Public 6 The systematic distribution of a limited quantity resources over various time periods Allocation 7 To provide the money needed for something to happen.. Assume v 22 Capable o
Trang 1Unit 1, 3, 9
1 To do or complete something To carry out <v>
3 The amount of money you have available to spend Budget <n>
4 Firmly fixed or not likely to move or change Stable <adj>
5 Government or all ordinary people Public <adj or n>
6 The systematic distribution of a limited quantity resources
over various time periods
Allocation <n>
7 To provide the money needed for something to happen To finance <v>
8 To carry out, to put a plan or system into operation To implement <v>
9 Limiting the freedom of someone or preventing something
from growing
Restrictive <adj>
10 A useful or valuable quality, skill or person Asset <n>
11 To persuade someone to do something To induce <v>
12 Property in the form of land or buildings Real – estate <n>
15 Someone who takes part in an activity Participant (n)
17 Act in such a way as to have an effect on each other Interact (v)
18 A person or organization that uses goods or service Consumer (n)
19 Advantage; additional benefits that consumers receive when
purchasing
Well-being (n)
20 Materials, resourcefulness; available things in nature can use
it when we need
Resources (n)
21 To suppose; give opinions for people to consider Assume (v)
22 Capable of being exchanged for another or for something
else that is equivalent
Substitutable (adj)
23 Change from one form into another to transform (v)
24 An organization created for business ventures Business firm (n)
25 The temporary provision of money (usually at interest) loan (n)
26 A method or a system for achieving something mechanism (n)
27 A person who is taking part in an activity or event participant (n)
28 To bring back a situation or feeling that existed before restore (v)
29 a group of three related people or things triad (n)
31 To make various different things work effectively as a whole Coordinate(v)
32 A group of people, often a family who live together Household(n)
34 To make various different things work effectively as a whole Coordinate(v)
35 Occurring at a convenient or suitable time Favorable (adj)
37 Estimated by comparison, not absolute or complete Relative (adj)
38 Balance, equality of distribution Equilibrium (n)
UNIT 10: GDP/GNP
Abundance (n)
When there is more than enough of something/ A large quantity that is more than enough
There was an abundance of wine at the
wedding
Concentrate (v)
To direct your attention or your efforts towards a particular activity, subject or problem
I can't concentrate on my work with all
that noise
Foodstuff (n) Any substance that is used as food or
to make food
They lack basic foodstuffs, such as bread
and milk.
Trang 2Insurance (n)
An agreement in which you pay company money and they pay your costs if you have an accident, injury, etc life/health/car/travel insurance
The insurance doesn't cover you for (=
include) household items
Net (adj) Left when there is nothing else to besubtracted I earn £15 000 gross, but my net income (= income that is left after tax has been
paid) is about £12 000
Resident (n) A person who lives or has their homein a place The hotel bar was only open to residents Express (v) To show a feeling, opinion or fact I would like to express my thanks for your kindness Survive (v) To continue to live or exist Of six people injured in the crash, only two
survived.
Raw material (n) A base material that is used to make
the product
These trees provide the raw material for
high-quality paper.
Coal (n) A hard black mineral that is found
bellow the ground and burned to produce heat
I put more coal on the fire.
Steel (n) A strong, hard metal that is made of a
mixture of iron and carbon
The bridge is reinforced with huge steel
girders.
Measure (v) To find the size, quantity, etc of
something in standard units
A ship’s speed is measured in knots.
as: tables, chairs, doors,…
Course (n) A period,a part of time I only go to school a course of day.
UNIT 13/ 14: DEMAND/ SUPPLY Willingness (n) Cheerful compliance he expressed his willingness to help
State(v) The existing condition or position of a person
or thing express
I state to you that the accused is guilty
Statement (n) The act or an instance of stating or being stated
expression in words
it was a strong statement that his hypothesis was true
Imply (v) Strongly suggest or insinuate without directly
stating
The manager imply that his speech
is not very good.
nextweekend.
become a president
Afford (v) Can or able to do sth If the apartment discount fifty
pecent, i afford to buy it.
Doubt (n or v) Uncertainly, undecided state of mind He doubt at I am not telling the
truth.
Desire (n or v) Expression a wish I desire to speak english well.
Make sense (v) Be intelligible or practicable Her explain makes sense so she
were chosen
Supply (v) To provide something that is wanted or needed,
often in large quantities and over a long period
of time
Electrical power is supplied by underground cables
Existence (n) When something or someone exists Many people question the existence
of God
Percentage (n) An amount of something, often expressed as a What percentage of women return
Trang 3number out of 100 to work after having a baby?
Extract (v) A substance taken from a plant, flower, etc and
used especially in food or medicine They used to extract iron ore from this site
Parallel (v) To happen at the same time as something else,
or be similar or equal to something else
The events of the last ten days in some ways parallel those before the
1978 election
Reflect (v) To show, express or be a sign of something The statistics reflect a change in
people's spending habits
Equal (adj) The same in amount, number or size, or the
same in importance and deserving the same treatment
All people are equal, deserving the same rights as each other
Ordinary (adj) Not different or special or unexpected in any
way; usual Her last concert appearance in Britain was no ordinary
performance.
Speech (n) The ability to talk, the activity of talking, or a
piece of spoken language Children usually develop speech in the second year of life
thus to cut costs
Offer (v) Ask someone if they would like to have
something or if they would like you to do something
"Would you sell me that painting?"
"What are you offering for it?"
Concept (n) A principle or idea The very concept of free speech is
unknown to them
Behavior (n) Someone's behavior is how they behave He was notorious for his violent
and threatening behaviour
UNIT 17: TRADE SURPLUSES & DEFICITS
Keep track of
(v)
Keep (or fail to keep) fully aware of or informed about
She had keep all track of time and had fallen asleep
Inflow (n) The movement of a large number of people or
things or a large amount of money into a place
-Enormous inflows of foreign investment
- the inflow of migrant workers
Outflow (n) A large amount of money, liquid, or people that
moves or its transferred out of a place -an outflow of foreign currency -capital outflow took place on a
very large scale
Bottom line (n) The final total of an account or balance sheet The rise in turnover failed to add to
the company’ bottom line
Merchandise
(n) Goods to be bought and sold Shops which offered an astonishing range of merchandise
Load (v) Fill (a vehicle, ship, container, etc.) with a large
amount of something They go to Calais to load up their vans with cheap beer
Cross (v) Go or extend across or to the other side of (an
area, stretch of water, etc)
She has crossed the Atlantic twice
Unprofitable
(adj)
(Of a business or activity) not yielding profit or financial gain
The mines became increasingly unprofitable
Capital (n) Money used to start a business, buy a house, etc The failed project has left us
without working capital
fixed assets.
Tangible (adj) Perceptible by touch Ex Housing is a type of tangible
fixed assets.
Invisible (adj) Not visible to the eye Ex Invisible ties
Transfer (v) Make over the possession of something to Ex Shareholders of a company
Trang 4person may transfer to another.
Current
account (n) Instantly accessible bank account Ex The most business have current account.
Make up (v) Composition of a thing Ex Trade deficits and surpluses
are balanced by payments that make up the difference.
2000USD.
business is bottom line.
UNIT 18: EXCHANGE RATES Commodity(N) Articles of commerce, similar to goods or trade goods Like other commodities, currencies have a certain value Update (V) -Bring up to date; supply with recent information She always updates new trends in fashion field in over the world
Decline (V) Go down in value Currently, the price of rice is declining gradually
Expect (V) Look forward somebody or something They are expecting another child in January
Investor (N) Someone who commits capital in order to gain
financial returns
Investors always want to earn
much money as much as possible
Event (N) Something that happens at a given place and time
She takes part in many important
event in the music field
Chaos (N) -A state of extreme confusion and disorder
During periods of economic chaos,
traders and investors try to buy hard currencies which is expected
to keeps it value in time of trouble
Constantly
(adv) Always, unfailingly, at any time, all the time Our leaders constantly bear in mind the welfare of our nation
and poor is huge
Decline (V) Become smaller , weaker or less important The rate of inflation rise so that the
value of currency declines.
Unit 22
Eg Force
/ fɔs /
to make somebody do something that they do not want to do
Eg:
Competition is a force for change in industry
Bắt buộc
Raise
/ reɪz /
to lift or move sth to a higher level
Threatening
to raise prices Tăng lên
Energy
/ enədʒi /
The ability to put effort and enthusiasm into an activity, work,…
He never seems
crisis
/ kraɪsɪs /
A time of great danger, difficulty The Third World debt
crisis
Khủng hoảng
booming
/ buming / a sudden increase in trade and economic activity a booming in house prices Bùng nổ
Compete to try to be more successful or Several companies are Cạnh tranh với
Trang 5with
/ kəmpit wɪð
better than sb else Competing for the
contract Bid up
/ bɪd ʌp/
To offer to pay a particular price for sth She bid up $10 000 for the painting.
Tăng giá
Lead to
/ lid /
To go with or in front of a person to show the way
Let me lead the way Dẫn đến
runaway
/ rʌnəweɪ /
Not under the control of its owner and not able to be controlled runaway inflation Vượt xa
Move up
/ mu:v ʌp /
To change position or make sb/sth change position
Move your chairs
Predictable
/ prɪdɪktəbl /
You know in advance that it will happen
The results were utterly predictable
Có thể dự đoán
Another Answer to the Inflation Question.
double-digit (adj)
/ˌdʌb.l̩ˈdɪdʒɪt/
Used to describe a number that is not less than 10 and not more than 99
Double-digit inflation continues to affect the country
Hai con số
Response (n)
/rɪˈspɒns/
an answer or reaction Responses to our
advertisement have been disappointing.
câu trả lời, phản ứng
Austerity (n)
/ɔːˈster.ɪ.ti/
a situation when people do not have much money to spend because there are bad economic conditions
ex: austerity measures and economic reforms thắt lưng buộc bụng
Surge
/ sɜdʒ /
( of prices, profits, etc ) to suddenly increase in value Share prices surged. Tăng mạnh Circulation
/ sɜkjəleɪʃn /
the movement of blood around the body circulation of commodities(hh) Sự lưu thông Regarding (prep)
/rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/
concerning somebody/something; about somebody/something
liên quan đến về
Temporary (adj)
/ˈtem.pər.ər.i/
be used only for a short time; not permanent
I'm looking for some temporary work
tạm thời
Sharply (adj)
/ˈʃɑːrpli/
quickly and suddenly Inflation has
risen/fallen sharply
nhanh chóng
Absorb (v)
/əbˈzɔːb/
to take something in, especially gradually
Our countryside is increasingly being absorbed by/into the large cities.
Thu hút
Influx (n)
/ˈɪnflʌks/
Afterwards
The fact of a lot of people, money or things arriving somewhere
Sự chảy đến, xô đến
Desirable (adj) Worth having or doing The house has many Thèm muốn,
Trang 6/dɪˈzaɪərəbl/ desirable featur khao khát Extent (n)
/ɪkˈstent/
how large, important, serious It is difficult to assess the full extent of the
damage.
khoảng rộng, khu vực
Austerity
/ ɒsterəti /
a situation when people do not have much money to spend because there are bad economic conditions
Austerity policy Chính sách cắt giảm
Chặt chẽ
Proportionately
/ prəpɔʃənət /
increasing or decreasing in size, amount or degree according to changes in sth else
Increasing costs resulted in proportionate increases
in prices.
Tương ứng
Stabilize
/ steɪbəlaɪz /
steady and unlikely to change; to make sth stable
government measures
to stabilize prices
ổn định
Expert
/ ekspɜt /
a person with special knowledge, skill or training
in sth
a computer/medical expert
Nhà chuyên môn, chuyên gia
Maintain
/ meɪnteɪn /
sth to make sth continue at the same level, standard, etc.
The two countries have always maintained close relations.
Duy trì
Outstanding
/ aʊtstændɪŋ /
not yet paid, done, solved, etc
We decided to leave the debt outstanding.
Chưa được chi trả
Accomplish
/ əkʌmplɪʃ /
to succeed in doing or completing sth
I don't feel I've accomplished very much today.
Hoàn thành
Agricultural
/ æɡrɪkʌltʃə(r) /
nghiệp Disease
/ dɪziz /
something that is very wrong with people's attitudes, way of life or with society
Greed is a disease of modern society (tham lam)
Bệnh
company(cty cỡ vừa bặc trung)
Trung bình
Skywards
/ skaɪwədz /
towards the sky; up into the sky
Hướng lên bầu trời
Bureaucratic
/ bjʊərəkrætɪk /
t/c quan liêu