Nghiên cứu quá trình chuyển hóa đất đai và ảnh hưởng của nó tới đời sống của dân cư ven đô trong giai đoạn công nghiệp hóa và hiện đại hóa (Lấy ví dụ một huyện ngoại thành Hà Nội

Su hinh thanh kinh te khdng gian dd thi d Trung Qudc va Viet Nam da thiic day nhieu thay ddi Idn ve cau triic tu nhien, kinh te - xa hoi da ton tai trudc day trong cac lang que tai vimg

OAI HOC QU6C GIA HA NO!

• • •

TRl/C^NG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TU* NHIEN

*4:*4:**4c:tC3|c*:|e:te*:|c:ie:fE:fc

BAG CAO TONG KET DE TAI

NGHIEN Ciru QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI

VA ANH HU^ONG CUA NO TOfI DCJI SONG

CUA DAN Cir VEN DO TRONG GIAI DOAN CONG NGHIEP HOA VA HIEN DAI HOA

(LAY VI DU MOT HUYEN NGGAI THANH H A NOI)

MA SO: QT 06-30

CHU TRI DE TAI: ThS DINH THI BAO HOA

OAI HOC Q u G C G I A H A N ^ TRUNG TAM I M C N G TIN THU viEN

T / I T C

HA NOI - 2007

DAI HOC QU6C GIA HA NOI

TRir^NG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TU" NHIEN

ts' 1^

BAG GAG TONG KET OE TAI

NGHIEN ClTU QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI

VA ANH HirONG CUA NO TOI DCM SONG

CUA DAN Cir VEN DO TRONG GIAI DOAN CONG NGHIEP HOA VA HIEN DAI HOA

• • • •

(LAY v i DU MOT HUYEN NGGAI THANH H A NOI)

MA SO: QT 06-30

Chu tri d^ tai: ThS DINH THI BAG HOA

Nhijng nguai tham gia:

PGS TS Pham Van Cu PCS TS Nguyen Thi Hai ThS Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai

CN Nguyen Van Pha

HA NOI - 2007

TOM TAT BAO CAO

1 TEN DE TAI: NGHIEN ClTU QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI VA AP HU'OfNG CUA NO T d l DCH SONG CUA DAN CU" VEN DO TRONG GIAI DO^ CONG NGHIEP HOA VA HIEN DAI HOA (LAY VI DU M O T HUYEN NGO THANH HA NOI)

Ma s6: QT - 06 -30

2 CHU TRI DE TAI: ThS DINH THI BAO HOA

3 CAN BO PHOI HOP:

PGS TS Pham Van Cu PGS.TS Nguyen Thi Hai ThS Nguyen Thj Thanh Hai

CN Nguyen Van Pha

4 MUC TIEU VA NOI DUNG NGHIEN ClTU

- Nghien ciru qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai qua cac thai ky

- Nghien cuu muc do phat trien kinh te - xa hoi

- Tim hieu su anh huang ciia qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai tai doi song ciia dan cu

5 CAC KET QUA DAT DU^gfC

- Ban db hien trang su dung dat nam 1994, 1999, 2001, 2003

Bands biSn dong sii dung dk cac giai doan 1994-1999, 1999-2001, 2001-2003

- Phan tich dien the ciia qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai

- Ban do danh gia muc do phat trien kinh te - xa hoi

- Phan tich anh huang ciia qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai tai dai song ciia dan cu vt

do thong qua muc do phat trien kinh te - xa hoi

6 TINH HINH KINH PHI CUA DE TAI

- Kinh phi: 15 trieu dong (da quyet loan)

- Thue hien: nam 2006

ABSTRACT

1 Project title: Study on process of land use conversion and its affect to living condition

babitate in the urban fringe area in the period of industrialization and modemization (ca study selected: one district at suburb of Hanoi)

2 Code number: QT - 06 - 30

3 Project manager: Dinh Thi Bao Hoa

4 Objective and contents

Studying on land use conversion over time

Studying on level of socio-economic development at commune/village

- Analyse the affect of land use conversion to socio-economic development

5 Achieved results

- Land use map date 1994, 1999, 2001, 2003

- Map of land use change during 1994-1999, 1999-2001, 2001 -2003

Analyse process of land use conversion

Map of socio-economic development level

Analyse relationship between land use conversion and level of socio-economi development

6 Research fund and duration

- Reseach fund: 15.000.000 VND (financal balance closed)

- Duration: 2006

Faculty of geography approved Project manager

Dinh Thi Bao Hoa

Hanoi University of Science approved

iVlU^^ L U ^ ^

L DAT VAN DE 9

II TONG QUAN CAC VAN DE VE QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI VA ANH

HU'dNG CUA NO TOI DCH SONG CUA DAN CI/ VEN DO 10

• i ^ \

11.1 Van de chuyen hoa dat dai thyc %\s ia diem nong tai cac vung ven do 10

II.1.1.Vung ven do 10

11.1.2 NhOng van de nay sinh tai vung ven do 14

11.2 Tac dong cua qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai 14

11.3 Xu hu'O'ng phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tai cac vung ven do thj 15

IL4 Mo hinh ly thuyet nghien ciru cac viing ven do 16

II.4.1 Ly thuyet cue tang trucmg 16

n.4.2 Thien lech do thi 17

U.S Mot so hirong nghien ciiu ve viing ven do da duffc thue hien 17

IIL QUAN DIEM VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 18

III.l Quan diem nghien ciiu 18

III.l.L Quan die'm lich sir 18

111.1.2 Quan diem he thong ve van de sir dung dat 19

III 1.3 Quan diem t6ng hap 19

III.l.4 Quan diem phat trien bdn vung 19

IIL2- Phuang phap nghien ciiru 19

in.2.1 Phuang phap nghien cihi dieu tra tong hap 19

IIL2.2 Phuang phap thong ke 20

111.2.3 Phuang phap dieu tra xa hoi hoc 20

111.2.4 Phuang phap viln tham - ban d6 va he thong tin dia ly 20

IV QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI HUYEN THANH TRI - HA NOI 20

IV.l Dac diem di^u kien tu nhien va kinh xk - xa hoi djnh hinh su dung dat khu vyc Thanh

Tri ; \ ; 20

IV.1.1 Thanh Tri va moi quan he vdi noi do Ha Noi 20

IV.1.2 Dac die'm dia chat khu vuc Thanh Tri xet duai goc do dia chat cong trinh 22

IV.1.3 Dac diem dia mao khu v\xc Thanh Tri 23

IV.1.4 Dia hinh ^ 23

IV.1.5 Khi hau, thuy van 24

IV.1.6 Dac diem tho nhuang khu vuc Thanh Tri 25

IV.1.7 Dac die'm dieu kien kinh te - xa hoi 25

a Dan c u - l a o dong 25

b Kinh le - xa hoi ; 26

IV.l Nghien ciru qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai khu vyc Thanh Tri 29

IV.2.i ap dung phuang phap vien tham ket hap GIS nghien cihi qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai

tai khu vuc Thanh Tri 29

IV.2,2 ling dung phuang phap viSn tham va mo hinh hoa ban d6 nghien ciiru xu hudng bien

d6ng sir dung dit huyen Hianh Tri 29

IV.2.3 D^ xua't di6u chinh sir dung dat de tien tori quy hoach nam 2010 33

IV.2.4 Danh gia tinh hinh sir dung dat trong giai doan trudc va sau nam lap quy hoach (1994

-2001 va 2001-2003) * 34

IV.2.5 Chuyen hoa dat dai va moi quan he ciia no tdi dac diem phat trien kinh te - xa hoi 37

IV.2,6 M6t s6 nguyen nhan dSn tdi bie'n dpng sir dung da't 46

V.l Dieu tra tinh hinh phat trien kinh te - xa hoi ciia ngvoi dan viing ven do - khu vyc

Thanh Tri, Ha Noi 47

V.2 Phan tich du lieu va thanh lap ban do mire do phat trien kinh te - xa hoi khu vyc

Thanh Tri 48

V.2.1 Phan kieu kinh te - xa hoi cua cac thon trong huyen 48

V.2.2 Ban d6 miic dp phat trien kinh te - xa hoi khu vuc Thanh Tri 50

VI K6'T Q U A V A BAN LUAN 50

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 56

MUC LUC BANG BIEU

Bang 1 Bien dpng sir dung dat huyen Thanh Tri giai doan 1994 - 1999 34

Bang 2 Bien dpng sir dung dat huyen Thanh Tri giai doan 1999-2001 34

Bang 3 Bien dpng sir dung dat huyen Thanh tri giai doan 2001 - 2003 35

Bang 4 Toe dp bien dong sir dung dat trung binh (ha/nam) qua cac giai doan 36

Bang 5 Dubao bien dpng sir dung dat 36

Bang 6 Cac kieu chuyen d6i sir dung dat 37

Bang 7 So luang va toe do tang trudng binh quan gia tri san xuat do huyen quan ly giai

doan 1991 - 2000 (Tinh theo gia c6 dinh nam 1994) 40

Bang 8 Gia tri san xuat nong - lam - thiiy san huyen Thanh Tri (dan vi: trieu d6ng theo gia c6

dinh nam 1994) 40

Bang 9 Ca cau gia tri san xuat cong nghiep va xay dung phan theo cap quan ly 41

Bang 10 Gia trj san xuat cong nghiep nho ngoai quoc doanh huyen Thanh Tri 41

Bang 11 Doanh so ban le hang hoa va tong thu ngan sach tren dia ban huyen (dan vi: trieu

dong theo gia codinh nam 1994) 42

Bang 12 Chi tieu phat trie'n kinh te theo nganh (%) 44

Bang 13 Chi tieu ca cau phat trie'n kinh te huyen Thanh Tri (%) 44

Bang 14 Chuyen dich ca cau kinh te huyen Thanh Tri (%) 44

Bang 15 Phan kieu kinh te - xa hoi theo thon/xa 49

Bang 16 Chuyen hoa dat dai a cac thon c6 tan suat bien dpng sir dung dat a muc 2 (m^) 52

MUC LUC HINH VE Hinh 1 Thanh Tri - Vi tri viing nghien ciru 22

Hinh 2 Ban d6 chi sd MSI phan tich Xix ban d6 sir dung da't xa Linh Nam 31

Hinh 3 Ban d6 chi so MSI phan tich tir ban d6 sir dung da't xa Dai ang 31

Hinh 4 Ban d6 chi s6 MSI phan tich tir ban d6 sir dung da't xa Lien Ninh 31

Hinh 5 Gia tri MSI nam 2001 * 32

Hinh 6 Gia tri MSI nam 2003 32 Hinh 7 Bie'n d6ng gia tri MSI giai doan 2001 -2003 32

Hinh 8 Tin s6 xuat hien cua gia tri MSI 33

Hinh 9 Bie'u d6 the hien su chuyen hoa luan phien giua cac ki^u sir dung da't 38

Hinh 10 fii^u d6 the hien chuye'n hoa sang da't xay dung vk giao th6ng 38

Hinh 11 Bieu do the hien da't xay dung 6n dinh sau quy hoach 39

Hinh 12 Bieu 66 the hien da't xay dung 6n dinh tru6c quy hoach 39

Hinh 13 Bieu d6 the hien su chuyen hoa sang dat d 39

(dan vi: trieu d6ng theo gia c6 dinh nam 1994) 41

Detai:

NGHIEN CUU QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI VA

ANH HUONG CUA NO T 6 | DOI SONG CUA DAN CU VEN DO TRONG

GIAI DOAN CONG NGHIEP HOA VA HIEN DAI HOA

• • • • (LAY v i DU M p T HUYEN NGOAI THANH HA NOI)

I DAT VAN DE

Bao cao tinh hinh phat trien ciia the giai nam 2003 nhan dinh rang trong 50 nam qua, dan so the giai tang 3,5 ti nguai trong do 85% dong gop tir cac nuac dang phat trien Tang dan so do thi la do tang tu nhien, do di cu tir nong thon ra thanh thj va ca con so nhung nguai song a nhirng viing nong thon vai mat dp dan so cao tai vung ven do Cung trong bao cao nay, van de dat ra la a cho phat trien c6 nghia la lam the nao de dam bao viec lam va chat lugng cupc song tot hon cho tat ca nhung nguai dan Khi cac quoc gia tra nen giau c6 thi sir doi hoi tang san lugng gan lien vai su chuyen dich tir qua phu thuoc vao nong nghiep nhu la mot nguon thu nhap chinh chuyen sang thu nhap tir cac boat dong phi nong nghiep de giam ap lire doi vai dat dai Dieu nay ciing dong nghTa vai viec di chuyen dan cu tir nong thon ra thanh thi va nhieu van de nay sinh tai vung dat giap ranh

do thi - nong thon la khong iranh khoi Cac van de nay neu khong dugc quan tarn chu y se dan tai cac hau qua dang tiec nhu tinh trang ngheo doi, bat cong va 6 nhiem moi truang

Ha Noi la thu do, trung tarn kinh te, khoa hpc ky thuat va van hoa cua ca nude, c6

vi tri chien luge dac biet, c6 vai tro quan trpng trong sir tang truang kinh te va giao luu vdi cac nuac tren the giai Trong cong cupc doi mdi cua dat nude sang nen kinh te' thi trucmg theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghla, cimg vdi qua trinh cong nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa, su gia tang dan so qua nhanh da day nhanh qua trinh do thi hoa a cac huyen ven do, gay nhieu khd khan trong cong tac quan ly do thi noi chung, dat dai noi rieng, khien cho nhieu khu vuc dang phat trien theo chieu hudng xau va khong ben virng

Thanh Tri - mot huyen ven do, cira ngo phia nam ciia Thii do Ha Noi, c6 vi tri dac biet quan trpng, la diem nut luu thong giira Thii do Ha Noi va cac tinh phia bdc vdi cac tinh mien trung va mien nam ciia nude ta Trong nhimg nam qua, ke tir khi thue hien chinh sach ddi mdi, su phat trien d Thanh Tri da va dang dem Iai hieu qua kinh le cho Thii do Ha

Ndi Tuy nhifin, ben canh nhung ket qua dat dugc, Thanh Tri dang phai doi mat vdi nhieu

khd khSn, trong sd' do v ^ d6 khai thac tran Ian va six dung khdng hgp ly dat dai din den

mdi tnrdng hi suy thoai mdt each nghiem trong ca ve chf^t lln ve lugng, dem Iai hieu qua siJf dung d& tha'p, tham chi ddi noi con lam xa'u di canh quan dd thi Ket qua la ddi sdng

kinh t^ - van hoa - xa hdi cua ngudi dan dia phuang khdng dugc dam bao, vi the lam anh hudng de'n su phat trie'n cua Thanh Tri, Ha Ndi ndi rieng va ca nude ndi chung Vi the, nghien cihi qua trinh chuyen hda dat dai va anh hudng ciia no tdi ddi sdng ciiat dan cu d huySft ven dd nay la mdt vSfn d^ ca'p bach

n TONG QUAN CAC VAN DE VE QUA TRINH CHUYEN HOA DAT DAI VA ANH HU'dNG CUA NO TOfI DOfl SONG CUA DAN CU" VEN DO

II.l Van de chuyen hoa dat dai thvc su- la diem nong tai cac vung ven do

a Vung ven do

Trong nhixng nam 1940, nhirng thay ddi tai nhimg viing ven do ciia cac thanh phd thu hut sir tap trung chii y ciia cac nganh lien quan tdi sir phan bd ciia chiing tren khdng gian, dang chii y la dia ly dd thi dien ra ca d Hoa Ky va cac nude Tay Au Mdt ITnh yuc quan trong ciia cac nghien ciiu do thi la tap trung nghien ciru qua trinh tao hinh tai viing ven do, dang chii y tai nai gap nhau ciia dd thi va nong thon

Thuat ngir vimg ven do dugc cac nha dia ly My sir dung Ian dau tien nham md ta nhirng thay ddi dan cu d Louisiana giira nhimg nam 40 va nhirng nam 50 Trong nhiing nam nay, thuat ngii viing ven do dugc chap nhan rat rpng rai trong cac tai lieu khoa hpc vdi nghla la mdt vimg nai sir tang trudng do thi thii cap dang dien ra va la nhirng noi cd dac diem su dung dat pha trpn ca cho nong thon va dd thi, tao ra mot vung chuyen tiep giira thanh phd va lang mac (Johnson, 1974:4)

\ r r y y / y »

Mot dieu chac chan rang sir pha tap ve su dung dat, cac dieu kien ve dja mao va mat dp xay dung, cac mdi quan he mang tinh td hgp ve chiic nang va sir bien dpng cau true xa hdi cua cac viing ven dd nay dugc xac lap de bat dau nhiJng tranh luan khd hieu, phiic tap ve ranh gidi ca hpc cung nhu nhiitig gidi han ve khai niem ciia viing ven do Nhirng no lire dau tien nham cd gang dua ra khai niem chinh xac ve mot.hien tugng dd thi ngoai vi (peri-urban) chu yeu tir cac nghien ciru thii nghiem d My Mot tiep can theo chiic nang va dien mao ciia viing dd thj dugc luu tam dua tren cac phan tich ve dac diem nhu

mat do, dien mao va su dung dat bien ddi theo kieu phat tan tir phia dd thi Dieu nay da thach thue cac nha dja ly nong thon va cac nha dia ly nhan van ve canh quan chuyen tiep giua thanh phd va lang mac khdng nhat thiet phai la ket qua ciia siic hiit dd thi, trimg lap vdi thuat ngix rurban hoac ruralurban

Tdi nam 1958, Kurtz va Eicher cd gang phan biet "viing ven dd" vdi "ngoai d" trong khi dd Wissink (1962) da tien xa hon vdi nhan djnh ve "gia ngoai d", ve tinh va gia V? tinh, npi va ngoai cua vung ven do Trong so do cdn cd Andrew (1942) da tach biet viing ven dd va viing ven do thi nong thon, cdn Duncan va Reiss (1956) xem xet nhirng lanh dia bao quanh thanh phd khong la viing nong thon khdng cd trang trai thi la vimg trang trai nong thon

Vao cudi nhixng nam 1960, Pryor (1968) thii dung sir thay ddi nhu mot ket qua va mot thuat ngir td hgp dugc sii dung de dinh nghia su thay ddi nay vdi mot bac mdi dua tren su phan tich nhimg giai doan khac nhau theo su xac lap su dung dat, tire la su phan biet giira viing ngoai vi dd thi va ngoai vi ndng thdn

Ngoai vi dd thj la nhirng vimg cd mat do dan cu, mat dp thuang nghiep va cdng nghiep cao hon miic trung binh cua cac viing dd thj va ndng thdn, cung nhu la nhirng viing cd ti le tang trudng dan so cao hom, cac qua trinh chuyen ddi su dung dat linh boat hon va cac loai hinh mdng manh cua cac mang ludi truyen thong va giao thong giira cac viing dan cu sinh sdng va noi lam viec

Ngugc Iai, ngoai vi ndng thdn cd dac tinh la mat dp dan cu thap ban, ti le giira phan dat bo hoang va dat canh tac Idn ban, toe dp tang trudng dan cu cham ban, cac qua trinh bien dpng su dung dat va chuyen hda dat dai kem linh boat ban va hang ngay deu cd

su luan chuyen ve phia dd thi

Ben canh cac dinh nghla ca hpc ve viing ven, vao nam 1965, Pahl di tdi xac djnh

nd la ket qua rieng cua cac qua trinh xa hdi, chii yeu la do sir di cu ciia cac gia dinh tang Idp trung luu ve phia thanh phd va xac lap phong each sdng dd thi

Theo tdng ket cua John vd nnk (1995), dinh cu tai '^'ung ven" dugc mo ta la

"khdng gian nai lien ket giira thi tran va lang mac" (Mortimore, 1975), "khu vuc dinh cu

nam giaa c^c cue dd thj" (Prioui 1977), "su tich tu ngheo kho" (Peil 1975), "lang ciia dd thi Idn" (van der Berg 1982), "vknh dai cua su ngheo khd" (Granotier, 1980) va "nai 6 chudt ciia su th^t vgng" (Stokes 1962)

Cudi nhutig nam 80, hudng nghien curu vung ven dd d cac nude dang phat tri^n dugc dat ra, bat dSu tir chau Phi Co quan phat tri^n ndng thdn cua td chiic phat tri^n loan

cdu (Office of Rural and Institutional Development - GRID) da cha'p nhan khai niem ''ven

do Id viing ndng dong lien ket giiia nong thon vd do thi, nai md cdc hoqt dong hS tra da dang CO the kich thich su tdng truang kinh texa han cho cd hai vung "

vao nam 1989, Agency for International Development - AID cd nhiem vu nghien ciJu danh gia gia thuyet nay Ket qua nghien curu lam rd van de v^ qua trinh md rdng dd thi va su phan ki^u kinh te - xa hdi theo 299 miu di6u tra tir hd gia dinh sdng tai ven cac

thii dd Bangkok, Jakata va Santiago ciia Chi Le

Theo mdt tai lieu khac, vung ven dd dugc hieu la nhirng khu dan cu kien tnic ndng thdn, cd kinh te' phat trien nhd vao viec san xuat, cung ling cho dd thi va cd miic dd dd thi hda nhanh chdng, bi anh hudng true tie'p bdi su phat trie'n d trung tam dd thi, dd chinh la xac xa, huyen thudc thanh pho hoac lien ke thanh phd Idn

Viing ven dd cdn dugc nhan dinh la khu vuc chuyen tiep giiJa khdng gian dd thi mdi va cii, la ncri chira dung nhirng gia tri van hda va lich sir trudc va sau (Thinh tai nai day dien ra su bien ddi phiic tap ve khdng gian va kinh te - xa hdi qua cac giai doan thang tram cua qua trinh dd thi hoa Qua trinh dd thi hda tuy tao ra su thay ddi dien mao trong

nen kinh te d day nhung ciing de Iai nhirng thach thiic khdng nhd the hien d nhu cau su

dung ddt, nhu ci\x \t su phat trien mot ca sa ha tdng dong bg, nhu cau ve chdt luang dan

so the hien d sir thich ling vdi mdt trinh dp phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi mdi dong thdi van phdi bao ton vd gin g//?nhiJng gia trj van hda, lich sir va ton giao cho mudn ddi sau

Ben canh dd, cd nhieu phuang phap djnh nghTa cac viing tien dd thj, MDP (2001b) nhan dinh 4 loai dua tren:

- Tieu chi ca hpc bao gom loai hinh dudng pho va mat dp nha d

- Tieu chi chirc nang xoay quanh cac he thong truyen thong, mire dp viec lam va mang ludi giao thong

- Tieu chi xa hdi va tam ly xa hdi gan vdi su xac lap chat lugng cudc sdng dd thj va

ddi song xa hgi chung cua con ngudi

- Tieu chi hanh chinh tu ranh gidi hanh chinh

Nghien ciiu di^n hinh ve su thay ddi dien ra tai viing ven dd cung dugc Micheal

Leaf (2002) tie'n hanh tai hai khu vuc d Trung Quoc va Viet Nam trong bdi canh toan cSu

hoa Tac gia da nhan djnh rang cac thanh phd d Viet Nam va Trung Qudc bdc Id su thay

ddi nhanh chdng tren phuang dien "kinh te khong gian do thi" ma trudc day chua h^ cd Day mdt p h ^ la do su md rdng Ian toa tir nhan dd thi vi hudng ngoai d ciing vdi su dao

ddng ciia Ian sdng dan di cu tuf vung ndng thdn Vi the' nhin nhan va'n d€ nay khdng ih^

tach khoi bdi canh ciia dd thi Cac qua trinh dien ra hay cac kidu thay ddi cd the' nhan tha'y

tai vung gd do thi nay phai dugc gdn vdi vung dd thi rdng Idn nhu la mdt mdng khong gian

chuyen tiep, bao gom noi do doi mai vd tdi phat trien, do thi hod tai cho vd su phdn hod ngdy cdng tdng ciia cdc loai hinh sut dung ddt Bien ddng dd thi tai hai qudc gia nay cd the

hie'u la ket qua cua qua trinh toan cSu hoa dang tie'p dien An dudi qua trinh nay qua trinh

dd thi hoa tai cac lang tien dd thi - mdt dau hieu quan trpng va la tieu chi nhan biet each xac lap phong each sdng kie'u dd thi d timg qudc gia

Su hinh thanh kinh te khdng gian dd thi d Trung Qudc va Viet Nam da thiic day nhieu thay ddi Idn ve cau triic tu nhien, kinh te - xa hoi da ton tai trudc day trong cac lang que tai vimg "gd" ciia nhieu thanh phd Dieu dd the hien d sir da dang cua cac canh quan dan xen nhau vdi mat dp day dac hem tai cac lang tien dd thi, su hoa trpn san sat ciia cdng nghiep quy md nhd vdi cac boat dpng thuang nghiep, dan cu va ndng nghiep Van de mdi trudng da dugc dat ra khdng chi do sir ma't mat hay sir xao trpn cua cac viing ndng nghiep tien dd thi ma cdn d su yeu kem ve kha nang kidm soat mdi trudng cua cac boat dpng cdng nghiep

Chac chan viing tien dd thj la mot khai niem gan vdi mot viing hoac mot dien tich noi ma qua trinh phat trien dd thj va ndng thdn gap nhau Tai noi nay thudng khdng mang tinh ken dac ma la lanh dia phat tan bao gom cac ddi tugng va hien tugng dugc hinh thanh phan Idn do-cac boat dpng trong ban than dd thi

Su phat triSn cac viing tien do thi la ket qua khdng the tranh khdi ciia qua trinh dd

r ^ y

thi hda Khi cac thanh phd d cac nude dang phat trien tang trudng, cac vung tien dd thj di

chuyen nhu cac Ian sdng

b Nhirng van de nay sinh tai vung ven do

Cac van de ndi bat ma nghien cuu cu the tai cac viing ven do d Thai Ian, Malaysia

va Chi Le da cho thay la:

-: da so nhimg ngudi dan sdng tai vung ven do cd thu nhap thap, di cu tir ndng thdn

hoac tir nhung lang / thj tran cua cac tinh

- Hinh anh vk dan cu tai day la ddng nhat ve xa hdi ciing nhu kinh te vdi rat it sir

khac biet

- Cd sir ddng gdp cua cua khoan thu nhap khdng chinh nghia va sir lien ket dang chii

y vdi ndng nghiep

- Day la mdt khdng gian chuyen tiep ve kinh te va xa hdi, viing ven do la khdp ndi

kinh te dd thj va ndng thdn, tao ca hdi cd mdt khdng hai de kich thich su tang

trudng cho ca hai viing

Anh hudng ciia qua trinh chuyen hda dat dai tdi sir suy giam tai nguyen va su hinh

thanh viing dd thj md rpng d Jakarta da dugc Firman(1997) nhan manh Su md rpng ciia

qua trinh chuyen hda dat dai da de dpa nghiem trpng tdi mdi trudng va su phat trien ben

virng ciia toan viing

II.2 Tac dong cua qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai

Ca quan phat trien qudc gia d Anb (The UK dept for international development

-DFID) hien dang hd trg chuang trinh "peri-urban interface production system - PUI" trong

chien luge nghien ciiu tai nguyen tai tao dugc Dan vi quy hoach phat trien (development

planning unit - DPU) dugc chi djnh tham gia trong chuang trinh nay vdi hudng nghien

ciiu tap trung vao "Quan ly va quy hoach mdi trudng" nham giam ddi ngheo va giam thieu

cac va'n de mdi trudng d nhimg nai nay Hai mang tdng quan chinh gan lien vdi PUI da

dugc cap nhat, vdi cac danh gia ve tam quan trpng cua PUI va ca tinh trang ddi ngheo Cd

nghla la cac phan tdng quan se la mot loai tai lieu quan trpng ve hai mang ihiir nhat la van

de ddi ngheo va thu hai la van de tai nguyen va quan ly tai nguyen tai PUI

d^u cdn xa su that Nottingham va liverpool Universities (1998) coi cac dinh nghla ve PUI la mdng manh va khdng phii hgp vi the' da lam ban che nhimg nghien cuu chuyen sau v^ v^n de nay Racodi cho rang it cd nhiing nghien ciiu ve PUI va cac nghien ciiu dugc thue hien tha't thudng vdi cac miic do ndng sau khac nhau

van d^ ddi ngheo va suy thoai mdi trudng dugc nhan dinh la se rat sau sac sd viing PUI ban ba't cu: nai nao khac Day la ket qua cua qua trinh tdng hgp hoac tuang tac giiia cac mat ciia v ^ de d ca dd thi va ndng thdn va vi the qua trinh nay dang trd nen ngay cang sau sac han tai PUI

II.3 Xu hvang phat trien kinh te - xa hoi tai cac viing ven do thi

d cac nude dang phat trien, van de ndng nghiep dd thj la quan trong, van de

ndng nghiep dd thj quan trpng vi nd lam giam bdt sir phu thudc nhap khau thue pham

d% nudi dudng dan cu dd thj dang tang trudng manh

Nen kinh te nay tdn tai nhieu mdi quan he mac dii nd khdng can phai xuat hien trong cac tai lieu thdng ke Sir bd tri sir dung dat trong trudng hgp nay la rat can thiet

de tao ca hdi cho san xuat thue pham dd thj

Ddi tugng tham gia boat ddng ndng nghiep dd thj khdng chi la dan ngheo do thj

ma cdn ca cac thanh vien bac trung luu 90% vudn nha va cac canh ddng xa thi tran dugc dung de canh tac va trong rau cho cac gia dinh, day la mdt phuang thiic thu nhap (tiet kiem) Cac thanh vien d bac trung liru d cac viing mat dp vira phai va cac viing mat dp thap chu yeu boat ddng chan nudi, ho ban sura, triing - day la phuang thirc bao toan tieu chuan sdng trong bdi canh lam phat

Ndng nghiep dd thi ciing lau ddi nhu cac thanh phd cua nd Nhdm thu nhap thap da tham gia ndng nghiep do thj va lay dd lam giai phap sdng cdn Hoat dpng nay xem ra la mdt van de ban la mdt giai phap Bdi the ndng nghiep dd thj rat it hoac tham chi khdng nhan dugc su hd trg tir chinh quyen Nhung cd nhieu nghien ciru cho thay ndng nghiep dd thj true tiep dem Iai su an toan ve thirc pham cho gia dinh va gian tiep dem Iai thu nhap Ngoai ra NNDT cdn dem Iai ca hdi viec lam, sir dung mot phan chat thai va tai tao Iai Mac dii vay, chinh quyen van coi NNDT la hoat dong trai phap luat

II.4 Mo hinh ly thuyet nghien ciru cac viing ven do

11.4.1 Ly thuyet cxtc tang trirdng

Ly thuySt cue tang trudng dua tren Idng tin ciia chinh phii d cac qudc gia dang

phat triln vl sir phat triln kinh xk se dat dugc tir nhirng dSu tu manh me trong cdng

nghiep d cac trung tam dd thi Idn Sir tang trudng nay dugc du kien se md rdng ra cac viing ndng thdn trong qua trinh phat tri^n viing (Rondinelli, 1985; Unwin, 1989)

Kinh nghiem cho thiy khd ma dat dugc thanh cdng khi ly thuylt ve cue tang trudng gan vdi quy hoach tir tren xudng, qua tap trung vao cdng nghe cao va phat trien cdng nghiep dd thi

Douglass tdng kit su phan chia hanh ddng khi ca sd cua cac ly thuyet ve cue tang trudng trong quy hoach phat trien tdi tir:

- Nhirng nam 50, cac tranh luan tap trung vao vai trd ky sinh hoac lam san sinh ra ciia cac thj trSn ddi vdi viing dat ndng thdn sau lung nd, chap nhan rang sir tang trudng kinh te va bien dai hda yeu cau phai chuyen mdt lugng du thira tir bd phan ndng nghiep sang cdng nghiep, vi the lam hai hda giira sir chiem dpat cac tai nguyen ndng thdn, vdn va lao ddng ciia cac thanh phd

- Vao cudi nhirng nam 50, cac tranh luan xem xet mot md hinh thich hgp dua tren su phan hda khdng gian va mdi quan he trung tam - ngoai vi

11.4.2 Thien lech do thi

Da sd cac ddi khang d cac nude ngheo tren the gidi khdng phai giira vdn - lao ddng, ciing khdng phai giira mdi quan tam cua nude ngoai va ban dja ma la giira vimg ndng thdn vadd thj

Nhan djnh ca ban cua Lipton ve thien lech dd thj la dan cu do thi cd nhieu quyen lire ban dan cu ndng thdn, cd kha nang lam chech hudng sir chia se tai nguyen cho chinh ho va ddi lap vdi bd phan ndng thdn

II.5 Mot so hvdrng nghien ciru ve vung ven do da dvorc thvc hien

1 Td chiic danh gia viec ki^m soat dd thi hda quy md qudc gia vie't tat la NUMA (National Urbanization monitoring assessment) da thue hien cdng trinh nghien cihi ve su chuyen tir ndng thdn sang thanh thi thdng qua dd thi hda

h»p://rockvitr.cr.usgs.gov/rmgsc/pdf/numa.pdf

NghiSn cihi bat d^u bang viec thanh lap ban dd tiep tuc chuyen ddi tir ndng thdn sang thanh thj vao nam 1974 da sap xep cac dia hat vao mdt trong 4 loai sau: dd thj, dd thj thii sinh, dd thi md rdng va ndng thdn d^ nghien ciiu cac vSh d^ sau:

- cac vung dd thi tiep tuc la ddng luc kinh te' dan tdi dd thi hda vung

- dinh hinh dd thi cd the' I2[y theo ngudng mat dp va su phat tri^n ca sd ha t ^ g

- dd thi hoa xua't hien nhanh ban d cac vimg dd thi md rdng khi so sanh vdi 3 virng cdn Iai

- Cac viing kinh te' phat trie'n manh nha't va cd miic dp tang trudng dan tdc hgc cao nha't se la ddng luc dd thi hoa nhanh nhat

Di giai quyet td't cac va'n de nay, cac gia thiet nghien cuu da dugc dat ra:

1 Cd phai td'c dd tang trudng dd thj, loai hinh dd thi va su chuye'n ddi sir dung da't d cac viing kinh te khac nhau se khac nhau?

2 Cd phai dd thj boa bien ddi phu thudc vao cac viing thdng ke quan trpng trong mot viing kinh te?

3 Sir chuyen ddi sir dung da't dugc su dung de du doan su chuyen ddi ndng nghiep

L)A H O C Q U O C GiA r-A N Q i

gia thu6 d^t ndng nghiep Ket qua cho tha'y chuyen hda da't dai tang len ciing vdi su tang cua thu nhap va dan sd nhung nd khdng anh hudng tdi gia nha, kich ca thira hoac thu nhap ndng nghiep Dieu nay cd nghla la cac chinh sach se lam tang gia thue da't ndng nghiep hoac chi phi xay dung khu dan cu se khdng xac dinh su md rpng cac viing xay dung trii khi thu nhap va dan cu tang len

IIL QUAN DIEM VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ

III.l Quan diem nghien cihi

IIL1.1 Quan diem Ijch sir

Dac didm sir dung da't viing ven dd ciing nhu dac didm sir dung da't dai ndi chung, dugc xac lap tren mot nen tang chinh tri - xa hoi cu thd Su thay ddi hudng sir

dung va khai thac lanh thd phan anh su lua chan cua con ngudi sao cho phii hap vdi

quy da't, nhu cau ciia thj trudng, trinh dp nhan thirc ve chiic nang cua dat dai, su thay ddi the che chinh tri, su thay ddi ve quan he san xuat cung nhu phuang thiic san xuat

Do vay, de tang tinh kha thi ciia phuang an quy hoach sir dung da't viing ven dd, c^n phai tim hieu cac loai hinh sir dung dat trong bdi canh lich sir ciia nd

IIL1.2 Quan diem he thong ve van de surdung dat

Nhin nhan va'n de sir dung hgp ly da't viing ven dd tren quan diem he thdng cd nghia la pham vi nghien ciiu va'n de sir dung hgp ly da't viing ven dd dugc trien khai trong khdng gian dugc coi la mot dia tdng the, tuan theo quy luat phat trien ciia tu nhien, van hanh nhip nhang theo su van dpng ciia xa hdi Nhu vay, su thay ddi mot yeu

td se dan tdi su thay ddi cua toan bp he thdng

Sir dung hgp ly da't viing ven dd la mot he thdng con trong mot he thdng Ian han cua sir dung hgp ly quy da't dai thanh phd Vi the sir dung hgp ly da't vung ven dd phai van hanh nhip nhang de hoa nhap vao cac he thdng Idn ban dong thdi de dam bao qua trinh trao ddi nang lugng, vat chat, thdng tin cua he sinh thai dd thi

III.1.3 Quan diem tong hdp

Cac hgp phan hinh thanh nen cau triic sir dung da't ven do deu nam trong mot mdi quan he thdng qua cac Igi I'ch ve kinh te - xa hoi va moi trudng Xet ve hieu qua sir dung da't, khdng the danh gia rieng timg Igi I'ch ma phai xem xet danh gia tdng hgp Sir dung da't khdng chi nham dat dugc muc tieu kinh te ma pha va mdi trudng tham chi

quen di hidu qua kinh te hay cac tac ddng tdi mdi trudng

III.l.4 Quan diem phat trien ben wQng

Theo FAO, phat tridn ben virng la su khai thac sir dung tai nguyen de thoa man nhu c^u ciia con ngudi hdm nay ma khdng lam tdn hai den cupc sdng cua cac the he mai sau, la su chung sdng hoa binh giira thien nhien va con ngudi Ndi mdt each khac,

phat tridn ben vihig la cdc chuans trinh duac thiet ke' nhdm ndns cao dieu kien sons

cua can nsudi irons khi vdn bao ve tot cdc nsuon tdi nsuyen Dudi gdc dp san xuat, dat

dai la ngudn tai nguyen cd ban nen viec sir dung da't cang phai tuan theo quan di^m phat tridn b^n vung Dudi gdc do la tu lieu sinh boat, dia ban dinh cu cua con ngudi, thi viec sir dung da't phai tao nen mot khdng gian dam bao cac chi sd phat trien cua mot dd thi ben virng

III.2 Phuong phap nghien ciiru

111.2.1 PhUdng phap nghien curu dieu tra tong hdp

Sii' dung phuang phdp nghien ciiu dieu tra tong hap di tien hanh dieu tra khao

sat thue dia ve cac hgp phan tu nhien cung nhu dac die'm kinh te - xa hdi Ket hgp nghien ciiu va phan tfch trong phdng, chiing tdi tim hieu dac diem dac thii ciing nhu sir phan hoa lanh thd ciia vimg nghien ciiu

111.2.2 Phi/dng phap thong ke

Sudung phuang phdp thdng ke de phan tich, danh gia cac dir lieu thdng ke trong

nien giam thdng ke hang nam ciia huyen Thanh Tri va dua ra ket luan ve sir phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua huyen qua cac giai doan Ddng thdi, sir dung phuang phap nay de xir ly cac dfl lieu thdng ke tir cac phieu dieu tra nham dua ra nhirng nhan xet xac dang

ve su phan hoa lanh thd theo miic dp phat trien kinh te - xa hoi

Sut dung phuang phdp dieu tra xd hoi hgc (ddnh gia nhanh nong thon co su tham gia cua ngUdi dan) vdi muc dich thu thap thdng tin qua cac bien de nam dugc tinh hinh

phat tridn kinh te'- xa hoi, qua dd cd dugc nhirng nhan djnh toan dien, dSy du ve khu vuc nghien ciiu

III.2.4 PhiTdng phap vien tham - ban do va he thong tin dja ly

Su dung phuang phdp vien thdm de co duac thdng tin ve hien trang sir dung

da^t/ldp phu mat da't va dd hien chinh ban do dia hinh (cap nhat thdng tin tren ban dd dia hinh) SAdung phuang phdp ban do vd he thong tin dia ly di tich hgp cac md hinh ban dd

va thdng tin tiif cac ngudn khac nham dua ra cac nhan dinh va ket luan sau sac ve qua trinh chuyen boa da't dai tai vimg ven dd - Thanh Tri

IV Qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai huyen Thanh Tri - Ha Noi

IV.L Dac diem dieu kien tu* nhien va kinh te - xa hoi dinh hinh su* dung dat khu vu'c Thanh Tri

IV.1.1 Thanh Tri va moi quan he vdi noi do Ha Noi

Trong dieu chinh quy hoach chung thanh phd Ha Ndi nam 1989, viing ven dd ciia

Ha Ndi nam trong pham vi md rdng cua ndi thanh ve phia nam, tay nam va tay bac la cac

xa thudc huyen Thanh Tri, huyen Sdc San, huyen Gia Lam va huyen Ddng Anh

Thanh Tri la viing ven dd, khdng chi la nai md rpng pham vi ciia Ha Ndi ma cdn la cira ngd phia nam, nai tap trung dau mdi giao thdng quan trpng Chinh vi the trong mdt thdi gian ngan, nhieu du an giao thdng nhu du an Qudc Id IB, Du an Cau Gie, Du an cau Thanh Tri tren dja ban da dugc trien khai Ngoai ra, viing ven dd nay cdn la mdt "bdn chiia nude thai" cua thanh phd, mot dac die'm dac thii chi cd d Thanh Tri Chi rieng khu vuc Van Dien - Cau Buau da tiep nhan khoang 300.000-330.000 mVngay dem nude thai sinh boat chay ra tir ndi thanh, khu cdng nghiep Thugng Dinh nam d phia nam Ha Ndi cung xa vao bon trung Thanh Tri tdng lugng nude 30.000-35.000 mVngay dem va khu cdng nghiep VTnh Tuy vdi tdng lugng nude thai 15.000-18.000 mVngay dem Nhu vay, khac vdi cac viing ven dd phia tay, tay bac Ha Ndi, Thanh Tri la nai tieu thoat nude ciia

Ha Ndi, la dau mdi giao thdng quan trpng, thue sir cd vi tri chien luge ddng gdp vao sir phat trien kinh te cung nhu cupc sdng cua mdi ngudi dan dd thi Tinh trang ngap ling d

Thanh Tri \k mdi de dga mdi trudng cho ngudi dan nai day, dac biet vao nhung ngay mua bao vi lugng nude mua ddn vi cung lugng nude xa thai trong ciing mdt thdi gian ngan khdng tieu thoat kip Chinh vi the' ben canh nhflng du dn phdt trien ca sa ha tdng, a Thanh Tri cdn cd cdc du dn nhdm cdi thien moi trucmg rieng ciia Thanh Tri cflng nhu dam bao mdi trudng chung cua Ha Ndi, di^n hinh la dudn thodt nuac cong vien Yen Sa

Vdi vai trd la vanh dai xanh cung ca'p luang thue, thue ph^m cho ndi thanh, Thanh

Tri diing di\x cac huyen ngoai thanh v^ nang suat trdng rau (30,23 ta'n/ha), thii hai la T&

Lierh 19,11 ta'n/ha va thSip nha't la Sdc San (10,51 ta'n/ha) Tuy dien tich trdng rau ft ban huyen Ddng Anh (1.000 ha) nhung san lugng rau ma Thanh Tri trdng dugc hang nam tuong duang vdi Ddng Anh Dac biet dien tich nudi trdng thuy san d Thanh Tri raft Idn, ga'p ddi Ddng Anh, ga'p 3 Sdc San, ga'p 4 Gia Lam va Tiir Liem

Vi CO ban, Thanh Tri la viing ven dd, ki can ndi thanh, cd lien he mat thiet vdi dd

thi trung tam Ha Ndi thdng qua cac boat ddng san xua't cung cap thue pham cho ndi thanh ddng thdi cd nhjp dap chung vdi Ha Ndi bdi su nhay cam ve mdi trudng

Dii lieu thdng ke cho tha'y chi trong vdng 10 nam (1991-2000) k^ tir khi bat d^u qua trinh "Ddi mdi" the hien tren ITnh vuc phat trie'n kinh te' - xa hdi va luat da't dai thi

dien tich da't ndng nghiep tren toan Thanh phd Ha Ndi giam 2.000 ha do quy hoach va viec thanh lap nhiing quan ndi thanh mdi, rieng d huyen Thanh Tri giam 660,5 ha di md

rdng dat thd cu va da't chuyen dung Nhu vay, Thanh Tri la mdt trong 5 huyen ngoai thanh

Ha Ndi, vdi dien tich khdng Idn da ddng gdp gan 1/3 quy dat cho phat trien dd thj Dieu

dd chiing td rang qua trinh dd thi hoa d huyen Thanh Tri dang dien ra manh me

Vieg kie'm soat tinh hinh sir dung dat d viing nay trong giai doan nay trd nen quan trong ban bao gid het khdng chi vi vj tri quan trpng la cira ngd phi'a nam ciia Thii Dd, la ddu mdi giao thdng quan trpng, la nai thanh Ipc cac chat thai cua ndi thanh ma cdn la vung da't phat trien theo hudng "ndng nghiep - dd thi" nudi dudng ndi thanh

IV.1.2 Dac diem dia chat khu viic Thanh Tri xet di/di gdc do dja chat cong trinh

Ban thuyet minh Atlas Thanh Tri md ta dac diem dia chat cdng trinh khu vuc Thanh Tri dua tren nguyen tac phan chia cac nhdm da't va trat tu phan bd cac Idp da't dia chat cdng trinh theo chieu thing diimg tir tren xudng dudi (vdi tinh chat ca ly phuc vu cho

Hinh 1 Thanh Tri - Vi tri viing nghien ciiu

Theo phan loai da't da dia chat cdng trinh ciia UNESCO thi cd 4 nhdm da't nhung d Thanh Tri chi xuat hien 3 nhdm the hien d 3 khu

Khu I: Khu nay chiem hau het dien tich trong de cua huyen

Dat yeu phd bien khap nai Dieu kien dja chat thuy van rat phiic tap Siic chiu tai cua nen dat trung binh tir 1 - 2 kg/cm^ rat khdng thuan Igi cho xay dung, thudng phai ap dung cac bien phap xir ly gia cd nen mdng

Khu 2: Day la khu trung thap tfch tu sdng hd dam l^y Chiing phan bd rai rac trong huyen

nhu d Dinh Cdng, Hoang Liet, Tir Hiep, Yen My, Ddng My, cd dp cao tir 3 - 5 m Khu vuc nay cung khdng thuan Igi cho xay dung

Khu 3: Day la bai bdi hien dai ven sdng, phan bd thanh dai ngoai de phfa ddng huyen

Thanh Tri Dia hinh cao thap khdng deu, dp cao tuyet ddi tir 5 - 10 m Dieu kien dia chat thuy van cung khac vdi 2 khu tren Nhin chung khu vuc nay khong thich hgp cho xay dung dan dung va cdng nghiep Khi xay dung cdng trinh nhu tram bam thuy Igi, ke,

^ bao ve cdng trinh, han che' su cdng pha cua ddng chay va cac hien tugng dia chat ddng luc

khac

IV.1.3 Die diem dja mao khu virc Thanh Tri

Thanh Tri la mdt phSn nhd ciia chau thd sdng Hdng, dia hinh ndi chung dan dieu Xet v^ hinh thai, phSn Idn dien tfch ciia Thanh Tri la ddng bang tfch tu cd ngudn gdc do sdng hoac sdng hd Xet v^ thdi gian thanh tao Iai chii ye'u trong Holocen, vi vay tren ban

dd dja mao se phan biet nhimg dien tfch tfch tu trSm tich cd thdi gian thanh tao khac nhau

Dac die'm cac dang dia hinh nhu sau: Bai boi cao cua song; Cac go ndi cao; Bai

boi hien dai; Dong bdng tich tu hon hgp song - ho - dam lay

IV.1.4 Dia hinh

Dia hinh d Thanh Tri cd tfnh phan bac doc dao Phan trong de dau dd cdn sdt Iai dien mao tu nhien ciia vung tir trudc khi cd de sdng Hdng vdi cau tao be mat gidng nhu mdt mang trung Mot vi trf dia ly va dia the be mat nhu vay dudng nhu da tien dinh mot each tu nhien chu:c nang kinh te va mdi trudng ciia khu vuc ven dd Thanh Tri

- Khu vuc trong de: dia hinh tuang ddi bang phang, dp chenh cao tuang ddi la 3,7

m

- Khu vuc ngoai de: la mot huyen nam ven sdng Hong, Thanh Tri cd mot dien tfch

kha Idn nam d ngoai de, chii yeu tap trung tai 5 xa: Linh Nam, Yen Sd, Yen My Duyen

.r

., -IV.1.5 Khi hau, thuy van

Nam trong ddng bang Bac Bd, di^u kien khi hau thuy van ciia Thanh Tri mang dac tnmg ciia khf hau thuy van viing ddng bang chau thd sdng Hdng, dd la khf hau nhiet ddi

im, gid miia, cd miia ddng lanh Miia khd keo dai lit thang 10 den thang 4 va miia mua tir

thang 5 de'n thang 9 Hudng gid thdng tri la ddng bac va ddng nam Tdc dp gid cue dai la

20 - 25 m/s trong miia mua Tuy nhien, d ddng bang chau thd sdng Hdng khdng cd mua

khd tuyet dd'i vi dd im quanh nam ludn cao tren 80%, lugng mua trung binh nam khoang

1.500 mm cao han nhi6u so vdi ngudng phan chia viing khd va viing am la 500 mm Tai Trung tam Du bao Khf tugng thuy van (Lang), cac sd lieu quan sal trung binh nam nhu sau: nhiet dd 23,5''C, lugng mua 1674,4 mm, dd ^m 84%, sd gid nang trong ngay 4,0 Sd ngay mua phiin trong nam tai Ha Ndi la 42,7 ngay Hien tugng thdi tie't nay tap trung nhieu nha't vao thang 3 (14,5 ngay) Sd ngay suang mil trong nam la 11,7 ngay, xua't hien nhieu nha't vao thang 12 (2,6 ngay)

Dac biet d Thanh Tri, cd 4 con sdng thoat nude cbi'nh cua ndi dd chay qua dd la:

- Sdng Td Lich (doan qua huyen ddi 14,6km), chay qua dia phan cac xa Thanh Liet,

Dai Kim, Tam Hiep va Hoang Liet, dd vao sdng Nhue sau khi qua dap Thanh Liet Tai doan cudi, sdng Td Ljch dam nhan loan bd nude thai cua thanh phd

- Sdng Lir (doan qua huyen ddi 2,4 km), chay qua dia phan cac xa Dinh Cdng, Dai

Kim sau khi nhan nude thai tir ndi dd, cudi cung dd vao sdng Td Lich, gdp them lugng nude thai va nude mua mdi khi miia mua den

- Sdng Set (doan qua huyen ddi 2,5km), chay qua dia phan xa Thinh Liet, van

chuyen nude thai tir ndi dd va dd vao sdng Td Lich tai Thanh Liet

- Sdng Kim Nguu (doan qua huyen ddi 2,9km), chay qua dja phan xa Yen Sd, gap

sdng Td Ljch tai Thanh Liet

Che dp thuy van ciia Thanh Tri khdng dan thuan chi bi anh hudng bdi dieu kien khf hau ma cdn bi cac boat ddng sdng, boat dpng cdng nghiep va ndng nghiep chi phdi Mat khac, do dja hinh mang trung nen hien tugng ngap ung la khdng tranh khdi Tuy nhien, day cung la mdt dieu kien thuan Igi de phat trie'n nudi trdng thiiy san d Thanh Tri, cung la nai dam nhan chirc nang dieu tiei khf hau do nhirng mat thoang ciia ao, hd, dam dem Iai

IV.1.6 Die diem tho nhirdng khu virc Thanh Tri

Toan huyen cd 6 loai d^t chinh: deft phii sa khdng dugc bdi, khdng giay hoac glay

ye'u; d^t phii sa khdng dugc bdi cd glay; d^l phu sa ft dugc bdi trung tfnh kiem ye'u; dSit

phu sa khdng dugc bdi glay manh; da't phu sa dugc bdi hang nam trung tfnh kiem yeu; da't cdn cat, bai cat ven sdng Cd th^ xe'p chiing vao hai nhdm chfnh

- Da't phu sa cu khong dugc boi hang nam: Loai da't nay phan bd d khu vuc trong

de, chie'm mdt dien tfch Idn, thanh ph^n ca gidi tir thit nhe tdi thit nang, tap trung chii ye'u

d Khuang Dinh, Dinh Cdng, Vinh Tuy, Thanh Tri, Vinh Quynh, Dai Kim, Ngu Hiep, Tam Hiep Cac xa cudi huyen (Dai Ang, Ngpc Hdi) thudng ngap ling vao miia mua hoac ca nam, da't thudng bj glay, ye'm khf, da't chua, ngheo chat dinh dudng, ham lugng mim thafp, da't nay thudng thfch hgp cho cay lua

- Dat phii sa mdi dugc boi hang nam: Day la loai da't nam d ngoai de, thanh ph^n

ca gidi chu ye'u la cat pha va thit nhe, da't tai xdp, ham lugng cac cha't dinh dudng thudc loai ngheo (K = 0,1%; dam = 0,1%; miin = 2%), da't ft chua Miia IQ sdng Hdng cd th^ gay ngap lut vao cac thang VII, VIII lam anh hudng tdi viec tudi tieu cho khu vuc nay Da't thfch hgp cho viec trdng rau, mau, hoa, cay thue ph^m ngdn ngay trdng vao cac thang mtia kiet va cac cay an qua chiu dugc ngap ung trong mua lu (cay nhan, cay chudi )

IV.1.7 Dac diem dieu kien kinh te - xa hoi

a Ddn cu- lao dong

Dan sd toan huyen la 227.300 ngudi trong dd dan sd thanh thi la 10.739 ngudi chiem 4,71%, dan sd ndng thdn la 217.217 ngudi chiem 95,2% Mat dp dan sd trung binh

la 2.308 ngudi/kml Tdc dp tang dan sd hang nam giai doan 1990-2000 la 2,49%/nam

Trong nhirng nam gan day, do tac ddng cua qua trinh dd thi hda nhanh d khu vuc phfa nam, nha't la su hinh thanh va khdi cdng cac Du an phat trien Khu dd thi mdi ma ludng dan di cu tdi Thanh Tri tang len dang ke (bang 2.1) Dan sd nam 1999 tang so vdi nam 1998 la 3,53%, trong dd tang ca hpc 4.914 ngudi tuang ducmg 2,25%

Ciing vdi qua trinh dd thi hoa, cdng nghiep hoa va hien dai hoa, Thanh Tri da cd nhirng budc chuyen minh rd ret nhung van chua dap ling dugc vdi yeu cau hien tai vi luc lugng lao ddng cd chuyen mdn tai Thanh Tri cdn qua mdng, chiem khdng day 20% So

Ddi vdi kinh te' tren dia ban huyen, tdc dp tang trudng kinh te dat kha cao trong giai

doan 1996 - 2000 th^ hien d gia tri san xuat cac nganh kinh te' tren dja ban tang trung binh 11,83%/nam (theo gia cd dinh 1994) Rieng nganh cdng nghiep va xay dung tang 13,85%/nam, ndng nghiep va thiiy san tang 7,45%, djch vu tang 8,9%

c Cdc vdn de moi tru&ng vd cdc chuang trinh phdt trien

cl' Chuang trinh xay dung nong thon mdi cua Hd Noi

Tuy chi chie'm \\x 3,5% - 4% trong tdng gia tri thu nhap vi kinh te' ciia thanh phd, so vdi quy md chie'm tdi 93% dien tfch ndng thdn va %in 47% dan sd toan thanh, ndng

nghiep va ndng thdn ngoai thanh ndi rieng, cung nhu viing ven dd ndi chung cd mdt vi tri

x& quan trpng trong su phat tridn kinh te' - xa hdi d Thu dd, dd la nai gidi quyet cdng dn viec ldm va cung cap luatig thi/c, thuc pham cho ndi thanh Toan thanh phd cd khoang

43.000 ha da't ndng nghiep, binh quan rupng da't tfnh cho mdt nhan kh^u ndng nghiep la 571,6 m^ Trong giai doan 1996 - 2000, ndng nghiep Thu dd da cd tdc dp tang trudng kha, dat mire binh quan 4,98%/nam Tang cao nha't la nganh thuy san (binh quan 6,56%/nam), tie'p den la nganh chan nudi (binh quan 5,96%/nam), nganh trdng trot tang binh quan 3,65%/nam Cung trong giai doan nay, gia trj san xua't ndng - lam nghiep va djch vu binh quan 1 ha canh tac tang tir 23,2 trieu ddng len 40,4 trieu ddng Ti trpng nganh chan nudi, thuy san tang dan, ti trpng nganh trdng trot giam dSn tir 71,3% nam 1995 xudng 68,5% nam 2000 Theo nghj quyet 15NQ/TW cua Bd Chfnh tri, phuang hudng nhiem vu phat

trien thii dd Ha Ndi trong thdi ky 2001 - 2010 la "Phdt trien nong nghiep vd kinh te ngoai

thanh theo hudng nong tighiep do thi, sinh thdi cua Tim do Hd Noi phdi di dau trong cong nghiep hoa vd hien dai hoa nong nghiep, nong thdn Gdn do thi hoa vdi xdy dung nong thon mai theo hudng vdn hoa, sinh thdi"

c2- Chuang trinh sudung hap ly tdi nguyen nude

Ndi ve tinh trang mdi trudng d Thanh Tri, chung ta thay mot van de ndi len dd la su

d nhiem nude, khdng khf va tieng dn, dac biet la cac ngudn nude thai chay ra tir ndi thanh ciing vdi su d nhiem nude mat, nude ngam tang ndng va ndng dp ascen da dugc nghien

ciai trong chuang trinh KHCN.07: sir dung hgp ly tai nguyen nude va bao ve mdi trudng Noi dung chu yeu tap trung trong chuang 4: Ddnh gid hien trcing vd du hdo dien bien mdi

trudng nude Thdnh phd Hd Noi den ndm 2020 Ket qua nghien cihi da cho tha'y tinh trang

d nhiem nude d Thanh Tri va nhirng nguyen nhan dan tdi tinh trang nay

Dieu kien dia ly tu nhien cung la mdt trong nhirng dac diem quan trpng din tdi tinh trang d nhiem nude d Thanh Tri He thdng truyen dan va he thdng xa thai deu dd ddn vao Thanh Tn He thdng truyen dSn vdi cac kenh muang hd vdi dp sau trung binh chi khoang tir l-2m, chieu rdng trung binh khoang 6-8m Nhirng kenh muang hd nay ndi vdi he thdng cdng ngSm thanh mot mang ludi hinh re quat ma tam la khu vuc Ha Ndi cd Luu vuc la'y; ten cdn sdng dai nha't la sdng Td Ljch, dugc tao bdi 4 luu vuc nhanh theo ten ciia 4 con sdng thoat nude chfnh dd la sdng Td Lich, sdng Lir, sdng Set va sdng Kim Nguu

Du dn thodt nude Hd Noi giai doan 1995-2000 da lap ke' hoach xay dung cac hang

muc cdng trinh thoat nude chii yeu nham muc dich giam su ung ngap cua thanh phd

c3' Xdy dung cdng trinh dau mdi: a/tram bam Yen Sd va b/ hd dieu hoa Yen Sd

Xay dung phan nha tram bam cdng suat 90mVs, lap dat thiet bi cdng sua't 45mVs nham ha thap muc nude tai ha luu, cai thien chirc nang thoat nude tai thugng luu Hd dieu

boa Yen Sd vdi dien tfch ISO ha, dugc xay dung de chiia lugng nude mua qua tai, dat d

phfa trudc gan tram bom Yen Sd, nai hgp ddng cua 3 sdng Kim Nguu, sdng Set va sdng

Td Lich Ciing vdi hai cdng trinh dau mdi ndi tren la viec cai tao 4 sdng (Td Lich, Kim Nguu, Lir, Set) ciing cac kenh muang, hd, cira xa lu va cira dieu tiet, ket hgp vira cai tao vira xay dung cac cdng ngam cd lien quan tdi giai phap thoat nude ciia giai doan nay

c4' Chuang trinh xdy dung Khu dd thi mai: Khu dich vu - du lich Linh Dam, khu dd thj

mdi Dinh Cdng, khu dd thi mdi Dinh Cdng - Dai Kim, khu cdng nghiep VTnh Tuy

c5- Cdc dt/ dn xdy dixng ha tdng ky thuat quan trpng ciia Thdnh phd: Chuang trinh xay

dung cau Thanh Tri va tuyen dudng IB, tuyen dudng sat vanh dai 3, ga lap lau Ngpc Hdi, cang Khuyen Luang, dudng vanh dai 3, nha may xir ly nude thai Yen Sd va he thdng sdng muang, tram bam thoat nude cua Thanh phd

c6' Chuang trinh phdt trien Idng nghe: Hirii Hoa va Tan Trieu vdi cac nghe truyen thdng

la lam banh da, mien dong

IV.2 Nghien ciru qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai khu virc Thanh Tri

IV.2.1 Ap dung phi/dng phap vien tham ket hdp GIS nghien ciiu qua trinh chuyen hoa dat dai tai khu vuc Thanh Tri

Viing ven dd Thanh Tri la nai dang trie'n khai nhieu du an quan trpng cd the ke tdi

la cac du an v^ khu dd thi mdi, du an cau VTnh Tuy, cac du an ve mdi trudng Trong bd'i^ canh dd thj hda dang dien ra d nhieu nai, theo ddi bien ddng sir dung da't va qua trinh chuyen hda da't dai la mdt van de quan trpng khdng chi vi dat dai la mdt loai tu lieu san xua't dac biet ma cdn vi dat dai d ven dd Thanh Tri cd mdt vai trd bet siic quan trpng ddi vdi Thii dd Ha Ndi Vdi cac tfnh uu viet, cdng nghe vien tham se trd thanh cdng cu manh dem Iai hieu qua cao trong cdng tac quan ly tai nguyen nha't la da't vung ven dd

Nhan thiic dugc van de nay, chung tdi thuc hien phan loai tu lieu vien tham tai 4 thdi diem bang cdng nghe xir ly anh sd Dua tren hien trang sir dung da't, chung tdi se tien hanh phan tfch dac diem sir dung dat cua timg nam, cd lien he tdi cac dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te - xa hdi ciia viing ven dd Thanh Tri de tir dd dua ra cac nhan xet ve quy luat ciia qua trinh chuyen hda dat dai tir cac thdng tin ve bien dpng sir dung dat giira nam Dac biet

xu hudng bien dpng sir dung dat tai thdi diem trudc va sau nam lap quy hoach sir dung da't

se dugc xem xet thdng qua mot phep phan tfch cd bien ddi ban do Day se la nhung nhan dinh het sire quan trpng trong qua trinh de xuat dinh hudng sir dung dat tai viing ven dd -Thanh Tri

IV.2.2 iimg dung phudng phap vien tham va md hinh hoa ban do nghien curu xu

hirdngbien dong suf dung dat huyen Thanh Tri

Md hinh hoa ban do dugc sir dung de the hien su phan bd ciia cac ddi tugng va hien tugng trong khdng gian Phan tfch cac ban dd, ngudi dpc cd the tim ra quy luat hoac cac diem di thudng nai xuat hien cac ddi tugng Day la mot phep trim tugng chi cd tren cac ban dd Phan tfch bang ban do cd the dien ra theo 3 ndi dung chfnh:

- Phan tfch khdng bien ddi ban dd (phan tfch bang cac dd thi, do dem, xac dinh, khoang each ) Tat ca cac thao tac nay deu khdng lam thay ddi ban dd hien cd

- Phan ifch co bien ddi ban do (cac ban dd dSn xuat); Phan tfch cd bien ddi ban dd la phan tfch dira tren mot ban do khac dugc tao ra tir ban dd gdc (gpi la ban dd dan xuat) Day la each ma ngudi nghienciru ve ddi tugng se hieu dugc ban chat con an chiia ben trong De la dugc nhu vay ngirdi phan tfch ban do phai nhd den phuang tien bien ddi, thdng thudng dd la mot loai lirdi

- Phan tfch bang each chiet xuat cac thdng tin bidu hien ban dd chuyen de thanh cac hgp ph^n rieng

Phan tfch khdng bien ddi ban dd cho cac ban dd dugc th^ hien bang phuang phap dudng dang tri cd thd ap dung trir hoac cdng cac mat bang dd thi

De phan tfch chiet xuat thdng tin ban dd, cd the ap dung "chi sd dang trung binh MSP', cdng thiic tfnh chi sd nhu sau:

-Tronsdd: P la chu vi, A la dien tfch, x la kich thudc ciia thira dat

Chi sd nay cd the' img dung trong nhieu ITnh vuc khac nhau nhu: da dang sinh hpc,

dd thi hda, dia cha't hpc, hien trang va xu hudng bie'n ddng cua sir dung dat Dir lieu ban

dd da thdi gian cd the dugc phan tfch theo each bien ddi ban dd vdi cac ban dd dan xua't dugc the' hien bang phuang phap dudng dang tri Dieu nay cd nghTa la dd nghien ciiu xu hudng bie'n dpng theo khdng gian - thdi gian cua cac thira da't ve mat hinh thai, cd the ap dung cdng thiic tfnh toan MSI theo tirng d luc giac, sau dd lay gia trj nay de' ndi suy de ve dudng dang tri MSI qua cac thdi gian khac nhau Viec khao sat xu the, dac diem cua cac loai hinh sir dung dat dugc thuc hien thdng qua viec phan tfch dac diem cac dudng ddng iniic Tie'p dd, phuang phap phan tfch cd khdng bien ddi ban dd dugc thuc hien de la'y hieu cua hai be mat MSI, thao tac nay dung de theo ddi sir bie'n ddi be mat MSI theo thdi gian Ket qua se dua ra tam die'm ciia nai cd xu hudng bien ddng manh theo khdng gian- thdi gian ( hinh 2)

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Hinh 3 Ban do chi so MSI phan tich tir ban Hinh 4 Ban do chi so MSI phan tich tir ban

do su dung dat xa Dai ang do su dung dat xa Lien Ninh

va'n de nghien ciiu xu hudng bien dpng su dung da't lien quan tdi phan tfch ban dd

cd bien ddi bieu hien ban dd vdi cac dudng dang trj ap dung each the' hien ban dd nay cho phep hinh dung tir mdt gdc dp nao dd xu the bien ddng sir dung dat Chieu hudng ma cac dudng dang tri Idi ra the hien xu hudng Ian tda md rpng Cac dudng dang tri ldm vao the hien xu hudng thu hep Nhieu dudng dang tri Idi ra, gian rdng the hien su Ian tda vdi chieu hudng rpng khap

Tinh toan, phan tich bien ddng gia MSI cua cac diem trong ludi luc giac tren nen anh phan loai sir dung dat nam 2001 va 2003

Ap dung cdng thuc tfnh chi sd MSI, ban dd bien ddng MSI giai doan 2001 - 2003 cho tha'y tam phat trien tai khu vuc Dinh Cdng, Thinh Liet, Thanh Tri, LTnh Nam, Yen Sd, Yen My, Ngpc Hdi - Lien Ninh, dd cung chfnh la nhOtig khu vuc dugc quy hoach thanh khu dan cu nhu khu dd thj mdi Dinh Cdng, Thinh Liet, kenh dan nude Yen Sd, viing trong

rau sach Yen My, khu cdng nghiep Ngpc Hdi - Lien Ninh Tren ban do bien dong xdy

dung bdng ky thuat giao cheo (crossifig) khong the cho thay nhung phdt hien ndy

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loai hien trang sir dung dat nam 2001 va 2003 dugc

^'di tdng sd lugng d da chia la 1763 Gia tri MSI dugc

an loai anh vien tham cua 2 thdi diem (2001 va 2003) lam 2001 va 2003 se dugc dimg lam ca sd de' de xuat

5 XUAT HI£N CUA GIA TRJ MSI THEO THC)I GIAN

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/e tan sd xua't hien ciia cac gia tri MSI, cd the tha'y rd 3 mire Ngudng

SI nam trong khoang khdng cd cot tan sd nam quy hoach ben canh cac nam 2001, 2003 Dieu nay cho tha'y rang tai nhirng nai dd, can phai dieu hii hai, cot tan so nam quy hoach cao ban so vdi cot tan sd ciia hai nam dieu nay chung td sau 5 nam nua, cac khu vuc nay se dat tdi chi tieu quy mire dp dieu chinh la tha'p nhat Thii ba, cot tan sd cua nam quy hoach thap

;t tan sd ciia nam 2001 va 2003, dieu nay cho thay de dat tdi quy hoach, can ninh

nh gia tinh hinh siir dung dat trong giai doan trirdc va sau nam lap quy

9 9 4 - 2 0 0 1 va2001 - 2 0 0 3 )

.eo bang 1, dien tfch da't trdng lua giam tir 53,36% xudng cdn 41,87% Mot phar

jh trdng lua da dugc chuyen sang dien tfch dat trdng rau va hoa mau, dat chuyen

(186,68 ha), dat d (76,16 ha) va da't sdng sudi (21,2 ha) Dien tfch trdng lua giam

^ binh 76X)7 lia/ndm Dien tfch dat trdng rau va hoa mau tang tir 10.72%' len 18,39%

ig dd cd mot phan dien tfch dugc chuyen sang tir da't trdng lua (925,52 ha), tir dat mat

.dc (76,72 ha) va dat sdng sudi ngoai de (16,44 ha), [rung binh tdng 50,79 halndm Dien

s a 06 THE H I $ N B | £ N D Q N G G I A T R I MSI QUA 2 NAM 2001 - 2003

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T « j l - 5 T'j 6 (5P(I 10

Hinh 7 Bie'n dong gia trj MSI giai doan 2001 -2003

Sir dung ludi luc giac deu lam cac toan tir trong dd gia trj dugc lua chpn la MSI tren nen anh phan loai hien trang sir dung da't lam ca sd de tao ra he thdng cac dudng dang tri

da cho thay dugc xu hudng bien dpng ve mat hinh thai ciia tinh hinh sir dung dat theo khdng gian va thdi gian Dieu nay cho tha'y md hinh hda ban dd la mot cdng cu manh thuc sir neu biet ket hgp thii phap phan tfch ban dd trong dd cd phan tfch khdng bie'n ddi ban dd

va phan tfch cd bie'n ddi ban dd (vdi cac ban dd dan xuat)

IV.2.3 De xuat dieu chinh s u d u n g dat de tien tdi quy hoach nam 2010

Neu so sanh dan thuan va dua ra ban dd bien ddng cua cac loai hinh sir dung dat tai hai thdi diem thi se khdng thay het y nghla ve muc dp bie'n dpng tai nhirng khu vuc cu the

Do vay, phuang phap phan tfch cd bien ddi ban dd dugc ap dung dua tren thdng tin ve sir dung dat chiet tach lir tu lieu vien tham

'^ Mdt ban dd dan xu& XiX anh phan loai hien trang sir dung dat nam 2001 va 2003 dugc

tao ra tijf mdt mang ludi luc giac deu vdi tdng sd lugng d da chia la 1763 Gia tri MSI dugc tinh toan cho tiing d theo ke't qua phan loai anh vien tham cua 2 thdi diem (2001 va 2003)

D6 thi phan bd gia tri MSI ciia 2 nam 2001 va 2003 se dugc dung lam ca sd de de xua't

dieu chinh theo quy hoach

T A N s d XUAT H I £ N C U A G I A TRI MSI THEO TH^I GIAN

B 2001

B 2003

• QH

0 01 0.5 H2(K)I I 0 93 j 94 B2(X>3; 0 ! 71 i 101 DQH 0 1 0 0

Hinh 8 Tan so xuat hien cua gia tri MSI

Dua tren hinh ve tan sd xuat hien ciia cac gia tri MSI, cd the thay rd 3 mure Nguang thii nha't, gia tri MSI nam trong khoang khdng cd cot tan sd nam quy hoach ben canh cac cot tan sd ciia hai nam 2001, 2003 Dieu nay cho thay rang tai nhirng nai dd, can phai dieu chinh triet de Thii hai, cot tan sd nam quy hoach cao ban so vdi cot tan sd cua hai nam

2001 va 2003, dieu nay chimg td sau 5 nam niJa, cac khu vuc nay se dat tdi chi tieu quy hoach, do vay muc dp dieu chinh la thap nhat Thu ba, cot tan sd ciia nam quy hoach thap ban so vdi cot tan so ciia nam 2001 va 2003, dieu nay cho thay de dat tdi quy hoach, can

cd sir dieu chinh

IV.2.4 Danh gia tinh hinh sur dung dat trong giai doan trudc va sau nam lap quy hoach (1994 - 2001 va 2001 - 2003)

Theo bang 1, dien tfch dat trdng liia giam tir 53,36% xudng cdn 41,87% Mot phar dien tfch trdng lua da dugc chuyen sang dien tfch dat trdng rau va hoa mau, dat chuyen

diing (186,68 ha), dat d (76,16 ha) va da't sdng sudi (21,2 ha) Dien tfch trdng lua giam

trung binh 76,07 halndm Dien tfch dat trdng rau va hoa mau tang tir 10.72%- len 18,39%

trong dd cd mot phan dien tfch dugc chuyen sang tir dat trdng lua (925,52 ha), tii dat mat

nude (76,72 ha) va dat sdng sudi ngoai de (16,44 ha), irung binh tang 50,79 halndm Dien

tfch mat nude giam tCr 17,19% xudng cdn 14,71% do chuyen sang dat trdng lua 68,4ha, dat

trdng rau va hoa mau 76,71ha, daft chuyen dung 82,02ha, dat d ndng thdn 19,32ha, trung

binh giam 16,44ha/ndm, d& chuyen dung tang tii 2,8% len 5,52%, do chuyen 186,68ha tir

d^t trdng lua, tCr d^t mat nude 82,08ha, trung binh tdng IShalndm Dat d ndng thdn tang tir

10,26% len 13,66% do chuye'n tCr da't trdng liia 6l,2ha, dat trdng rau va hoa mau 256,8ha,

d^t mat nude 19,32ha, trung binh tdng 4,2halndm Dat d dd thi tang tir 0,27% len 0,38% do chuyen sang tijf da't trdng liia 14,96ha, trung binh tdng OJha/ndm

Bang 1 Bien ddng surdung dat huyen Thanh Tri giai doan 1994 - 1999

1826,92 1826,92 18,39

0

1460.88 1460.88 14,71

4

186.68

0 82,08

277.84

0 2.20

0

548.80 548,80 5.52

5

61.20 256,80 19.32

7

21,20

0 0.32

0

0 1,96

519,84

543.32 543,32 5,47

Tong

1994

5300.64 1065.04 1707,48 277,84 1019,64 26.88 536.28

Trong dd: 1-dat trdng liia; 2-dat trdng rau va hoa mau; 3-da't mat nudc; 4-dat xay di/ng, giao

thong; 5-dat d ndng thdn; 6-dat d do thi; 7-sdng Hdng

Theo bang 2, dien tfch dat trdng lua giam tir 41,61% xudng cdn 33,43% Mot phan dien tfch trdng liia da dugc chuyen sang dien tfch dat trdng rau va hoa mau (393,76 ha), da't mat nudc (157,48 ha), dat chuyen diing (217,4 ha), dat d ndng thdn (42,8 ha), dat d dd th

(1,08 ha) va da't sdng sudi (0,16 ha) Dien tfch trdng liia giam trung binh 270,89 halndm

Dien tfch dat trdng rau va hoa mau tang tir 18,43% len 22,24% trong dd cd mot phan dien tfch dugc chuyen sang tir da't trdng lua (393,76 ha), tir da't mat nudc (41,44 ha) va da't sdng

sudi ngoai de (8,32 ha), trung binh tdng 126,08 halndm Dien tfch mat nudc giir dn dinh

Da't chuyen diing tang tir 5,87% len 9,39% do chuyen tir da't lua 217,4ha, da't trdng

rau va hoa mau 70,04 ha va dat mat nudc 63,6 ha, trung binh tdng 23,29 halndm Dat d

ndng thdn tang tir 13,66% len 14,3% do chuyen tir dat trdng liia 42,8 ha, dat mat nudc

18,64 ha, trung binh tdng 21,1 halndm Dat d dd thi tang tir 0,38% len 0,44% do chuyen sang tir dat trdng liia 1,08 ha, tir dat mat nudc 10,04 ha, trung binh tdng 2,1 halndm

Bang 2 Bien ddng sir

dung dat huyen T h a n h Tri giai doan 1999 - 2001

2209.08 2209,08 22.24

4

217.4 70,04 63.6

5

42.8

0 18,64

0

1356,96

1.6 0,28

1420.28 1420.28 14.30

6

1.08

0 10.04 1,68

0

31,08

0

43.88 43.88 0.44

7

0.16

0 0.24

Tong

1999

4133.2 1830.84 1447.32 583.08 1356.96 37.44 544.88

Xir ly cua tdc gid tidm 2003

Trong dd: 1-dat trdng lua; 2-dat trdng rau va hoa mau; 3-dat mat nudc; 4-dat xay dung, giao

thdng; 5-dat b ndng thdn; 6-dat b dd thj; 7-sdng Hdng

Theo bang 3, dien tfch dat trdng liia tang chiit ft (khoang 1%) do phan dien tfch mat nudc da dugc chuyen sang (152,96ha) Dien tfch dat trdng rau va hoa mau giam tir 22,28% xudng 18,8% trong dd cd mot phan dien tfch da dugc chuyen sang dat mat nudc (105,88

ha), da't d dd thi (1,44 ha), irung binh giam 115,16 halndm Dien tfch mat nudc giam lir 14,84% xudng cdn 11,59% do chuyen sang dat d dd thi 1,44 ha, trung binh giam 107,52

halndm Da't chuyen dung tang tir 9,46% len 11,59% do chuyen tu dat trdng lua 23,84 ha,

tir da't trdng rau va hoa mau 122,4ha va tir da't mat nudc 66,56ha, trung binh tdng 70.72

halndm Dat d ndng thdn tang tir 14,22% len 17% do chuyen tir da't trdng liia 28,44 ha, dat

trdng rau va hoa mau 247,4 ha, trung binh tdng 92 halndm Dat d dd thi tang tir 0,38% len 1,2% do chuyen sang tir dat trdng lua 85,68 ha, trung binh tdng 27,3 halndm

Bang 3 Bie'n ddng sir dung dat huyen Thanh tri giai doan 2001 - 2003

0

1867.97 1867,97 18.80

1151,52 1151,52 11.59

4

23,84 122,4 66,56 938,76

0

0

0

1151,56 1151.56 11.59

5

28,44 247,4

0 0.12

6

85.68

0

0 0,52

0

33,08

0

119.28 119,28 1,20

7

0.08 8,6

0

0 0,08

0 536,28

545,04 545,04 5.49

Tong

2001 3320,36 2213.45 1474,08 939,4 1412.76 37,4 536,36 9933,81

9933,81 100.00

%

3o, ;2 22,28 14,84 9.46 14,22 0,38 5,40 100,00

Trong dd: 1-dat trong lua; 2-dat trdng rau va hoa mau; 3-dat mat nudc; 4-da't xay dung, giao

thong; 5-dat b ndng thdn; 6-dat b dd thj; 7-sdng Hdng

Bang 4 Td'c do bien ddng sir dung dat trung binh (ha/nam) qua cac giai doan

-76,07 +50,79 -16,44 +18,00 +4,20 +0,70

1999-2001 (giai doan 2)

-270,89 +126,08

0 +23,29 +21,10 +2,10

2001-2003 (giai doan 3)

0 -115,16 -107,52 +70,72 +92,00 +27,30

So sanh giira ba giai doan (bang 4), cd the thay rang sang giai doan 2, dat trdng liia giam 3,5 Ian, tdi giai doan 3 thi chiing Iai Dat trdng rau va hoa mau tang 2,2 Ian khi chuyen sang giai doan 2 Dat mat nudc giii dn dinh d giai doan 2 thi sang giai doan 3 giam xudng 7 Ian Dat chuyen diing tang 1,1 Ian khi chuyen sang giai doan 2 thi sang giai doan

3 tang gap 3 ISn Dat d ndng thdn sau khi tang 4 Ian d giai doan 2 thi tiep tuc tang 4,1 Ian khi chuyen sang giai doan 3 Dat d dd thj tang 3 Ian d giai doan 2 thi sang giai doan 3 tang

13 Idn

Bang 5 Du bao bien dpng sir dung dat

Loai da't

Dat ilia, mau

Dat mat nudc

Dat chuyen dung

Dat a nong thon

Dal Of do thi

Bien dong theo quy hoach su dung da't 2001-2005 (ha)

-751,36 -185,95 +524,46 + 12,96 +253,29

Bien dong theo nghien cUu bien dong (2001- 2003) (ha)

-257,16 -322,46 +212,16 +276,00 +81,88

Toe do nghien cUu bien dong (ha/nam)

-115,16 -107,52 +70,72 +92,00 +27,30

Tong dubao bien dong giai doan 2001-2010 theo nghien curu bien dong (ha)

-1151,60 -1075,20 +707,20 +920,00 +273,00

Quy hoach 2001-2010 (ha)

-1104,05

X

+ 1101,20 -85,67 +357,14

Theo quy hoach sir dung da't huyen Thanh Tri giai doan 2001 - 2010, trong giai doan 1 (2001 - 2005), dat lua mau giam 751,36 ha Ket qua nghien cuu bien dpng sir dung dat (bang 5) cho thay trong 3 nam tir 2001 den 2003, loai dat nay giam 257,16 ha Nhu vay neu van vdi tdc dp nay, cho tdi nam 2005, dien tfch se giam 575,8 ha va tdi nam 2010 dien tfch se giam gap ddi la 1157,48 ha So vdi quy hoach, giai doan 1 giam ft han 175.5 ha, ca giai doan (2001-2010) giam nhieu ban quy hoach la 46,55 ha Do vay, thdi gian cdn Iai cho tdi nam 2010, can kie'm soat qua trinh chu chuyen de dam ban dii chi tieu quy hoach

DSiX cd mat nudc nudi trdng thuy san (NTTS) cung d tinh trang tuomg tu nhu dat lua,

''mau va dsft d ndng thdn Chi cd dat chuyen dung va dat d dd thi do phai dupfc dau tu nen qua trinh chuydn ddi de kidm soat ban

IV.2.5 Chuyen hoa dat dai va moi quan he cua no tdi dac diem phat trien kinh t e

-xa hoi

Thdng qua phan tfch ban do, chiing tdi thay rang chuyen hda sii dung dat giua liia

-mau la Idn nha't trong ca 3 giai doan vdi cac kieu chuyen ddi nhu sau

Bang 6 Cac kieu chuyen ddi sir dung dat

Trung binh dien tich 1 thua (mVthua)

3.644,87 731,81 Giai doan 3 (tir nam 2001-2003), chuyen hda tir da't ndng nghiep sang da't xay dimg

va giao thdng la 1.623.455,09 m^, giai doan 2 (tir nam 1999-2001 va giu dn dinh tdi nam 2003) cao ban 300.000 m^ Dieu dac biet la chuyen hda tir dat ndng nghiep sang dat d giai doan 2 la 1.202.818,024 m^ trong khi giai doan 3 la 2.292.133,376 m^ (gan gap ddi)

Chuyen hoa luan phien 250.000

Weu chuyen hoa

Hinh 9 Bleu dd the hien su chuyen hoa luan phien giua cac kieu siir dung dat

Luan phien giua dat nudi trdng thiiy san - dat trdng lua vdi da't trdng rau va hoa mau cho tha'y sir luan phien idn nha't dien ra giua dat trdng liia va dat nudi trdng thiiy san Chien luge chuyen ddi giua dat mot vu lua bap benh sang lua - ca cho thay dien tfch chuyen ddi

la it nhat

Chuyen hoa sang dat xay dung va giao thong

120.000 , — — 100.000

Kieu chuyen hoa

Hinh 10 Bieu do the hien chuyen hda sang dat xay dung va giao thong

Da't xay dUng dn dinh sau quy hoach

Kieu chuyen doi

Hinh 12 Bieu do the hien dat xay dimg on djnh tri/dc quy hoach

50.000 45.000 40,000 j;j 35.000 ~

Chuyen hoa sang dat b

C J i a i c n a i c n c n c n c n c n u i

0> CT) - ^ O) CO _k r o _k - 1 CJ

Kieu chuyen hoa

Hinh 13 Bieu do the hien sU chuyen hda sang dat d

Thuc trans phdt trien kinh te huyen Thanh Tri

Ddi vdi kinh te tren dia ban huyen, tdc do tang trudng kinh te dat kha cao trong giai doan 1996 - 2000 the hien d gia trj san xuat cac nganh kinh te tren dia ban tang trung binh 11,83%/nam (theo gia cd dinh 1994) Rieng nganh cdng nghiep va xay dung tang 13,85%/nam, ndng nghiep va thiiy san tang 7,45%, dich vu tang 8,9%

Bang 7 So' lUdng va toe do tang trUdng binh quan gia trj san xuat do huyen quan ly giai doan 1991 - 2000 (Tinh theo gia cd dinh nam 1994)

Cac chi tieu

1995

236,685

62,479 143,250 30,956

2000

388,652

128,846 204,839 54,967

Tang trUdng binh quan hang nam (%)

1991-2000

12,08

20,28 7,95 18,63

1991-1995

14,20

26,42 8,65 21,27

1996-2000

10,42

15,57 7,40 12,17

Nguon: Phong Ke hoach vd Phdng Thong ke huyen, ndm 2000 vd 200J

Gia tri kinh te do huyen quan ly giai doan 1991 - 2000 dat miic tang trudng binh quan la 12,08%, nira giai doan dau 1991 - 1995 miifc do tang trudng dat cao ban nira giai doan cudi 1996 - 2000 (bang 7)

Nhin chung, nira dau giai doan 1991 - 2000, muc tang trudng dat cao han nua cudi giai doan, dieu nay dugc ly giai la do anh hudng cua cuoc khung hoang tai chfnh khu vuc

va su chuyen doi ca che qiuin ly tir nam 1991 - 1995 da tao da cho sir khai thac phat trien tiem nang kinh te ciia huyen

»Bang 8 Gia trj san xuat nong - lam - thuy san huyen Thanh Tri (ddn vi: trieu dong theo gia co

149.247 147.153 109.537 118.369 147.710 142.636 150.585 147.480

Thuy san

27.115 29.616 28.029 26.559 29.014 36.471 37.357 38.980

Trong trot

104.935 105.830 76.285 82.190 93.393 85.138 91.885 89.552

Chan nudi

44.312 41.323 33.252 36.179 51.317 57.498 58.700

So lao dong nong nghiep

48.888 63.841 52.861

57.928

1

Tong so nhan khau nong

nahieo

• i ^ i i i ^ p

125.719 131.296 96.092

Nguon: Phong Thong ke huyen Thanh Tri

Nhin vao bang 8, chiing ta thay rang xu the tang nhanh ciia gia trj san xuat thuy san, gia tri san xuat cua trong trot giam trong khi do gia tri san xuat cua chan nuoi tang So nhan khau tuy so lieu thong ke chua day dii nhimg cung cho tha'y tong so nhan khau tang tai thai diem nam 2000 nhung toi nam sau Iai giam nhanh chong

Nhin vao bang 7, chung ta co the thay rang trong 5 nam, tdng GTSX tang manh (gan gap doi) ti^ 656,623 ty dong len 1.255,325 ty ddng Ve ti trong cung cd sir thay ddi

Ty trong cong nghiep va xay dung do TW quan ly van d muc cao 78% nhung tuong quan giua cong nghiep va xay dung co chieu hudrng nguoc nhau Giai doan 1995-2000, cong nghiep giam tij 55,13% xudng 45,3%, xay dung tang tu 23,44% len 33,21% Dang chu y la gia trj san xuat va cong nghiep do Thanh phd quan ly giam tuong ddi nhieu

Tren dja ban huyen, cd cac ca sd cong nghiep va xay dung do ca 3 cap quan ly Trung uang, Thanh phd va cap Huyen Thuc trang phat trien cong nghiep va xay dung cua Thanh Tri dugfc the hien trong bang sau (bang 9):

Bang 9 Cd cau gia tri san xuat cong nghiep va xay dung phan theo cap quan ly

Cac chi tieu

Tdng gia tri san

656.623 515,921 36K973 153.948 73,852 57,763 16,089 66,850

TI trong (%)

100 78,57 55,13 23,44 11,25 8.8 2.45 10,18

20Q GTSX (ti dong)

1255,325 985,683 568,729 416,954 113,124 68.094 45.030 156,517

0

TI trong (%)

100 78.52 45,30 33.21 9.01 5.42 3.59 12.47