The administration place names of Tho Xuong district (Thang Long – Hanoi) in 19th century Địa danh hành chính huyện Thọ Xương (Thăng Long – Hà Nội) thế kỷ 19

However, within limit of a master thesis, we only select to research a small part of Thang Hanoi‟s place name system which is administration place names of Tho Xuong district in Nguyen d

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI

INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES

-

DANG PHUONG LINH

THE ADMINISTRATION PLACE NAMES

OF THO XUONG DISTRICT

MASTER„S THESIS Major: Vietnamese studies

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI

INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES

-

DANG PHUONG LINH

THE ADMINISTRATION PLACE NAMES

OF THO XUONG DISTRICT

MASTER„S THESIS Major: Vietnamese studies Code: 60 22 01 13

Supervisors: A Professor – Ph.D Nguyen Thi Viet Thanh

Hanoi-2013

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3

COMMITMENTS 4

CONVENTION 5

BEGINNING 6

1 The reasons for Thesis‟s subject 6

2 Objects of Thesis 7

3 Scope of Thesis 7

4 Purposes of Thesis 7

5 Tasks of Thesis 8

6 Methodology of Thesis 8

7 Layout of the Thesis 9

Chapter 1 10

BASIC THEORY OF TOPONYMY AND GENERAL INFORMATION OF THANG LONG-HANOI 10

1.1 Basic theory of Toponymy 10

1.2 General information of toponymy reasearch and Thang Long-Hanoi place name researchs 12

1.3 Overview of Thang Long – Hanoi in 19th century 17

1.4 Overview of Tho Xuong district in 19th century 19

Chapter 2 21

ADMINISTRATION PLACE NAMES OF THO XUONG DISTRICT IN THE PERIOD 1802-1831 21

2.1 Overview of administration system of Tho Xuong district in the period 1802 – 1831 21

2.2 Precincts of Tho Xuong district in 1802 – 1831 22

2.3 Some general characteristics of Tho Xuong district‟s place names in the period 1802-1831 40

2.4 Conclusion of chapter 2 50

Chapter 3 53

ADMINISTRATION PLACE NAMES OF THO XUONG DISTRICT AFTER 1831 53

3.1 Administration place names of Tho Xuong district in the period 1831-1887 53

3.2 Administration place names of Tho Xuong district after 1887 78

Appendix 1 88The list shows the transformation of the Tho Xuong district„s administration place names in 2 periods 1802-1831 & 1831-1887, along with their current location 88Appendix 2 110The list of current Hanoi‟s administration place names and their

corresponding locations in 3 periods: After the Revolution, in the French colonial period & in the Nguyen Dynasty 110REFERENCES 163

COMMITMENTS

I commit that this master thesis was my own research

The thesis‟s results were honest and have never been published in public

Sincerely,

Dang Phuong Linh

2 Convention of spelling of some place names

The thesis‟s topic is about toponymy; therefore it contains a lot of place names which are difficult to understand if translating into English For this reason, we keep the spelling of some place names in Vietnamese

BEGINNING

1 The reasons for Thesis’s subject

Place itself is an object containing linguistic factors, historical factors, geography factors and also ethnography factors Place name is not only the name of an identifiable geographical location, an administration place name or a particular building, but also the images of the elements of history, culture, geography, anthropology of mentioned place name For this reason, place name is also called “stele” which records the most important marks in terms of history, culture, geography, population of land or location named In the process of formation and transformation of an area, place name usually don‟t No change but alter under the influence of many factors These factors make place names become “live sediments” which record valuable information of many sciences such as linguistics, ethnography, cultural studies, history and archaeology With such characteristics, in recent years, many people have chosen place name to be research object with interdisciplinary approach and precinct orientation

Refer to Thang Long-Hanoi, it is known that not only the biggest center of politics, economy, and culture of our country but also the place having historical monument which relates to the process of national founding and defence To learn about Thang Long-Hanoi shows us the beauty of cultural values of our country in general and Thang Long-Hanoi in particular However, within limit

of a master thesis, we only select to research a small part of Thang Hanoi‟s place name system which is administration place names of Tho Xuong district in Nguyen dynasty (in 19th century) We selected this topic to research

Long-monography books and land register books Besides, this is also the period Vietnam's history is fluctuate, especially in the organizational and administration We choose Tho Xuong district to be the research space because almost the Hanoi‟s nerve-centres at that time located in this district

Within the scope of a master's thesis, we only focus on the administration place names which are the most typical fluctuate in the place name system of Thang Long-Hanoi in general and Tho Xuong district in particular

2 Objects of Thesis

The object of the thesis is the administration place names of Tho Xuong district in the 19th century (mainly in the Nguyen Dynasty) We focus on structure, situation and transformation of Tho Xuong district‟s place names in each history periods in 19th century

3 Scope of Thesis

The scope of the thesis all of administration place names of Tho Xuong district which contains 8 prefectures Research time mainly focuses on the 19th century when Tho Xuong district had much fluctuation under the influence of political and social factors Besides, we concentrate on the transformation of the the place names from the point of language, culture and history

4 Purposes of Thesis

The first aim of the thesis is researching administration place names of Tho Xuong district in 19th century in terms of: identification mode, semantics, origins and transformation, as well as culture specific characteristics

The second aim of thesis is to describe the structure of administration place names of Tho Xuong district in 19th century and to clear the relationship

The third aim of thesis is to study Thang Long-Hanoi in many different angles which can contribute to restore a comprehensive picture of traditional Hanoi

- To describe, classify and analyse the administration place name system

of Tho Xuong district in 19th century according to toponymy criteria, then draw remarks in aspects: identification mode, semantics, origins and transformation

- To study history and culture characteristics which are expressed by this region‟s administration place names

- To build a document system of administration place names of Tho Xuong district through convention tables We put the tables in the Appendix of the thesis which contains:

+ Appendix 1: The list shows the transformation of the Tho Xuong district‟s administration place names in 2 periods 1802-1831 & 1831-1887, along with their current location (22 pages)

+ Appendix 2: The list of current Hanoi‟s administration place names and their corresponding locations in 3 periods: After the Revolution, in the French colonial period & in the Nguyen Dynasty (47 pages)

6 Methodology of Thesis

- Survey method: study, synthesize, and collect all administration place names of Tho Xuong district in 19th century (mainly through sources:

- Statistics method: gathering and sorting administration place names of Tho Xuong district in 19th century on the basis of survey method

- Description and analysis method: show structure characteristics as well

as history and culture characteristics of administration place names of Tho Xuong district in 19th century

- Convention method: convent administration place name system of Tho Xuong district in each period to see changes in terms of every aspect

7 Layout of the Thesis

Chapter 1 BASIC THEORY OF TOPONYMY AND GENERAL INFORMATION OF THANG LONG-HANOI

1.1 Basic theory of Toponymy

1.1.1 Toponymy

Toponymy is a part of lexical system of language As well as own name, toponymy associates with history, culture, manners and customs of a community Toponymy as well as other language products, is influenced and governed by the laws of language in terms of phonetics, vocabulary - semantics and grammar

The term “Toponymy” is derived from the Greek word “Topos” (means

“position”) and “Omoma”/ “Onyma” (means “name”/ “call”) It is the

geographical names, forming a separate system, exist in the vocabulary of various languages in the world

There is no united definition of “place name”, because each definition

has own opinion and approach of author Author A.V Xuperanxkaja wrote in

“What is toponymy?”: “All the geographical names sometimes have different names: list, derived from the Latin word “nomenclatura” (mean “name”)” On

the other hand, the author says: “People in all countries, in former times,

recorded all the object by place names, marks the geographical names by words Thus, place name is close to the name of some other sciences: onomatology (name of man), zoology (name of animal)” Accordingly, we can

generalize the definition of place name by the author‟s opinion: Place name is

names marked the geographical names with words Place names are close to personal names, animal names

In Vietnam, according to “Hán - Việt từ điển” by Dao Duy Anh [20], place names are “name of lands” “Từ điển tiếng Việt” also had very simple explaination: “place name is land name, local name” [25, p.320] Some authors

who have given contributions in research place names such as Nguyen Van Au,

Le Trung Hoa; Nguyen Kien Truong also have different opinions of place

names Nguyen Van Au said: “Places was the name of land, including: name of

rivers, mountains, hamlets or name of local peoples” [18, p.5] Nguyen Kien

Truong determined: “Place names are own names of natural geography and

humanities objects which locate on the earth's surface” [25, p.16] According to

Nguyen Van Loan: “Place name is own name which is represented by fixed

word or term, refers to the various geographical objects, exist on the earth's surface Own name in general and place name in particular also carries society function [30, p.11]

From the viewpoints of the home and abroad authors, we agree with the

definition of Le Trung Hoa: “Place names are fixed words or terms, which are

name of nature terrain, construction, administration unit, or the territories Before place name, we can put a common noun that shows kind of place name:

“sông Sài Gòn, đường Ba tơ, ấp Bàu Trăm, sông Bà Quẹo…” [2, p.17]

1.1.2 Functions and duties of toponymy

Each science has own functions and research duties The other authors

have a relatively similar view of functions and duties of toponymy In “What is

Toponymy?”, A.V.Xuperanxkaja also identified: “Place name is a speciality of linguistics, study of geographical names, explain structure and appearance history of them and analyze the original meaning of the words that make up the

research structure and naming method of place names, research place name in the relationship with cultural characteristics of each region, each nation

1.1.3 Some basic approaches to research toponymy

The first method is to study and to analyze structrure characteristics of place names and their synchronic meanings

The second method is to study and to find the ogirin and identification of place names, research the transformation of place names during the development

of a land, in the direction of diachronic study

In the both above approaches, because of the characteristics of research object, in addition to applying the methods of linguistic research, the methods using interdisciplinary approach to describe results in terms of language, culture, history and even geography, anthropology are also essential

1.2 General information of toponymy reasearch and Thang Long-Hanoi place name researchs

1.2.1 Hitorical research of toponymy in the world

Term “toponymy” first appeared in England in 1876 Since then, the term was gradually replaced by another term which is “place names” Place names is

research subject of many sciences as linguists, history, geography, culturology, tourism study… There are a lot of famous toponymy researchers in the world as George R Stewart, Richard Coates (UK), Oliver Padel, Eilert Ekwall (US), G.P.Smolicnaja, M.V.Gorbanevskij and A.V.Superanskaia (Russia)

However, in the fact, toponymy recevived attention early from linguistists

in the world From the beginning of AD, origins stages took place in the Eastern Primary actions at this stage were record, collection, synthesis and interpretation

of the reading, the meaning of place name There were some typically works:

“Hán thư” had more than 4,000 place names; Thuỷ kinh chú had more than

20,000 place names

In the West, toponymy started to be studied since late 19th century, but in fact it had appeared before The Christian Bible also collected a lot of place names The end of 19th century was the time of blooming of place name

studying There were typical books in this period: “Etymology geography”

(1835) by T.A.Gibson which directed to study a classified list of common words

such as prefixes, suffixes in the complex of geographical names; “Words and

place names or the integrity image of history, ethnography and geography”

(1864) by Issac Taylor; “Toponymy” (1872) by J.J Egli; “Toponymy” (1903)

by J W Nagh

From early 20th century, there were more high study of place names For example: the book “The origin and development of place names” (1926) by A

Dauzat, the book “Names, a survey of the place names” (1958) by George,

“Place name practice” (1977) by P.E Raper There was also a series of works

by Russian toponymy researchers which lay the first foundation for the theory of

toponymy There were the work “Trends to research place names” by E.M.Murzaev, and the work “Study of synchronic place names”, or “The basic

principles of researching place names” by A.I.Popov, especially the work

“What is toponymy?” by A.V.Superanskaja which brought new directions for

the study of place names, creating new values in the development of toponymy study

1.2.2 Hitorical research of toponymy in Vietnam

The study of place names in Vietnam began later than Western countries

There were some works as “Dư Địa Chí” by Nguyen Trai, “Đại Việt sử kí toàn

thư” by Ngo Si Lien, “Lịch triều hiến chương loại chí” by Phan Huy Chu

which marked the beginning of place name study from 19th century in Vietnam

In the 1960s, the study of place names in Vietnam really developed and

về địa danh học Việt Nam” (2003) by Nguyen Van Au which contributed new

and important approaches in researching place names in Vietnam, “Những đặc

điểm chính của địa danh Hải Phòng” (1996) by Nguyen Kien Truong… There

were also several theses which selecting place name to be research sujects as:

“Địa danh Bắc Kạn” by Ha Thi Hong (2008), “Địa danh quận Ba Đình - Hà Nội” by Pham Thi Thu Trang (2008), “Địa danh đường phố Hà Nội” by Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong (2010), “Địa danh huyện Đông Anh” by Nguyen Suoi Linh (2012) The above works mainly focused on the ways how to select the specific basis for chosing place names, research of the culture and history characteristics which were reflected in local place names These works have great contribuition when approaching place names by linguistic perspective or interdisciplinary approach

One of the most favourite contents that the above works concerned was to categorize place names This was a complex issue A large collection of place names with different identifications had become a big challenge in classification

of place names in each category The complexity also comed from the approaches of the place name study which were also varied Until now, there was no united category way Only in Vietnam, there were a number of classifications as follows:

- Author Nguyen Van Au categorized place names into different types, according to geography and economy – society elements He divided place names into: 2 kinds, 7 types and 12 forms

Kinds: 1 Nature place names such as sông Hồng, Trường Sơn, Côn

Đảo…; 2 Economy – society place names: làng Thượng Cát, huyện Sa Pa…

Types: 1 Mountainous name; 2 Forestry name; 3 Hamlet;

4.Commune; 5 District; 6 Market; 7 City and country

Forms: The place names such as sông ngòi, hồ, đầm, đồi núi, hải đảo, rừng

Author Tran Thanh Tam divided Vietnam place names into 6 categories:

a/ terrain and characteristics, b/ space and time, c/ person, religion and history, d/ morphology, soil and climate; e/ specialty, professional and economic organizations, f/ social activities

Author Nguyen Kien Truong [25] gave 3 categories to classify place names, including:

+ Based on the properties of the object, place names were divided into 2

groups: a Natural place name; b Human place name In particular, natural

place names were divided into two sub- groups: land and sea borders Human place name includes 2 sub- groups: administration place names and human activity place names: relics, monuments, dormitories, camps, towns, parishes,

street (street, intersection, lane) and building (pool, docks, markets, temples, churches, hotels, resorts, factories );

+ Based on origin, place names were divided into categories: Chinese – Vietnamese origin; Vietnamese origin, French origin, Tay origin, Thai origin, Vietnamese – Muong origin, Khmer origin, Cham origin, Malaysian origin, mixture origin, unknown origin; Based on the characteristics of communication, place names were divided into: the official name, the folk name, ancient name, the old name and new name

Tu Thu Mai classified place names as follows: Based on natural - unnaturally criteria, place names were divided into 2 types: a Natural place names, b Unnatural place names

Thus, different authors can offer different opinions on the classification of place names based on their own purpose and methods of research

1.2.3 Hitorical research of toponymy of Thang Long-Hanoi

Thang Long-Hanoi had a long history of thousands of years, with

country, there‟s a roll dragon and sitting tiger position between four locations, with front mountain terrain and behind river terrain This place had bright highland areas, residents do not suffer because of flooding and all fertile things

In Vietnam, that place is the best place for gathering where is the city of the most eternal kingdoms!”

In 2010, Hanoi organized its 1000-years anniversary During the festive occasion, bookcases “Thousand years of Thang Long-Hanoi” by Hanoi Publishing systematized published, summed up the value of all aspects of the culture of Thang Long-Hanoi in 1000 years through history, helped the reader understand so much about the city

In terms of place names in Thang Long-Hanoi, there were some typical books Represented as:

• Bui Thiet (2010), Thăng Long Hà Nội - Từ Điển Địa Danh, Làng

Commune Ngoại Thành, Youth Publishing House

• Nguyen Thuy Nga (Chief author, 2010), Địa danh Hà Nội thời Nguyễn -

Khảo cứu từ nguồn tư liệu Hán Nôm, Social Sciences Publishing House

• Phan Huy Le (Chief author, 2010), Địa bạ cổ Hà Nội, Hanoi Publishing

1.3 Overview of Thang Long – Hanoi in 19 th century

1.3.1 Insulation

In 1802, Tay Son dynasty collapsed after a short time, Gia Long ascended the throne and took the capital at Phu Xuan, Nguyen dynasty began

Administration boundaries of the country were defined as follows:

Phú Xuân (Huế) was the capital city Bắc Thành and Gia Định Thành were the beginning and the ending of the country Bắc Thành had 11 ”trấn”: Sơn Nam Thượng, Sơn Nam Hạ, Kinh Bắc, Sơn Tây, Hải Dương, Thái Nguyên, Tuyên Quang, Lạng Sơn, Cao Bằng, Hưng Hóa, An Quảng and Phụng Thiên prefect Phụng Thiên prefect becomed Hoài Đức prefect in 1804 and belonged to Bắc Thành

In 1831, Minh Mạng reformed the administration system: the country divided into 29 provinces, Thang Long belonged to Hanoi province Hanoi province contained 4 Prefects, 15 Districts, located between the Red River and Đáy River: Hoài Đức Prefects (3 districts: Thọ Xương, Vĩnh Thuận, Từ Liêm), Thường Tín Prefect (3 Districts: Thượng Phúc, Thanh Trì, Phú Xuyên), Ứng Hòa Prefect (4 districts: Sơn Minh, Hoài An, Chương Đức, Thanh Oai) and Lý Nhân and (5 districts: Kim Bảng, Duy Tiên, Thanh Liêm, Bình Lục, Nam Xang)

Thang Long in the Nguyen dynasty had two districts: Tho Xuong and Vinh Thuan, roughly equivalented to centre of present Hanoi: Tho Xuong district equivalented to Hoan Kiem and Hai Ba Trung District, Vinh Thuan district equivalented to Ba Dinh and Dong Da district According to historical records, in Gia Long dynasty, Tho Xuong district had 8 prefectures and 194 precincts, hamlets; Vinh Thuan district had 5 prefectures and 56 precincts, hamlets, camps At the end of Gia Long dynasty, due to the change of

Below was a map of the province of Hanoi in 1831:

1.3.1.1 Map: Province of Hanoi in 1831 (Le Duc Loc and Nguyen Tien painted in 1831)

1.3.2 Population and economy

Hanoi population in the mid -nineteenth century, according to some estimates by foreign authors, was from 100,000 to 150,000 From a capital city became the headquarters of the province, the position of Thang Long-Hanoi was reduced remarkably Economic role of Thang Long-Hanoi was affected but it still developed its own independent and thus, it keeped the face of urban Thang Long – Hanoi

Agricultural area of the municipality was extended still further, simultaneously with the development of the commercial area, from where concentrated in the east, spreading further to the southeast Some documents of Tho Xuong district in the Nguyen Dynasty in the 19th century showed a number

of more specific administration organization of ancient Thang Long-Hanoi and economic structure in thie period In the mid- nineteenth century, Hanoi was

In the Nguyen dynasty, Hanoi‟s economy before and during the French colonialist aggression, concentrated mainly in the area “36 streets” Although not planned, but the population and housing units in the area increased, forming dense Transport system based on Tô Li ̣ch river

Compared to the previous century, the development of Thang Long-Hanoi economics during the first half of the nineteenth century was not uniformity

“Đại Nam nhất thống chí ” listed out 21 streets located in Tho Xuong district

which included: Hà Khẩu street (Hàng Buồm street), Viê ̣t Đông , Hàng Mã (Trừng Thanh ), Hàng Mắm, Báo Thiên, Nam Hoa (Hàng Bè), Hàng Bồ (Xuân Yên), Hàng Bạc , Hàng Giầy , Mã Mây , Đồng Lạc , Thái Cực , Đông Hà , Phúc Kiến, Phục Cổ, Hàng Lam, Đồng Xuân, Thanh Hà, Hàng Gai, Hàng Đẫy, Hàng Chè

The streets of Hanoi in the nineteenth century, after centuries existed, gathered handicrafts and producers of professional skills The streets had the specialization in production as well as consumption of products Trafficking activities of Hanoi's network is quite dense Through a lot of history periods of the country, Thang Long-Hanoi still served an important economic center, had a broad relationship with the domestic market and partly with foreign countries

1.3.3 Culture and society life

With a literary and artistic tradition, as well as polite manners, Hanoi in the Nguyen dynasty continued to shine his influence as one the largest cultural center of the country Traditional culture space of Thang Long-Hanoi was maintained through the undergraduate science education, religion and belief as well as artistic and cultural

1.4 Overview of Tho Xuong district in 19 th century

district did not have walls, just surrounded by planting bamboo fence; the perimeter was 80 units of ten feet

1.4.2 History & adminitration features of Tho Xuong district

Tho Xuong district was one of the district of ancient Thang Long, basically corresponding to Hoan Kiem, Hai Ba Trung and Dong Da district of modern Hanoi

In the Le dynasty, Tho Xuong district named Vĩnh Xương district along with Quảng Đức district become Phụng Thiên prefect, consisting of 18 precincts

in the south of Thang Long in Le dynasty In the Mac dynasty, Vĩnh Xương renamed to Tho Xuong In the Nguyen Dynasty, Tho Xuong district and Vinh Thuan district belonged to Hoài Đức prefect

In early 19th century, Tho Xuong had 193 adminitration place name units

of 8 prefectures In 1831, it had 115 adminitration place name units of 8 prefectures

After French President decreed the establishment of Hanoi city (October

1st, 1888) King Dong Khanh had ceded permanently to France edict of Hanoi, Tho Xuong district was abolished

Now, the Tho Xuong name was left in a small alley of Hang Trong Precinct, Hoan Kiem District

1.4.3 The history periods of the 19th century Tho Xuong district

On the basis of important historical landmarks of Tho Xuong district, as specified in subsection 1.4.2, we temporarily divided Tho Xuong history into three main periods:

- Period 1: from 1802 to 1831: Tho Xuong district belonged to Hoai Duc Prefect, from 1802 to 1831 (Minh Mạng year)

- Period 2: From 1831 to 1887: Tho Xuong district belonged to Hanoi province, from 1831 to 1887 (the year of founding of Hanoi city)

- Period 3: After 1887: Tho Xuong district after the founding of Hanoi

Chapter 2 ADMINISTRATION PLACE NAMES OF THO XUONG

DISTRICT IN THE PERIOD 1802-1831

2.1 Overview of administration system of Tho Xuong district in the period

1802 – 1831

Local administration in Gia Long dynasty almost unchanged and followed the way of organizing by Nguyen lords (in the South) and Le - Trinh (in the North) Hanoi in this period had 4 works recorded, which were:

- Các trấn tổng xã danh bị lãm, , edited in 1810-1813 in Gia Long

dynasty

- Bắc Thành địa dư chí lục, Le Chat edited in1818-1821

- Đại Việt địa dư toàn biên, Nguyen Van Sieu and Bui Quy edited in Tu

Duc year (1882)

- Thăng Long cổ tích khảo tịnh hội đồ, Dang Xuan Khanh edited in 1956

The above documentations showed: Hoai Duc prefect in Gia Long dynasty had 2 districts: Tho Xuong and Vinh Thuan, had total of 13, 250 communes, hamlets and precincts Tho Xuong district had 8 prefectures and Vinh Thuan district had 5 prefectures

Việt Nam

Gia Định thành

(trấn)

Sơn Nam

Thượng

(trấn) Sơn Nam Hạ

(trấn)

Kinh Bắc

(trấn) Sơn Tây

(doanh) Quảng Bình

(trấn) Quảng Ngãi

(doanh) Quảng Trị

(trấn) Bình Định

(doanh) Quảng Đức

(trấn) Phú Yên

(trấn)

Hải Dương

(trấn) Thái Nguyên

(trấn)

Lạng Sơn

(trấn) Phiên An

(trấn) Biên Hòa

(trấn) Vĩnh Thanh

(trấn) Định Tường

(trấn) Bình Thuận

(trấn) Nghệ An

(trấn) Tuyên Quang

2.2 Precincts of Tho Xuong district in 1802 – 1831

10 below charts show location of Tho Xuong district in the map of Vietnam, as well as list all of adminitration place names of Tho Xuong district

in 1802-1831

Chart 2.2.1: Location of Thang Long-Hanoi in Vietnam

(1802-1831)

Thành Thăng Long

Hoài Đức Prefect

Tả Túc Prefecture Tiền Túc Prefecture Hữu Túc Prefecture Hậu Túc Prefecture

Tả Nghiêm Prefecture Tiền Nghiêm Prefecture Hữu Nghiêm Prefecture Hậu Nghiêm Prefecture

Thượng Prefecture Trung Prefecture Nội Prefecture

Hạ Prefecture Yên Thành Prefecture

Chart 2.2.2: Location of Tho Xuong district in Thang Long-Hanoi

(1802-1831)

Tả Túc Prefecture

Trừng Thanh hamlet Thượng Trừng Thanh Trung Sài Thúc hamlet Trừng Thanh Trung Bè Thượng

Trừng Thanh Trung Ngũ Hầu hamlet Trừng Thanh Trung Cựu Vệ Tả hamlet

Ngoại Ô giáp Hương Bài phường Đông Hà hamlet Nghĩa Dũng hamlet

Trung Liệt Miếu Bến Đá hamlet Tây Luông Đồn Bến Đá Thị hamlet

Đình Hạ phường Phục Cổ hamlet Thủy Cơ Đông Trạch precinct Thủy Cơ Trúc Võng precinct Thủy Cơ Biện Dương precinct

Thủy Cơ Tự Nhiên precinct

Chart 2.2.3: Place names of Tả Túc prefecture, Tho Xuong district

(1802-1831)

Some basic characteristics:

1 In terms of the number of hamlets and precincts: Tả Túc prefecture had

23 hamlets and 6 precincts

2 In terms of the number of Vietnamese name & Chinese name:

+ Vietnamese name: 1 hamlet (Hàng Lược hamlet)

+ Chinese name: remaining 28 hamlets, precincts

3 In terms of the number of syllables:

+ 2 syllables: 6 place names

+ 3 syllables: 2 place names

+ 4 syllables: 9 Place names

+ 5 syllables: 9 Place names

+ 6 syllables: 2 place names

 Trừng Thanh Trung Cựu Vệ Tả hamlet

 Tây Luông Đồn Bến Đá Thị hamlet + 8 syllables: 1 place

 Ngoại Ô giáp Hương Bài phường Đông Hà hamlet

Tiền Túc Prefecture

Yên Thái hamlet

Chart 2.2.4: Place names of Tiền Túc prefecture, Tho Xuong district

(1802-1831)

Some basic characteristics:

1 In terms of the number of hamlets and precincts: Tiền Túc prefecture

in the period 1802-1831 included 25 hamlets and 4 precincts

2 In terms of the number of Vietnamese names and Chinese names:

- Vietnamese names: 2 hamlets

 Hàng Nồi hamlet

 Hàng Đàn hamlet

- Chinese names: 27 remaining hamlets, precincts

3 In terms of the number of syllables:

- 2 syllables: 15 Place names

- 3 syllables: 7 place names

- 4 syllables: 3 place names

 hamlet Yên Nội Đông Thành

 Trung phường Cổ Vũ hamlet

 Thượng phường Cổ Vũ hamlet

- 5 syllables: 4 place names

 Yên Nội phường Cổ Vũ hamlet

 Thị Vật phường Cổ Vũ hamlet

 Trung Hạ phường Cổ Vũ hamlet

 Chùa Tháp phường Báo Thiên hamlet

Hữu Túc Prefecture

Hàng Chè hamlet Kho Súng hamlet Hàng Chài hamlet Hậu Bi hamlet Đông Yên hamlet Trung Nghĩa hamlet

Nam Hoa hamlet Hạ Khẩu precinct

Ưu Nhất hamlet Đông Các precinct Hậu Lâu hamlet Diên Hưng precinct

Tả Vọng hamlet Nhiễm Thượng phường

Đông Tác hamlet Hàng Cá hamlet Dũng Hãn precinct

Chart 2.2.5: Place names of Hữu Túc prefecture, Tho Xuong district

(1802-1831)

Some basic characteristics:

1 In terms of the number of hamlets and precincts: Hữu Túc prefecture in the period 1802-1831 included 15 hamlets and 3 precincts

 Hạ Khẩu precinct

 Đông Các precinct

 Diên Hưng precinct

2 In terms of the number of Vietnamese names and Chinese names: + Vietnamese name: 4 hamlets

 Hàng Chè hamlet

 Hàng Chài hamlet

 Hàng Cá hamlet

 Kho Súng hamlet

+ Chinese name: 14 remaining hamlets, precincts

3 In terms of the number of place names syllables: All of 18 place names

of this prefecture were 2 syllables

Hậu Túc Prefecture

Tiền Trung hamlet Nhiễm Trung phường Đông Tác hamlet

Hậu Đông Hoa Môn hamlet

Chart 2.2.6: Place names of Hậu Túc prefecture, Tho Xuong district

(1802-1831)

Some basic characteristics:

1 In terms of the number of hamlets and precincts: Hậu Túc prefecture in

the period 1802-1831 included 15 hamlets and 2 precincts

2 In terms of the number of Vietnamese names and Chinese names:

- Vietnamese names: 1 hamlet

 Cầu Cháy hamlet

- Chinese names: 16 remaining hamlets, precincts

3 In terms of the number of syllables:

- 2 syllables: 13 Place names

- 3 syllables: 1 place

 Đông Hoa Môn hamlet

+ 4 syllables: 1 place

 Hậu Đông Hoa Môn hamlet

+ 5 syllables: 2 place names

 Đông Hoa Môn Nội Tự hamlet

 Nhiễm Trung phường Đông Tác hamlet

Tả Nghiêm Prefecture

hamlet

Thống Nhất hamlet Trung Tự phường Đông Tác hamlet Thịnh Xương hamlet

Chart 2.2.7: Place names of Tả Nghiêm prefecture, Tho Xuong district

(1802-1831)

Some basic characteristics:

1 In terms of the number of hamlets and precincts: Tả Nghiêm prefecture

in the period 1802-1831 included 17 hamlets, precincts 5 and 1 camp

2 In terms of the number of Vietnamese names and Chinese names:

- Vietnamese names: 1 hamlet

 Hàng Bài hamlet

- Chinese names: 22 other hamlets, precincts and camp

3 In terms of the number of syllables:

- 2 syllables: 14 Place names

- 3 syllables: 5 place names

- 4 syllables: 1 place

 Cẩm Chỉ Hạ Bán hamlet

- 5 syllables: 3 place names

 Nhiễm Hạ phường Đông Tác hamlet

 Trung Tự phường Đông Tác hamlet

 Đông Hạ phường Phục Cổ hamlet

Tiền Nghiêm Prefecture

Chart 2.2.8: Place names of Tiền Nghiêm prefecture, Tho Xuong district

(1802-1831)

Some basic characteristics:

1 In terms of the number of hamlets and precincts: Tiền Nghiêm prefecture in the period 1802-1831 included 30 hamlets, there was no such unit

of precincts and camps like other prefectures

2 In terms of the number of Vietnamese names and Chinese names:

- Vietnamese names: 1 hamlet

 Hàng Dầu hamlet

- Chinese names: 29 remaining hamlets

3 In terms of the number of syllables:

- 2 syllables: 21 hamlets

+ 3 syllables: 3 hamlets

 Yên Trung Thượng hamlet

 Yên Trung Hạ hamlet

 Khâm Thiên Giám hamlet

+ 5 syllables: 6 hamlets

 Thương Môn Hạ phường Báo Thiên hamlet

 Thương Đông Hạ phường Báo Thiên hamlet

 Thương Môn phường Báo Thiên hamlet

 Cửa Nam phường Đông Tác hamlet

 Bắc Thượng Bắc Hạ phường Cổ Vũ hamlet

 Nam Môn Thị Hoa Ngư hamlet

Hữu Nghiêm Prefecture

Tạo Đề hamlet

Chart 2.2.9: Place names of Hữu Nghiêm prefecture, Tho Xuong district

(1802-1831)

Some basic characteristics:

1 In terms of the number of hamlets and precincts: Hữu Nghiêm prefecture in the period 1802-1831 included 26 hamlets and one precinct

2 In terms of the number of Vietnamese names and Chinese names:

- Vietnamese names: 3 hamlets

 Hàng Gạo hamlet

 Ngõ Hàng Cờ hamlet

 Hàng Bột hamlet

- Chinese names: 24 remaining hamlets, precincts

3 In terms of the number of syllables:

- 2 syllables: 20 Place names

- 3 syllables: 5 place names

Hậu Nghiêm Prefecture

Chart 2.2.10: Place names of Hậu Nghiêm prefecture, Tho Xuong district

(1802-1831)