Sii tang trifdng vifdt bae nhif vay eua trad ddi thifdng mai va d i u tu giiia hai nifdc da phan anh kha rd net td'e dp tang trifdng kinh te manh me cua Viet Nam, ciing nhif viec cac cdn
Trang 1^?
TRIEN VQNG QUAN HE KINH TE
VIET NAM ' HOA KY SAU 15 NAM
BINH THU'CINC HOA QUAN HE
Ke ttf khi binh thifdng hda
quan he ngeai giao giiia Viet
Nam va Hoa Ky, hdp tac
kinh te giiia hai nifdc ngay cang gia
tang va kheng ngtfng md rpng Dac
biet, sau khi Hiep dinh Thifdng mai
Song phifdng Viet - My (BTA) difdc ky
ket vao nam 2001, quan he kinh te
gida Viet Nam va Hoa Ky da c6 bifdc
chuyen bie'n tfch ciic va danh dau mpt
giai doan mdi trong qua trinh phat
trien quan he thifdng mai va d i u tif
giiia hai nif6c
I Nen tang cho quan he kinh te
Viet • My
Trong nhiing nam vtfa qua, Viet
Nam da co nhiing bifdc di quan trpng
lam cd sd dinh hifdng chinh sach trong
quan he v6i Hoa Ky- Nhiing cd sd do
difdc ghi nhan ro net trong cac Tuyen
bd chung Viet Nam - Hoa Ky, nhan dip
cac ehuyen vieng tham lin nhau cua
nguyen thii qudc gia mdi nifdc Cac ben
da ra nhieu tuyen bd k h i n g dinh
mong mudn xay diing quan he ddi tac
xay diing, hiiu nghi, hdp tac nhieu
mat, dn dinh lau dai giiia hai nif6c
Ths Nguyen Ngoc Manh
Vien Nghien cifu Chdu My
Phia My cam ke't ton trpng chii quyen,
an ninh eiia Viet Nam, md ra nhiing
cd hpi hdp tac mdi giiia hai nifdc tren nhieu linh viic Day ehfnh la nhiing nguyen t i c cd ban nha't de hai nif6c tie'p tuc tang cifdng va phat trien cac md'i quan he vdi nhau
Trong chuye'n tham Hoa Ky cua Chu tich nifdc Nguyen Minh Triet (thang 6/ 2007), hai ben tho'ng nhat ring, mo'i quan he song phifdng Viet Nam - Hoa
Ky dang tie'p tuc md rpng va quan he hai nifdc dang difdc thiic day phat trien len met t i m cao mdi Hai ben ciing da ban nhiing bien phap de thue day hdp tac trong khu viic, va cac bien phap tang cifdng thiic day quan he Sdng phifdng, ca ve kinh te thifdng mai, khoa hpc ky thuat, giao due dao tao, van de nhan dao va van de chat dpc dioxin Hai ben Viet Nam va Hoa
Ky da trao ddi t h i n g t h i n , edi md nhiing van de ma hai nifdc cen e6 quan diem khac biet; nhat tri cho
r i n g c i n tang cifdng trad doi, doi thoai de cd sii cam thong, chia se vdi nhau Tdng tho'ng Bush khing dinh:
"Chiing toi mud'n co quan he td't vdi
Trang 2Viet Nam" Dap lai, Chu tich nifdc
Nguyen Minh Triet noi: "Hai dan tpc
Viet - My deu mud'n boa binh, doan
ke't, va hiiu nghi phai ciing n i m tay
nhau di tdi tUdng lai"
Tuyen bd" chung giiia Hdp chiing
qud'c Hoa Ky va Cpng hoa xa hpi chu
nghia Viet Nam (25/6/2008) giiia Thu
tifdng Nguyin Tan Diing va Tdng
tho'ng G Bush trong dip tham chinh
thdc Hoa Ky cua Thu tifdng Nguyen
Tan Diing co npi dung nhif sau: "Thii
tifdng Nguyen Tan Diing va Tdng
thddng Bush cam ket cd nd liic cu the
n h i m tang cifdng hdn niia md'i quan
he song phifdng dang ngay cang nang
dpng" "Hai nha Lanh dao nha't trf
r i n g quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky difdc
xay diing tren cd sd md'i quan he hiiu
nghi tfch Clic va dang phat trien, tdn
trpng lan nhau, va cting cam ke't hdp
tac nhieu mat mang tinh xay diing
tren nhieu van de de gdp p h i n lam
sau rpng quan he vi ldi ich lau dai cua
hai nUdc" "Hai nha lanh dao ciing
chia se t i m nhin va muc tieu hifdng
tdi mpt khu viic chau A - Thai Binh
Difdng dn dinh, an ninh, dan chu, hoa
binh va trao ddi ve viec ddng gdp cua
Viet Nam va Hoa Ky cho muc tieu
nay trong tUdng lai" Hai nha Lanh
dao hoan nghenh viec tie'p tuc tang
cifdng quan he hdp tac kinh te va
thifdng mai gida hai nude, Hai ben
nhat tri ring, quan he kinh te va
thifdng mai la quan trpng dd'i vdi
quan he song phifdng Hai nha Lanh
dao tuyen b,d Hoa Ky va Viet Nam se
khdi dpng dam phan Hiep dinh D i u tif Sdng phifdng (BIT), the hien sii cam ke't cua hai ben ve dd'i xii cdng bing, khdng phan biet, minh bach do'i vdi dau tii nifdc ngoai Tdng tho'ng Bush khang dinh Hoa Ky dang xem xet tich Clic de nghi cua Viet Nam difdc tham gia chifdng trinh Uu dai Thue quan phd cap (GSP) va Tdng thd'ng ghi nhan de nghi cua Viet Nam
ve viec cdng nhan Quy che Kinh te thi trifdng Hai nha Lanh dao ghi nhan
t i m quan trpng cua nhiing nd liic trong khudn khd Dien dan Hdp tac kinh te chau A - Thai Binh Dudng (APEC) n h i m thuc day quan he thifdng mai, d i u tif tii do va cdi md, ke
ca trien vpng ciia mpt Khu viic Mau dich tii do chau A - Thai Binh Difdng Hai nha Lanh dad trao ddi viec md rpng
va tang cifdng dd'i thoai gitta cac quan chifc cao cap cua hai nifdc Hai nha lanh dao ung hp viec lap cd che dd'i thoai mdi ve chinh tri - qud'c phdng va chinh sach n h i m tang cifdng sii trao ddi thifdng xuyen va sau hdn ve cac van
de chie'n lifdc va an ninh Hai nha lanh dao ghi nhan ldi ich cua dd'i thoai thang thin, cdi md ve cac van de lien quan tdi nhan quyen va cac quyen tii do cd ban
"Tdng thd'ng Bush tai khang dinh sii ung hd cua Chinh phii Hoa Ky dd'i vdi chu quyen qud'c gia, an ninh, toan ven lanh thd ctia Viet Nam"
Nhif vay, nhiing cd sd dinh hifdng chfnh sach eiia Viet Nam treng quan he vdi Hda Ky da diide xac dinh rd rang: quan he Viet Nam - Hoa Ky difdc xay
Trang 3diing tren cd sd hiiu nghi tich ciic va
dang phat trien, tdn treng lan nhau, va
cung cam ke't hdp tac nhieu mat mang
tinh xay diing tren nhieu van de de gdp
phin lam sau rdng quan he vi ldi ich
lau dai cua hai nifdc, cam ke't cd nd liic
cu the nhim tang cifdng hdn niia md'i
quan he seng phifdng dang ngay cang
nang ddng Hoa Ky ung hd dd'i vdi chii
quyen qud'c gia, an ninh, toan ven lanh
thd cua Viet Nam Va nhiing cd sd phap
ly chd quan he kinh te Viet Nam - Hea
Ky cung da difdc hai ben xac dinh rd
rang: BTA, PNTR, TIFA, tie'n tdi BIT,
GSP, FTA, Day la nhdng dinh hifdng
quan trpng, diing d i n ve nhan thdc
dd'i vdi md'i quan he Viet Nam -Hoa
Ky Cd the coi day la sii hoan tat cac
cd sd quan he kinh te seng phifdng
giiia Viet Nam va Hea Ky, bad dam
cho md'i quan he hifdng nay tdi ddi tac
kinh te chie'n lifdc
II Nhiifng thanh qua dat dxidc
Cd the ndi, quan he kinh te Viet
Nam - Hoa Ky, nhat la ttf khi thiic
hien Hiep dinh Thifdng mai song
phUdng Viet Nam - Hea Ky, da cd tac
dpng kha toan dien de'n sii phat trien
kinh te va cd cau kinh te Viet Nam va
dd ciing la mdt trong nhiing dieu kien
bao dam nhip dp tang trifdng cao cua
nen kinh te Viet Nam trong nhiing
nam qua Viec ky ket va thiic hien
Hiep dinh Thifdng mai song phifdng
vdi Hda Ky giiip cho hang hda xuat
khau cua Viet Nam khdng bi phan biet
dd'i xd tai thi trifdng Hoa Ky, mang lai
cd hdi md rdng giao lifu thifdng mai cho ca hai ben, nhanh chdng difa Hoa
Ky trd thanh thi trifdng hang d i u cho hang xuat khau cua Viet Nam
Ne'u nhif nam 2001, kim ngach xua't nhap khau giiia hai nifdc mdi chi dat 1,4 ty USD thi de'n nam 2009, con sd' dd da dat hdn 15 ty USD, difa Hoa
Ky trd thanh thi trifdng xuat khau ldn nhat cua Viet Nam Hoa Ky ciing da trd thanh nha d i u tif nifdc ngoai hang
d i u tai Viet Nam vdi tdng vd'n d i u tif nam 2009 dat 9,8 ty U S D \ Ke't qua nay khdng chi tao dieu kien thuan ldi cho sii hdp tac, phat trien kinh te thifdng mai ben viing giiia hai nifdc,
ma cdn khang dinh vi the, mdi trifdng kinh doanh ngay cang phu hdp vdi chuan miie qud'c t e c u a Viet Nam Sii tang trifdng vifdt bae nhif vay eua trad ddi thifdng mai va d i u tu giiia hai nifdc da phan anh kha rd net td'e dp tang trifdng kinh te manh me cua Viet Nam, ciing nhif viec cac cdng
ty cua Hoa Ky cd md'i quan he kha hieu qua trong hdp tac kinh te vdi Viet Nam, nhat la trong cac van de lien quan de'n viec cung cap may mdc thiet bi, nguyen vat lieu, cdng nghe,
ky nang quan ly, dao tao va cau nd'i xua't nhap khau va giao lifu cho cae nganh kinh te qud'c dan dang phat trien rat nhanh chdng cua Viet Nam
Ve thifdng mat
Theo sd' lieu Thd'ng ke Hai quan cho thay, ne'u nhU trong nam 2005 va
2006, tdng kim ngach hang hda xua't khau cua Viet Nam sang thi trifdng
Trang 4Hoa Ky chi dat tifdng tfng 5,91 ty USD
va 7,83 ty USD thi de'n nam 2007, tdng
tri gia hang hda Viet Nam xuat khau
sang Hea Ky da vifdt cdn sd 10 ty
USD Nam 2008, tuy chiu anh hifdng
nang ne cua cuoc suy thoai kinh te bat
d i u tai Hoa Ky vao thang 12/2007 va
tie'p de'n la eudc khung hoang kinh te
toan clu ttf giiia nam 2008, nhifng
quan he thifdng mai giiia hai nifdc v i n
cd nhiing dau hieu kha quan Tong
kim ngach budn ban hang hda hai
chieu trong nam 2008 dat 14,5 ty USD, tang 23% so vdi nam 2007 Sang de'n nam 2009, mac du tie'p tuc gap nhieu khd khan do suy thoai kinh te nhifng tdng kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang thi trifdng tieu thu hang hda ldn nhat the gidi nay van dat dupe 11,36 ty USD, giam 4,3% sd vdi ke't qua thiic hien cua mdt nam trifdc
dd Hoa Ky tie'p tuc la thi triidng nhap khau hang hoa ldn nhat cua cac nha xuat khau Viet Nam
Bieu d o : Q u a n h e thifofng m a i Viet N a m - Hoa Ky giai d o a n n a m 2005 - 2009 va quy 1/2010
Trieu USD
14000
Nam 2005 Nam 2006 Nam 2007 Nam 2008 Nam 2009 Quy 1/2010
DNhap khau 0 X u a t khau DCan can thifdng mai
N g u o n : Tong cue Hdi Quan
Trong quy 1/2010, boat ddng xuat
nhap khau ciia Viet Nam vdi Hoa Ky
cd nhieu da'u hieu lac quan So vdi
cung ky cac nam trifdc, tdng kim
ngach xuat nhap khau cua Viet Nam
quy 1/2010 sang thi trifdng Hoa Ky
dat mdc cao nhat ttf trifdc den nay So'
lieu thd'ng ke mdi nha't eua Tdng cue Hai quan chp tha'y trong quy 1/2010, Hoa Ky tie'p tuc la thi trifdng xuat khau hang hda ldn nhat cua Viet Nam vdi tdng tri gia dat gan 2,84 ty USD, tang manh 23,2% so vdi cung thdi gian nam trifdc va chie'm tdi 19,6%
Trang 5tdng kim ngach xuat khau cua tat ca
cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam 0 chieu
ngifdc lai, trong quy 1/2010, tdng tri
gia hang hoa nhap khau ttf thi trifdng
Hoa Ky dat 809 trieu USD, tang
manh va dat 77,8% so vdi cung ky cua
nam trifdc Nguyen nhan chinh khie'n
kim ngach nhap khau ttf thi trifdng
nay tang manh la dd gia tri hang
nhap khau thdc an gia sue va nguyen
lieu tang ddt bie'n vdi 139 trieu USD,
tang 120 trieu USD se vdi quy 1/2009
Ne'u duy tri da tang trifdng kim
ngach xuat nhap khau binh quan quy
1/2010, tdng kim ngach trao ddi hang
hoa gitta Viet Nam va Hoa Ky trong
nam 2010 ifdc cd the dat len de'n con
so' 19 ty USD, tham chi con so' nay ed
the len de'n 20 ty USD; trong do kim
ngach xuat khau hang hda cd the dat
hdn 14 ty USD va kim ngach nhap
khau hang hda ifdc dat hdn 5 ty USD
Trong ndm 2009, Hoa Ky viidt qua Nhdt Bdn de trd thdnh ddi tdc thiidng mgi ldn thU hai cua Viet Nam So' lieu
Thd'ng ke Hai quan ghi nhan tii nam
2003 de'n nay, Hoa Ky ludn ludn la thi trifdng gianh vi tri quan quan ve tieu thu hang hda cd xuat xif ttf Viet Nam vdi ty treng trung binh giai doan 2005
- 2009 chie'm khoang 20% tdng kim ngach xua't khau cua ca nifdc Ddng thdi, Hoa Ky ciing la mdt trong nhiing thi trifdng chfnh (difng d vi trf thii 7) cung cap hang hda cho eac nha nhap khau Viet Nam Ty trpng binh quan nhap khau ttf Hoa Ky ca giai doan 2005-2009 chie'm khoang 3% tdng kim ngach nhap khau cua ca nifdc ttf tat
ca cac thi trifdng Nhif vay, tinh chung cho ca xuat nhap khau thi ttf nam 2005-2008 Hoa Ky la dd'i tac thifdng mai ldn thtf ba cua cac cdng ty Viet Nam Nhifng sang nam 2009, Hea Ky da vUdt qua Nhat Ban vifdn len vi tri thtf hai, chi sau Trung Qud'c
B a n g 1: Kim n g a c h , ty t r o n g va thiJf h a n g kim ngach hang hoa xuat
khau, nhap khau giiJfa Viet Nam va Hoa Ky trong nam 2009
Chi t i e u
Xuat nhap khau
Xuat khau Nhap khau
Tinh todn tren nguon sdlieu cua Tong cue Hdi quan Viet Nam
Tong kim ngach (ty USD)
Thii hang ciia Hoa Ky trong tong so' tat ca cac khu vUc
thi trUdng xuat nhap kh&u ciia Viet Nam
Ty trong so vdi tong kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet
Nam (%)
14,36
2 11,4
11,36
1
20,2
3,00
7 4,3
Tinh todn tren nguon sdlieu cua Ca quan Thdng ke Hoa Ky
Thii hang cua Viet Nam trong tong so tat ca cac khu
vUc thi trUdng xuat nhap khau cua Hoa Ky
Ty trong so v6i tong kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua
Hoa Ky (%)
30 0,6
45 0,3
26 0,8
Nguon: Tong cue Hdi quan Viet Nam vd Co quan Thdng ke Hoa Ky
Trang 6Bang so lieu tren cho thay, Hoa Ky niidc luon duy tri mUc thdng dii ldn
la thi trudng tieu thu hang hoa ldn Trong nhieu nam qua, can can thifdng nhat va la thi trifdng cung cap hang mai hang hda cua Viet Nam ludn d hda ldn thd 7 cho Viet Nam Nhifng d trang thai nhap sieu va mdc nhap chieu ngifdc lai, tri gia budn ban hai sieu ngay cang tang nhifng ngifde lai chieu giiia Viet Nam vdi thi trifdng trong quan he thifdng mai vdi Hoa Ky
nay chie'm ty trpng rat nhd trong tdng - cdn cdn thiidng mgi hdng hda cita kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua Hoa Viet Nam luon duy tri miic thdng dii
Ky Cu the, ve thd hang kim ngach
xuat nhap khau cua Viet Nam so vdi
cac khu vifc thi triidng xuat nhap
khau khac cua Hda Ky thi Viet Nam
chi ddng d vi tri thtf 30 vdi thi p h i n
0,6% Trdng dd, Viet Nam la nha xua't
khau ddng thd 45 sang Hoa Ky vdi ty
trpng 0,3% va la thi trifdng ddng thd
26 nhap khau hang hda ttf Hoa Ky vdi
ty trpng la 0,8%
Cdn cdn thiidng mgi hdng hda cua
Viet Nam trong buon bdn giifa hai
Cu the trong nam" 2005, Viet Nam xuat sieu sang Hoa Ky 5,04 ty USD; sang nam 2008 con sd' nay la 9,23 ty USD; trong nam 2009, do chiu anh hifdng eua cude khung hoang kinh te tai Hoa Ky va tren pham vi toan clu, xuat khau cua Viet Nam sang thi triidng Hoa Ky giam sd vdi mdt nam trifdc dd trong khi nhap khau ttf thi trifdng nay lai tang nen xuat sieu cua Viet Nam dat 8,35 ty USD, tifdng difdng mdc nhap sieu eua nam 2007
Bang 2: Kim ngach, toe do tang/giam kim ngach xuat nhap khau va can can thvfofng mai hang hoa Viet Nam - Hoa Ky giai doan 2005 - 2009
Chi t i e u N a m
2005
Nam
2006
N a m
2007
N a m
2008
N a m
2009
Xuat k h a u
Tong kim ngach xuat khau hang hoa ciia Viet
Nam sang Hoa Ky (trieu USD)
Toe do tang/giam kim ngach xuat khau cua Viet
Nam sang Hoa Ky (%)
Toe do tang/giam xuat khau ciia ca nude (%)
5.905
-7.829 32,6 22,8
10.089 28,9 21,9
11.869 17,6 29,1
11.356 -4,3 -8,9
N h a p k h a u
Tong kim ngach nhap khau hang hoa cua Viet
Nam tu: Hoa Ky (trieu USD)
Toe do tang/giam nhap khau ciia Viet Nam tii
Hoa Kv (%)
To'c do tang/giam nhap khau cua ca nU6c (%)
Can c a n t h i i d n g m a i h a n g h o a ciia Viet N a m
v6i Hoa Ky (XK-NK) ( t r i e u USD)
Can c a n thifdng m a i h a n g h o a vdi ta't ca cac
nifdc t r e n t h e gidi (XK-NK) (trieu USD)
863 - 5.042 -4.540
982 13,8 21,4 6.847 -5.065
^ 1.700 73,1 39,6 8.389 -14.121
2.635 55,0 28,8 9.233 -18.029
3.006 14,1 -13,3 8.350
12.853
Ngudn: Tong cue Hdi quan
Cdc mat hdng xudt khdu chu yeu cua Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky trong
hang det may, go vd sdn phdm gd, gidy dep cdc loai, ddu tho, hdng
phdm dien tit vd linh kien,
nhitng ndm qua bao gom hdi sdn, mdy vi tinh sdn
Trang 7Hoa Ky cung la mdt trong nhdng (chie'm 55% tdng kim ngach xua't thi trifdng ldn nhat ve nhap khau mdt khau mat hang nay cua ca nifdc); giay
sd mat hang chinh cua nifdc ta giai dep (chie'm 23%), gd va san pham gd doan 2005-2009 nhif sau: det may (chie'm 33%), • < • • • • ; = : : ' : '
Bang 3: Kim ngach, ty trong mot so' nhom hang chinh Viet Nam xuat
khau sang Hoa Ky nam 2009 va quy 1/2010
Chi t i e u
^~~~ „.^^ N a m
T e n hang^^"" - ,^^
H a n g det may
Go & san p h a m go
H a n g giay dep
Dau tho
H a n g t h u y san
May vi t i n h , s a n
p h a m dien tii &
linh k i e n
H a t dieu
Tiii xach, vi, vali, mii
va 6 dd
Ca phe
H a n g hoa khac
T o n g k i m n g a c h
Nguon: Tong cue F
Ghi chu: Ty trgng
K i m n g a c h ( t r i e u U S D )
2009
4.995 1.100 1.039
470
711
433
255
224
197 1.932
11.356
Idi quan 1: ty tror
Q u y 1/2010
1.288
279
263
78
143
124
42
62
60
499
20838
lg xudt khe
Ty t r o n g 1 (%)
2009
44,0 9,7 9,1 4,1
6,3
3,8
2,2 2,0 1,7 17,0
100
iu nhon
Q u y 1/2010
45,4
9,8
9,3 2,7 5,0
4,4
1,5 2,2 2,1 17,6
100
I hdng do
T y t r o n g 2 (%)
2009
55,1 42,4 25,5
8,2
16,8 15,7 30,1 30,7 11,4
7,6 19,9
trong t
Q u y 1/2010
57,9 37,4 26,2
6,2
16,0 17,7 26,6 33,4 12,5
7,3 19,6
ong kim n
T a n g / g i a m s o vdi
n a m trifdc (%)
2009
•2,2
3,4
-3,4
-52,9
-3,8
42,0
-4,8 -4,7 -6,5 5,7 -4,3
gach xu
Q u y 1/2010/
Q u y 1/2009
23,0 37,2
6,3
-17,5 26,5 42,9
-4,2
46,6
-9,5
38,7
23,1
dt khdu cda Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky
Ty trong 2: ty trong xudt khdu sang Hoa Ky trong tdng kim ngach xudt khdu nhom hdng do cua Viet Nam
Hang det may: la mdt trong xuat khau cua ca nifdc Day cung la
nhdng mat hang the manh cua Viet nhdm hang chiem ty trpng ldn nha't Nam, cd ddng gdp ldn vao kim ngach trong tdng gia tri xuat khau cua Viet
Trang 8Nam sang Hoa Ky (khoang 43% trong
giai doan 2005-2009) San pham det
may cua Viet Nam dang ngay cang
thu hut dUdc sii chu y cua cac nha
nhap khau va dUdc Uy ban Thifdng
mai qud'c te Hoa Ky (USITC) nhan
dinh: Viet Nam la mdt trong nhdng
nifdc hang d i u d chau A cd kha nang
canh tranh dUdc vdi Trung Qud'c trong
linh viic det may Hiep hpi Nhap khau
Det may Hoa Ky ciing cho bie't, Viet
Nam la sii liia chpn thd hai cua cac
nha nhap khau Hoa Ky sau Trung
Qud'c khi tim kie'm ngudn cung cap
hang td chau A Dac biet khi Viet
Nam chinh thdc trd thanh thanh vien
cua WTO nen khdng cdn chiu sdc ep
ve han ngach khi xuat khau hang det
may vao thi trifdng nay Sd' lieu thd'ng
ke cho thay, mpt diem dang lifu y la
trong nhdm hang nay ty trpng hang
gia cdng rat cao, chie'm hdn 1/2 tdng
tri gia nhdm hang nay Viet Nam xua't
khau sang Hoa Ky
Go & sdn phdm go: Vdi ngudn
cung ddi dae, ngudn nhan liic san cd,
nganh cdng nghiep nhe che bien gd
dang tren da phat trien hdn vdi ty
trpng dao dpng quanh mdc khoang
10% Vi tri ddng gdp vao tdng tri gia
xua't khau cua Viet Nam sang Hoa Ky
eua nhdm hang nay ciing difdc cai
thien dang ke Cu^ the, nhdm hang
nay ddng vi tri thd 8-9 s l p theo thd
tii giam d i n cua eac nam 2003, 2004 thi l i n lifdt de'n cac nam 2005, 2006, san pham nay vifdn len vi tri thd tif trong bang xep hang va vifdn len vi tri thd hai treng nam 2009
Gidy dep: Cung n i m trong nhdm
hang cdng nghiep nhe nhii det may, san pham giay dep cd mdc xuat khau tang trifdng kha qua cac nam giai ddan 2005-2009 Tuy nhien, so vdi tri gia xuat khau hang giay dep cua Viet Nam sang thi trifdng Lien minh chau
Au (EU27) thi v i n chifa tifdng xdng vdi tiem nang cua ca hai nUdc Tdng tri gia xua't khau hang giay dep sang Hoa Ky chi bang 1/3 kim ngach xuat khau nhdm hang nay cua Viet Nam sang thi trifdng EU Do do, trong thdi gian tdi cac ddanh nghiep giay dep cin day manh xua't khau sang thi trifdng tiem nang rat ldn nay
Cac mat hang nhap khau chinh ctia Viet Nam ttf Hoa Ky treng nhdng nam qua bad gdm may mdc thie't bi & dung cu phu tung, bdng cac loai, chat dee nguyen lieu, thdc an gia sue & nguyen lieu, nguyen phu lieu det may
da giay,
Trong giai doan 2005 - 2009, cd cau mat hang Viet Nam nhap khau td Hoa Ky ludn ddng d i u la nhdm hang may mdc, thie't hi, dung cu & phu tung va chie'm ty trpng khoang 1/5 tdng tri gia hang boa Viet Nam nhap khau td Hoa Ky
Trang 9Bang 4: Kim ngach, ty trong mot so nhom hang chinh Viet Nam nhap
khau ta Hoa Ky nam 2009 va quy 1/2010 ''
Chi t i e u
N a m
Mat h a n g
May moe, thiet bi, dung
cu, phu tung khac
0 to cac loai
Bong cac loai
Chat deo nguyen lieu
Thiic an gia siie va
nguyen lieu
Nguyen phu lieu det,
may, da, giay
May vi tinh, san pham
dien tii va linh kien
Go va san pham go
Siia va san pham siia
San pham hoa chat
Hang hoa khac
Tong k i m n g a c h
Kim n g a c h ( t r i e u USD)
2009
716
268
192
147
176
77
89
104
46
93 1.098 3.006
Quy
1/2010
154
22
46
32
139
30
27
34
23
27
275
809
Ty t r o n g 1
(%)
2009
23,8 8,9 6,4 4,9 5,9 2,6 3,0 3,5 1,5 3,1 36,5
100
Quy
1/2010
19,0 2,7 5,7 4,0 17,2 3,7 3,3 4,2 2,8 3,3 34,0
100
Ty t r o n g 2 (%)
2009
5,7 21,3 48,9 5,2 10,0 4,0 2,3 11,5 8,9 5,9 2,6
4,3
Quy
L/2010
5,3 13,9 30,8 4,2 22,6 5,8 2,7 15,4 13,4 6,4 2,5 4,5
T a n g / g i a m so vdi
n a m trifdc (%)
2009
68,9 4,9
-1,5 -6,4
25,5 -42,1 -31,3 -15,7 -27,6 66,6 14,6
14,1
Quy 1/2010/ Quy 1^2009
15,8 14,6 69,0 79,3 631,7 138,4 73,9 103,0 120,5 64,2 65,2
77,8
Nguon: Tong cue Hdi quan
Ghi chu: Ty trong 1: ty trong nhdp khdu nhom hdng do trong tdng kim ngach nhdp khdu cua Viet Nam tit Hoa Ky
Ty trong 2: ty trgng nhdp khdu tif Hoa Ky trong tdng kim ngach nhdp khdu nhom hdng do cua Viet Nam
Nhif vay, cd the ndi, mac du tri gia
budn ban hang hda cua Viet Nam vdi
Hoa Ky trong nhdng nam vtfa qua cd
nhieu dau hieu lac quan, nhifng trong
thdi gian tdi de cd the tang thi phin
xuat khau vao thi trifdng tieu thu hang
hda ldn nhat the gidi nay, cac deanh
nghiep Viet Nam cin thuc day manh
heat ddng xua't khau sang Hda Ky,
ddng thdi tang cifdng hdn nda cac boat
ddng xuc tie'n thifdng mai gida hai nude
trdng cac khudn khd: doanh nghiep-doanh nghiep, dien dan-dien dan, hiep hdi-hiep hdi, cd quan chinh phu-cd quan chinh phu va cao hdn nda la gida Chinh phu cua hai nifde Mdt diem
dang chu y la, xudt khdu cua khdi
doanh nghiep cd vdn ddu tii trUc tiep niidc ngodi (FDI) cda Viet Nam sang thi triidng ndy chiem hdn 60% trong tdng kim nggch xudt khdu cua Viet Nam, nhiing nhdp khdu cua cdc doanh
Trang 10nghiep FDI tii thi triidng ndy chiem ty
trgng chiia den 1/3 Mat khac, td trifdc
de'n nay cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam
chu ye'u chi lam b^ng gia cdng cho
nhdng dd'i tac - thUdng mai cua Viet
Nam sau dd xuat khau Hoa Ky Sd' lieu
Thd'ng ke Hai quan mdi nha't cho thay,
tri gid hdng gia cong chiem hdn 1/4
tong kim nggch xudt khdu hdng hod
cua Viet Nam sang thi triidng ndy Do
dd, cac nha xua't khau Viet Nam cin
nang cao gia tri gia tang trong san
pham, ddng thdi phai quan tam hdn
nda de'n viec xay diing thiidng hieu,
nham tang uy tin cua doanh nghiep
tren thi trifdng va tao niem tin td't hdn
dd'i vdi ngifdi tieu dung d thi trifdng cd
tiem nang rat ldn nay
Ve quan he ddu tif
Td khi Viet Nam tien hanh Doi mdi
va cd Luat d i u tif nifdc ngoai, My la
mdt trong nhdng nifdc d i u tif vao Viet
Nam cham nhat do lenh cam van cua
chinh quyen My dd'i vdi Viet Nam
Trong 5 nam, td nam 1988 de'n nam
1993, do cdn bi cam van, sd' dii an cua
cac cdng ty My vao Viet Nam chi la 10
vdi so' vd'n la 23 trieu USD, trong khi
dd, tdng dau tif niidc ngoai vao Viet
Nam giai doan nay la 836 dii an vdi
tdng sd'vd'n la 7,5 ty USD
Tuy nhien, td nam 1991, khi ehinh
phu My ndi long cam van, cac cdng ty
My da difdc phep td chdc cac phai doan
sang lam viee tai Viet Nam Nhd do, rat
nhieu doan kinh doanh da sang Viet
Nam tim kie'm cd hdi kinh doanh Cud'i
nam 1993, Cd quan kiem soat tai san
nifdc ngoai cua My da thdng qua cd che kiem seat, cap phep chd tdng trifdng hdp va da cap phep cho 160 cdng ty difdc phep boat ddng tai Viet Nam De'n cud'i nam 1994, da cd 60 van phdng dai dien cua cae cdng ty My boat ddng tai Viet Nam Den gida nam 1995 sd' van phdng da tang len gap ddi va de'n nam
1996 da tang len gap 5 lin
Sau khi Tdng thd'ng B Clinton tuyen bd' bd cam van dd'i vdi Viet Nam, mac du khdng cd sii d i u tif d at vao Viet Nam, nhifng cac hoat dpng
d i u tif cua cac edng ty My da cd bifdc phat trien nhanh chdng Chi rieng nam 1994, nam d i u tien My bd cam van Viet Nam, da cd 12 dii an d i u tif vdi tdng sd' vd'n la 120 trieu USD so vdi 10 dii an cua 5 nam trifdc Trong danh sach cac nha d i u tif ldn n h a t ' vao Viet Nam thdi diem dd My xep thd 14 Sang nam 1995, Tdng thd'ng
My tuyen bd' binh thifdng hda quan he vdi Viet Nam, viec d i u tif cua My vao Viet Nam da cd bifdc chuyen bie'n ldn vdi 19 dii an va tdng sd'vd'n len tdi 397 trieu USD
De'n nam 2000 danh dau mpt cdt md'c mdi trong quan he Viet - My dd la Hiep dinh Thifdng mai Viet Nam - Hoa
Ky difdc ky ke't Tuy nhien, trong thdi gian nay, cung vdi xu the chung ve sii giam sut thu hut vd'n d i u tif niidc ngoai cua Viet Nam, vd'n d i u tif cua
My giam xud'ng 81 trieu USD Sang nam 2001, khi Hiep dinh b i t d i u cd hieu liic, tdng vd'n d i u tif cua My da tang len rat nhanh Dieu nay difdc the