điều tra cơ bản đánh giá tác động môi trường tăng trưởng kinh tế bắc bộ phục vụ quy hoạch phát triển bền vững năm 1999 - 2001

2 Sir dung cac thong tin cao khong da lira chgn trong birac 1 cac thanh phan gio Irung binh theo chieu cao u va v dugc tinh cho lop lu be mai cho den diem lu6i bang do cao xao iron.. Cae

Phan Ma dau 1 ChuoTig 1: Mo hinh Mesopuff II 4

1.1 Ca sa ly ihuye't 4 1.1.1 Xirly cac yeu to khi lugtig Mesopac 4

1.1.1.1 Trucmg gio 4

1 1.1.2 V^n i6c ma sal be mat 7

1.1.1.3 Do cao 16p xao Iron 10

1.1.2 Tinh loan khuech tan trong Mesopuff 11

1.1.2.1 Phucmg trinh khuech tan chum khoi 11

1.1.2.2 PhuoTig trinh Ian truyen chum khoi 13

1.1.2.3 Ham lay m^u chum khoi 15

1.2 Can true chuang Irinh 16

1.3 Cac modun chinh 17

1.3.1 Chuong trinh Read62 17

1.3.2 Chuotig irinh Mesopac 20

1.3.3 Chuong irinh Mesopuff 24

1.4 Yeu eau ve so lieu 30

Chuang 2 Tinh toan lugng phat thai 33

2.1 Mot sdphuong phap lijihloan lugng phat thai theo so lieu saeap 33

2.1.1 Cach ixac tinh khi thai cua To chire Y le the gi6i (WHO) 33

2.1.2 Cach Lr6c linh ciia Strauss W., Mainwaring S J 42

2.1.3 Cach ix6c tinh khi thai theo Van phong Tieu ehudn va Ke hoach

Chat lugng Khong khi, ciia Caquan Bao ve moi trirang My 43

2T.4 Uoc tinh theo Du an nghien ciru, cai thien moi trirong cho

thanh pho Ha Ngi, Cong ly hgp tac qude le - Nhal Ban (JICA) 47

2.2.Nhanxet 48

3.1 Khai qiial chung ve hien trang moi trucmg khong khi khu vue Ha ngi 53

3.2 Tinh loan ap dung 53

3.2.1 So lieu khi lugng 53

3.2.2 l/dc tinh khi thai lai cac ngudn 57

3.2.3 Ket qua linh loan va so sanh vai ket qua do dac 58

3.3 Danh gia anh hucmg cua he so khuech tan 64

Phan Ket luan 71

Tai lieu tham khao 73

Phuluc 75

Phulue 1 76 Phu liic 2 79

Nen c5ng nghiep the gi6i ngay cang phat irien da gop phan cai thien, nang cao chat lugng euge song ciia eon nguai, song cung keo theo hang loat cac van de phuc tap khac, trong do c6 van de ve 6 nhi6m moi trucmg [1-7]

ChungTa deu biet r ^ g khong khi la moi trucmg song cua muon loai va la tai nguyen v6 cung qui gia cua nhan loai nhimg bau khong khi xung quanh la khong phai la v6 Ian Chinh vi vay, van de chong 6 nhiSm moi trucmg khong khi la nhiem

vu bans dau irons eon^ cuoc bao ve va lam saeh moi trucmfr khons khi" noi riene va moi trucmg song noi chung

O nhiSm khong khi con gay ra cac hien tugng mua axil, hieu iing nha kinh, thiing lang ozon va nhung bien ddi khi hau mang tinh chat loan eau nhu lam tang nhiet do irai dat, dan^ cao muc nir6c bi^n, tans cac hien tuons thien tai lu lut

Moi tmang khong khi a nirac la, dac biet la a cac khu cong nghiep va do thi Ian vin dang ton tai nhung dau hieu o nhiSm dang lo ngai Phan Ion cac nha may, xi nghiep ehua dugc trang hi cac he thong Igc, xu ly bui va khi doc hai va hang gia, hang ngay thai vao bau khi quyen mot lugng khong 16 cac chat doc hai, lam vain due khong khi ca mot viing rgng 1cm xung quanh nha may

Muc do 6 nhiSm khong khi gan mat dat khong the ehi danh gia bang lugng thai cua cac nguon 6 nhiSm ma eon b^ng sir phan bo cua cac chat 6 nhi^m trong khong gian va theo thai gian thong qua cac tham so cua cac h6n hgp hoi khi doe hai

va bui Sir phan bo nay phu thuge vao cac dieu kien khi tirgng nhu che do gio, nhiet

do, lugng may v.v [8 - 15]

\'ai cac bai loan eu the khac nhau, nhung dai lugng khi tirgng khac nhau can phai CO de linh loan sir phat tan ciia cac tap chat, nhung bai loan nay ec) the dirge phan loai dua vao nhung gia thiel ve quang duang Ian truyen ciia lap chat: No thoat

Neu du bao hay biel Inrdc dugc cac tham hoa xau ve moi trucmg xay ra, c6 the giup chung la phong tranh hay lam giam ihieu dugc cac ihiet hai do Do vay, van

de du bao 6 nhiSm moi tnrong khong khi c6 mot y nghia rat quan irgng trong euge song hang ngay cung nhu irong cong vi6c ciia chung la

Hien nay d^ linh loan muc do o nhiSm moi trucmg, phii thugc vao nhieu yeu

to, a cac nu6c nguai la xay dirng va sir dung nhieu phan mem khac nhau vi du nhu:

CDM, MPTER, ISC, ROADWAY, MESOPUFF H, LADM, v.v Trong luan van nay

chung loi lira chgn mo hinh JVTESOPUFF n [19] va mot so van dt lien quan lam doi

tirgng Mo hinh MESOPUFF II dugc USEPA (Cue moi tmong My) phe duyel cho phep sir dung danh gia linh loan chat lugng moi trucmg khong khi khu vue Mo hinh MESOPUFF II la mo hinh chong chum khoi c6 quy dao bien thien Mo hinh nay phu hgp cho viee mo hinh hoa qua trinh truyen lai, phat tan cua cac chat 6 nhilm ti^r cac nguon di6m, nguon duong va nguon dien lich tai cac khoang each virgt qua khoang each thich hgp cua cac mo hinh Gauss truyen thong vai quy dao ehiim khoi theo duang thang Day la bg phan mem 1cm long cong khoang 10.000 dong lenh, chia lam nhieu modun, va cac chuong trinh con

Muc dich cua luan van:

- Tim hieu va nSm vTrng kha nang sir dung bg chuong trinh tinh loan 6 nhiSm moi trucmg khu vue MESOPUFF II

- Phan lich, danh gia mot so yeu to ca ban anh huong den ket qua linh loan nong do cac chat gay c) nhiSm

- Ap dung tinh loan, phan lich cho mot ddi lugng, khu vire eu thd

Bo cue cua luan van ngoai Phan Ma dau, c6 3 chuong ngi dung trong do

Chuong I: Mo hinh MESOPUFF II, giai thieu ve bg phan mem ca so khoa

hge va eau triic chuong trinh

Chuong H: Tinh loan lugng phat thai, de cap den vi^c tinh loan lugng phat

thai i\i cac so lieu sa cap theo mOl so phuong phap ihOng dung hien nay, eijng mot

so phan lich danh gia

Chuong HI: Tinh toan ap dung cho viing Ha Ngi, so sanh vai so lieu do dac

cung nhu danh gia kha nang ap dung m6t s6' tham so xac dinh theo so lieu do dac a

Viet Nam

\^a cuo'i Cling la Phan Ket luan

Trong luan van su dung cac so lieu ve khi tugng va nguon trong Du an Dieu

tra Co* ban cap ISHia nude "Dieu Ira ca ban, danh gia tac dgng moi trucmg vung tang

tmang kinh le Bde bg phuc vu quy hoach phat iri^n ben vung" nam 1999 - 2001

Sir mem mong dugc ihe hien ro rang trong su lira chgn 16p phu hgp nhat dc5i v6i m6i trucmg gio Bang 1.1 irinh bay cac lira chgn cho phep

Bang LL Cac lira digit trirang gio lap dirdi va tren

Lira ebon Du lieu klii tirons

Gio trung binh theo chieu cao

Tu be mat den do cao xao iron'" Be mat, cao kliong

Do cao xao Iron den 850 mb Cao khons

Do cao xao Iron den 700 mb'^* Cao khong

Do cao xao iron den 500 mb Cao khong

Gio rieng le tai lung muc do

Be mat Be mat

850 mb Cao khong

700 mb Cao khong

500 mb Cao khong

gio k^p thap va gio trung binh lir dinh lop xao Iron den do cao 700 mb (~ 3000m) cho tarcmg gio lop tren Tuy nhien, neu muon, ngirofi su dung c6 the lira chgn nhung muc khac de xac dinh trucmg gio (vi du, 16p be mat, lap 850 mb) Mo hinh c6 the

tao ra mot tnrcmg gio duy nhat bang vice cho trucmg gio 16p tren va lap dirai giang

nhau

Gio trung binh lai Icp xao Iron dirge tinh tu so lieu do gio 2 lAn/1 ngay tu cae tram cao khong va so lieu be mat trucmg gio lir mang lu6i day dac hon cae tram mat dat Toe do gio trung binh theo ti^mg Icp va hucmg gio dugc tinh loan tu cac so lieu cao khong dugc sir dung de chinh hirang gio mat dat theo lung gia Quy irinh 5 biroc theo Draxlar 1979, dugc sir dung de xac dinh gio trung binh 16p xao iron tai m6i diCm

(1) Thong tin cao khong dai dien (00 hay 12 GMT) dugc lira chgn tren ca

sa lap on dinh cua tram be mat gan nhat ve khong gian so vai diCm lirai

va thai gian trong ngay Cac dieu kien on dinh, khong on dinh hay can bang phiem dinh-dugc gia thiet dai dien phu hgp cho cac thai di^m 00

va 12 GMT

(2) Sir dung cac thong tin cao khong da lira chgn trong birac (1) cac thanh phan gio Irung binh theo chieu cao u va v dugc tinh cho lop lu be mai cho den diem lu6i bang do cao xao iron

(3) Sau do tinh ty le ciia iCk do gio trung binh theo lap so vai loe do gio bo

mat tai tram cao khong va sir khac biet ve huong gio ciia chung

(4) So lieu gic) be mat theo gia dugc sir dung d^ ngi suy khong gian cac

thanh phan gio be mat u, (dong), v^ (bac) tai lung diem luoi Du lien tit

tai ca cae tram be mat trong vising do nguai sir dung xac dinh cac diem luoi dugc sir dung de tinh loan u„ v^ phi^i hgp nhu sau:

r^: la khoang each lir tram be mat l6i diem lucifi (i,j)

a^: he so ly Irgng (a^ - 1- 0.5 I sin(j), I, trong do (j), la gck giua huong

gio quan irAc dugc va ducmg noi giua tram be mat va diem lirai) (5) Gio trung binh ciia lop xao iron tai diem lirai dugc tinh bang each nhan

toe do sio be mat tai diem C) luc^i da tinh duac irons bu6e (4) vai li le toe

do gio cua tram cao khong gan nhat Tirong tu nhu vay huung gic) be mat

dugc dieu chinh bang he so hirang gio

Cae thanh phan gio be mat u^, v^ trong bircye (4) can dugc tinh theo limg gia

khong phu thuge vao lira chgn ciia ngirc)i sir dung ve trudng gio dung de tinh Iruyen

lai, vi gio be mat cung can de tinh do on dinh khi quydn va cac tham so khi tugng

lung khu vue

Gic) trung binh theo chieu cao lir do cao iron cho tai cac mire 850 mb, 700mb

hay 500 mb dugc tinh theo each sau \'ao li'ie 00 va 12 GMT tai mOi tram cao khong

triroc he'l dugc ngi suy theo thai gian, va sau do irung binh theo lop lir diem luoi tinh

CO do cao bang do cao trgn den muc phii hap (vi du, 700 mb) Gic^ lai cac diem (i,j)

dirc}'e xac dinh theo cong Ihire (1.1) bang each lay long theo cac tram cao khong thay

vi cac tram be mat Chi nhung tram cao khc')ng trong viing chgn anh hucmg eiia diem

lu6i da cho can dugc dua vao Do cao xao iron can phai thap hon miie ap suai xac

dinh dinh cao ciia lap dc^ neu khong chircmg trinh se thong bao loi va dung ihue

hien

thdi gian gio a muc 850 mb tai m6i tram cao khong, va sau do ap dung cong thiic

1.1 de lay long theo cae tram cao khong

7.7.7.2 \'gn tdc ma sat be mat

Van lo'c ma sal be mat u^ c6 the dugc linh thong qua cae so lieu khi tirgng

neu biet cac dac trung nham ciia be mat Tru6c het, dong nhiet be mat eo the dugc

tinh thong qua danh gia dong bue xa Sau do u^ dugc xac dinh qua toe do gio, do

nham be mat va dong nhiet

Dong nhiet H dugc tinh phu thuge vao gia trong ngay theo cae phuong irinh

sau cua Maul 1980

HQ! la d5ng nhiet khi khong eo bue xa mai lr6i (W/m^)

a: la hang so su dung dat (-0.3)

R: la bue xa mat trai (W/m^)

P: la he so giam bite xa mat trai do may

v: la goc nghieng bue xa mat Ircfi

C: la do due ciia \6p may (theo phan chuc)

Trong Bang 1.2 cho Irirae cac gia iri cua he so giam hue xa mat trai do may

(P) Gia iri ciia P dugc dieu chinh theo so lieu cua Maul 1980

Sin cua goc nghieng so v6i birc xa mat trai sin v dirge tinh nhu sau:

sin V == sin(t) sinK^ + cos,i} cosK^ cosH^ (1.5)

1 + b ^ o u* = u*<l + aln

k: la hang so Von Karman (•-0.4)

Cp: la nhiet dung rieng ciia khong khi a ap sual khcing doi (996m'/(s~.K)) u^: la van toe ma sat be mat

Ujj,: la toe do gio (m/s) do tai do cao z ^ (m)

ZQ! la do nham be mat (m)

p: la khoi lugng rieng ciia kliong khi (kg/m^)

Trong dieu kien on dinh, u dirge xac dinh theo phuong phap eiia N'enkatram

2 YZm

U = — —

° kA

(1.21) Trong do Y va A la cac hang so c6 gia tri mac dinh phii hop bang 4.7 va 1100 con CDX la he so can

1.1.1.3 Do cao lop xao trgii

Trong nhiJng gid ban ngay, b6c xa mat tr6i chieu xuong mat da't tao nen dong nhiet duong (di len) va chinh dong nhiet nay la nguyen nhan gay phat trieJn ci'ia 16p

xao Iron doan nhiet Neu biet sir thay doi theo gid ci^ia H, do cao lop xao tron z, lai th6i diem x+l c6 the tinh dugc qua z, tai th6i diem i (Maul 1980)

vi/i! la toe do giam nhiet do the vi trong lap tren Z;

At: la bu6e thai gian (3600s)

E: la hang so ( 0.15)

AG: la su gian doan nhiet do a lang iren cua 16p xao iron

Toe do giam \\j^ dugc xae dinh thong qua 16p Az a tren do cao xao trgn cua

gid Irirac Doi v6i thai gian ban ngay tinh den 23 GMT, so lieu do phat tin budi sang

(12 GMT) tai tram do gan nha't dugc sir dung de linh \\jy Sau 23 GMT, bu6i chieu toi

(00 GMT) so lieu phat tin dirge sir dung De tranh nhirng kho khan trong linh loan, v|;i khong cho phep nho hon gia tri loi thieu la 0.001 ^K/m

Trong dieu kien can bang phiem dinh, do cao Idp bien (do irng sual trugi shear produced tao nen) dugc tinh theo cong thi're cua \^enkatram 1980:

-Bu,

Trong do:

f: la tham so Coriolis

B: hang s6 {jl)

Ng: la tan so Brunt - Vaisala trong 16p bien on dinh

Do cao xao lr6n ban ngay la maximum cua cac gia tri doi luu va ca hgc xac dinh theo cac cong ihurc (1.23) va (1.24)

Trong 16p bien on dinh, v6i ca hgc quyet dinh muc do phat tan theo chieu thang ditng Venkalram (1980) da dua ra quan he cua ihuc nghiem sau de linh loan

z, = N u - y - - • (1.25) Trong do N la hang so v6i gia Iri mac dinh la 2400

1,1.2 Tinh toan khuech tan trong Mesopuff

Ca sa loan hgc cua chuong trinh la mo hinh chum khoi (pufQ Gauss Mo hinh chum khoi (puff) Gauss eo the dugc coi nhu dirge cai lien iix mo hinh luong

khoi Gauss (plume) d^ linh den sir bien d6i cac diiu kien khi hau trong mot vung

Ion Ca sa loan hgc eiia mo hinh luong khoi Gauss iruyen thong da dugc nen nhieụ

Vi vay trong phan dúdi day ehi nhán manh va ehi tiet hoa vao nhung diem khac

nhaụ

7.7.2.7 Pliuang trinh titniech tan ctnim t^twi Gauss

Mesopuff n la mot mo hinh ch6ng cae chum khoi dang Gauss c6 quy dao

bien thien Doi lugng ap dung theo thiet ke mo hinh la nhung vijng cc) kich ihirac a quy mo khu virc (mesoscale) De tinh den su bien thien tnrcmg gio trong vung, mot luong khc5i lien tuc dugc mo phong nhu nhieu chiim khoi roi rac Dich chuyen va khuech tan ciia m6i chi^im khoi khong phu thuge vao cac ehiim klioi khac Phuong trinh mo la phan bo Gauss doi xiing ngang cua mot ehiim khoi eo dang:

r^(s) C(s) = - ^ 8 ( s ) e x p

2%ộ\s) 2â,(s)

(1.26)

g (s) =

Trong do:

C(s) - Nong do cha't o nhiSm lai miJc be mat

s - Khoang each da di dugc cua chum khoi

Q(s) - KhO'i lugng cha't 6 nhiSm trong chiim khoi

ay(s) - Do lech ca sa ciia phan bo Gauss theo phuong ngang

az(s) - Do I6ch ca sa cua phan bo Gauss theo phuong dung

r(s) - Khoang each t6i lam chum khoi

Z; - Do cao lofp xao Iron

He - Do cao hieu dung cua lam chum khoi

Cac tham so Oy va a^ trong mo hinh Gauss truyen thong dugc tinh nhu mot

ham phu thuge vao khoang each l6i nguon du6i dang:

a = ax^ (1.28) Trong do:

a,b - Cac h6 so phu thuge miic do on dinh eiia khi quyen

«

X - Khoang each t6i nguon

Tuy nhien phuong trinh (1.28) ehi diing trong truang hgp do on dinh khong

thay ddi trong qua trinh dich chuyen ciia luong khoi Trong trirang hgp cc) su thay

ddi, mo hinh sir diang cong Ihuc sau eiia Ludwig:

Gx la khoang each dich chuyen giua hai bir6c th6i gian t -1 va l

ay, by, a^, b^ la cac hang s6' ihuc nghiem thay ddi theo lap on dinh khi

b, 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 • 0.9

az 0.00023 0.058 0.11 0.57 0.85 0.77

b

2.10 1.09 0.91 0.58 0.47 0.42

1.1.2.2 Ptnrang trinh tan truyen chum tdioi Gauss

Cac chiim khoi dugc Ian iruyen theo ham quy dao Lagrange Sir thay ddi vi tri

eiia chum khoi trong khoang ihdi gian At dugc m6 la bai phuong irinh:

t+At

x(t + At) - x(t) + Ax - ju[t'; x(t'); y(t')]lt'

t t+At

y(t + At) = y(t) + Ay= |v[t';x(tO;y(t')]lt'

(1.33)

(1.34) Trong do [x(l), y(t)] va [x(l+At), y(n-At)] la tam chiJm khoi tai cae thai di6m i

va t+Al tirong tag; Ax va Ay la cac so gia ciia cac khoang each x va y di chuydn ciia

ehiim khoi; u va v la cac ihanh phan van tcie cda gio

Cac lich phan (1.33) va (1.34) dugc xap xi bang phuong phap ngi suy luyen

tinh dup (bilinear) hai birac theo khong gian va thai gian

Toa do ciia lam chiim khoi dugc xac dinh bang each danh gia trung binh vee

ta ciia hai so gia dich chuyen Hinh 1.1 minh hga gia so dich chuyen So ra thir nhat

dugc xac dinh v6i gia thiet cac thanh phan gio tai [x(t), y(l)] la kiiong ddi trong

khoang thai gian At Tuc la:

X, =x(t) + (Ax), (1.35)

y, =y(t) + (Ay),

(Ax), -u[t;x(t),y(t)]At

(Ay),=v[t;x(t),y(t)]At

(1.36) (1.37) (1.38)

Hintx 1.1 Tinh quy dao tdm cua ctnim khoi

Tuy nhien, vi van tdc gio thay ddi theo ca khong gian va thai gian, nigt so gia

ihit hai sir dung dd linh loan sir dung (Xj, yi) nhu didm bat dau ciia quy dao va cac

thanh phan gio lai thdi diem t+At tai didm (Xj, y^) Gia sir gio la khong ddi trong

khoang lh5i gian At, diem cuo'i ciia gia so nay bang:

x^ = x , +(Ax)3 (1.39)

y , - y , +(Ay)3 (1.40) (Ax), =u[t + At;Xj,y,)]At (1.41)

(Ay), =v[t + At;x,,y.)]At (1.42)

Dal Irgng so cho hai so gia bang nhau, vi tri mai cua chiim khoi [x(l+At),

y(l+At)] la didm giua [x(l), y(t)] va [X2, y^J:

x(t + At)-x{t)+0.5[(Ax), + ( A X ) J (1.43)

y(t + At) = y(t) + 0.5[(Ay),+(Ay)J (1.44)

Cac thanh phan van tcic gio u va v dugc xac dinh ehi tai cac diem Krai va cac

thcVi diem each nhau mgl gict Cac thanh phan gio ciia tam chum khoi lai [ha\ diem i

ba't ky thii dugc lir mot he ngi suy tuyen tinh dup sau:

1.1.2.3 Ham lay mdu ctiiim tdioi

Mesopuff II mo phong mot luong khoi lien tuc la mgl day cac chum klic)i roi rac Tdng nong do cua luong khoi dugc linh bang each láy tdng eiia tirng chilim khoị Nong do ciia tirng chiim khoi dugc tinh bang viee lay tich phan tren toan bg khoang

di chuydn ciia chiim khoi, va bu6c láy mSu As

As-"' 27râ (sj

r^(s) 2ậ(s)

Trong do g(s) duóc tinh tir phuong trinh 1.27 Neu gia thiet rang s phu thuoc theo bir6c lay mSu trong r(s) va Q(s), tich phan tren duroc viet lai nhu sau:

8(s) C(r,s)

Qo, Qn la khoi lugng cha't thai (g) trong chi^im khoi tai thdi didm bat dau

va ket thue ciia bu6c lh5i gian ^^

(Xj., yd la toa dgdiem do (m),

(X[, y,) la loa do ciia chum khoi (m) lai diem bat dau bir6c la'y mau

Ax va Ay la cac so gia cua cae khoang each x va y di chuyen ciia chum

khoi theo birde la'y mau

1.2 Cau triic chu'cmg trinh

Chuong trinh MESOPUFF la mot thanh phan cua bg chuong trinh

MESOPUFF n Bg chuong trinh nay con ehua cac chuong trinh lien xu ly cac so

lieu khi tugng (READ62, MESOPAC) va chuong trinh xir ly cac ket qua ndng do du

bao (MESOFILE) Dirdi day trinh bay mo la ngdn ggn cho tijng chuong trinh, ehi

liel ve each chay, dau vao va dau ra dugc trinh bay trong cac phan sau

Chuong trinh READ62 dgc va xu ly cae du lieu cao khong ihu dugc hai Ian

mot ngay tir cac tram liJa chgn READ62 trich ra cac du heu can dung cho chuong

trinh MESOPAC tiJ tep du lieu dirge ghi theo khuon dang chuan TD-6201 ciia NCC

(Trung lam khi tugng qude gia Hoa ky) READ62 quel cac du lieu khi quyen tren

cao, kiem tra va dua ra thong bao cho nhirng dir lieu hi thieu hoac kliong day dii

Mgl tep du lieu cao khong dugc tao ra theo khuon dang thich hgp va c6 the' dugc

hieu chinh bai ngudi diing Tep nay dugc dicing lam dau vao cho chuong trinh

MESOPAC

MESOPAC la chuong trinh xu ly so lieu thdi tiet, chuong trinh tinh loan ngi

suy theo khong gian va ihdi gian cho cae trudng cua cac dai lugng dac trung cho klii

hau (nhu gio, d6 cao lr6n v.v.) Nhung trudng sd lieu dugc sir dung cho chuc:)ng irinh MESOPUFF de mo la cac qua trinh Ian iruyen va khuech Ian MESOPAC dgc cac tep du lieu khi quydn iren cao ihu dugc tir READ62, cac tep du lieu khi hau be mat lai cac tram (theo khuOn dang chuan CD 144 eiia NCC) va cac tep du lieu v^ mua (theo khuon dang chudn TD9657 ciia NCC) Mgl tep ra duy nhat ehua tat ca cac trudng cua cac bien khi hau da ngi suy dugc tao ra lam dau vao cho chuong trinh MESOPUFF

MESOPUFF la mo hinh chdng chi^im khoi dang Gauss, quy dao bien thien, dugc thiet ke de xir ly su bien ddi theo khong gian va thdi gian eiia cac qua trinh Ian truyen, khuech tan, phan img hoa hgc va phan buy trong pham vi mien quan lam Vdi each chong cac chi^im khoi, luong khoi lien tuc dugc mo hinh bang cac chi^im khc5i rieng biet, m6i chum khoi chuyen dgng khong phu thuge vao cac chiim khc5i khac M6i ehiim khoi phat Irien do qua trinh khuyech lan, chuyen ddi hoa hgc mat

di do mua va lang dgng kho xudng b6 mat Tdi da 5 cha't gay 6 nhi^m c6 thd dugc

mo phong dong ihdi

MESOFILE la chuong trinh xu ly tep nong do thu dugc tu viee chay chuang trinh MESOPUFF Nhirng chuc nang hien c6 cua MESOFILE bao gdm: lay trung binh nong do theo thdi gian eiia cae didm tinh tren lirdi hoac cac didm linh rieng biet, phan tinh ihdng ke su khac nhau giua didm vcti diem hoac giua cac viing ciia cac trudng nong do, va cudi ciing la cac kha nang lay tdng va lay ty le

1.3 Cac modun chinh

1.3.1 Chuang trinh Read62

Chitc nang:

Tien xu ly du lieu khong khi phia tren (du lieu cao khong), chuong trinh nay dgc mgl tep du lieu cao khong, trich ra cae du lieu tai cae miie ap suai doi hoi, tao ra tep du lieu dinh dang cho chuong trinh lien xir ly sd lieu khi tugng (MESOPAC)

Tep du lieu vao:

•read62.inp' - Tep vao'chua cae tham sd dieu khien cho moi lan chay

'td6201.dai' - Tep dii lieu cao khdng can xir ly theo khuon dang lieu chuan TD-6201

Tep ra

'read62.1sf - Tep ghi lai cac ket qua chung ciia lan chay

'up.dat' - Tep dii lieu cao khdng dugc xir ly va dinh dang cho chuong trinh lien xir ly sd lieu khi tugng MESOPAC

Chi tiet cua tep dii lieu vao read62Jnp (khuon dang tu do)

Chi tiet cua tep du lieu cao khong theo khuon dang TD-6210

Don^ Ihon^ tin dau cho mdi thdi diem do dac sd lieu cao khons

STNID: Ten iram

LAT: \T do ciia tram theo do va phut, theo sau bdi 'N' (Bac) hoac 'S' (Nam)

LON: Kinh do ciia tram theo theo do va phiit, theo sau bcVi "E' (Dong) hoac ' W (Tay)

YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HOUR: Nam, thang, ngay, gid Ihuc hien quan irae NUMLE\': Sd cac nhom lap ma no bieu thi sd muc du lieu co trong quan trac cao khong

Du lieu cho limg miie ap sual

QIND Ky hieu kiem tra do chinh xac ciia muc do

Ghi chii: y nghia ci!ia cac ky hi6u kiem tra d6 chinh xac cua viee do ddi vdi

cac dir lieu theo ehu^n TDF6021 dugc quy dinh nhu sau:

0 Cac gia tri gdc la chinh xac

1 Cac gia Iri gdc bi thieu

2 Cac gia Iri gdc la kh6ng chae chan, mgl muc da hieu chinh theo sau

3 Cac gia iri gdc la khong chae chan, khong hieu chinh

4 Cac gia tri gdc cd l6i, mot mire da hieu ehinh theo sau

5 Cac gia tri gdc cd l6i, khong hieu chinh

6 Miic da hieu chinh

9 Miie khong kiem Ira

A-Z Thay ddi nhieu lan irong cac nam

ETIME Thdi gian trdi qua ke tir liie iha bong tham khong (kliong sir dung trong chuong irinh nay)

PRES ap sual khi quydn tai miie do hien tai (Milibar)

HGT Do cao theo dia hinh (Mel)

TEMP Nhiet do khong khi d mu'c do hien lai (Do Celsius tinh le den mot phan mudi)

RH Do am tirong ddi d muc do hien tai (7c)

WD Hudng gid d muc do hien lai (Mel/giay)

TIMEF, PRESF, HGTF, TEMPF, RHF, WINF

Cac ky hieu kiem ira do chinh xac cho cae dai lugng do luong ung

TYPELV Ky hieu dang ciia muc do hien tai (khong sir dung trong chuong trinh nay)

1.3.2 Chuang trinh Mesopac

Chicc nang:

MESOPAC la chuong trinh lien xii ly khi hau, chuong trinh nay thue hien linh loan cac trudng ngi suy theo khong gian va thdi gian ciia cae bien khi hau Nhung du lieu khi hau dau vao bao gdm: cac tep du lieu cao khong dirge tao ra bdi

chuong trinh READ62, cac du lieu quan trac khi hau be mat li^rng gid va du lieu mua lijng gid

MESOPAC xiJ ly du li6u khi hau cho tdi da 25 tram quan trac be mat va 10

tram quan trac du lieu cao khong Du lieu mua timg gid khong bat huge phai c6

Tep dO: lieu vao:

'pac.inp' - T6p vao chu*a cae tham sd dieu khien cho mdi lan chay

'upl.dal' 'upl0.dat' - Tep du lieu cao khong eiia mdi tram da dugc xir ly bang chuong trinh READ62

'cdl.dat' 'cd25.dat' - T e p du lieu khi lugng be mat cua mdi tram

'preeip.dat' - Tep du lieu mua cho cac tram

Tep ra

'pac.lsl' - Tep ghi lai cac ket qua chung ciia lan chay

'pacout.dat' - Tep binary chira du lieu khi hau da xir ly va ngi suy cho cac 6 lirdi, si^r dung cho chuong trinh MESOPUFF

Chi tiet cila tep du lieu vao pac.inp

Nhdm I - Tieu de (1 ddng)

TITLE(20): Tieu de khong qua 80 ky tu

Nhdm 2 - Cac thong tin chung (1 ddng)

NYR: Nam chay (2 chu sd)

IDYSTR: Ngay Julian bat dau

IHRMAX: So gid chay

NSSTA: Sd tram quan trac du lieu khi hau be mat

NUSTA: Sd iram quan trac du lieu cao khong

IBTZ: Mien thdi quan quy chieu

Nhdm 3: Du lieu ve lirdi tinh

IMAX Sd diem luai theo chieu X (tay-dong)

JMAX So diem ludi theo chieu Y (nam-bac)

DGRID Budc ludi

Nhdm 3: Nhung lira chgn cho viee dua kel qua ra

LSAVE Ne'u LSAVE=T, trudng khi hau ra dugc ghi ra tep, ngiigc lai

neu LSAE=F, trudng khi hau se khong dugc ghi ra

LPRINT Bien dieu khien viee in ra may in, neu LPRINT-T, trudng

khi hau ra dugc in ra 'IPRINF' gid mgl lan Neu LPRINT=F, trudng khi hau ra khong dugc in ra

IPRINF Khoang thdi gian (theo gid) cho mdi lan in trudng khi hau

Chi sir dung neu LPRINF^T (IPRINF>1) LBD Bien dieu khien viee in trudng khi hau vao va cae tham sd

tinh loan trung gian Neu LBD=T, cac du lieu se dugc in cho nhung Ihdi diem ehi ra bdi NDYI, NHRl, NDY2 va NHR2 Neu LBD=F, du lieu se khong dugc in (Vi thong tin nay thirdng la khong can thiet cho cae budc linh sau, nen LBD=F ddi vdi phan Ion cae ap dung)

NDYI Ngay Julian bat dau viee in du lieu khi hau vao va cac tham

sd tinh loan trung gian Chi sir dung neu LBD=T

NHRl Gid (00-23) bat dau viee in du lieu khi hau vao va cac tham

sd linh loan Irung gian Chi sir dung neu LBD=T

NDY2 Ngay Juhan ket thue viee in du lieu khi hau vao va cac tham

sd tinh toan trung gian Chi sir dung neu LBD=T

NHR2 Gid (00-23) ket thiie viee in du lieu khi hau vao va cae tham

sd tinh loan trung gian Qii sir dung neu LBD=T

Nhdm 5: Ky hieu sd phan loai da't be mat cho mdi diem ludi 'JMAX' ddno mdi ddng cd IMAX ky hieu sd cho loai dat (tuong irng vdi toa do X tir L tdi IMAX) Ddng dau tien chiia cac gia tri cho Y^JMAX, ddng thir hai cho Y=JMAX-1, v.v.:

ILANU(40, 40) Ky hieu sd loai dat sir dung cho mdi didm ludi

Nhom 6: Nhung lua chgn cho viee ihay ddi cae gia iri ngam dinh

lOPTS(l) Bien dieu khien do cao do van tdc gid Neu bang 1 ngudi

sij dung phai dua vao do cao do van tdc gid be mat (tai nhdm 7) Ne'u bang 0, gia tri ngam dinh 10m dugc sir dung I0PTS(2) Bien dieu khien hang sd Von Karman Neu IOPTS(2)=l,

ngudi sir dung phai dua vao cac gia tri cua hang sd von Karman (tai nhdm 8) Neu IOPTS(2)=0, gia tri ngam dinh bang 0.4 dugc su dung

10PTS(3) Bie'n dieu khien viee dua vao cac hang sd van tdc ma sat y

va A Ne'u I0PTS(3)=1, ngudi su dung phai dua vao cac gia tri dd (lai nhdm 9) Neu 10PTS(3)=0, cac gia tri ngam dinh y=0.47 va A=l 100 dirge sir dung

I0PTS(4) Bie'n dieu khidn viee dua vao cac hang sd do cao trgn (B, E

Az, dQIdz^^, N) Neu I0PTS(4)=1, ngudi sir dung phai dua

vao cac gia tri hang sd dd (tai nhdm 10) Neu IOPTS(4)=0, cae gia iri ngam dinh sau dugc siJ dung: B=1.4L E-0.15, Az=200m, 50/az^,=:O.OOlO'^K/m, N=2400

I0PTS(5) Bien dieu khien viee dua vao cac bie'n ngi suy trucmg gio

RADIUS, ILWF, lUWF (lai nhdm 11) Ne'u I0PTS(5)=L ngudi sir diing phai dua vao cac gia tri ciia cac bie'n dd Neu IOPTS(5)=0, cac gia tri ngam dinh sau dugc sir dung: RADIUS-99, ILWF=2, IUWF=4

I0PTS(6) Bie'n dieu khidn cho cac do dai dac trung rap be mat Ne'u

I0PTS(6)=1, ngudi sir dung phai dua vao cac do dai dac trung rap be mat tai mdi didm ludi (lai nhdm 12) Neu IOPTS(6)=0, cac do dai dac trung rap be mat duc}e xac dinh tuane irns vdi loai be mat tai diem ludi dd

I0PTS(7) Lira chgn each danh gia ddng nhiet sir dung dil lieu cao

khong Phan chgn nay dugc thiet ke cho tirong lai Trong phien ban hien tai I0PTS(7) phai bang khc')ng

IOPTS(8) Bien dieu khien viee vao cac he sd thu nhd hue xa do may

bao phu Ne'u 10PTS(8)=1, ngudi sir dung phai dua vao I I

he sd luong ung vdi cac mitc do che phii mat trdi lir 1 den

10 phan mudi (lai nhdm 13) Ne'u 10PTS(8)=0, cac he sd ngam dinh sau dugc sir dung: 1.00, 0.91, 0.84, 0.79, 0.75, 0.72, 0.68, 0.62, 0.53, 0.41, 0.23

I0PTS(9) Bie'n dieu khien viee vao cac hang sd tinh ddng nhiet tai mdi

diem ludi Ne'u I0PTS(9)=1, ngudi sir dung phai dua vao cac gia tri RADC cho mdi diem ludi (lai nhdm 14) Nguge lai ne'u IOPTS(9)=l, gia tri ngam dinh RADC=0.3 dugc sir dung

lOPTS(IO) Lua chgn de chay tir mot thdi diem khac vdi thdi didm bat

dau ciia du lieu khi ban be mat va du lieu cao kliong lOPTS(lO) phai bang 1 ne'u ngay bat dau chay md hinh khong trung vdi ngay bat dau cua cac du lieu khi hau, nguge lai, lOPTS(lO) phai cd gia tri bang 0

Tir nhdm 7 de'n nhdm 14: Khai bao cac gia tri bien tuong ling neu bien dieu khien lOPTS tuong ung vdi nd cd gia tri bang 1

Nhdm 15: Du lieu ve cac tram be mat 'NSSTA' ddng, mdi ddng luong ung vdi mot tram:

IDCD Chi sd tram be mat cho du lieu CD 144 (5 chu sd)

XSCOOR Toa do X cua tram (theo don vi ludi)

YSCOOR Toa do Y ciia tram (theo don vi ludi)

SLAT VT do eiia tram (do thap phan)

SLONG Kinh do eiia tram (do thap phan)

SZONE Mien thdi gian eiia tram (5=EST, 6=CST, 7=MST, 8=PST)

ISUNIT So hieu tep du lieu CD 144 trong chuong trinh

IDPRCP Chi sd tram du lieu TD9657 (6 chu sd)

IPUNIT S6 hieu tep du lieu TD9657 trong chuong trinh

(IPUNIT=999 neu du lieu TD9657 khong cd cho tram nay)

Nhdm 16: Du lieu ve cac tram do dO: lieu cao khong 'NUSTA' ddng, mdi dong tuong ung vdi mdi tram:

IDTD Chi sd tram cao khong (5 chu sd)

XUCOOR Toa do X ciia tram (theo don vi ludi)

YUCOOR Toa do Y ciia tram (theo don vi ludi)

ULAT Vi do ciia tram (do thap phan)

ULONG Kinh do cua tram (do thap phan)

UZONE Mien thdi gian eiia tram (5=EST, 6=CST, 7=MST, 8=PST)

lUUNIT So hieu trong chuong trinh ciia tep du lieu TD6201 da xir

ly bang chuong trinh READ62

1.3.3 Chuang trinh Mesopuff

Chuc nang:

MESOPUFF la mot md hinh chdng cac chiim khdi cd quy dao bieii thien dugc thie'l ke dd linh de'n su bien ddi theo Ihdi gian trong mien quan tam ciia dich chuyen, khuyech tan, bie'n ddi hoa hgc va cac ca che lieu tan chat d nhiem xay ra Irong viing Cac luong khdi lien liie dugc md hinh nhu cae chiim khdi rcri rac Mdi chum khdi dich chuyen dgc lap vdi cac chiim khac MESOPUFF md hinh cho 5 chat

d nhiem (SO2, S04% NO,, HNO3, NO3) ddng thdi Chuong trinh cho phep xir ly 20 nguon diem va 5 nguon dien Chuong trinh cung cho phep tdi da 180 didm tinh rdi rac va 1600 diem tinh ludi hoa (40x40)

Tep du lieu vao:

'puff.inp' - Tep vao ehua cac tham sd dieu khien cho mdi lan chay

'ozone.dat' ~ Tep du lieu do d zdn (khong bat budc)

a

'pacout.dat' - Tep dir lieu khi lugng da dugc tinh loan ngi suy bdi chuong irinh MESOPAC

Tep ra

'puff.lsl' - Tep ghi lai cac ke'l qua chung cua lan chay

'puffout.dal' - Tep binary chira nong do du bao tinh loan dugc

'fluxwel.dal', 'fluxdry.dal' - Cac tep binary ehua ket qua du bao lang dgng udl va lang dgng khd

Chi tiet cua tep du lieu vao puff.inp

Nhdm 1 - Tieu de (1 ddng)

T1TLE(20): Tieu de khong qua 80 ky tu

Nhdm 2 - Nhung ihdng tin chung cho lan chay

NSYR Nam chay (2 chu sd) NSDAY Ngay Julian bat dau NSHR Gid bat dau (00-23) NADVTS Sd gid chay

NPTS So nguon diem NAREAS So nguon dien tich

NREC So diem tinh rdi rac NSPEC Sd chat d nhiem dugc md hinh (NSPEC=I,2,3 hoac 5):

NSPEC^l choSO^

NSPEC=2 cho SO,, S04^

NSPEC=3 cho SO,, SO^^

NSPEC=5 cho SO2, S O / , NO,, HNO3,

N03-Nhdm 3: Cac bien linh loan

1A\^G Thdi gian lay nong do trung binh NPUFF Tdc do thoat ra eiia cae chum khdi (sd chiim klidi/gid) cho

mdi nguon NSAMAD Bien quy dinh each chgn tdc do lay mau Neu L\''SAMP=T,

toe dd la'y man se tang len khi van tdc tang len theo phuong trinh sau day: NSAM=MAX(NSAMD, WSAVSAMP+1, irong dd WS la van tdc gid va WSAMP la mgl van tdc gid quy chieu do ngudi sir dung dua vao (xem phan dudi) Neu LVSAMP=F, tdc do la'y mSu khdng phii thuge vao van tdc gid

LSGRID Bie'n dieu khien viee tinh nong do tai cac diem lay m&u

Ne'u LSGRID=T, ndng do dugc linh lai cac didm ludi lay mau (cae tham sd xac dinh ludi la'y mau dugc khai trong nhdm 4) Phan chgn nay cho phep lie'l kiem nhieu thdi gian linh ne'u ehi ndng do lai cac diem linh rdi rac can quan tam AGEMIN Tudi tdi thieu ciia cac chum khdi dugc lay mSu Phan chgn

nay dugc ihiet ke' dd khir cae dinh ndng do tai cae didm tinh rat gan vdi cac nguon Noi chung, AGEMIN can Idn hon

3600 s

Nhdm 4: Cac ihdng tin ve ludi

lASTAR Toa do ciia ludi khi hau theo chieu X xae dinh diem bat dau

cua mien tinh lASTAR Toa do ciia ludi khi hau theo chieu X xae dinh diem ket

thue ciia mien linh JASTAR Toa do cua ludi khi hau iheo chieu Y xac dinh diem bat dau

ciia mien tinh JASTAR Toa do ciia ludi khi hau theo chieu Y xae dinh didm ket

thue cua mien tinh ISASTR Toa do cua ludi khi hau Iheo chieu X xac dinh didm bat dau

ciia mien lay miu ISASTP Toa do ciia ludi khi hau theo chieu X xae dinh didm kei

thiicciia mien la'y mSu JSASTR Toa dd ciia ludi khi hau theo chieu Y xac dinh didm bat dau

cua midn la'y mSu JSASTP Toa do ciia ludi khi hau iheo chieu Y xac dinh diem ke'l

thue cua midn la'y mSu MESHDN He sd budc ludi la'y mau Budc ludi lay mau la

DGRID/MESHDN, trong dd DGRID la budc ludi khi hau (m) da xae dinh khi chay chuong trinh MESOPAC Cd ciia ludi la'y mSu khdng vugt qua 40x40

Nhdm 5: Nhung lua chgn ky ihuat

LGAUSS Lua chgn phan bd ndng dd theo chieu diing Neu

LGAUSS^T, mgl phan bd ndng do theo chieu dirng dang Gauss vdi cae sd hang phan chieu dugc gia sir cho mdi chiim khdi Neu LGAUSS=F, cac chiim khdi gap dat ngay lap lire dugc gia sir cd dang phan bd deu theo chieu dirng LCHEM Lua chgn bie'n ddi hoa hge Ne'u LCHEM=T, cac qua trinh

bie'n ddi hoa hgc dugc mo hinh Ne'u LCHEM=F, cac bien ddi hoa hgc khdng dugc md hinh

LDRY Lira chgn lang dgng khd Ne'u LDRY=T, lang dgng khc^

duac md hinh Neu LDRY=F, lane dono khd khdno duac

md hinh

LWET Lira chgn lang dgng udt Neu LDRY=T, lang dgng udt dugc

md hinh Ne'u LDRY=F, lang dgng udt khdng dugc md hinh

L3VL LiJa chgn md hinh Idp bien dirng Neu L3\'L=T, md hinh 3

Idp bien theo chieu dung dugc sir dung Neu L3VL=F, mo hinh mot Idp bien dugc sir dung

Nhdm 6: Lira chgn dau ra ciia chuong trinh

LSA\^E Bie'n dieu khien viee ghi ra dia hoac bang Neu LSA\'E=T

ndng do dugc ghi ra dia hoac bang Neu LSA\^E=F, ndng

dd khdng dugc ghi ra

Bie'n dieu khien viee dua ra may in Ne'u LPRINT=T, ndng

dd dugc in ra sau tirng 'IPRINT' gid Neu LPRINT=F, ndng

Budc Ihdi gian bat dau viee in cac du lieu chiim khdi tinh toan Irung gian

Budc Ihdi gian ket thiie viee in cae du lieu chiim khdi linh loan trung gian

Nhdm 7: Phan chgn ghi de cae gia tri ngam dinh

lOPTS(l) Bie'n dieu khidn viee dua vao cae tham sd khuyech tan Neu

I0PTS(1)=1, ngudi sir dung phai vao cae gia tri eiia cae tham sd sau day lien quan den khuyech tan: a,,, b^,, a^, b^, a^, T^, JSUP Ne'u IOPTS(1)=0, cac gia tri ngam dinh cho cae tham sd dugc sir dung

I0PTS(2) Bie'n dieu khien viee vao cae hang sd khuye'ch tan dirng Chi

sir dung ne'u L3VL=T Ne'u I0PTS(2)=I, ngudi sir dung phai vao cac cae gia tri hang sd kj, k, trong phuong trinh xae dinh he sd khuye'ch tan xoay Idp bien Neu IOPTS(2)=0, cac gia tri ngam dinh kj^O.OI va k2=0.1 dirc)'e sir dung

I0PTS(3) Bien dieu khidn viee vao sue can tham thue vat vdi S02

Neu I0PTS(3)=1, ngudi sir dung phai vao cac gia tri sue can tham thue vat vdi S02 (re) Neu IOPTS(3)=0, cac gia tri

ngim dinh (thay ddi theo loai da't va muc do on dinh khi quyen) dugc sir dung

I0PTS(4) Bie'n dieu khidn viee vao cac tham sd lang dgng khd Chi sir

dung neu LDRY=T Neu I0PTS(4)^1, ngudi sir dung phai vao cac gia iri cho re (NOx), r^ (khi) va r^ (bui) Neu IOPTS(4)=0, cac gia tri ngam dinh ciia cac tham sd dd dirge sir dung

10PTS(5) Bie'n dieu khidn viee vao cac gia tri ciia cac tham sd rira iroi

do mua Chi sir dung neu LWET^T Ne'u I0PTS(5)=L

ngudi sir dung phai vao cac gia tri cho X Neu IOPTS(5)-0,

cae gia tri ngam dinh trong cac bang dugc sir dung

I0PTS(6) Bie'n dieu khidn viee dua vao cac tham sd lien quan den md

hinh hoa cac bie'n ddi hoa hgc Ne'u I0PTS(6)=1, ngudi sir

dung phai vao cac gia tri cho cae tham so do Neu

IOPTS(6)=0, cae gia tri ngam dinh dugc sir dung

Nhdm 8-NTidm 13: Khai cac gia tri cac bie'n & cac tham sd ne'u cac gia tri noam dinh khdns duac ebon

Nhdm 14: Cae diJ lieu nguon didm 'NPTS' ddng, mdi ddng cho mgl diem nguon

XSTAK Toa do X ciia nguon diem (trong he toa do khi hau)

YSTAK Toa do Y ciia ngudn diem (irong he toa do khi hau)

HTSTAK Do cao dng khdi (m)

D Dirdng kinh dng khdi (m)

W Van tdc phat thai

TSTAK Nhiet do khi thai (^K)

EMlS(l-5) Tdc do phat thai ciia cac chat d nhidm 1-5

Nhdm 15; Du lieu ngudn dien tich 'NAREAS* ddng, mdi ddng eho mgl notion dien tich

Nhdm 16: Toa do cac diem tinh rdi rac ' N R E C ddng, mdi ddng cho mot diem linh rdi rac

XREC Toa do X ciia didm linh rdi rac (trong he toa do khi hau)

YAR Toa do Y eiia diem tinh rdi rac (irong he toa do khi hau)

1.4 Yeu cau ve sd iieu

Trong muc nay trinh bay tdng quat nhung loai du lieu can cd de chay bd chuong trinh MESOPUFF Chi tie't ve khuon dang ciia du lieu khi dua vao cae chuong Irinh dugc irinh bay trong cac muc sau

Du lieu vao dugc ddi hoi bdi chuong trinh MESOPUFF va cac chuong trinh lien xir ly ciia nd cd the phan ra la bdn nhdm:

1 Cac tham sd dieu khidn qua Irinh chay

2 Cac dir lieu khi lugng

3 Cac dir lieu ve be mat

4 Cae diJ lieu ve ngudn va sir phat thai

Gia tri ciia cae tham sd dieu khien cua chuang trinh dugc ngudi diing cho dd dinh rd mgl lan chay nhu: ngay bat dau va khoang thai gian tinh, nhung lira chgn phuong phap, ky ihuat ap dung, lira chgn vao ra v.v Cac muc sau se md la ehi tiet cac tham sd dieu khidn chay cho limg chuong trinh

Dau vao du lieu khi lugng eho chuong trinh MESOPAC bao gdm:

- Du lieu cao khdng 1 ngay 2 Ian

- Du lieu khi lugng be mat hang gid

- Du lieu do dac mua hang gid

Chuong trinh dugc thie'l ke' de sir dung irire lie'p cac tep sd lieu cd khudn dang chuan ciia NCC

Thdng ihudng, du lieu cao khdng thu dugc tir cac tram quan trac tai Hoa ky 1 ngay 2 lan vao 00 GMT va 12 GMT Chuong Irinh irich cac ihdng tin sau day cho mdi muc do:

Du lieu dugc ddi hoi ghi theo khudn dang TD-6201 ciia NCC

Du lieu khi hau bd mat hang gid cho MESOPAC chira cac Ihdng tin sau:

- Mitc do bao phu ciia may

So lieu mua cd lir cac tram dugc ghi theo khudn dang TD9657 MESOPAC

duac thie'l ke' dd dgc 2 lep dii lieu tir mdi tram - mot tep chira cac sd lieu theo khudn dang CDI44 va mot tep rieng ehita du lieu lugng mua theo khudn dang TD9657

Dane du lieu can cd thir ba la cae dac tinh be mat dac trung cho mdi d hxai

Mac dil ngudi sir dung cd thd ehi ra cac thdng tin ehi tiet nhu do dai dac irung linh

rap va cac sue can ciia tham thue vat, nhirng cac thdng tin dd thirdng khdng c6 \ 1 vay, chuono trinh ehi ddi hoi thong tin ve cac loai dat be mat dugc dua vao Do dai

dac trung cho linh rap bd mat va sire can cua Idp tham thue vat (da chgn trirde) ung vdi mdi loai da't be mat dugc gan trong chuang trinh cho mdi d ludi

Dang du lieu can cd Ihit tu la cac du lieu ve ngudn thai d nhidm MESOPUFF

md phong sir phat thai lir hai loai ngudn: ngudn didm va ngudn dien

Cac Ihdng tin sau day dugc ddi bdi cho mdi ngudn didm;

• Vi tri ngudn (x, y iheo dan vi ludi)

• Do cao dng khdi

• Dudng kinh dng khdi

• van tdc khi thai

• Nhiet do khi thai

• Tdc do phat thai ciia mdi loai cha't d nhiSm

Ngudn dien dugc lua chgn khi can md phong mot sd Idn cae ngudn diem nhd hoac cac ngudn thai khdng phai la ngudn didm Nhung thdng tin sau day dirge ddi hoi cho mdi ngudn dien:

• Vi tri ngudn (x, y theo don vi ludi)

• Do cao phai thai hieu dung

• Cd chum khdi ban dau (a,, a^)

• Tdc do phat thai ciia mdi loai cha't d nhidm

CHUONG 2 TINH TOAN LUONG PHAT THAI

2.1 Mot sd phucmg phap tinh toan lugng phat thai theo sd lieu sa cap

O nude la dang dien ra qua trinh dd thi hoa va cong nghiep hoa tirong ddi

nhanh, dac biet la d cac vung Irgng diem phat trien kinh le' Vi vay hien trang cha't

lugng mdi Inrdng dd thi va khu edng nghiep nude la bie'n ddi hang nam, theo ehidu

hudng bat Igi, vi cha't thai d nhidm tir san xuat cong nghiep, giao thdng van lai va

sinh boat dd ihi ngay cang lang ve sd lugng, chiing loai va tinh dgc hai Cd nhieu

khu che' xua'l va khu edng nghiep mdi dang hinh thanh, dd la cac khu edng nghiep

mdi, ngudn thai lap Irung trong pham vi lanh thd khdng nhd, chung se gay d nhidm

cac vLing xung quanh, do dd se md rgng dien lich cae viing bi anh hudng ciia d

nhidm san xua't edng nghiep

Cac phuong lien giao thdng van tai cung dong vai ird quan trgng trong viee

phat thai cac cha't d nhidm khdng khi nhat la trong cac thanh phd Idn

Ngoai cac ngudn d nhidm ke tren con cd ngudn d nhidm do sinh boat ciia con

ngudi gay ra chu ye'u la do dun va Id sirdi sir dung nhien lieu than da, eiii, dau hoa va

khi ddt Nhin chung ngudn d nhidm nay la nhd, nhirng dac diem ciia nd thirdng gay

6 nhiem cue bg trong gia dinh

Sir phai thai d nhilm vao khi quydn phu ihugc vao timg nganh cong nghiep

khac nhau va phu thugc vao cac boat ddng khac nhau Dudi day la mot sd each udc

linh khi thai do sir dung nhien lieu (tinh cho cac chat d nhidm SO2, NO^, CO, TSP):

2.1.1 Cach udc tinh khi thdi cua To chitc Y te the giai (WHO)

Theo each tinh cua WHO [16] phat thai E cua chat gay d nhidm j dugc dien

ta bdi bidu thiic loan hgc nhu sau:

Ej = f(kieu ngudn, (2.1)

don vi cua boat ddng,

kich cd cua ngudn,

net dac trung ciia kieu ngudn hoac quy trinh ciia ngudn,

ludi ciia ngudn va sir tinh xao ciia ky ihuat,

nhung thdi quen van hanh va bao dirdng ngudn,

kidu va cac loai nguyen lieu thd dugc sir dung,

kieu, loai va ludi ciia cac phuong phap kidm soai dugc dung,

cac dieu kien xung quanh, v.v.)

Kieu nguon la mgl boat dgng phat sinh ra chat gay d nhidm, vi du: viee san xuat ra

xi mang, cac phuong lien van chuydn sir ddt chay nhien lieuv.v

Dan vi ciia tiogt dong dugc dinh nghia la each cd thd chap nhan viee didn ta boat

dgng ciia ngudn da cho Cac don vi cd thd sir dung dd cung ca'p cac don vi do ciia cac dich vu (vi du: sd dam ciia phuong lien van chuyen v.v.), nguyen lieu ihd dugc tieu ihu (vi du: nhien lieu dau dirge ddt chay bdi noi chung cong nghiep v.v.), hoac cac san pham dugc san xua't ra (vi du sd lugng xi mang dugc san xuai trong nha ma\' san xuat xi mang v.v.)

Kich ca cua nguon, mac dii la mgl tham sd chinh, ehi lien he gian tiep vdi chuan hoa

tdc do phat thai (lugng phat thai tren mot dan vi boat dgng) Nhin chung nhung ti le vira phai se lam cho viee thiet ke va thi hanh lot hon, ddng thdi vice dieu khidn sir phat thai chat che hon trong nhung don vi Idn hon Tliem vao dd, dc')'i vdi ngudn thai edng nghiep, lira chgn mgl qua trinh eu the dd sir dung thirdng dap khudn bdi kich

cd nha may Vi nhung ly do dd ma lidu chuan phai thai thdng thirdng se nghiem ngat hon nhieu lan ddi vdi nhung nha may Idn

Nhilng dgc trung hoac quy triiiti cd lien quan rat nhieu den nhidu loai \'a rat nhieu

cha't gay d nhidm thai ra tir cae ngudn edng nghiep Vi du, cac loai lo khac nhau tron'^ viee san xuat vdi va xi manu, hoac cac loai 15 thieu khac nhau trong cone nghiep luyen kim cho ket qua khac nhau rat Idn ve tdc do phai thai

Tudi ciia nguon va si/ tinh xao ciia AT thugt ttiam sd rat quan trong chiing thirdng

lam anh hudng dang kd den tai lugng phat thai Sir lao boa ciia mgl ngudn gay ra lugng phat thai cao hon khi cac phuong phap cd khuynh hudng lam mai dan linh ihirdns xuyen va sir boat dgng ciia nd eo xu hudng lam sai lech cae ehi liei ky ihual

trone cac thiei hi mdi Them vao dd, cac phuong phap eu hon khdng ihuan \a\ trong

vice ddi mdi cdn^ nohc Ve mat lu nhien su linh xao ky ihuai kh(")ng chi phu ihuoc

'^ "o'

vao ludi eiia ngudn ma con phu thugc vao sir ban hanh phap luat mdi trudng, cung nhu la cac khia canh bat budc luan theo

Nhung tlioi quen van lianh va bao duang nguon Ddi vdi cac ngudn phat thai edng

nghiep trong viing rgng Idn, sir boat ddng va duy tri Ihieh hgp cung cd quan he mat

thiel den cac gia iri va cha't lugng san phim va ddi vdi ly do nay dugc lam ihudng

xuyen dd tao thanh tieu chudn cd thd chap nhan Tuy nhien ddi vcii cae ngudn nho hon, su boat ddng va duy tri ngudn khdng thich hgp

Kieu va cac loai nguyen lieu ttw dugc su dung la nhung trudng hgp cd thd cd quan

he mat thiet de'n cac loai va rat nhieu chat gay d nhidm da phat thai Trong cac quy trinh edng nghiep kidu va sd lugng ciia cae nguyen lieu thd ihudng cd the sir dung thdng qua quy trinh de dugc sir dung va giai phong ra chat thai Tuy nhien, quan trgng nhat, va cd le anh hudng ndi bat nhat la ddi vdi trudng hgp cae ngudn ddt trong va ngudn ddt ngoai Ihi loai va sd lugng nhien lieu dugc sir dung tac dgng manh de'n chai lugng khdng khi thanh phd

Kieu loai va tudi cua cac ptnrang ptidp Idem soat dugc dung dd xac dinh cac he sd

loai bd ciia ngudn thai va do dd cd lien quan mat thiet den giai phong cac chai thai cudi Cling vao trong khi quydn

Dieu tiien xung quanh cd thd lam anh hudng dang ke den ide do phat thai

Mgl vai each udc tinh khi thai ve mot sd nganh cong nghiep va giao thdng:

• Cac nganh cong nghiep

Ddt chay than da anlraxit

Quy trinh

Than dd dugc nghien thanh

bot (than cam)

Khong qua bo loc

tan tan tan tan

TSP Kg/U

5 A L25 A 0.36A O.OIA

S 0 2 Kg/U

19.5S 19.5S 19.5S I9.5S

NOx Kg/U

9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0

CO Kg/U

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

1

Cac ndi chimg edng

nghiep va thuoTig nghiep '

Cac Id khu dan cu

Cae tuabin khi linh

Ddu mazut con du

Cac ndi chung lien ich

Khdng qua bd Igc

Lgc ESP - hieu sua't iha'p

Lgc ESP - hieu sua't cao

Cac ndi chung edng

nghiep va ihirong nghiep

Ddu boi tran tfidi ra

Cae ndi chung edng nghiep

va thuong nghiep

don vi nhien lieu (U)

la'n ta'n ta'n MWH

ta'n ta'n la'n tan

la'n

TSP Kg/U

0.28

0.36 0.710 0.369

P 0.5P O.IP

P

8.1A

S 0 2 Kg/U

20S

20S 20S 10.4S

20S 20S 20S 20S

20S

NOx Kg/U

2.84

2.60 9.62 5.01

8.5 8.5 8.5 7.0

2.7

CO Kg/U

0.71 0.71 2.19 1.14

0.64 0.64 0.64 0.64

0.67

a) Cac gid tri dgc trUng cua

0.5%

b) "P " ptidn tram trgng lugng

vao lugng xdng dugc su dung

• San xuait xi mang

'A " va " 5 " trong ddu boi tran tuang ung la 0.65%: yd

cua ctii (Pb) trong nliien lieu Gid tri ciia P phu thugc

(U) tan xi mang

TSP

Kg/U 1.9

S 0 2

K g U L02

NOx Kg/U 2.L5

Quy trinh

dd dugc sir dung nhu la nhien lieu)

Liru triJ than da (chi ne'u than da dugc

sir dung nhu nhien lieu)

Luu irir trong phong

Luu triJ trong ham dudi mat da't

Dap nat va sang than da (chi ne'u than

da dugc sir dung nhu nhien lieu)

Khong qua bg lgc

Lgc qua vai

Nghien nal than da

Phuong phap nung Irire lie'p

Phuong phap nung gian lie'p

Khdng qua bg Igc

Lgc qua vai

Cat giii* cac nguyen lieu thd

Viee van chuyen nguyen lieu thd

Khdng kiem soat dugc

Kiem soat dugc

Nung khd va nghien nat nguyen lieu

thd

Ld quy trinh khd

Khdng qua bd lgc

Lgc bang ESP va cyclon

Ld quy trinh udt

Khdng qua bd lgc

Lgc ESP

Lam nsLidi xi

Lam ngudi Id sudi

Khdng kidm soat dugc

Sir ca't giu XI Id

Cat giu trong phdng

Cat giu trong ham dudi mat dat

dan vi nhien Heu (U)

ta'n xi Id ta'n xi Id

ta'n xi Id ta'n xi Id

tan xi Id tan xi Id

tan xiId

ta'n xi Id tan xi Id

TSP Kg/U

0.1 0.1

0.18 0.002

0

10 0.1 0.14

1.5 0.075

128 0.34

120 0.39

10.6

0.12 0.12

S02 Kg/U

1.02 1.02

1.02 1.02

NOx Kg/U

— -

2.L5 2.15

2.15 2.15

• - - - —

Quy trinh

Nghien nat xi than

May can dng/chu trinh hd

Khdng qua bg lgc

Lgc ESP hoac lgc vai

May can dng/chu irinh kin hoac may

nghien lan

Khdng qua bd lgc

Lgc ESP hoac lgc vai

Cat giii xi mang Irong ham

Chuyen ird xi mang bang lau thuy

Bde hang rdi (khdng ddng bao)

Viee ddng bao

Khdng kiem soat dugc

Lgc vai

don vi nhien lieu (U)

ta'n xi Id la'n xi Id

ta'n xi Id la'n xi Id la'n xi Id

tan xiId

tan xi Id tan xiId

TSP Kg/U

10.6 0,05

85 0.43 0.13

0.1

2.2 0.01

S 0 2 Kg/U

-,

NOx Kg/U

1000 km

tan nhien lieu

1000 km tan nhien lieu

1000 km tan nhien lieu

1000 km tan nhien lieu

1000 km tan nhien lieu

TSP (kg/U)

0.07 1.00 0.07 0.83 0.07 0.66

0.05 1.14 0.05 0,91

SO2 (kg/U)

1.39S 20s 1.68S 20s 2.13S 20s

0.88S 20s

L I S 20s

NO, (kg/U)

1.58 22.74 1.92 22.74 2.57 24.12

1.98 45.01 2.35 42.61

CO (kg/U)

23.40 337.3 23.40 277.8 23.40 219.3

9.26 210.3 9.26 167.8