thudc dia cd dugc tam quan
Trang 3SU" NGHIEP VA TU" TU'ONG H 6 CHi MINH
trpng xirng dang vdi nd bing each coi nd la
thudc ve nhung vin dl thdi sy khan truong
nhat, nhung trong thyc tien, "eac ban thupc
dia d cae cudng qudc thyc dan, cho den
nay vin chua quan tim den vin de nay,
tham chi cic ban nay ciing chua xem xet
van de mdt each nghiem tiic Sy khdng
hoat ddng nay cd le do cic dong chi chiing
ta khdng hieu biet tinh hinh chinh xie cua
nhiing xii bi ip birc"* Va mpt thyc te la cic
Ding Cdng sin Anh, Hi Lan, Bi vi cic
dang cdng sin d mdt sd nude khic ma giai
cap tu sin d day chiem giii thudc dia, thi tir
khi chap nhan ban Luan cuong ciia Lenin
"hiu nhu chua" lam dugc gi de giio due
cho giai cap cdng nhan nude minh tinh than
qudc te chii nghTa chan chinh, tinh than gan
giii vdi quan chung lao ddng cic nude
thudc dia Vdi Dang Cpng sin Phip, Hd
Chi Minh liy lam tiee phai ndi ring Ding
Cdng san Phip lim rat it cho cae nude
thudc dia
Khdng chi khing djnh sy cin thiet phii
gan ket cich mang thudc dia va cich mang
chinh qudc, Hd Chi Minh cdn chu dpng
neu ra nhiing bien phip cu thi de hanh
dpng Theo Ngudi, dl ra nhung luan
cuong dai ding dac v i thdng qua nhiing
nghj quylt rat keu de roi sau do dua vao
vien bao tang nhu tir trudc van lam thi
chua du ma phii hanh ddng thiet thyc
Trong bai Phdt biiu tai phiin hpp thic 22
Dai hpi Idn thir V ciia Qudc ti Cdng sdn
(1-7-1924), Hd Chi Minh da dl nghi: md
tren bio L Humaniti mpt mue de dang deu
dan hing tuan it nhat hai cdt cic bai ve van de thudc dia; tang cudng tuyen truyen
va tuyen lya dang vien cua Ding trong nhiing ngudi bin xir d nhiing nude thudc dia da cd phan bp cdng sin; giri nhirng ngudi ban xii vao Trudng Dai hpc Cdng sin cua nhirng ngudi lao ddng phuong Ddng d Mitxcova; thda thuan vdi Tdng lien doan lao ddng thdng nhit de td chiic nhiing ngudi lao ddng ciia eac nude thudc dia lam viec d Phap; dat nhiem vu cho cic dang vien cua Dang phai quan tam hon nira den van de thudc dia
Hd Chi Minh mong mudn v i tin tudng rang mat tran thdng nhat ciia nhan din chinh qudc (Phip) v i thudc dia sdm trd thanh sy that Ngudi keu gpi: "Viec td chirc cdng doin d cic nude thupc dia cd mdt tam quan trpng dac biet Khdng dugc quen nhung ngudi lao ddng thudc dia, phii giiip do cic to "chiic cua hp, dau tranh ben bi chdng nhiing chinh phu cua chinh qudc dang ip birc cic thudc dja, dd
la mdt trong nhiing nhiem vu cap thiet nhat ciia tat ci cic cdng doan cich mang, nhat la d cic nude cd giai cap tu sin di nd dich va bde lot cac nude thudc dia v i nira thudc dia"'
Nhu vay, ngay tir rat sdm, Hd Chi Minh
da nhan ra mdi quan he mat thiet giiia cich mang chinh qudc va cich mang thudc dia Theo Ngudi, CNDQ khdng chi la ke thii cua cac din tdc bi ip birc, mi cdn la ke thii cua nhan dan lao ddng d chinh qudc Do
dd, khdng chi doan kit nhan dan cic dan
Trang 4s u NGHIEP VA TU TU'ONG H 6 CHi MINH
tdc thudc dia de chdng lai chiing, mi each
mang giii phdng dan tdc nude ta cdn phai
doin ket vdi giai cap vd sin tren the gidi
Vi trong sudt qui trinh hoat ddng cich
mang cua minh, Ngudi da no lyc hit minh
cho sy gin ket chat che giiia phong trao
cich mang chinh qudc vdi phong trao cich
mang d thude dia Hd Chi Minh da ciing
vdi nhirng ngudi yeu nude cua cic thudc
dia khic sang lap Hdi Lien hiep thudc dia
mi muc dich chinh eua Hdi li doan ket
nhin dan cic nude thudc dja trong mpt mat
tran chdng CNDQ Trong Tuyen ngdn ciia
Hdi Lien hiep thude dia do Hd Chi Minh
soan thio, ciing keu gpi xay dyng quan he
doan ket ehien dau giiia nhan dan cic nude
thudc dia vdi giai cip cdng nhan va nhan
dan lao ddng chinh qudc: ''Hai cdc ban bi
dp buc d chinh qudc] Giai cap tu sin trong
nude cac ban da lira ddi cic ban, diing cic
ban lam cdng cu di xam lupc dat nude
chiing tdi Ngay nay, van dung cii chinh
sich quy quyet ay giai cdp tu sdn nude cdc
bqn Iqi dinh diing chung tdi de ddn dp mpi
ed gang tu gidi phdng eua cdc bqn Dirng
trudc chii nghTa tu ban vi chu nghTa dl
qudc, quyen Igi cua chiing ta la thdng nhit,
cic ban hay nhd ldi keu ggi eiia Cac Mie:
"Vd san tat ca cac nude, doan kit lai!"'"
Nhic den mdi lien he giiia cich mang
chinh qudc va cich mang thudc dia, Hd Chi
Minh da khing dinh: "khdng cdn xa lam
giai cip vd sin chinh qudc se lam nhiem vu
ciia minh: hp se tdng cd tit ei bpn an bim
ra khdi cira; sau khi da giai phdng minh, hp
se giai phdng nhiing ngudi anh em d Ddng Duong; dugc giai phdng khdi ich de qu6c chu nghTa, nhan dan Ddng Duong nhit djnh
se ty hao va hanh phiic"" Vilt vl phong trao cich mang Ddng Duong va Viet Nam,
trong tic pham Dudng Kdch minh, Hd Chi
Minh lai khing dinh tinh chu ddng ciia each mang thupc dia va sy tic ddng trd lai eua nd ddi vdi each mang vd san d chinh qudc, ring "An Nam dan tdc each menh thinh cdng thi tu ban Phip yeu, tu ban Phap yeu thi cdng ndng Phap lam giai cap cich menh ciing de" Theo quan diem ciia Ngudi, cich mang giai phdng dan tdc d thupc dia khdng nhiing khdng phu thupc vao cich mang vd sin d chinh qudc, ma co khi nang gianh thang Ipi trudc cich mang chinh qudc, va han niia nd edn tao dilu kien thuan Igi cho each mang chinh qu6c mau din thanh cdng
Quan dilm cua Hd Chi Minh vl doan ket lyc lugng cich mang qudc tl va each mang thudc dia ludn phai neu cao tinh than
ty lyc ty cudng va tinh chu ddng cich mang, khdng dugc trdng ehd y lai vao su giiip dd ciia ben ngoai Thyc tien sinh dpng cua lich sii cich mang Viet Nam da chiing minh tinh diing dan ciia tu tudng Hd Chi Minh moi quan he giiia each mang d chinh qudc vdi cich mang thudc dia
1, 2, 9, 10 Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, Nxb CTQG,
H, 2009, T 2, tr 266,124,126-127,128
3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 Sdd T 1, tr 277, 282, 251,
277, 298, 27, 483