The man/who is standing at the door / is my teacher.. X is the barber whose shop is opposite my house.. Thay cho v t: + Làm ch ng which, that Ex: The pencil which is lying on the desk
Trang 1A VAI TRÒ C A I T QUAN H
Ex: a The man/who is standing at the door / is my teacher
b My son is the boy/ whom you see at the desk
+ Câu (a) có hai m nh đ :
- The man is my teacher
- who is standing at the door
Theo nguyên t c chung, m i t trong câu ch có th gi m t ch c n ng “The man” đã làm ch ng cho
đ ng t “is” m nh đ chính thì không th làm ch ng cho đ ng t “is” m nh đ chính thì không th
làm ch ng cho đ ng t “is standing” m nh đ ph n a Ph i ếùng đ i t quan h “who” đ thay th
cho “thỀ man” ệàm ch ng cho “is stanếing”
Xét t hai thí d trên, ta th y nh ng m nh đ ph b t đ u b ng đ i t quan h có tính ch t nh nh ng tính
ng b ngh a (xác đ nh, làm rõ…) cho danh t (ho c đ i t ) đ ng tr c nó ó là lo i m nh đ tính ng
Ch ng (subject)
Tân ng (Object)
S h u (possessive)
Thay cho ng i Who
That
Whom
whose
a Thay cho ng i
+ Làm ch ng : (who, that)
Ex: That boy who sits next to me is very clever
(that)
I don’t like the men who don’t speak the truth
(that)
Chú ý: Ng i ta th ng dùng “who” h n “that” (xem thêm d i, m c 3 trong nh ng tr ng h p dùng
“that”)
+ Làm tân ng : (whom, that)
Ex: The doctor whom she visited is my brother
(that)
(TÀI LI U BÀI GI NG) Giáo viên: V MAI PH NG
ây là tài li u tóm l c các ki n th c đi kèm v i bài gi ng M nh đ quan h và cách k t h p câu có cùng ch
ng thu c khóa h c LT H KIT-1: Môn Ti ng Anh (Cô V Mai Ph ng) t i website Hocmai.vn, đ có th n m
v ng ki n th c liên quan đ n M nh đ quan h và cách k t h p câu có cùng ch ng , B n c n k t h p xem tài
li u cùng v i bài gi ng này
Trang 2The man whom you are speaking to is my teacher
(that)
Chú ý : Ng i ta có th dùng Whom hay that Nh ng trong v n nói, ng i ta c ng dùng Who
Ex: The man who you are speaking to is my teacher
ẩg i ta c ng có th n đ i t quan h
Ex: The doctor she visited is my brother
The man you are speaking to is my teacher
(xem m c “Khi nào có th n đ c đ i t quan h xác đ nh”)
+ Ch s h u: (whose)
Ex: Mr X is the barber whose shop is opposite my house
b Thay cho v t:
+ Làm ch ng (which, that)
Ex: The pencil which is lying on the desk is mine
(that)
You can see the plane which is flying over our head
(that)
Chú ý: Ng i ta th ng dùng which h n that (xem thêm m c “Nh ng tr ng h p ch dùng that”)
+ Làm tân ng (which, that)
The flowers which I cut this morning are still fresh
(that)
The picture which you are talking about is very beautiful
(that)
Chú ý: Ng i ta th ng dùng which h n that (xem thêm m c “Nh ng tr ng h p ch dùng that”) ho c
ng i ta có th n đ c:
Ex: The flowers I cut this morning are still fresh
The picture you are talking about is very beautiful
i t quan h xác đ nh ch ng không th n đ c Ch có th n tr ng h p nó làm tân ng
Tr ng h p tân ng tr c ti p (direct object)
Ex: The man (whom) you see at the door is my friend
(that)
The flowers (which) I cut this morning are still fresh
(that)
Nh trên đã chú thích ng i ta th ng dùng who, whom, which h n that, tuy nhiên trong m t s tr ng
h p ng i ta th ng dùng that nhi u h n nh :
- Sau m t tính t d ng so sánh tuy t đ i (superlative)
- Sau all, any, only, it is
- Khi t đ ng tr c bao g m c ng i l n v t
Ex: He is the most courageous man that ever lived
All the people (that) I have met disliked him
Any paper (that) you read will give you the same story
It is the teacher that decides what you read
He is the only boy that can answer all the questions in the test
Trang 3i n vào ch tr ng b ng đ i t quan h xác đ nh thích h p
1 A child… lives at school is a boarder
2 The magazine… you lent me yesterday is very interesting
3 The letter… I received yesterday had no stamp on it
4 What’s the name of the boy… came here yesterday?
5 The butcher… shop is opposite my house… always sells good meat
6 Do you know the man… lives opposite my house?
7 I gave him all the stamps… I had
8 Show me the picture of… you are talking about
9 Is the street… leads to your school very wide?
10 The boy… is sitting next to me is not very clever
11 Any man… listens to you is a fool
12 He is the most intelligent boy… I have ever met
13 He is a man… word you can rely on
14 He is the boy… father came to see you yesterday
n đ i t quan h xác đ nh trong tr ng h p có th đ c (n u c n có th chuy n v trí c a gi i t )
1 The concert to which we listened came from England
2 The old man who lives next door is a famous doctor
3 He is the only man that can solve this problem
4 The people whom you lived with in Hai Phong are coming to see you
5 I know the boy whom you are talking about
6 The pen which I lost was a good one
7 The boy who threw that stone will be punished
8 Where is the shop which sells picture-postcards?
9 Did you give him all the books that you had?
10 The knife which we use to cut the bread is very sharp
11 The glass out of which you are drinking hasn’t been washed
i t quan h không xác đ nh gi i thi u m t m nh đ tính ng không có nhi m v xác đ nh rõ danh t
(ho c đ i t ) mà nó h p v i Danh t đó t nó đã xác đ nh r i M nh đ tính ng này ch có giá tr thêm ý,
và đ c g i là m nh đ tính ng không xác đ nh Nh ng đ i t quan h không xác đ nh là:
Thay cho
Ghi nh :
1 Không dùng that
2 Trong b t c tr ng h p nào c ng không n đ c
3 M nh đ tính ng không xác đ nh bao gi c ng đ t gi a hai d u ph y (,)
Ex:
a) Thay cho ng i
+ Làm ch ng : Who
Marie Curie, who discovered radium, is one of the greatest women of our age
Trang 4+ Làm tân ng : Whom
My brother Nam, whom you saw yesterday, wants to speak to you
Beethoven, whom you are speaking about, was one of the world’s finest composers
(or: Beethoven, about whom you are speaking, was one of the world’s finest composer)
Chú ý: V trí c a gi i t about câu thí d th 2
+ Ch s h u: Whose
Chopin, whose works are world-famous, was born in Poland
b Thay cho v t:
+ Làm ch ng : Which
Budapest, which is on the Danube, is a beautiful city
Swimming, which is a good sport, make us strong
+ Làm tân ng : Which
Air, which we breathe, is made up of many gases
Geometry, which he knows nothing about, seems a very dull subject for him
or: Geometry, about which he knows nothing, seems a very dull subject for him
i n đ i t quan h vào các câu sau:
1 Oxford University… is one of the oldest in the world has many different colleges
2 Smoking… is a bad habit is nevertheless popular
3 “Hamlet”… you are going to see tomorrow was written by Shakespeare
4 The man… you spoke to in the street is my eldest brother
5 His book is the best… has ever been written on that subject
6 He is one of the men… I feel I can trust
7 Can you remember the man… you took it from?
8 The knife… we use to cut the pencil is very dull
9 Fear… is an evil may lead to sin
10 The science of medicine in…progress has been very rapid lately is perhaps the most important of all
science
11 Mozart… music you have just been listening to was one of the world’s finest composers
12 My uncle Nam in… I have great confidence says I will pass my examination if I work hard
13 What is the name of the girl… came here last night?
14 His stepmother… he is living with is not very kind to him
a M nh đ tính ng có th b t đ u b ng: Where, when, why (g i là phó t quan h )
+ When: in/on which
Dùng thay cho danh t ch th i gian
Ex: I remember the day when we first met (m nh đ xác đ nh)
We will put off the picnic until the next week, when the weather may be better (m nh đ không xác đ nh)
+ Where: in/at which
Dùng thay cho danh t ch n i ch n
Ex: This is the house where he lived with his parents in his childhood (m nh đ xác đ nh)
They went to Ba Dinh square, where they would attend a big meeting (m nh đ không xác đ nh)
Trang 5+ Why: for which
Dùng thay cho dành t ch nguyên nhân, lý do
Ex: I know the reason why he was so angry
The reason why he came is not very convincing
b.What c ng có tr ng h p ếùng ệàm đ i t quan h
Nó có đ c đi m là không thay cho m t danh t hay đ i t nào đ ng tr c nó, và do đó t ng đ ng v i:
- the thing that (cái mà… đi u mà…)
- the things that (nh ng cái mà… nh ng đi u mà…)
Ex: Tell me what you want to know
When she sees what you have done, she will be furious…
Giáo viên: V Th Mai Ph ng