Research on real situation and opportunity development now of jewelry occupation Dinh Cong, Hoang Mai, Ha Noi = Tìm hiểu thực trạng và cơ hội phát triển của ngh16262420150227

Approach in view of the traditional craft Vietnamese association of folk arts: Craft village street Thang Long – Ha Noi of two writers Tran Quoc Vuong and Do Thi Haopublished House of s

VIETNAM NATIONALUNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES

 -

HOANG THI THU HANG

RESEARCH ON REAL SITUATION AND OPPORTUNITY DEVELOPMENT NOW OF JEWELRY OCCUPATION

DINH CONG, HOANG MAI, HA NOI

MASTER THESIS

Speciality: Vietnamese Studies

Hanoi, 2012

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES

 -

HOANG THI THU HANG

RESEARCH ON REAL SITUATION AND OPPORTUNITY DEVELOPMENT NOW OF JEWELRY OCCUPATION

DINH CONG, HOANG MAI, HA NOI

WORLDS WARRANTIES

This work is the sync thesis and result of my research The data and result described in the thesis is true on the basis of actual survey as well as the collection, analysis and processing of relevant data sources These comments are addressed in the thesis has not been published in other works

Hanoi, December 1, 2012

Author

Hoang Thi Thu Hang

I thank to the Vietnam National University, Hanoi have created conditions for I do graduation thesis

I send my sincere thanks to Vice Prof Dr Pham Hong Tung – who was dedicated to helping me complete the thesis

I would like to thank the staff of the People’s Committee Dinh Cong, management relic Dinh Cong Thuong temple, the owners of silver production iin Dinh Cong, the technology for elderly people and people the ward has facilitated and enthusiastic help during my field work and thesis

I also thank my family and friends have encouraged me a lot in the past

Although had attempts and efforts, but the thesis inevitable limitations and shortcomings Look forward to understanding, sharing and comments of the teacher, the teacher to be more complete thesis

Sincerely thank you!

Author

Hoang Thi Thu Hang

1

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 7

1 Reason to select topic 7

2 Overview of the research 8

3 Purpose, target research and research scale of thesis 10

4 Research Method 11

5 Source of Documents of thesis 11

6 Contribution of thesis 12

7 The layout of the thesis 12

CHAPTER I: RECOMMENDATION ABOUT DINH CONG 14

1.1 Land location and character of people 14

1.1.1 Geography location of Dinh Cong during many periods 14

1.1.2 Characters of people 17

1.2 Establishment and development in Dinh Cong village 19

1.3 Economic life 23

1.4 Some historical and culture place 26

1.5 Festivals and hobbies and regulations 29

1.5.1 Traditional festivals 29

1.5.2 Hobbies and customs 30

CHAPTER II: JEWELRY OF DINH CONG VILLAGE 33

2.1 Concept about jewelry job 33

2.2 The legend about inventor of jewelry job 34

2.2.1 The legend about inventor of Dinh Cong jewelry 34

2.2.2 Some opinions about inventor of jewelry 36

2.3.Special presentation of jewelry job in Dinh Cong 39

2.3.1 Awareness and characters of jewelry skilled workers 39

2.3.2 Topics of products 40

2.3.3.Silver pouring technique 42

2.4.Process, materialfabrication techniques (Speculations process, raw material technique) 43

2.4.1 Manufacture process with gold materials 44

2.4.2 Processof silver materialproduction 46

2

2.5 Production many goods 50

2.5.1 Tools of making products 50

2.5.2 Technique of producing products 54

2.5.3 Jewelry products of Dinh Cong 59

2.6 Schedules of making jobs of Dinh Cong jewelry village 61

CHAPTER 3: SITUATION AND OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP THE JEWELRY JOB IN DINH CONG 68

3.1 Situation of cooking silver and pouring them in frame in Dinh Cong now 68

3.1.1 Jewelry village reduced but silver cooking and pouring them in frame in Dinh Cong still continue to keep and develop 68

3.1.2 Situation about employment labor 73

3.1.3 The market situation 77

3.1.4 Some matters about real situation of silver made job in Dinh Cong now 79

3.2 Development opportunities of silver made job in Dinh Cong 82

3.2.1 Recommendation the Analysis way SWOT 82

3.2.2 Development opportunities of silver made job in Dinh Cong through the analysis method SWOT 87

INCONCLUSION 96 REFERENCES

APPENDIX

3

INTRODUCTION

1 Reason to select topic

For a long time, people produced and used jewelry to make up Demand for jewelry is basically formation and development of jewelry Jewelry job is one of handicraft traditional of country This is not only produced jewelry by gold, silver or store, but also composes many expensive goods, many kinds of decoration, including architecture…with many different materials So, the products are not only linked with people produced many kinds of jewelry for beauty but also linked with feudal dynasty in country, because their products are satisfied with kings, nobles and these products are tools for opening external relations with foreign countries

Jewelry village Dinh Cong (now it is Dinh Cong ward, Hoang Mai district, Hanoi capital) is one of four villages of traditional jewelry in Northern Delta Zone Jewelry village Dinh Cong has the hot silver spinning well known This village has many kinds of products with many patterns, sophistication decoration All products are shown the patient, the intelligent and creativity of jewelry artisans in Dinh Cong village

It is the fact that in one decade recently Hanoi has rapidly speeds of economy, urbanization prolongs the profound chances in many fields Jewelry village and traditional handmade village are acting and changing rented from market, mechanism and the speed of industrialization and modernization nowadays This problem is hot for social development now and in the future Now, Dinh Cong has many geographical changes, administrative, culture and society…in line with the process of urbanization

Especially traditional handmade jewelry of Dinh Cong village is one occupation showing rapidly change This village gradually eroded, the number of people and family makes jewelry are very little, changing model, kind of products in order to meet the demand of market, cared for high

4

ranking officials in conservation and development of silver down…These changing becomes hot issue for consideration and research on the other hand, the changing of jewelry now is facing with matters for development of Dinh Cong Besides, it also introduce the culture, skill and intelligent of artisans with many people all over the world by brightening jewelry products to foreign countries and domestic On the other hand, the changing of jewelry handmade also has some difficulty such as: labor, market and product….Development situation of jewelry also arise many matters in conservation, maintain and development

So, analysis and research about development reality of jewelry in Dinh Cong will bring many opportunities and trend of sustainable development of silver down in Dinh Cong village

2 Overview of the research

Jewelry job of Dinh Cong village was one of handmade traditional job well known in Hanoi before So, there are many researches on matters

a Approach inviewofvillagecraftjewels

The books of Jewelry, pearl, gold production, business, antique of Viet Nam of Bui Van Vuong, Publish house of young people 2010 introduce profile about history, arts, skill, village, the profession of jewelry job

The books wrote 36 villages of Thang Long – Ha Noi of Lam Khe publish house of young, 2010 introduce Dinh Cong jewelry village is one of

36 jewelry handmade village well known in Hanoi

Folk magazine lights has all deductions Dinh Cong village and traditional jewelry job of Truong Minh Hang, number 3, 2004, only discuss about history of Dinh Cong village and typical character of jewelry job Dinh Cong

In Magazines Viet Nam and South East (ASEAN) now have all deductions about jewelry job of BVV, number 12, phase 2 July 1996

5

concentrates on discussing the history of jewelry job and topic of crafted gold and silver craft products Jewelry job with processing techniques of silver down Dinh Cong considered as a key role and fame in jewelry job of Viet Nam

Historical research Magazine has all deductions on “Thinking about jewelry job in Viet Nam of Nguyen Duc Toan, number 3, 1992 gives out some opinions about the profession and history of jewelry job in Viet Nam”

Books culture of Thang Long – HaNoi thousand years of civilization making questions and answer about Hanoi traditional village of Hanoi wrote

by Vu Van Nhien presents list of questions and answer about history, characteristics and values of villages, streets in Hanoi, including Dinh Cong jewelry village

Books celebrated thousand years of Thang Long – Hanoi: handmade village of Hanoi wrote by Ha Nguyen, published house of information and speaking, 2010 introduced Dinh Cong village is one of good known handmade village of Thang Long – Hanoi before

In series of Books on occupation ha a book mentioned jewelry job of many writers Nguyen Duc, The Thanh, Hong Anh, stock company directory Viet Nam policy introduced the history and the profession of jewelry village

b Approach in view of the traditional craft

Vietnamese association of folk arts: Craft village street Thang Long –

Ha Noi of two writers Tran Quoc Vuong and Do Thi Haopublished House of social science, 2009 recommend basically an overview of legend and process

of jewelry handmade manufactured in Dinh Cong village

In the program of conservation and stimulation in tangible value has science report on research of Dinh Cong village, Thanh Tri, Hanoi of group of writers Institute of culture arts – Board of Contemporary culture by Luong Hong Quang – editor, 2009 concentrates on research Dinh Cong village is a

6

traditional jewelry village well known in specifically The reports focus on understanding the process of manufacture and production of jewelry job only

concentrated on techniques of silver down of Dinh Cong

3 Purpose, target research and research scale of thesis

Research Scale

About space, the thesis not only research jewelry job in Dinh Cong ward, mainly Dinh Cong Thuong ward but also the thesis expand to research relation of jewelry job in Dinh Cong and jewelry job in ChauKhe (Hai Duong) and Dong Sam (Thai Binh) At the same time, the thesis studies role

of jewelry job with material life and spirit life of Dinh Cong people As we see that, the traditional handmade village plays a key role in living of Dinh Cong people

7

About time, the thesis only focus on studying real situation of development of jewelry job (only silver down) in 905 of century XX coming back, especially in recent years, the urbanization makes the face of Dinh Cong village change severely On the other hand, based on real situation of development of jewelry job, the thesis will give out evaluation of opportunities development based on SWOT analysis way of jewelry now and

in the future

4 Research Method

Rehearse in line with the tendency presented at Article of purpose and research scale about studying jewelry village of Dinh Cong The thesis used many scientific methods such as: fields; ethnographic; research follows 04 steps as follows collection; sync thesis; comparison; analysis So, the thesis gives out the real situation of jewelry village of Dinh Cong

On the other hand, the thesis used SWOT method to analysis to evaluate the opportunities the development of jewelry village The method SWOT including 04 letters of English means strength; weaknesses, opportunities, threats translated in Vietnamese are: Mạnh, Yếu, Cơhội, Đedọa Strength and weaknesses are internal factors or internal conditions opportunities and threads are external factors or external conditions After list many contents or small part in detail of SWOT analysis; the thesis carries out mark or remark or make order many index of each content The final conclusion, the thesis will synthesize and analyze in details follow correlation function and coefficient

5 Source of Documents of thesis

The first documents are documents including ancient text (the god of tree, conventions) related to Dinh Cong village and jewelry job of Dinh Cong, now many documents kept in village and library

8

The second documents are forms of research and interviewing documents of elderly artisans, owner of production warehouse main workers and unskilled workers, customers in Dinh Cong in many fields took place from January to May 2012 This is source of Documents collecting from witnesses lived or living by jewelry job of Dinh Cong, saw the increase or decrease of jewelry job including the time of development “the rich and prosperous”, the difficulty phase resulted from management policy of state and gradually eroded in the period of urbanization So, this is key documents and creditable of thesis

On the other hand, thesis used many research results of gold down, silver down of Dinh Cong announced by media, newspaper, journals, scientific works not printed…

6 Contribution of thesis

The thesis is the first masterpiece mentioned directly in arrangement system, parsing, evaluation about real situation of development now of jewelry job Dinh Cong and gives out many opportunities to develop the jewelry job, make contribution to keep and develop the jewelry job in front of the trend of decreasing of traditional handmade craft in Viet Nam

7 The layout of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion and appendices refer thesis

is divided into three chapters with the following main content:

Chapter 1: Introduction about Dinh Cong

Chapter 1 introduces the overview of boundary location, population characteristics, the formation and development of village of economic life, the historical and cultural traditions of the Dinh Cong Essential information regarding from ancient times to the present is the basis and the foundation for further investigation of the jewelry and the current development status of jewelry Dinh Cong

9

Chapter 2: Jewelry job of Dinh Cong village

Chapter 2 focuses describes jewels in aspects term: the training, characteristics, manufacturing and production processes, products jewelry Dinh Cong Thus, confirming the value of art and jewelry Dinh Cong

Chapter 3: Real condition and opportunities to develop the jewelry of Dinh Cong village

Chapter 3 analysis, assessment of the current state of development of jewels Dinh Cong The problems of development status as: Village eroded but still continues to maintain and develop, the situation on the labor market, the supply and demand issues, products, technology production, sustainable development From that launched the career development opportunities jewels Dinh Cong today

10

CHAPTER I: RECOMMENDATION ABOUT DINH CONG

1.1 Land location and character of people

1.1.1 Geography location of Dinh Cong during many periods

Dinh Cong is located in the south of Hanoi city Land location ofDinh Cong changed a lot in line with the reduction and development of history of city Although there are not enough documents to prove that “over 3000 years” of this land, but for thousands of years previously, Dinh Cong still always belongs to Long Dam old land According to the book “Name of village and communes Viet Nam at the beginning of century XIX” of Duong Thi The and Pham Thi Thoa At the beginning of Nguyen period Dinh Cong

is one communes belongs to Khuong Dinh District, Thuong Tin province, Son Nam Thuong town Based on real history, we step by step research some famous place related to Dinh Cong

According to the book “Du dia chi” and “Books of Vietnamese famous place”, Son Nam town is located in the south of Thang Long castle about Le period Son Nam is also a town of four towns or internal town, Kinh town, “is the fourth town of four Kinh towns and the leading bulletins in the south” Tran period is road land Thien Truong, after that it divides into two roads Kien Xuong and An Tiem, then changed many roads Hoang Giang, Son Nam, Long Hung, KhoaiChau In the year of Quang Thuan the seventh (1466), set Thien Truong In the year of Quang Thuan the tenth (1469) changed Son Nam In the year of Hong Duc the twenty first (1490), changed the Son Nam

In the year of Le Canh Hung the second (1741), divided into two roads Son Nam Thuong and Son Nam Ha; takes two districts Truong Yen and Thien Quang becoming Thanh Hoa outside the town Son Tay house again changed into two towns Son Nam Thuong and Son Nam Ha In the year of Nguyen Gia Long the first (1802), takes two towns Thuong and Ha town into North city In the year of Minh Menh the third (1822), changed Thuong town into

11

Son Nam town, changed Ha town into Nam Dinh town According to book

“Du dia chi” Son Nam having 09 roads of province, 36 districts, 2059 villages and communes [2, page 30] Thuong Tin is one of 09 roads of province in the beginning of Le period [2, page 98] and [3, page 464]

Province Thuong Tin belongs to Le period, according to “Dai Nam nhat thong chi” is Thuong Phuc province in Tran period, including 03 districts Thuong Tin, PhuXuyen and Thanh Dam According to this book, Thanh Dam district in the Minh period is the land province of Long Dam, belongs to GiaoChauDistrict The book “Hoang Minh ThucLuc” wrote “on the first, June, the fifth year Vinh Lac, 1407, changed Long Dam into Thanh Dam” In the Le period, Thanh Dam including 78 communes Up to Le Trung Hung period, it changes Thanh Dam into Thanh Tri (the name of the king Le Thanh Tong is Dam) [2, page 99]

In 1888, French government set up Cau Do province, in 1904, it changes into Ha Dong, divided into 09 districts, including Thanh Tri joins Ha Dong province In the period, Hanoi is also temporary invaded (1946 - 1954),

in March 1948 the government researches and joins Hanoi together with Ha Dong into inter Luong Ha province Hanoi divided into two districts Tran Tay and Tran Nam During this period, Dinh Cong is a place against French invader Thuong village is acting place of V District; Ha village belongs to VI Hanoi In October 1954, after controlling capital, Dinh Cong removes again Nga Tu So district, and up to 1955, Dinh Cong changes to VII District, Hanoi

In April 1961, National Assembly session II, session the second approved the decision of government expand Hanoi, Dinh Cong commune again research and merged in Thanh Tri district This period, Dinh Cong has land location as follow: Northern zone is near Bach Mai airport and Khuong Dinh commune; the Eastern is near High way 1A near Giap Bat railway

is near Hoai Duc district

In the meeting the sixth session VI – session VIII (July 13th 1985) of People’s committee of Hanoi city asked the Board of Ministers set up some new wards and new towns In January 1991 land areas in Bach Mai Airport (belongs to Dinh Cong commune) are urbanized and joined in Khuong Mai ward and Khuong Dinh ward, Thanh Xuan District

In the year of 90 of century XX, the speed of urbanization in Dinh Cong happens rapidly, rural land cultivation gradually reduced, and moved to construction land, offices and companies in Dinh Cong increase, house and new people’s livings are built more modern and convenient At the beginning

of 2003, Dinh Cong and some other communes of Thanh Tri District are moved to internal city and officially becomes a ward with a big area more population of Hoang Mai District just established

Now, geography location of Dinh Cong is near Thinh Liet ward in the West, In the South it is near Dai Kim ward, In the North it is near Thanh Xuan District So, via drawing draft about land location changes of Dinh Cong in many periods we can see that location of Dinh Cong is very important in Hanoi city Before, Dinh Cong is a suburban village but now, Dinh Cong is internal ward in city This reason result in changes every fields

on social – economic life of Dinh Cong especially, the changes of traditional handmade village

13

1.1.2 Characters of people

According to the book “Vietnamese Country in many periods” of Dao Duy Anh and book about “suburban villages and communes in Hanoi” of Bui Thiet go together the missing old area related to origin and family such as: the field in Huynh Cung village in missing area Van Dich, Thong pagoda in Vinh Quynh commune mound “apple tree” in TrieuKhuc village and some tools discovered such as: blades, ax, stone jewelry, brass crescent, consummately and in the period of Hung king set up new nation, there are some Vietnamese people in the North moved to go along two sides of Nhi Ha river In the south including, there are some Vietnamese people find good land to live such as: they live by some jobs: rice grown, fishing catch, animal feed…Dinh Cong land in that period in beautiful and high land and there is To Lich river floating It is convenient for business and go in and go out…So, the old Vietnamese people stop here to live and build house for a long time

At the same time, some officials of King after winning the enemies and invaders,some officialsareas ward by the Kingthat possess good land, they live and bring their wife and the children to live So, from an origin people relationship, the number of new relative people increases gradually during the time Although, each relative people still develop in live with keeping the blood and special culture of social community, especially national disasters such as: flood, diseases,.…Many relative people work together to become neighbor community, villages, help each other such as “village and neighbor relations” or dual relations “internal relations and external village” Based on close relations, it gradually becomes traditional culture system of people in village community, from relative people matters to funerals, wedding….for helping each other

Dinh Cong land is also a place with many intelligent people and high education In the book about “village suburban in Hanoi” wrote “with high

14

living standard, Dinh Cong Thuong and the whole Dinh Cong commune generally there are a lot of high education people; intelligent people” [6, page 32] It is obvious that in the book “traditional history of Dinh Cong commune” listed some famous people, having high ranking studied people as follow:

- Bui XuongTrach (1473 - ?), passed Doctor – Mau Tuat examination test (1477) in Le Thanh Tong king period

- Bui Xuong Tu (1656 - 1728), passed examination in 1691 is a person learned very well about literature, He is author of Thanh Tri book, Bui Tho book wrote changes of family and other literature and poem

- Bui Huy Bich (1744 - 1818), successful passed examination Hoang Giap test KySuu (1769) reached examiner Ta Thi Lang, Tham Tung ranking, “TuocKeLietHau”, coming up to Le Chieu Thong, he retired

to go home He is author of precious book such as: Hoang Viet thi van tuyen, officials of NgheAnProvince

- Trinh Dinh Thai (1823 - ?) passed Bachelor of Binh Ngo examination test in 1846

- Trinh Dinh Ngoan (1712 - 1786) good Doctor – leader of 06 Department of Medical

- Trinh Dinh Kien (1715 - 1786) doctor (Kien Trung Hau) – manager of Thai Y hospital

- Trinh Ngoc Phan (1914 - 1986) Professor of Medical University

- Trinh Phuc Nguyen (1926 - ?) Professor of Military Medical University [7, page 26]

Dinh Cong has many famous relations having special traditional job, Trinh relatives having traditional medicine The famous doctor is Trinh Dinh Ngoan He is from Ding Cong Ha He is the best doctor keeping rector of Thai Y hospital in castle of Trinh king In the 34th year Canh Hung (1773) he

15

is appointed by Le Hien Tong to become manager of Y Mieu building This is one heritage construction to build to hand in pagoda and celebrated two famous doctor of Viet Nam are Tue Tinh Thien Su and Hai ThuongLanOng

Le Huu Trac In 1980, relies Y Mieu Thang Long is well known recognized such as National history relies Mr Trinh Dinh Ngoan is invited to go to China to rescue by Thanh king and is donated a silk image of himself

On the other hand, Dinh Cong has many handicrafts with famous artists such as Ha village, shoes handmade Trai village and bamboo knits Thuong village has jewelry job such as: Mr.Vien, Mr.Nhien, Mr Do Quan, Mr Cu Bach and Mr Am Tho

So, many Vietnamese people moved to Dinh Cong to live and do business, people are friendly, help each other and it is beautiful hobby in life style of Dinh Cong people here People are hand working, skillful hand and intelligent So, here there are a lot of handicraft job well known in Thang Long castle Especiallyjewelry,in the legend usually wrote “Yen Thai silk, Bat Trang ceramics, gold jewelry Dinh Cong, Cu electrical tools in NguXa village”

1.2 Establishment and development in Dinh Cong village

Based on the legend and document archaeological, Dinh Cong is old village of Vietnamese

In the book wrote about family of Meeting House of old people in Thuong village wrote: In the Hung king – the 17th (Hung Nghi Vuong king) people have contribution to build the beautiful house for welcome Mrs Hoang Phi – the wife of king to go out on To Lich river, when the return home to the gate of pagoda Thien Phuc she met storm and wind and she is injured She is cared by many people so the king grant, named the land, the name of village “Dinh Cong farm” In this land area, Mrs Hoang Phi gave birth the prince Cong So so the king built “castle of studying of prince and

16

princess” After that, the King send the big officials to bring money and gold for people and set up the pagoda at castle of studying (Big church; pagoda)in Thuong village; Mr Cong So became one the famous leader has many achievement against invader so the kinh granted “Duc Thanh Quoc Vuong” and “Dong Hy Dai Vuong” When they win enemies, they came back from Chau Hoan, he goes throngs Dinh Cong to see “castle of studying”, he invited every people to drink and eat and having the poem wrote:

“Vseommu, Dinh Cong district develop rapidly Castle of king is very large and beautiful”

In the book wrote families relations of Ha village wrote: In the Hung king – the 17th (King Hung NghiVuong period) has good moral and high education, care much about the life of people, so everywhere is peaceful, the government has free time, once he goes with his soldiers to hunt in Gia Luong district (Da Bac district) he met Ms XuyenNuong She is beautiful her eyebrows and eyes phoenix The king is married with her and then she gave pregnant In 14th June such as the first in February, at that day she sits on the boat to travel in Thanh Dam zone, the boat stops on the side of river near Dinh Cong farm, suddenly the sky is bright tour sides, 05 colors cloud and she gave births intelligent son the servant talked to the king, he is very excited and ordered: place gave his leader is Dinh Cong now changed into Dinh Cong (with many profound meaning: salary and wages for people won victory) and grant Hoang Cong to enjoy it

Hoang Cong was born in 100 days named Cong So He learn when he was 09 years old, he was 13 years old He is talented writer martial He was

16 years old when the sky has big drought, many people are hungry everywhere, there are many robbers, the king asks him to check and key everything set up a festival for begging rain He goes anywhere, everywhere

is peace, the sky is cool, people are enough rich

17

So, for 02 legend stories wrote in books wrote families of Dinh Cong Thuong castle of king and Dinh Cong Ha The book expresses history, meaning of name of village and many characterwas regardedasthetutelary Dinh Cong village

Based on historical documents supplied by archeology that Dinh Cong

is located in many old sites discovered in internalHa Noi city such as: stone sites in Van Dich (Huynh Cung), Thong pagoda sites (Vinh Quynh); especially sites apple trees big tomb (Trieu Khuc), the archeologist found signal of Vietnamese people in the period of construction Van Lang Nation of Hung king in Ha Noi land Over inspector of big years, archeologist considered tree of apple big tomb (Trieu Khuc) together in the culture period

of Phung Nguyen, belongs to the beginning period of Hung Vuong periods built the country about 4000 to 2500 years ago

In practice, Dinh Cong village is far away tree of apples big tomb and stone site (Van Dien) not far, together located on the line of To Lich River In line with remarks of books kept in Dinh Cong village we can see that land of Dinh Cong commune now is a old Vietnamese village appeared in Hung Vuong period of construction

On the other hand, the history establishment of Dinh Cong village researched by consideration the history of To Lich river flows via village for a long time In the book of “Dai Nam nhat thong chi” wrote: “To Lich River in the East of city (province and city of Ha Noi, Nguyen period - NQL) is divided of two flows of Nhi river (Red river) flow in the North of provinces, flow at the gate of irrigation concrete pipe Huong Bai, Dong Xuan commune, Tho Xuong district, moved to the West via Vinh Thuan district, to Nghia Do commnue, located in the East of Tu Liem district and many Khuong Dinh, Quang Liet, Co Dien, Ninh Xa communes belongs to Thanh Tri District go around including 60 miles, going to Ha Lieu commune then flows to Nhue

18

river belongs to Doai ago The river in spring and winter is dry, in summer and autumn big water flows moved to by boat To Lich river is near Thuong hamlet, Trai hamlet are separated between Dinh Cong commune and Tam Kim village”

So, the history establishment and development of Dinh Cong villages and communes ago are similar to other communes and severely by flood of this river For a long time, yearly in rainy season, Hong River on upper water source flows bring good land to build the pieces of land, small lakes; streams, lake, branch of rivers go around areas to make favorable conditions for building communes and villages and cultivation of growing rice and vegetables animals and chicken, duck, feed….as well as fishing and lobster and seafood grown for living of Vietnamese people for a long time

In line with history of national construction and keep the country of people, people in Dinh Cong village are similar to many people in other villages in Hong river delta They spent many generations to work hard, to open more land for opening farm, constructed villages more and more prosperous In order to exists and develops, people are care much each other, working together, they are raved to fight against natural disasters and against invaders to protect villages, communes and nation peacefully

So, over for many events and relics remain, we are sure that Dinh Cong

is old land area for a long time This is old land area of suburban of Thang Long castle

Based on prosperous back ground of suburban old land area of Thang Long castle, in the period of construction fighting and National protection for

a thousand year, Dinh Cong continue to develop stably and plays a key role in the city This matter is shows on decision of many meeting session of Dinh Cong Dinh Cong has many products to supply for pig meat, chicken, chilly,…Because Dinh Cong is a suburban village on the other hand, many

In October 1998, Prime Minister of government makes a decision to get 6.34 ha for building new urban construction sites Dai Kim Dinh Cong (Decision 936-QĐ/TTg) This is very important in development of Dinh Cong The government and people committee takes rural land to build new urban construction sites This matter brings Dinh Cong from suburban, vilages to become now modern urban zone So, the living standard of people

in Dinh Cong improved rapidly However, we have the good things or the bad things, the government took rural land to build new urban zone It results in the bad things on social life of Dinh Cong people The missing and changing

of traditional handicraft for a long time is a good example to prove this matter

1.3 Economic life

Before, when Dinh Cong is old village of Vietnamese people,the citizens in Dinh Cong lived on rural agriculture grown such as: rice grown and vegetable On the other hand, they feed animals and take advantage of fishing lobster; fish crabs in river, small pond, fields around the villages They have old hobby of rice grown cultivation of Vietnamese people in the hills and in the Northern delta areas, people have self-demand and self-supply about economy, the goods consumption economy doesn’t go up and establish The life of people only based on small rice grown and animal feed to the life

of people are very simple, still poor although they have to work hard yearly but the life is still poor

20

For the period of Chinese invader to the old and conservative period of Dai Viet independence mainly king Ly Cong Uan decided to move the castle from Hoa Lu to Thang Long (1010), thanks to constructions and expansion of castle, many villages at suburban areas have chances to develop rural development and other handicrafts to supply rice and essential goods for the king and officials, people in the city So, the rural development of people in Dinh Cong villages changed in the new period, develops economic goods to meet the demand of people lived in the city its development is similar to other villages So, people in Dinh Cong village grows many vegetables, chilies and flowers and rice grown to supply the demand market….In production, people use tools of cultivation land; animal feeds: increasing crops or grow more vegetables These rural products are potatoes, tomato, Ha Lan bean, cabbage, chilies and spices vegetables and fresh flowers for “Tet” festival as well as rice, corn, potatoes In the small garden of families, they grow many trees such apple trees, longan trees, guava, jack, annona squamosa….Especially, they grown many chilies fields with the red color every fields of 03 villages in Dinh Cong Gradually, Dinh Cong has a lot of agriculture products well known and have brand name of locals Many people like these products So, many people say the poem: “The most bitter chilies is chilies of Dinh Cong/ The best longanis longan of Quang village/the best juice is annona squamosa

of Dinh Cong village”

People in Dinh Cong villages develops handicrafts job for themselves demand and supply the essential goods for many people in the cities as well

as they grow rice, corn, potatoes and feed animals They have jewelry job in Thuong village, knit pillow clouds, shoes leather forms and chilies powder in Trai village and Ha village Especially they have famous traditional jewelry in

Tu Liem – Ha Noi land area

21

In 1986, the open policy of government marks a big chance on economic social life of the whole country and especially in Dinh Cong village The people have many kinds of development of economy The image

of economic life in Dinh Cong moved to new period

In rural production, the people are active to catch the demand of market they use new feeds to grow for high income Some areas grown vegetables such as: potatoes, tomato, cabbage, corn, kohlrabi, cauliflower…having a little capacity, they moved to grow vegetable such as: potatoes, kohlrabi, cauliflower, cabbage, cucumber….Some areas were flood, they removed to dig the pond, lakes for fishing Some households removed to feed pig, chicken with large scale, duck feed or seed production Thanks to reasonable remove they supply a thousand tons of vegetable, fish, meat and animals to the market yearly So the income of people improved, the life of people is better

In small industry, according to the decision 25, 26/board of Ministers now it is the government The people have rights to do business and production, they have their own financial found, expansion securities so that jewelry, shoes form, embroidery…have many new method to make the plan such as: technology reform, exploit the fund, taking advantage of finding many sources of goods to create stable job for people having high income

The Prime Minister makes a decision to take rural land to build new urban zones such as Dinh Cong new urban It remarks the changes in economic structure of Dinh Cong Because of reduction of land cultivation, economic structure of Dinh Cong moved from rural production to industry and services Dinh Cong has many kinds of trading service develops rapidly such as: many kinds of service business for example building materials for construction (brick, cement, steel black and yellow sand), supermarket (having 100 kinds of goods), food, mechanic, electronic repair, carpentry,

22

food processing….When the state takes rural land, the people have no land areas open handicrafts warehouse for production, income of goods is not met the demand of people So that, the jewelry job in Dinh Cong village reduces gradually and finally this jewelry gradually loses

Now, the economic life of Dinh Cong stabilized, the life of people is good According to report of the year before Communist Meeting of Dinh Cong commune session XX (2001 - 2006) on July 20th 2000 about agriculture, average output reaches 7.2 – 7.5 ton/ha Average income/01 person is 1.500.000 – 1.700.000đ/ month (including rural agriculture percentage proportion occupies 40%, services reach 60%) of total income of the whole society of commune In commune, there are not hungry and poor households, average households reach about 30%, rich families reach about 60% So, the economy of Dinh Cong village transform from old agriculture into advance technology agriculture Some rural villages moved to develop small industry, trading and services….Income of people increases rapidly The life of people step by step is stable

1.4 Some historical and culture place

In Dinh Cong commune, there is a historical system including: pagodas, church, temple….all places create continuous group of Vietnamese village These historical places are awarded by state as a historical culture and art place in August 27th 1996

a Thien Phuc pagoda and Lien Hoa pagoda

Thien Phuc pagoda in Thuong village and Lien Hoa pagoda in Ha village are two old pagodas Both pagodas were built in the century XVI These pagodas Buddhist church and teach the theory of the good thing encourage people to do the good thing, prevent the crimes and social evils and have education people live better and very well This is not only place for

23

culture and religion of people in Dinh Cong village and but also place that every people want to have beautiful and better life

b Small pagoda in Thuong village

Small pagoda in Thuong village is place of welcoming prince Cong So

He is the son of HungVuongKing, he is the person to protect the nation from invader and having position ranked as “Duc Thanh Quoc Vuong” This place

is also a place to celebrate the temple Doan Thuong, a well know leader at the end of Ly king, He is the last king to win the invader in the sea, having position ranked “Dong Hai Dai Vuong” He helps people in village considered as second leader of village He is awarded as “Thuong Dang Phuc Than” by king Yearly in lunar, people in Dinh Cong villages opens festivals

to celebrate the contribution of two leaders Tutelary Village on February 12th

c Small pagoda in Ha village

Small pagoda Dinh Cong Ha is also celebrated together two leaders of Thuong small pagoda They are prince Cong So and leader of pagoda Doan Thuong The pagoda is located on high land, having beautiful land at center of villages and built in line with method of big scale as: 03 gates, right house and left house, the house in front of and the house behind temple having gates moved to the East opposite large lake, having 04 cool and green seasons In temple, it has green tees systems and it creates the beauty of old architecture design construction site In lunar yearly, TempleofHa village also open festival on February 12th

d Temple of Dam Sen

This is place to celebrate the queen Phuong Nghi Hoang Hau She is the wife of the king Hung NghiVuong and the mother of prince “Chang Cong So” after she died the king celebrated Mrs Phuong Nghi such as beautiful, loyal Phi Nhan Queen and allowed people in Dinh Cong village celebrated for

a long time

24

The group of historical places including: temples, churches and pagodas in Dinh Cong village continued to remark the historical places of people in local areas in the period of prior 1945 revolution and the period against French invader, the group of historical places becomes revolution center It is a place to contact, hide of officials and local small military group

e The church of inventor of jewelry

The church is located in the south of Thuong village, this place celebrated 03 brothers Tran Dien, Tran Dien, Tran Hoa are people to invent and teach silver and gold for people in Dinh Cong Thuong village Jewelry job becomes traditional handicraft well know of the whole Dinh Cong village

To celebrate people contribute a sum of money to build the church and called him as “Inventor” of jewelry of Dinh Cong villages

Yearly, in festival village, jewelry workers flock to join here, making party to the church of inventor The nephews and the children having together blood people worked jewelry always remember the poem:

“Dinh Cong is a place having Inventor of jewelry

03 Inventors are people in Dinh Cong village”

Besides many historical places are ranked by Ministry of Culture and Information, Dinh Cong village has many other historical placesas amarkertorecordthehistorical eventtook placeintheDinh Cong land

Small house Tran Doc Tin, Phu Quoc Vuong: this is commander that the King granted land for him in Dinh Cong village Small house built at the end of century XIX, it is located in old Trai village

Big house for Duc Ong: this is old temple near the bank of To Lich River According to the old people, at temple “Duc Ong Bong” is inventor of seed and agriculture areas Yearly, the April 8th is the day of temple festival But now, the temple is missing because To Lich river open and destroyed by the war

25

Some other famous place: “The garden of King” is the garden of prince and princess “Don well” is water well of soldier station protects farms of the king “Parking place of boats, ferry…” Dinh is a place that he relations of king usually come to travel by boat to see “lotus small pond” “Thuong Lang,

Ha Lang fields” are beautiful places to select the tomb and many tombs of families in king relations So, in the period of Le king, Dinh Cong is land zone granted by Trinh king so here there are the name of land marked in the history period However, now, many historical places lost gradually

So, Dinh Cong has culture value background of old Vietnamese village via listed the name of historical land Some culture historical heritage kept for many generations of Dinh Cong people

1.5 Festivals and hobbies and regulations

1.5.1 Traditional festivals

Like other Vietnamese communes and villages in Hong river delta In Dinh Cong, there are many festivals of people organized yearly having special character of culture, belief and feeling in Vietnamese people These are hobbies for Buddhism, temple, holy small house for commander, pagoda for Buddha (small house for leaders)

Festival in Thuong village and festival in Ha village together organized

on February 12th in lunar year to have great honor the tutelary ofmany tabernacles Chang Cong So and holy Doan Thuong He is holy person to help people against invaders And in festivals of communes and villages, the people in Dinh Cong Thuong also organize the festival to sacrifice the inventor of jewelry, to remember and have great honor of jewelry inventors They are the teachers to teach jewelry job for people in Dinh Cong for having high income, the life of people becomes better than other rural agriculture villages

26

Before, in order to assure the quality of products for traditional festival, villages divided 720m2 land for classes to work, continuous cultivation for flowers and vegetables….for village of festivals On the festivals of village in home yard together of the village not discriminate the rich and the poor The people (from over 60 years old) seniors sits down in flower printed mat in center of the first line, each pedestal having two flower printed mat is sitting place for high ranking officials in village, in the second line of below, they have white mat for ordinary people in village to eat drink wine on festivals of village

On the other hand, we have the festivals of holy of village and welcome the doctor, bachelors, officials,people have high education having certificate

of the King grantedthe village held in yard or headquarter of province to go to the village and having great honor of the village

On August 12th in lunar year the village opens festival to welcome the leader in water, lake, pond, ocean Dam Sen, celebrated Phuong Nghi Queen She is the wife of Hung NghiVuong king and shi is also the mother of Chang Cong So, the inventor of Dinh Cong village Nowadays, we have only festivals of old people meeting in Thuong village and the temple of Ha village organized yearly on February 12th in lunar year, and other festivals can’t restore as before

1.5.2 Hobbies and customs

About traditional hobbies, like some suburban villages and communes, people in Dinh Cong commune still keeps the traditional hobbies such as: longevity continue, wedding and funeral practice…

Longevity continues: A long time ago, the life is very poor, the people having over 60 years old have the little So, the men are about 50 years old, they are called “old people” According to regulations, on the first day of Tet Nguyen Dan holiday or January 15th in lunar year, the people are 50 years old

27

they prepare glass of wine, tray of juice “traucau” to bring temple of village to present the god or holy of village to become old people The men are 70 years old to 80 years old they have right to come to the temple of village to celebrate the old people after joining old people party of congratulation that the children and people in villages are respected, every funeral or wedding from families relations to the matter of villages they always listen to the point

to buy wedding skirts According to the regulations of village if young woman is engaged the family of girls must pay tax fee for the village The tax includes a hundred of long bricks to build the road of village If having no long and straight bricks, they must pay tax by bronze big bowl or a small sum

of money for the village The Wedding of two young people only was approved as soon as theyfulfill the tax for village Now, many bad practices

do not remain, every young men and young women are free to select some bad regulations in funerals are leaved out because it is not suitable for modern life

Funeral practice: Many people in Dinh Cong village try to have funerals for people in line with traditional hobby of nation for a long time In funeral, people must carry out completely procedures in live with the book of regulations of family Tho Mai, like many people in other old Vietnamese village in Northern Delta Some rich people before in Dinh Cong usually

28

organized very big the funerals for relatives, it contains many complicated procedures in order to show the brand name of family with many people Some families are not rich but they try to imitate to organize simply, many bad practices quit Many families follow the modern life style of urban used method of burning by electricity

Small conclusion in Chapter 1

In Chapter 1, we recommend draft some draws about Dinh Cong such as: land location, character of people establishment and development of Dinh Cong village the economic life, some culture historical areas, many festivals and traditional hobby of Dinh Cong over this analysis, we want to confirm that the land of Dinh Cong village is place having many culture value and is a famous handicrafts traditionally in Thang Long ago

Over the draft information about Dinh Cong from the previous time to now, we want to introduce the whole image of every economic life, social, culture On the other hand, we want to focus on urbanization matters now This period of urbanization has severely impact every aspects of development

of Dinh Cong now,the changes about real situationof traditional handicraft - jewelry It is consequence of urbanization period took place severely in Dinh Cong

Finally, over the generally analysis of Dinh Cong from the previous time to now,these are basically back ground and frame work that we can research profoundly about jewelry and development situation of Dinh Cong jewelry job

29

CHAPTER II: JEWELRY OF DINH CONG VILLAGE

2.1 Concept about jewelry job

The concept about “jewelry” translated it into old Chinese are golden round belt or hand round golden (collieren or) [10, page 428], after that this concept used with new meaning “jewelry by silver and gold” [11, page 551]

So, according to this definition that jewelry job is produced and made some jewelry by gold and silver

According to “street of Hanoi” of Nguyen Vinh Phuc and Tran Ba Huy determined scale about jewelry job as follow: “Jewelry job includes carve (carved and drawing images, flowers on jewelry or tools by gold and silver), prolong gold thread (prolong gold and silver burnt into thread, into flowers and leaf form, birds linked to jewelry) and smooth things (made things by silver and gold no need carved, only “beads” for glossy, smooth)” [12, page 137-138] With the definition, the objects of jewelry opened, it is not only included tools by silver and gold and but also other tools by silver and gold

According to “Dictionary classified job in Viet Nam” shows jewelry artists is an overall concepts included many skilled workers made many jobs such as jewelry repair skilled workers, cutting workers and grinders valuable stone, workers linked diamond seeds and stone seeds, gold made skilled workers and silver made workers, carved jewelry metal workers and thin and slim gold workers and jewelrydecoration workers, workers made fake jewelry workers, formed made workers and maker molds [13, page 155-156] According to this point, jewelry jobs included the whole many kinds of activities listed above.Gold and silver workers implement one part of job.They are so called “jewelry skilled workers”

According to above definition, the objects of jewelry job is very plenty and diversified So, jewelry job is called “many specialization kinds of jewelry job”, “specialization of jewelry decoration” or “specialization

2.2 The legend aboutinventor of jewelry job

2.2.1.The legend about inventor of Dinh Cong jewelry

Based on the legend of Dinh Cong Thuong village, jewelry workers in Dinh Cong village were famous ago,because this job appears earlier in Vietnam about the end of century VI to the beginning of century VII – period

of Ly Nam De King (476 - 603) In Dinh Cong village is located near To Lich River, there are 03 brothers (Tran Hoa, Tran Dien, Tran Dien) leaving their parents died when they were child Three brothers must care each other to live, they are skillful…They have to work for other people to earn money, thanks to skilled hand, they are working hard But the life is not quiet, because invader of Chinese (Luong King) flock to invade Van Xuan country Not to obey, people fights to be against the invader under the leadership of Ly Nam De The war cannot prolong and finally it has failure The war of Tien

Ly King has failure as soon as the country of Dinh Cong invaded, Luong soldiers flock to destroy, not only country of 03 brothers (Tran Hoa, Tran Dien, Tran Dien) suffers from burden of invader that the country also is in the chaos People live in scenes separated, 03 brothers (Tran Hoa, Tran Dien, TranDien) are on the road to go through Que Duong district, BacNinh province, they lost each other, each people live far away country Two

31

brothers do not know to go the neighbor country, and work for ward of jewelry job The elder brother moved to country in the North to learn handicraft at the jewelry ward He is intelligent and skillful hand (cutting, drawing), hardworking to 03 brothers become the best skilled artists

Although they are skilled workers, they are welcome of people in others country, they still remember villages and their country In other day, 03 brothers meet each other at country The meeting is sad and happy They moved to country to live each other, 03 brothers brings their experience in line with their knowledge to produce jewelry by hand In order to sell the goods, they open a shop named “jewelry” The silver and gold products are careful created the have brand name They have a lot of jobs to do, 03 brothers go home and teach for many people in village and work together So, the people in Dinh Cong village have gold and silver job, teach many people from this generation to other generation So, Dinh Cong village is famous for all country named jewelry Dinh Cong

As we see that gold and silver are valuable materials about beauty jewelry by hand When jewelry skilled worker makes more beauty and art products such as hand ring, earning, round ring, neck round belt with many colors and many shape having contribution to the beauty of women The tools

of households and wine, tea…for Buddha, temple having high value such as: carved, silver and gold with many different lines, drawings, small and precise decoration based on many other matters In real story of people wrote the poet about Dinh Cong jewelry job “Ceramics Bat Trang, gold workers Dinh Cong, Bronze NguXa workers” They are proud of traditional job, Dinh Cong people learnt by heart and wrote about song and poet “His village has jewelry workers / Let him made ring for his darling to use hand” Remember the help

of inventor of jewelry, many jewelry workers in Dinh Cong before moved to city to earn money to build the construction of temple Now, temple is 51 at

32

Hang Bac Street In the beginning year of century, the people in Dinh Cong sold the temple of owner of Tu Ky fire and brings money to build a majestic and splendid building temple next to the tutelary for Holy Dong HyHau Duc

Vu Dai Vuong

To remember the contributions of inventors for teaching people in Dinh Cong village, people set up the temple, considered three brothers (TranHoa, Tran Dien, TranDien) as Inventor of jewelry So, if anyone opens shop of jewelry, purchasing by gold, silver that name of shop always enclosed the word “jewelry” together

2.2.2 Some opinions about inventor of jewelry

Now, in some science masterpiece, books and magazines give out many ideas about inventors of jewelry in Vietnamese Country Some people think that, the inventors of jewelry are three brothers(TranHoa, Tran Dien, TranDien) in Dinh Cong villages The main author is Vuong Hoang Tuyen

“Silver workers, the inventor of this job are three brothers: Tran Hoa, Tran Dien, TranDien They learnt silver made job from China bringing into Vietnam in the Century VI” [27, page 6] Many stories in Hanoi tell about the same opinions with the author However, many authors Nguyen Trong Van and Nguyen Dac Xuan believe that: “up to the end of century XVIII, gold and silver jewelry workers are Chinese, they kept their job to monopolize, Mr Cao Dinh Do in Thanh Hoa province works as workers of making Bronze lays covering less value money He wears to become Chinese person to learn job He is so intelligent that Mr Do catches some secret decision to pour forms and produced many kinds of tools to get the liquid out of forms Mr Do teaches carefully for his children Mr Cao Dinh Huong and a lot of nephews and children So, jewelry job gradually was learnt by Vietnamese people Two men called the castle by Quang Trung King to make human subjects and continue to serve under the leadership of Gia Long King when he died (Mr

33

Cao Dinh Do died on February 28 Canh Ngo (1810) and Mr Cao Dinh Huong died on February 8th Tan Ty (1821)) Keeping on jewelry job, two men now have seven generations, he considered two men as the first person and the second person inventor of jewelry as well as set up temple in Hue city under the leadership of Khai Dinh King” [14, page 5-7] and [28, page 10-13]

So, according to that ideas authors think the inventor of jewelry in Vietnam are Mr Cao Dinh Do and Cao Dinh Huong So, the question for matter is three brothers(TranHoa, Tran Dien, TranDien) in Dinh Cong are people of Dinh Cong the first persion in Vietnam? Have a look at historical trend

Some important discoveries of archeology, it is clear that jewelry job is one of many jobs of famous handicraft of Vietnam appears earlier over 2000 years Nam Viet Vuong tomb discovered on June and dig the old things up on August to October in 1983, on the old land is the capital of PhienNgung of Vietnam Country determined many things of Bronze here (including compounds Bronze – Tin – Lead) absolutely in line with Vietnamese style –it

is typical symbol of DongSon style, they are not confused with Bronze things

of Trung Nguyen or below driver of water Duong Tu belong to Han Dynasty (China) According to scientific report including two parts (documents and image) printed in Beijing (China) by Van Vat Publishing House in 1991 determined a of bells including 8 bells carved the name

“Vănđếcửuniênnhạcphủcôngtạo”, it means Van De Dynasty the seventh year, handmade workers at music instrument’s small warehouse Hoang Cung produced Technique and decorations on many things researched by Chinese scientists such as: Spray Au on Bronze things, painting on Bronze things and use tools to dig the hole up on Bronze things to carved valuable stone This is technology and decoration that contemporary Vietnamese prefer In the century II before Christ, at old tomb number 18 Thien Vuong belongs to period of iron early in Dong Son culture, they have 48 seeds of valuable

34

stones, 03 golden rings and 02 silver rings So, from 200 years before Christ Vietnamese people made superior silver and gold jewelry with high technique, cover golden layer on color metal (Bronze), due and carved gold (seal of king), painting and carved valuable stone on Bronze

According to Chinese Researcher, technique and decoration on many things such as covered gold layer on Bronze This is technique and decoration that Vietnamese people prefer According to the books of China wrote about Vietnam always appreciate GiaoChau people (Nam of Vietnam Country ago)

As we can see that in GiaoChau, there are a lot of gold, silver valuable stone and the production of handmade beauty crafts develops rapidly In the year of

187 – 226 after Christ, the Chinese officials received and brought many gifts

in China mainly gold and silver things carefully made Thanks to the demand

of high ranking officials so the production ò beauty crafts by hand made opens more and more

According as the books of China wrote in the period of Te King (479 - 502) once time in some years, GiaoChau must hand in valuable things to the King in China many kinds of gold and silver carefully made

In comparison with “Dai Viet sukytoanthu” of Vietnam in the period of Tien Le period (Le Dai Hanh) wrote “In the period of Tien Le, the king Dai Hanh asked skilled workers in the whole country made carefully gold and silver gifts for China…” [26, page 116] The King asked many skilled workers in country produced many kinds of delicate gifts for the king Tong

As we can see that the jewelry job appears in country earlier and reached high technique and successfully under the leader of Ly – Tran – Le Dynasty So,

up to now the brand name of inventor of jewelry works as “initiative person” cannot find a reply for answer.Thelost ofinvention results in the damage of history of handicrafts in Vietnam

35

So, based on real documents about history before 03 brothers (Tran Hoa, Tran Dien, Tran Dien), in Vietnam there is carved gold and silver job of jewelry So, three brothers (Tran Hoa, Tran Dien, TranDien) could not be inventors of gold and silver beauty job of the whole country, they only are people to invent technology and initial person of handmade handicrafts in Dinh Cong village

2.3.Special presentation of jewelry job in Dinh Cong

2.3.1 Awareness and characters of jewelry skilled workers

The workers of jewelry should be skillful two hands, creative and hard working with any kinds of handmade handicrafts But only jewelry job has special characters so the skilled workers must be good person, having prestige with every people On the other hand, materials produce of jobs are valuable metal things, so it is not easy to find so when the workers need to work carefully, exactly In the life of Vietnamese people, they are not sure that gold and silver are jewelry things that they considered gold and are jewelry things that they considered gold and silver thing as “things kept in house”, they are used to protect their property when they are sick, burning house or if necessary, so the workers of jewelry should work carefully or purchasing directly, they have to be responsible for their products for a long time

So, before in Dinh Cong, if anyone wants to learn the job, they usually spend a long time, about 07 – 08 years Firstly, the pupils must bring rice to the teacher, at the beginning they have do some small things in teacher’s family, at the same time, pupils must see, want to understand and study and then the teacher allows pupils to do simple job to get closed to the job The teacher strictly teaches carefully pupils When he believes the pupils are honest, skillful hand and intelligent the teacher spends all his heart to teach many techniques and skilled action.This is first lesson about technique with pupils of jewelry job

36

2.3.2 Topics of products

For the thousands year of history, there are many generations of jewelry workers in Dinh Cong the children learnt the job by the father made many products, the beautiful value master piece exists in a long time Women have many couple of silver ears in rural and gold neck belt, gold ear ring, rings having flowers on them…of new girls or rich people in the city Everything has flowers beautiful decorations and high technique, vivid from shape to some flowers decorations on jewelry things Many things doesn’t need to carved delicate but they are very beautiful by smooth round or flexible line such as earning, neck ring the people of jewelry in Dinh Cong village ago creates many models typically and traditionally of jewelry products in Dinh Cong with many basic topic like many kinds of handicrafts

as follow:

“Tu Linh” is a kind of decoration models “Tu Linh” includes four animals: Long (dragon), Ly (unicorn), Quy (turtle), Phuong (phoenix) or Ngu (carp), Phuc (bats), Hac (crane), Ho (tiger)…according to many people the decoration model has impact on outside models However, the jewelry workers have imagination and profound feeling with two skilled hands so these products are not similar to foreign products Having only one dragon but jewelry workers carved, making form with many different topics: Long ham Tho (dragon swallow word “tho”), Luong long tranhchau (two dragons fights for valuable stone), Luong long chaunguyet (two dragons sitting down to look

at the moon), Long an (dragon hide in the clouds), Long ngu hi thuy (dragon and carp swimming on the water)…or from many real things, phenomenon small that image Brain combines two skillful hands, jewelry creates many a little and different products Such as leafs of bamboo, flowers or animals, they creates many kinds of decoration on art products for many topics or kind of decoration with many kinds of technique At some temple, on the special