on tap anh 8

Usage : + Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn kéo dài đến hiện tại.. for ten years + Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra, kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại.. + Diễn tả hành động đ

1 Thì hiện tại hoàn thành : Present perfect tense.

a Usage :

+ Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn kéo dài đến hiện tại Đi với từ : since và for

Eg : They have lived here since 1999 ( for ten years)

+ Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra, kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại Đi với từ : just

Eg: Mai has just had breakfast.

+ Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không rõ thời gian Đi với các

từ : “ recently, lately, already, before, ever, never, so far, until now, yet, not yet,

up to now”

Eg: I have already done my homework.

b Form:

(+)S ( I, you, we , they) + have + V(p 2 ) + O

( She, He, it) + has

(-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + VPII + O.

? Have/ Has + S + BPII + O ? Yes, S + have/ has

No, S + haven’t/ hasn’t

Câu 2 :

a, The structure with "used to"

(+): S + used to + V (inf).

(-) : S + didn't + use to + V (inf)

(?): Did + S + use to + V (inf)?

Eg :

- I used to played soccer well.

- She didn't use to sing beautifully

b The structure with : enough

- S + be + adj + enough + N + to – V (inf)

-S + V + enough + N + to – V (inf)

Eg: I am tall enough to reach the top of the bookshelf.

- She has enough money to buy a new car

Câu 3 Reported speech : câu gián tiếp

a Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định: command

eg: He said to his students: " keep quiet."

He told his students to keep quiet.

b Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định:

eg : The boss said to his workers: " Don't come to work late."

The boss told( ordered ) his workers not to come to work late.

Form : S + told / asked/ ordered + O + (not) + to- V (inf).

c Câu yêu cầu ( request)

Eg: She said to me : " Can you help me?"

She asked me to help her.

* Form: S + asked + O + to- V (inf).

d Câu lời khuyên: ( advice)

Eg 1: They said to her : " You should study hard."

They said that she should study hard

( They advised her to study hard.)

Eg 2: I said to her : " You shouldn't go away."

I advised her not to go away

e câu khẳng định và phủ định:

Eg : She said to me : “ I am watching TV now.”

She said to me that she was watching TV then.

•Form: S + said / told + O + S + V.

F câu nghi vấn:

Eg: Marry asked her teacher : “ Do you like fish?”

-Marry asked her teacher if she( he) liked fish.

•Form: S + asked + O + if ( whether) + S + V

g Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi :

Eg: Hoa asked Nam : “ Where do you live ?”

-Hoa asked Lan where Nam lived.

* Form: S + asked / wondered/ wanted to know + Wh-+ S + V.

Câu 4 : Các dạng câu so sánh ( comparison)

a Câu so sánh ngang bằng:

S1 + be + as + adj + as + S2 Eg : She is as tall as her sister.

b Câu so sánh hơn : ( comparative)

+ Với tính từ ngắn: S1 + be + adj - er + than + S2

Eg: Hoa is shorter than Nga.

+ Với tính từ dài : S1 + be + more + adj + than + S2

Eg: She is more intelligent than her brother.

c câu so sánh bậc nhất : ( superlative)

+ Với tính từ ngắn : S + be + the + adj - est + N

Eg: He is the tallest student in my class.

+ Với tính từ dài: S + be + the most + adj + N

Eg: She is the most beautiful girl in her class.

•Chú ý :

a tính từ ngắn/ dài:

•Tính từ ngắn là những tính từ có một âm tiết và tính

từ có 2 âm tiết nhưng phải kết thúc b»ng “ y”

•Tình từ dài là những tính từ có 2 âm tiết trở lên và

không kết thúc = “y”

b Một số tính từ bất quy tắc:

many/ much more the most

further

the farthest the furthest

c Câu so sánh với : the same as và different from

- S1 + be + the same (N) + as + S2

-S1 + be + different + from + S2.

Eg :

- Lan is the same age as me.

-That ruler is the same as this ruler.

- Lipton tea is different from Dilmah tea.

e May : có lẽ, có thể

- "May" được dùng để diễn tả sự cho phép:

Eg: May I go out ? ( May I use your computer?)

- " May" được dùng để diễn tả ý đề nghị giúp đỡ người khác làm

gì đó.

Eg: May I help you?

May I carry your bag?

-“May” dùng để nói điều gì đó có thể xảy và không chắc chắn -Eg: I may go to Ha Noi tomorrow.

f can / could: có thể

-" can/ could được dùng để chỉ khả năng ( năng lực ) của ai đó.

- "Could" là dạng quá khứ của "can".

Eg: I can swim now ( I could swim well when I was a young

boy.)

- Can/ could còn được dùng để đề nghị ai đó giúp minh làm việc

gì đó.

Eg: Can/ Could you help me, please?

Could you do me a favor?

Câu 6 Gerund ( danh động từ)

a Cách thành lập:

- thêm hậu tố "ing" vào sau động từ:

Eg: go - going

b Cách dùng :

a Dùng làm chủ ngữ:

Eg : - Going to the cinema is fun.

- Behaving like that is not good.

- Thinking carefully helps us do things well.

b Danh động từ dùng làm tân ngữ:

Eg:

- He likes swimming.

- He started smoking two years ago.

* ta dùng danh động từ sau những động từ sau đây:

S + finish/ prevent/ avoid/ delay/ enjoy/ like/ dislike/ hate/ deny/ + V(ing)

c.Danh động từ đi sau giới từ :

Eg:

- I am thinking about going camping in the mountain.

- She is afraid of going there.

* Ghi nhớ một số giới từ đi theo các tính từ sau:

- to look forward to

- to insist on

- to be surprised at

- to be interested in

- to be busy with

- to be delighted at

- to be excited about

- to be afraid of

Câu 7: Giới từ chỉ thời gian, trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, trạng từ chỉ thể cách.

a.Preposition of time: at, on, in

* at + giờ, thời gian ngắn, buổi lễ

Eg : at 3.00 , at noon, at midnight, at breakfast,

at sunrise/ at dawn : lúc bình minh ,

at sunset/ dusk : lúc hoàng hôn , at Christmas.

* on: ngày trong tuần, ngày trong tháng

- on Monday, on 2nd, on 2nd of June,

* in + tháng, năm, mùa

-Eg : in November, in 2009, in summer.

* Between : dùng giữa 2 khoảng thời gian

Eg: between 5.00 and 6.00

•after/ before: dùng với thời gian và giờ

Eg: She will come back home after 7.00

c, Adverbs of manner : trạng từ chỉ thể cách

a Cách dùng : Dùng để bổ nghĩa cho động từ Thường đứng sau động từ thường.

b Cách thành lập:

Adjective + ly = Adverbs

- Eg : bad + ly = badly

* Một số trạng từ bất quy tắc:

b Các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn:

upstairs, downstairs, here, there, outside, inside

Câu 8

a Asking for favor : Đề nghị ai đó giúp mình :

- Can/ Could you help me, please ?

- Could you do me a favor?

- I need a favor.

- Can/ Could you + V(inf) ?

* Respond;

- Certainly / of course/ Sure

- No problem

- what can I do for you?

- How can I help you?

- I'm sorry I can't.

- I'm sorry I am really busy.

b Offering assistance : Đề nghị giúp đỡ người khác

- May I help you?

- Do you need any help?

- Let me help you.

* Respond:

- Yes/ No thank you

- Yes That's very kind of you.

- No Thank you I'm fine.

1 My brother is 20 He is (young/ old/ small/ big) enough to go to work

2 Did Lan use to (staying/ stays/ stayed/ stay) at home to watch

TV ?

3 My mother had to (did/ doing/ do/ does) everything because we didn’t have modern equipment

4 We have English lessons (in/ on/ at/ between) Monday,

Thursday and Friday

5 Your teacher said you should (spending/ spend/ spent/ to

spend) more time on learning English

6 They said Thu danced (beautiful/ beautify/ beautifully)

Verb/ infinitive Past Past participle be

see

go

write

run

leave

speak

buy

do

teach

make

take

1 I (work) with him since 1970.

2 She (study) English for 3 years now

3 I (not see) you for ages

4 They (live) there for the whole life

5 You (meet) him since we said goodbye?

6 Where you (be) since 1999

7 How long you (learn) French ?

8 We (not get) in touch with him for years

have worked

has studied haven’t seen have lived

Have you met

have you been

have you learnt haven’t got

Write the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

a The boys like (play) …… games but they hate (do)

……… lessons.

b His doctor advised him ( give up ) ……… ( smoke).

c (Learn) ………… English is difficult but interesting.

d There ( be )………… many volunteers in Sea Games 22nd in Viet Nam in 2003.

e How long you ( know)………… Mrs Chi? I ( know)

……… her for five years.

f She already (visit) Ha Long Bay Next month she ( travel) to Nha Trang.

g What you ( do)………… at present? _ I

( write) a letter to my friend.

h Phuong ( not finish) ………… her homework, yet.

i We ( not see)………… her since we ( be)…… on

holiday in Ho Chi Minh.

j You ever (be) to London? – Yes, I (go) there three years ago.

playing doing

to give up

Learning

were

have you known have known

has already visited will travel

are you doing

am writing

hasn’t finished

Have you ever been went

Supply the correct form of the words given

1 The natural of Ha Long attracts millions of tourists

(beautiful)

2 A fairy appeared and changed her rags into new

clothes (magic)

3 A shopping mall is a place (convenience)

4 You must be when you cross the street (care)

5 Have you got her To her party ? (invite)

6 Fishing is an my father enjoys best (act)

7 We are lucky to have a good (educate)

8 I’ll make for the class meeting (arrange)

9 Put all objects out of children’s reach (danger)

beauty

magically

convenient careful

invitation activity

education arrangement

dangerous assistant

I have just (1) a letter from my friend, Dave He’s in Australia He has been there (2) six months He’s an engineer He’s (3) for a big farm and he has visited a great (4) of different places in Australia He has just bought (5) Australian car and he has (6)

to Alice Spring, a small town to the center of Australia He

(7) soon visit Darwin From (8) , he’ll fly to Perth

My brother has (9) been abroad before, so he

(10) this trip very exciting

received

for working

number

never finds