bồi dưỡng học sinh giỏi tiếng anh lớp 8

But cry  Crying , Cut  Cutting.2 Uses : Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đang diễn ra tại thời điểm nói.. 2 Uses : Diễn tả một sự việc diễn ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ Thờng có thời gi

Ngày soạn : TENSE

Ngày giảng : Tuần 1

I Simpie present :

* Form :

*Uses : Diiễn tả một thói quen hoặc một việc xảy ra thờng xuyên ở hiện tại.

( Trong câu thờng có các từ nh Everyday, often, usually, always, … sometimes, seldom )…

- Eg : We come to schowl on time everyday.

My mother always gets up early

- Diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên; Một chân lý

- Eg : The and two are four

- Thêm “ es” khi động từ kết thúc là o, ch, sh, ss, x…

- Eg : Watch  Watches.

Wash  Washes

Go  Goes

Miss  Misses

+ Tobe - is

- am

- are

• Advs đặt trớc động từ thờng và sau động từ “Tobe”

II Present progressive tense

1) Form :

• Notes : Đối với những động từ có đuôi “e” bỏ “e” sau đó mới + “ing”

+ Động từ cá một âm tiết, kết thúc là phụ âm,trớc là một nguyên âm

 nhân đôi phụ âm “am” cuối rồi thêm “+ing”

- Eg : Write  Writing, Put  Putting

(+) S (I, we, you,they) + V

S (He,she,it) + V- es / V- s

(-) I / we + don’t + V( infi )…

He, she, it + doesn’t + V( infi) (?) Do + we / I + V ?… Does + he / she + V ?… …

(+) S + is / am / are + V- ing

(-) S + is / am / are + not + V- ing

(?) Is / Am / Are + S + V + V- ing ?…

But cry  Crying , Cut  Cutting.

2) Uses : Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc đang diễn ra tại thời điểm nói.

- Eg : We are barning E in the classroom now.

He is watching T- V at the moment

- Diễn tả một dự định, một kế hoạch sắp đợc thực hiện

- Eg : + She is going to Ha Noi tomorrow morning.

+ We are going to Dalat this summer

 Thì HTTD đi kèm với các adis : now, at present, at the moment hoặc sau động

từ “ look !” “ listen !”

- Eg : Look ! The bus is coming.

Listen ! He is speaking

-*Notes : HTTD không dùng với các động từ chỉ cảm nh : See, smell, taste, love,

feel, agree, forget, enrget, enjoy, want, haite, know…

- Eg : I don’t know him thay vì ( I am not knowing him)

I likes it very much ( not I am liking it very mich )

1) Mr Green always (go) to work by bus

2) It ( not sain ) in the dry season

3) They (have) lunch in the cafeteria now

4) My litlle sistes ( drink) milk everyday

5) The doctor sometimes (return) home late

6) He (write) a novel at present ?

7) Look ! The bus (come)

8) The earth (move) around the sun

9) Something ( smell) good in the kitchen now

10) They often (thank) me for what 8 do for them

KEYS

1, Goes 6, Is he writing

2, Dvesn’t rain 7, Is coming

3, Are having 8, Moves

4, Drinks 9, Smells

5, Returrs 10, Thank

Exercise 2 :

Use present / present progressive tense

1) We often (drink) coffee in the morning

2) On my way to home, I often (meet) many childeren who (go) to school

3) The sun (rise) in the fast and (set) in the West

4) What you (do) now ?

- We ( repair our house)

5) He often boy presents for his daughter on her birthday

6) We still (do) our work now.

7) They still (live) in a small house now

8) What you (do) at this moment ?

- I (write) a report

KEYS

1, Drink 5, Buys

2, Meet are going 6, Are still doing.…

3, Sets, rises 7, Are still living

4, “ Are you doing ? 8, Are you doing ?… …

are repairing  Am writing



-***** -Ngày soạn :

Ngày giảng : Tuần 2

1)Form :

• Tobe : Was ( I/ she/ he/ it )…

Were ( The, you, we )…

• Notes : Động từ kết thúc là “e” chỉ thêm “- ed”

Động từ kết thúc là “y” chuyển Y  i rồi mới thêm “- ed”

trớc “- Y” là một phụ âm

- Eg : Move  Moved

Arrive  Arrived

Carry  Carried

Study  Studied

But ( cry  crying ) play  played (a là nguyên âm )

Stay  Stayed

2) Uses : Diễn tả một sự việc diễn ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ ( Thờng có thời gian xác định ở quá khứ )

Yesterday, ago, last night, last week, last yesr…

- Eg : I wen’t to HN yesterday

She watched T- V last night

(+) S + V- ed + N ( V có quy tắc )

S + Vp I + N ( V bất quy tắc ) (-) S + didn’t + V ( infi )

(?) Did + S + V ( infi ? )…

IV The past progressive tense

1) Form :

2) Uses : Diễn tả một hành động diễn ra tại một thời điểm nói xác định cụ thể trong

quá khứ

- Eg : He was watching T- V at 8 pm yesterday.

Were playing football at 4pm yesterday

Diễn tả một hành động đang diễn ra thì một hành động khác xen vào trong quá khứ ( dùng với When + QK thờng )

- Eg : While I was studying, my father was watching T- V, my mother was cooking.

* Notes : Những ĐT không dùng đợc ở HTTD thì cũng không dùng đợc ở thì

QKTD

V The past perfect tense

1) Form :

2) Uses : Diễn tả một sự việc diễn ra trớc một sự việc khác hoặc trớc một thời điểm

ở quá khứ ( đi kèm với before, after, by the time/ by ).…

- Eg : + When I came to his house, he had already left.

+ After she had watched T- V, she went to bef

= She had watch T- V before she want to bed

Exercise 1 :

Dùng động từ ở thì QKT hay QKTD.

1) When he (leave) HN for HCM city ?

- He (leave) yesterday morning

2) They (start) to learn E when they (be) 10

3) She (play) the piano when we ( arrwe)

4) What you (do) at 8 o’cock yesterday ?

- Oh, I (write) a leher to my brother

5) The still (sleep) when their father (come) back

6) She (come) into the room, (open) the windows

7) It (rain) hard when they (be) on way home

8) Her mother (cook) in the kitchen while her mother (clean) the room

9) When I (come) to her house, she (work) in the gorden

10) It (be) 2 am Elisa (wake up ) She (look) It (be) snow

(+) S + was/ were + V- ing + N/ O

(-) S + was/ were + not + V- ing + N/ O

(?) Was/ were + S + V- ing + N/ O

(+) S + had + VpII/ V- ed + O

(-) S + hadn’t + VpII/ V- ed + O

(?) Had + S + VpII / V- ed + O ?

1, Did he leave 6, Came – opened

- He left 7, Was raining – were

2, Started – were 8, Was cooking – was cleaning

3, Was playing (cam) arrived 9, Came – was working.…

4, Were doing 10, Was – woke – looked – was …

- Was doing showing

5, Were skeping – came

1, Miss snow (type) 10 letter before lunch time yesterday

2, The train (stard) before we arrived at the station

3, The film already (begin) when we got the cinema

4, He said that he (see) that nan before

5, Mr Brown died after he (be) ill for a long time

6, When I (come) to kis house yesterday he (go) to the cinema with his friends.…

7, He (go) to England after he (study) English for 2 years

8, When their father (get) home from work They already (cook) the dinner

9, When Peter (arrive) at the cinema , the film already (start)

10, He (made) a report after he (read) a lot of books

KEYS

1, Had typed 6, Came – had gome

2, Had started 7, Went – had studied

3, Had already begun 8, Got – had cooked

4, Had reen 9, Arrived – had started

5, Had been 10, Made – had read

-***** -Ngày soạn : Tuần 3 + 4

Ngày giảng : VI : The present perfect tense

1) Form :

2) Uses : Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra nhng không rõ thời gian cụ thể.

( Already)

- Eg : I have already read that book.

She has already seen this film

+ Diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra ( dùng với “Just” )

- Eg : He has Just finished his homework.

They have Just arrived in HN

(+) S + have / has + V- ed / VpII + 0

(-) S + have / has + not + V- ed/ VpI + 0

(?) Have/ Has + S + V- ed/ VpII + 0 ?…

+ Diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ và kết quả còn kéo dài

đến hiện tại

- Eg : We have lived in BG town since 1989.

I have learn’t E for since years.…

He has stayed here since lart Monday

1) Form :

2) Uses : Dùng để nhấn mạnh một hành động bắt đầu từ trong quá khứ kéo dài đến

hiện tại và tiếp tục ở tơng lai

- Eg : * I have been teaching English for 5 years

( No, I’m teaching)

* She has been working here since 1999

( Now, she’s working here)

VIII : The simple future tense

1) Form :

# Notes : Shall  we, I

Will  mọi loại chủ ngữ

2) Uses : Diễn tả một hành động , một sự việc xảy ra trong tơng lai (nói chung).

- Eg : I shall go to HN tomorrow.

She will come to see you next Sunday

Dùng với mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian với When/ before/ Until

- Eg : + I will wait for you until you come.

+ You will see her when she comes back

+ “Be going to” + V- ing :

Diễn tả sự việc sắp xảy ra, một dự định, một kế hoạch sẽ đợc thực hiện trong tơng lai gần

- Eg : + He is going to buy a car next weel

+ I’m going to Halong Bay this summer

1, They Just ( decide) to buy a new house

2, “Gone with the wind” is the most interesting film we (see) recently

3, I (not see) him for many days now

4, Since when you (learn) English ?

(+) S + have/ has + been + V- ing + 0 (-) S + hasn’t / haven’t + been + V- ing + 0 (?) Have/ has + S + been + V- ing + ?…

(+) S + will/ shall + Vinfi

(-) S + won’t/ shan’t + V- infi

(?) Shall/ will + S + Vinfi ?…

- I (learn) it since I was a girl of tuvelve.

5, You ever (be) to HCM city ?

- No I (not be) there yet

6, How long you (live) in this town ?

- I (live) this town for 10 years

7, Mr Minh (live) in BG town since 1998

8, How long you (learn) English ?

- I (learn) English for 4 years

KEYS

1- Have Just deccided 5- Have ever been ? 8- Have learnt… …

2- Have seen haven’t been have learnt 3- Haven’t seen 6- Have lived ?… …

4- Have learnt have lived.…

have learnt 7- Has lived



-***** -Ngày soạn : Tuần 5

Ngày giảng : Câu bị động

I : Sơ đồ chuyển đổi câu bị động từ câu chủ động :

CĐ :

S 1 + V 1 + 0 1

S 2 + be + V- ed/ Vp II + by 0 2

* Notes :

+ Chuyển S1  by 02

Thì của V1 cùng với thì của V2 : V- ed/ VpII

II : Bảng tổng quát các loại câu bị động

1) Hiện tại thờng :

S + V/ V- ed + V- s + 0  S + is/ am/ are + V- ed/ V- pII

- Eg : Lan buys a book  A book is bought by Lan

2) Hiện tại tiếp diễn :

S + is/ am/ are + V- ing + 0  S + am/ is/ are + being + V- ed/ V- pII

- Eg : They are studying English now

 English is being studied now

3) Thì hiện tại hoàn thành :

S + has/ have + V- ed/ VpII + 0

 S + has/ have + been + V- ed/ V- pII

-Eg : My teacher has taught Math for 3 years

 Math has been taught for 3 years

4) Thì quá khứ thờng :

S + VpI / V- ed + 0  S + was/ were + VpII / V- ed

- Eg : He sang a song yesterday

 A song was sung yesterday

5) Qúa khứ tiếp diễn :

S + was / were + V- ing + 0

 S + were + being + VpII / V- ed

6) Quá khứ hoàn thành :

S + had + V- ed/ VpII + 0

 S + had + been + V- ed/ VpII

- Eg : They had finished dinner.

7) Thì tơng lai thờng :

S + will/ shall + V + 0  S + will/ shall + be + VpII / V- ed

- Eg : My teacher will plant some trees in the garden

 Some trees will be planted in the garden

8) Động từ khuyết thiếu :

S + can; could + V + 0; Should;

must be going to; might;

has to; have to;

 S + modal verb + be + V- ed/ V- pII

- Eg : Nam can sing an English song

 An English song can be sung by Nam

* Notes : Nếu câu chủ động có các phó từ chỉ nơi chốn thì đặt chúng trớc

“by” + tân ngữ bị động

Nếu câu chủ động có các phó từ chỉ thời gian thì đặt chúng ở sau “by” + tân ngữ bị động

1, The teacher explains the lessons

 The lessons are explained by the teacher

2, Mr Green is cooking the food in the kitchen

 The food is being cooked in the kitchen

3, These boys made that noise

 That noise was made by these boys

4, I can’t do these exercises quikly

 These exercises can’t be done quickly

5, She has finished the repot now

 The report has been finished now

6, They had eaten all the dinner

 All the dinner had been eaten by them

7, He shouldn’t do that silly thing

 That silly thing shouldn’t be done

8, They were reading some books

 Some books were being read by them

9, We gave him back the money

 The was given back the money

10, My parents are going to buy a ccas tomorrow

 A car is going to be bought tomorrow



-***** -Ngày soạn : Tuần 6

Ngày giảng : Câu bị động ( tiếp )

I : Cấu trúc bị động với câu truyền khiến, nhờ bảo.

1) Active : S + has/ have + Ongời + V + Ovật

 Passive : S + has/ have + Ovật + VpII/ V- ed + by + Ongời

- Eg : I had him repair my bike

 I had my bike re paired by him

2) Active : S + get + Ongời + to + Vngthể + Ovật

 Passive : S + get + O + Vp / V- ed + by + O

-Eg : I get hes to make coffee.

 I get some coffee made by her

II : Câu bị động với : see, watch, hear…

Active : S + see + 0 + Ving/ V- ing +…

 Passive : S + be +seen + to infi/ V- ing…

- Eg : They saw her come in

 She was seen to come in

III : Câu bị động với : Say, think, believe, report…

Active : S + say + (that) + clause ( S2 + V2 + 02…)

 Passive : It + be + said + (that) + clause

Or S2 + be + said + to inf

Or S2 + be + said + to have + V- ed/ VpII

- Eg : People said that he had gone abroad

 It was said that he had gone abroad

Or He was said to have gone abroad

IV : Câu mệnh lệnh :

1) V + 0 + A  Let + 0 + be + Vp II / V- ed + A.

- Eg ; Write your name here

 Let your name be written here

2) S + let + sb + do + smth.

- Eg ; He let me go out’

 I was go out’

0r I was alowed to go out

Exercise 1 : Dùng hình thức đúng của động từ trong ngoặc :

1, Toshico hat her car (repair) by a mechanic

 repaired

2, Ellen got Marvin (type) her paper

 to type

3, We got our house (paint) last week

 painted

4, Dr Byrd is having the students (write) a coposition

 write

5, Mark got jis transcripts (send) to the univercity

 sent

6, Maria is getting her hair (cut) tomorrow

 cut

7, He was seen (climb) in the tree yesterday

 to climb

8, Gene got his book (publish) by a subsidy pulisher

 published

9, Will Mr Brown have the porter (carry) hir luggage to hir car

 carry

10, My sisler has had a new dress (make) recently.

 made

Exercise 2 :