MYNISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MYNISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION HANOI ARCHITECTURAL UNIVERSITY --- NGUYỄN QUỐC TUÂN CONSERVING AND PROMOTING THE VALUE OF FRENCH QUARTER’S ARCHITECTURAL –
Trang 1MYNISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING MYNISTRY OF CONSTRUCTION
HANOI ARCHITECTURAL UNIVERSITY
-
NGUYỄN QUỐC TUÂN
CONSERVING AND PROMOTING THE VALUE OF FRENCH QUARTER’S ARCHITECTURAL – URBAN HERITAGE
IN HAIPHONG CITY
MAJOR : ARCHITECTURE CODE : 62.58.01.02
SUMMARY OF PHD THESIS IN ARCHITECTURE
Hanoi, 2014
Trang 2The scientific guidance: Prof Dr Arch Nguyễn Bá Đang
Dr Arch Nguyễn Trí Thành
Reviewer 1:Prof Dr Arch.Hoàng Đạo Kính
Reviewer 2:Assoc Prof Dr Arch.Nguyễn Hồng Thục
Reviewer 3:Dr Arch.Lê Quân
The thesis was defended at the University’s Scientific Council at:
at (hour) (date) (month) (year) 2014
The thesis can be found in;
1 National Library of Vietnam
2 Hanoi Architectural University’s Library
AUTHOR’S PUBLISHED RELATED WORKS
1 Architectural – urban heritage from French colonial period in
small and medium towns before 1945 - a part of Vietnam's cultural heritage[Vietnam Architecture Magazine, no 4, 2006]
2 Water factor with the formation of the French Quarter in Hai
Phong [Vietnam Architecture Magazine, no 11, 2010]
3 Assessing the potential of urban heritage conservation of French
Quarter in Hai Phong [Vietnam Architecture Magazine, no 8,
2013]
4 Conservation and promoting the value of French quarter’s
architectural – urban heritage in Hai Phong city [Architecture
Magazine, no 9, 2013]
5 Retention and promoting the impression of a riverside city [Vietnam Architecture Magazine, no.10, 2013]
Trang 3INTRODUCTION
1 Problem setting
In the course of historical development, Vietnam has accumulated a
large architectural - urban heritage fund, including ones are formed under
French colonial These legacies have high values of architecture, art and
uses, and has been involved inVietnamese social life for more than a
century and played an important historical role in the development of the
country, thus they became a part of the cultural heritage of Vietnam
Connecting heritage with urban development will enhance the value of
historical urban areas and bring benefits to the local economy Bringing
heritage to participate in local life and activities helps contributing the
preservation and promotion of heritage value However in the process of
development and modernization, many places has priority over the
short-term goal rather than to maintain architectural - urban heritage treasury
fund, therefore heritage at many places has been affected, vulnerable hurt,
even destroyed - though bringing up local economic benefits but losing the
moral values of the community This is the loss of the country, and of the
part of humanity
In the French colonial period, Hai Phong is the third largest city of
Vietnam after Hanoi and Saigon - Cholon In Hai Phong, it has formed
aquite complete and diverse network of urban structures, which is built at
a large scale and high quality Today, the French Quarter is the historic
center of the city, and is the nuclear orientation of urban development in
Hai Phong - one in six central urban areas of the country, one of the three
poles of the triangle Northern economic development
While there have been many detailedstudies aboutarchitectural -
urban heritage from French colonial period in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh
City, Hai Phong, the French Quarter has not been equally concerned with
its meaning and valuablecharacteristic So far, Hai Phong has neither build
acompleteconservation plan, nor statistically listed urban architectural
heritagefund in the province under the French period.There isn’t any
regulation and management solutions to preserve and promote its values
On the academic side, there is no dissertation, thesis or scientific research
projects addressing the above issues towards the integration of
architectural and urban heritage value
In this context, choosing thesis topic "Preservation and promoting the value of architectural - urban heritage in French Quarter in Hai Phong city" is significantly urgen on both theoretical and practical aspects
2 The purpose of the thesis research
The purpose of the thesis is to preserve and promote the values of the French Quarter in Hai Phong as an integrated system between the architectural heritage and urban heritage The research tasks are defined as follows:
- Evaluate potential conservation of architectural - urban heritage in French Quarter in Hai Phong
- Identify architectural - urban heritage fund and conservation subdivisions
- Propose solutions to preserve the architectural heritage in French Quarter in Haiphong
- Propose oriented management of architectural - urban heritage in Hai Phong’s French Quarter
- Propose solutions and promote the value of urban heritage architecture of the French Quarter in the development of Hai Phong continuation of Hai Phong Urban
3 Subjects and scope of research
The object of the thesis is studying the legacy system of architectural and urban heritage of French in the French Quarter of Hai
Phong The nature of the architectural - urban heritage in French colonial period including: the space and urban landscape formed during the French
colonial period (1858-1954) The architecture which is influenced by French culture, French style but formed in the later period is not subject of this thesis research
The scope of the study is defined in terms of space and time French Quarter in Hai Phong is formed from 1874 to 1954, in the area bounded by the Cam River, Tam Bac River, Tam Bac Lake (Lap River) and the center garden strip The scope of research can expand to integrate the architectural heritage of that period but located in/adjacent to French Quarter
4 Research Methodology
Perform the tasks set, the thesis approaches using analyzing systems and synthesized knowledge and processing information from the component researchs:
- Methods of collection, retrospective
Trang 4- Methods of analysis - synthesis
- Survey methodology and survey XH school
- Statistical methods and classification
- Map overlay method
- Methods comparison / reconciliation
- Experimental Methods
5 Meaning and practice of the thesis
5.1 Scientific significance:
- For the first time, the French Quarter in Hai Phongis selectedas an
object of a research thesis In particular, this thesis is not only about
conservation, renovation and adaptation of French colonial architectural
values, but also take the whole urban structure of the city as the research
object
- The thesis has a new approach to analyze urban structure (the land
use characteristics, the structures and methods used in urban economic
activities, social and cultural), evaluate the conservation potential of
French Quarter in Haiphong through scientific evaluation criterion,
considering both aspects: preserving and promoting the value to propose
solutions for sustainable development which has an outstandingcapital
value that needsto conserve, yet meet a big challenge to develope in
urbanization trends(at all costs)
5.2 Practical significance
- Provide reliable scientific data for research related to the
characteristics and values of the urban architectural heritage in French
Quarter in Hai Phong
- Contributing to complete the regulatory environment, strategic
planning and policies to improve management efficiency and promote the
value of the urban architectural heritage in the continuing development
and sustainability
6 New contributions of the thesis
6.1 The contribution of scientific aspects:
- Develop new approaches to the studying of the French Quarter
that has medium and small scale like Hai Phong city to fund conservation
of urban heritage value in the history of urban development in Vietnam
- Contributing to clarify the behavior of fund scientific heritage and
urban architecture as they are two entities considered organic, integral to
the solutions proposed conservation and promoting their value in urban
development in Vietnam in the near future
- Establish criteria for evaluating potential conservation consistent with the characteristics of Vietnam’surban heritage, contributions to conservation science in terms of methodology
6.2 Contribution in practical aspects:
- Inventory, establishing zoning categories and funds to protect the architectural - urban heritage in French Quarter in Hai Phong
- Propose solutions to preserve and promote the values of the architectural heritage of the French colonial period in urban planning urban development in Hai Phong
7 Thesis’s structure
The thesis structure consists of an Introduction, Content and Conclusion - Recommendations Content section includes 3 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of study of colonial period architectural - urban heritage conservation and French Quarter in Haiphong
Chapter 2: Scientific basis for conserving and promoting the architectural - urban heritage value of French Quarter in Haiphong
Chapter 3: Solution preserve and promote the heritage value of
urban architecture French Quarter Haiphong
Reference list includes 71 materials
Separated appendix includes 14 appendices (136 pages)
THESIS CONTENT
Chapter 1: Overview of study of colonial period architectural - urban heritage conservation and French Quarter in Haiphong
1.1 Overview of conservation research and promote the value of architectural - urban heritage during colonial period in the world and in Vietnam
Thesis research situation of heritage conservation of colonial architecture in the world and in Vietnam, introduced the concept of heritage, urban architectural heritage, movements and trends in heritage conservation in the world, including some emerging issues related to the conservation of the architectural heritage of the French Quarter in Hai Phong as follows:
- From the conservation of monuments turned to heritage conservation and urban conservation, conservation scope is expanded (including space and landscaping around the monument, heritage)
Trang 5- Development in continuing is the development process does not
create disruptions and ensure continuity of urban life Because of the
urban physical environment (physical) and social - humanity (soul) was
formed in evolutionary history, continuation generations and historical
periods, creating living entity that associated past and present Urban
heritage is an integral part, and exist in parallel with the movement of
urban life
- In the other country, colonial architectural - urban heritage is
preserved and effectively promotedunder various forms, the most common
of which is cultural tourism exploite In Vietnam, there are some new
studies related to urban heritage during French colonial period in the large
urban (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City), but the lack of strict counting, no
regulations on the management of French Quarter; there is a phenomenon
that building has built unreasonable, heritage conversion with unsuitable
functions, even invaded and destroyed
In Hai Phong, urban architectural heritagefund of the French
colonial period are quite diverse in type, style and fashion The
preservation of this heritage group has not been given due to few attention
to its value So far, the city government just conduct an inventory, drawing
a record number of major public buildings and worthyvillas French
Quarter in Hai Phong has not been studied adequately and the overview of
the value of urban and architecture, as well as no conservation zone has
drawn, as well as identify solutions to oriente architectural heritage
conservation of this urban quarter
1.2 Overview of the process of formation and development of the
French Quarter in Vietnam and Haiphong
French architecture appeared in Vietnam in the early nineteenth
century when the city of Hue and Hanoi was built by Vauban style After
capturing the Gia Dinh (1859), the French were planning Saigon according
to a European model During colonial times, Saigon is the central
administrative, economic, cultural and educational importance of the
Indochina region, was dubbed the Pearl of the East In Hanoi, French
made concessions along the Red River (1875) and then gradually
expanding westward into the French Quarter with the architectural style
and impressive diversity In addition, the French Quarter was built in Hue,
Hai Phong and some other resort towns (Dalat, Sapa, Tam Dao, )
In Hai Phong, after the Giap Tuan Peace Agreement (1874), the
French established 2 ha concession in the southern bank of the river Cam,
in 1875 this area expanded to 7 hectares, harbor construction, troops station, consular offices, clinics, churches, and at the same time, the indigenous population areas are also formed along the Tam Bacriver - that's where the first urbanization in Haiphong From 1885 and started doing road construction as planned, conceived and developed gradually southward street grid Overlaying maps showing the development process
of urban expansion Hai Phong: in 1885 Bonnan channels were dug to isolate West neighborhood, and in 1900 it has no longer protective role becomes more of urban space landscape (Opera House), to fill the strip in
1925, the garden was "center"; southern boundary is expanded to first grade after street block strip gardens, to surpass Hanoi - Hai Phongrailway and in 1935 it is not clear anymore In this process, the original urban nucleus continues to be built more buildings and streets, cells were filled andbecome region today known as the French Quarter, under the Hong Bang district
1.3 The current status of urban neighborhoods France Hai Phong
French Quarter in Hai Phong was special shaped by natural boundaries and artificial water In 1885, the French Bonnan canal linking the River Cam and River Tam Bac, created for urban areas an initially ax shaped Most canals have been filled (1925), but now the French Quarter remained almost intact form under the French plan to follow the grid roadsystem, distinct functional areas, buildings has French architectural style
Through the survey, site analyzis, Hai Phong‘s French Quarter is divided into 5 regions with characteristic morphological differences quite clearly, urban activities and urban cultural landscape in each area also has unique features:
- The South river Cam (region 1)
- The central area, including street grid along the axis Dien Bien (region 2a) and axial Hoang Van Thu - Dinh Tien Hoang (region 2b)
- The old city native (region 3)
- Strip centergarden and the axial cell (region 4)
1.4 Current status of the French Quarter architecture Hai Phong
French Quarter in Hai Phong has a system of French colonial architecture which is rich and diverse in type and style The urban public facilities as fully as in Hanoi or Saigon, only slightly inferior in size and level of sophistication in interior decoration The building houses mostly villas (in the French Quarter and a few clusters outside) and townhouses
Trang 6(in the neighborhood of the native Vietnamese, Chinese) The industrial,
port has significant value in architecture at the time before, but now most
have been relocated or destroyed
There are 03 of the French colonial architecture has been recognized
as a city-level relics, including the Opera House, Post Office and Ga Hai
Phong
1.5 The research work related to the thesis
French Quarter Haiphong potential urban architectural heritage is
huge but not management, conservation and promotion of the right to
value There are a number of research projects in the country for urban
architectural heritage French colonial period, but only concentrating in
Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, in addition to the Hue, Da Lat Some topics by
Architectural Research Institute (Ministry of Construction)
implementation refers to the architectural heritage of the French colonial
period in Haiphong, but only at the level of research typical public works
The master thesis on architecture Haiphong separate survey only a few
types of limited range, not integrated into the system at the municipal
level Only a doctoral thesis (research on the history and development of
public space in Hai Phong - Nguyen Thanh Binh author, Deakin
University, Australia) refers to the process of urban development Hai
rooms generally, but not going into the French Quarter on conservation
issues - promoting heritage values
Until now, no comprehensive studies on:
- Features and overall value of urban architecture of the French
Quarter in Hai Phong
- Establishment of urban heritage fund, fund and distribute
architectural heritage conservation area
- To preserve and promote the heritage value of urban architecture
French Quarter Haiphong
- Management of Urban Development in the French Quarter of Hai
Phong
1.6 The tackled issues in the thesis
- Develop appropriate tools to analyze and assess the characteristics
and value of the French Quarter to more accurately determine the
conservation potential of urban structures, buildings, landscapes and group
activities special heritage this feud
- Conservation of Architectural Heritage Urban Hai Phong French
Quarter, including the contents: evaluation of potential heritage
conservation zoning, heritage funds established urban and architectural heritage fund, the proposed regulations towards conservation
- Manage and promote the heritage value of urban architecture in the French Quarter of economic development - social, cultural tourism, urban development continuity of Haiphong
Chapter 2: Scientific basis for conserving and promoting the architectural - urban heritage value of French Quarter in Haiphong
2.1 Methodology and Research Methods
With the field of interdisciplinary research, thesis using system approach to coordinate different research methods:
- The method of collection, retrospective surveys, sociological surveys to collect, verify the information professional
- The method compares and contrasts to identify trends in theory, detect changes of urban architectural heritage Haiphong
- Statistical methods for classification and systematization of data architecture, urban and heritage of the French Quarter in Hai Phong
- Map overlay method for analyzing urban form, identify the process
of formation and development of Hai Phong Urban
Information from the research component is further processed by thinking analysis and synthesis to build up the results and recommendations of the thesis Finally, the experimental method to test the applicability of the results
2.2 The legal basis for the conservation of urban heritage architecture
in the world and in Vietnam
The thesis discussed and analyzed the content related to the conservation of urban heritage in the Athens Charter (1931), Venice (1964), Burra (1979), Washington (1987), the Nara Document (1994), Hoi
An Protocol (2003) and the Hanoi Declaration (2009)
In Vietnam, the Law on Cultural Heritage was adopted in 2001 and amended in 2009, but some are not specific regulations or practices inconsistent with the application should have certain shortcomings, yet adjustable problems arise Besides the Cultural Heritage Act, there are other legal texts concerned In general, the law and the most text focuses
on the protection and restoration of monuments rather than heritage conservation The rules specify the behavior heritage (especially urban heritage) and the provisions of community participation in conservation is not interested, not shown awareness of the expanding scope conservation
Trang 7The thesis also learn urban development program in 2020 and the
National Development Orientation architecture Vietnam in 2020 to gather
more scientific basis for research and propose solutions
2.3 Theoretical basis for the conservation of architectural - urban
heritage
Based on the methodology of urban conservation by scholars of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, USA) built in the research
process lasted nearly 30 years and is Nahoum Cohen summarized in the
book "Urban Conservation" To apply effectively in Vietnam, thesis
modified prospective method heritage assessment appropriate to use
Vietnam to Hai Phong French Quarter
To appreciate the potential of urban architectural heritage in the
urban history of Vietnam and orientation appropriate conservation
measures, need to follow these steps:
Identify the scope and object of conservation:conservation area
should be urban center history overlay developed over many periods, the
integration of intangible value (dating) and tangible (materials, relics left)
Figure 2.1: Research methods used in the thesis - source: author
Thus, there is usually a soft metabolic patterns between urban areas, a
sense of place mainly through cultural element - the spirit
Objects can be conserved is: the variety genre and style of the architectural characteristics of street architecture, the landscape features; street network structure; urban general appearance; metabolism and to morphological variations between urban areas, the activities of community life
+ Original data analysis to identify the components to be conserved: the current state of the data base is urban The French Quarter
recent dating back to the status quo generally stable, reserved architectural relatively clear, records are relatively complete archive These are favorable factors for Conservation Research French Quarter Haiphong maintained relatively intact because most office buildings are under the
management and ownership of the state
+ Identify the structural components to be conserved: the urban area
is often relatively clear identification Since feudal times, the "capital" and the "market" has been established and separated by trenches By the early modern period, the French Quarter is generally formed in relatively isolated locations with native neighborhood The structural components of the French Quarter Haiphong relatively isolated evidently been planned from the beginning by thinking and planning of urban development and
the West has not been excessive urbanization in the open era
+ Rating heritage conservation potential of urban architecture:
should be conducted according to the macro level to the micro - from urban master, the structural components, the location / specific metropolitan areas, and to the work / project specific clusters Besides, to compare between the different regions to determine the scope and value
focus has its own characteristics
+ Adjust construction methods and criteria for evaluating system
potential urban heritage architecture suitable for Hai Phong French Quarter:
Trang 8Figure 2.2: Developing method of evaluating heritage potential of Hai
Phong French quarter - source: author
Figure 2.3: Objectives of identifying conservationpotential of
architectural- urban heritage - source: author
The purpose of the assessment methodology is potential heritage quantify an abstract concept to the point and by comparison of results between areas, the street grid, the specific locations to identify subjects research and conservation subdivisions From 5 criteria proposed by Cohen with wide variability values (0-20%), the thesis has distributed more detailed filtering, building the new criteria include 4 x 5 criteria group embraces the elements associated relating to heritage With 5 points for the first criterion, the qualitative assessment should be less errors, the survey will be easier to ensure certain criteria are not too biased / underdog The results obtained (compared with a total maximum score is 100) quantitative, accurately indicates the relative potential heritage Table 2.1: Evaluating system to critic conservation potential of French
quarter’s urban structure in Hai Phong - source: author
METHOD
OF GRADING
MAIN GROUP OF CRITERIAS
Criteria grading
In
comparision
with other places
Architectural heritages
25đ 1 Architectural heritage system 5đ Maximum
score of each criteriais 5đ, equivalent to levels: -None: 0đ -Less few: 1đ -Few:2đ -Medium: 3đ -Good: 4đ -Excelent: 5đ
If the total score reach from 60đ and above, means location/area has conservation potential
3 The coherence of urban form in
9 Building form / space relationship 5đ
10 Relationship to surrounding environment
5đ Urban
landscape
19 Aesthetical environment 5đ
Trang 9Table 2.2: Criteria system to evaluate conservation potential of important
buildings in French Quarter in Hai Phong - source: author
METHOD
OF
GRADING
MAIN GROUP OF
CRITERIAS CRITERIAS AND MAXIMUM SCORE (high: 3đ, medium: 2đ, low: 1đ)
Point given
accounding
to criteria
Compare
to similar
buildings
Historical
characteristic
3.Relation to event/ historical famous man 3đ
Aesthetic and
style
8.Cohereness 3đ Function and
uses
Technique
and material 14đ 13.Unique building technique 14.Original material 3đ 3đ
The thesis has conducted urban partition (zone 5), follow the street
grid cells divide to evaluate the potential of architectural heritage and
urban The results of the evaluation of potential heritage city each cell /
component architecture / urban areas particular, the structures will be
important to determine the basis of conservation potential and build
solutions conservation
2.4 Base on the characteristics and values of urban architecture of the
French Quarter in Hai Phong
Hai Phong bearing nature of a coastal urban centers, four side
surfaces are three rivers: the Lach Tray river, Cam river, Tam Bac river,
Ha Li river, Thuong Ly river, Lap river (Tam Bac Lake), Cam River
plays an important role in shaping the industrial city - Hai Phong port
River water is sourced create urban Haiphong
Different from the traditional urban Vietnam (usually urban
administrative, commercial or mixed commercial administrative + - from
which urban concept), Hai Phong development process very own special
way special: the all-new urban form in modern times, not associated with
defensive ramparts, not based on a settlements basis, not on a long trade
routes, nor development from village on the street - which was built from scratch on vacant land
In certain similarities with Hanoi, Hue, Saigon, Hai Phong French Quarter formed from river concessions but more compact and does not create a conflict against an indigenous neighborhood In other cities, far from the old town French Quarter before, spacing by river, lake, then in Hai Phong and developing them together facing each other, the idea would create a conflict but the actual delivery applied fairly smoothly The spread of architectural forms from French Quarter neighborhood to indigenous and reverse the spread of urban form, lifestyle, commercial operations, supply chain services and agricultural products from neighborhood native to French Quarter can be seen as a special value of acculturation in urban development in French colonial Vietnam
2.5 Elements that have impacts on preserving and promoting values of architectural heritage of the French Quarter in Hai Phong
Geographical factors including natural terrain, condition and climate
of Hai Phong offered tremendous potential Hai Phong meets many advantages to grow stably in the period of globalization By utilizing economic strength of owning a long coast, Hai Phong soon became a modern city, a center of industry, service supply and tourism, serving as an important pole in the North Viet Nam Planning Haiphong to 2025, vision
2050 is identified that the French Quarter would be the center of a polycentric urban model This indicates the value of the French zone, as well as the challenge that urban planners should ponder about
In terms of perception, the French Quarter in Hai Phong is the historical center of the city, in other words, this is the key point navigating the development of Hai Phong, which is regarded as one of the 6 centers in Viet Nam, or one of the 3 poles of the Northern economic triangle The architectural characteristics and heritage of the French zone plays a crucial role within that context, having great potential to exploit and promote cultural tourism
The results of this chapter are integrated to measure potential conservation and preservation of urban heritage in the French Quarter in urban development
Trang 10Chapter 3 Proposal for preserving and promoting values of
architectural heritage remained in the French Quarter
3.1 The aims and goals
The aim of this thesis is to propose a way to preserve and promote
values embodied in architectural heritage:
- City is a living entity, which is always movable and changeable,
thus preserving and promoting architectural heritage need to be put within
that continuous development of the nature of the city On the one hand,
assimilating architectural heritage to historical remains is unacceptable; on
the other hand we should not preserve architectural remains as if we
simply restore then conserve them in museums, but rather putting
architectural heritage in the context of everyday life, ensuring the parallel
between preservation and development as two sides of a coin
- So as to preserve and promote values of the French colonial zone,
it is necessary to utilize resources of the whole society Therefore, the
participation of community is undeniable
- Exploit and promote the heritage values are the premise of
heritage preservation In order to achieve the goal, the first concern is
management The way of managing must be proactive and flexible enough
to make preservation always go along with development
- To preserve and promote values of the French zone is not only
important to create urban identity, but also vital to develop tourism
Combining political system with marine tourism, eco-tourism is the base
to develop cultural and heritage tourism one day
+ The targets include:
- Such evaluation on the potential heritage of the French zone
provides a base to determine the position of Haiphong in the current
system of preservation of French colonial buildings in Vietnam
- Establishing fund for architectural heritage and determining
boundary of preserved areas will figure out the way of preservation,
rehabilitation as well as redevelopment
- Propose solutions to exploit and promote values of the French
quarter together with the development of Hai Phong Optimize the current
management of urban development in the procedure of urbanization
3.2 Result of evaluating the potential of preservation, determine
boundary of preserved areas, and establish architectural heritage
remained in Hai Phong’s French zone
- Preliminary evaluation following 5 areas: (1-2A-2B-3-4)
- Assess important urban blocks, important locations, major axis/routes
- Determine heritage buildings and evaluate each of them
By assessing urban structure, urban landscape, and urban activities
in the French zone, it is clear to state that this area gains high preservation potential (score: 72/100d)
Table 3.1: Summary of assessment on potential preservation of important
buildings – source: author
BUILDINGS
BUILDINGS
POTIENTIAL
5 Department of Transportation 30 Hong Bang hotel
6 Dept.of Planning and Investment
31 Ben Binh hostel
7 Dept of Culture, Sports and Tourism
32 Ngo Quyen school
8 Dept of Labor, Invalids and
9 Dept of Education &Training 34 Dinh Tien Hoang school
10 Department of Construction 35 Nguyen Tri Phuong school
12 Related to Hai Phong city hall 37 VCCI branch
13 Headquarter of labor union 38 Mechanical Duyen Hai Co
14 The supreme people’s procuracy
39 Northern transport company
Hình 3.1: map of organizing urban blocks due to preservation potential – source: author
