Khảo sát một số thông số tính năng và hàm lượng sản vật mài mòn trong dầu bôi trơn động cơ SAMDI trước và sau sử dụng XADO tại bộ môn kỹ thuật ô tô, Khoa Cơ khí

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7 @ J +T; <„ ar N K XBr NMlB raB r… HmM kbE †UB Hm CJ

7 7 7 $qH dEA <M T_ FEGH ;E:B ‡ ia <= Tr †j rtH Nar iBD; ;>? NˆH ‰Š N?

7 J 7 $qH dEA <M T_ FEGH ;E:B ‡ ia <= Tr †j rtH Nar iBD; ;>? NˆH ‰Š N?

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# b c!

BD ?Š€ r? FTH Na r=H HmM s iG <j ;G_ H BqH GH ;>? H OB <lB • Fy ?Mr… ;>? rTŠ rˆ; ia H BqH †„ ( b Nh rTŠ rˆ; H BqH †„ X U HBq_ Ho; Nar iBD; inEŠL c ?M r… ;T; ; B HBqH

E`B H “ ;>? rTŠ rˆ;€ H BqH †„ _ o H E=; iaM BjE ŠqE H: dEB NEZH raBr… Hy BL € N”M ˆ?€ W r… € F?B FˆH kM iZ a € Fw? ; s?€ i i

:B ihB h; H? r=H HmM s BDr io dE? Hm“ <tH m? HmM H OB X• HBq_ ;ZihB Hy <= ˆ? ia BD <lB ˆ? Na Fw ko BDE dEA ;T; Hm? H BqH †„ BD ;ˆ€ ia

z ko ;U D HBL HBq Nar BAr HT; ko raB r… ;>? r? FTH€ c ;?M <=

HB ;ZŠ ia HE`B H “ ;>? ;T; rTŠ rˆ;€ Hm? H BqH †„€ –r r? NlB BDE dEA XB Hq

ia ‰” =B <:B ihB <bE H _ TH HmB’

U D +?kM P U D HBqH XBDr EŠL BL NBDE ?Š U D :r XBr NMlB+?kM ?Š U D ‰? Q H a HyE rhB ;>? X M? “; iZH NBDE m? <OB r=H BAB _ T_

sE BDE BAB dEŠqH †aB HMT r? FTH€ <p H OB Bu_ ; u H? BAr †hH H OB B? †AM k —Fw? ; s? rTŠ X U ;b _ AB H TM mOB ra ;… H y; BD ?Š X B rTŠ <? MlH <= <p

H OB ; B _ V ;ˆ H ’ H G_ FM ihB _ _ T_ Fw? ; s? H U H O

a FB iBL € s B’E †BqH †? <bE ij U D +?kM qH Fz; rhB r˜ EŠ

BL ihB rM rE: < K; HBq_ ;Z ihB H a HyE ;U D X M? “; HBL HBq

L ™r <” ; “ H y; BD <p T H:H BD_ ihB <j HaB A <BC D;E FGE DH E<I DH

EJ < K LM <MF N O DB LPE FMQ FR ESC TU VIQ ESW XG YW ( #

ES ZY LM D= D[ T\ ,=TC E]Q &G FI E< PE EI/ <C= W ^<J_9

j HaB ;ˆ =B kE Hmn †aŠ pr J ; F?E

< W ` 8 QZQ E<Qa EJ < K ^b E< PE XG YW LM c< W c<;c d;Y Xe <

DB LPE FMQ FR ESC TU VIQ ESW XG YW9

< W f 8 I <a ,=TC LM g T\ 9

< W h 8 <iY <QaF ^<BC D;E FGE DH E<I DH EJ < K XG YW( # j DC D; < LZQ XG YW ( 2 k Yl YI D mE/ EHY XG ES ZY LMD= D[ T\ ,=TC9

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¡ J < K ^b E< PE Ys= XG YW 8 Na H EZH s k¢ <’ †B’E <lH rz; <= iaBDE dEA H y; BD ; z; W ;>? <= ;

¡ <I DH EJ < K ^b E< PE Ys= XG YW 8 Na ;T; <lB N K †B’E <lH rz; <=

ia BDE dEA Nar iBD; ;>? <= ; ˆ H ’ <„ N K HV W XY H EZH ;>?

# ! $ %& ' ( Na s <lB N K <M < K; X B <=

; Nar iBD; œ <BjE XBD ;o H ’ ˆ †B’E BD œ H:; <=€ HAB€ ia BDE FEGH ;>? <= ;

# ! $ %& ' (H ’ BD ; GH N K Nar iBD; ;>? <= ;

a ;T; H U F: Nar iBD; aŠ NEU NEU H ?Š <`B H ™M <t; <B’r X ?B H T; iZ a

`9`9`9 HY XG Ys= XG YW

`/ a F: i… dE?Š ;>? Hmo; X E£E HmM r=H < i„ H OB B?

i„ H O k¢ Na ) *+ , € iBqH H›H Na ¤i •_ ¥ Mt; ¤m_r¥

:; <= dE?Š ;>? H O H ?Š <`B HmM dET Hmn <= ; MlH <= € HE•

H E=; iaM <BjE XBD Nar iBD; Mt; ŠLE ;bE ;>? OB iZ a <= ;

b _ c †BDH r=H F: X TB BDr H:; <= dE?Š F?E <cŠ

- / 0 1 2( a H:; <= dE?Š kM a ; q HlM <„ m? Na

‰EGH _ TH <B’r <’ HV HMT ;U FEGH k? x?€ ;T; H U F: XV; H h; ; †A

;>? <= ; ia <’ Ny? ; “ ; q <= Nar iBD; K_ Nv „ Hm h; qH _ o H E=; iaMro; <V; Fw ko € Xq HBq_ Na BDE FEGH€ HE`B †j €<= HB ;ZŠ€;U D ; q HlM€i i

- 3 4 1 52( a H:; <= dE?Š Nh GH ra a ; q HlM ; M_ ‡_ Fw ko HmM r=H X MA H OB B? ‰T; <„ ra <= ; X U †„ dET HAB

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- 3 6 1 2( a H:; <= dE?Š ž GH€ HlB <ˆ <= ; i• ;ˆ

H ’ MlH <= ` <„ ˆ < K; dEŠqH <„ †œB <BjE XBD <Ar †AM ; M dEA Hmn ; TŠkB¦ m? r=H ;T; ` <„ œ H:; <= dE?Š H G_ BjE <ˆ _ o H E=; iaM ; GH N K H BqHXq€ ; q HlM€ N›_ mT_ ia Hn Hml XY H EZH ;>? <= ; = ; ;ˆ + ž F§ ;ˆHE`B †j ;?M ia HBLE ?M BL NBDE VH in H OB B? MlH <= œ ; q <= dE?Š

;y; HB’E ;>? NMlB <U ; aŠ ; Bqr H£ ND <T X’ HmM H` H OB B? iZ a

<= ; a <= ; ;ˆ + ž F§ <Ar †AM HV ? HMa ia HB ;ZŠ ;?M X B iZ

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a ;U kM rUB ; GH ;U HT; FB m? HmM r=H ; E Hmn H y; Hq ; ? ‰‡H <q_ b H` H GH ; “; ˆ H ’ ‰T; <„ ;U ; ® H „ F?E

E

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LLL

mM <ˆ ¡ N K BDH ; E Hmn PN K BDH FB m? X B <:H ; TŠ Ma HMa

N K BL NBDE < ? iaM †Ep <:H HmM r=H ; E Hmn ;U HT;Q

∆ ¡ H` BDH W †„ H` H GH HmM r=H ; E Hmn BDH <= H y; Hq

+ ¡ H` H GH kM Nar rTH P_ b BDH W HmEŠj H¨ rUB ; GH ;U HT;

dE? iT; ‰ŠN? ; M rUB ; GH Nar rTHQ

T; kl H` H GH W N K F?E <cŠ H O < K; HV iaM ;U H` H GH ; “;

¡ ` H GH kM r? FTH Bs? ;T; ; B HBqH ;>? <= ; ; EŠ’ <= H <:B ihB ?E

¡ ( b W N K HBLE ?M ; M iBD; k• <= ;T; H BqH †„ ia ; ;GE ;>? †A H c <=

; € † r BL NBDE€ † r kbE †UB Hm € † r h; Nar rTH€ ; ;GE _ c _ :B X V€

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a ;U FEGH ;>? <= ; < K; <M œ <bE m? ;>? Hmo; X E£E

¨ ;T; <„ x? ;>? ;U FEGH€ T_ FEGH HmE †n ;>? ; E Hmn ia H:; <= dE?ŠH? ;ˆ ;T; ;U H z; ‰T; <„ ;U FEGH ; ® H „ ia ;U FEGH ;ˆ V; k hB <cŠ

X U †„ dET HAB ij ; ia BDH HmM s <BjE XBD dEŠ h;

T; <BjE XBD ; †A dEŠ h; X B ‰T; <„ ;U FEGH k? x? ;>? € †?M pr

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@# ! " - M 1 92

a ;U FEGH ;>? <= ; <” < K; BDE ; ® H ™M ;T; <BjE XBD HBLE ; E^ BLE ; E^

BDH ?r P Q S{C • •C dEŠ <„ ;T; dEŠ <`B ;U FEGH <= ; <BL±™ X U HW

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S¡ ;U FEGH ;>? <= ; HmM <BjE XBD rUB Hm O H ?Š <`B€ ¤X¬¥

3 ¡ T_ FEGH X V dEŠ’ HmM <BjE XBD <= ; Nar iBD;€ ¤rr ¥( ¡ T_ FEGH ;o; †= B h; HmM X U X V ^r œ <BjE XBD <=

S{J • •C dEŠ <„ ;U FEGH ;y; <lB ;>? <= ; _ AB <lH RŽ S

HmM X MA H OB B? BO ` F: H OB B? Nar iBD; œ ; q <= ;U FEGH ;y; <lB

X U dET RŽ H` H OB B? Nar iBD; ;>? <= ; $ MA H OB B? Nt_ NlB ; q

<= ;U FEGH ;y; <lB X U < K; ž S BO

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a ;U FEGH ;ˆ V; kM OB H BqH Xq H` K_ <= ; ¡ = HBLE H o ;U FEGH

X EŠq ;TM Fw ko <’ i¨? _ TH EŠ qH HV W ;>? <= ; i¨? <Ar †AM <=

†j € <= HB ;ZŠ ;b H BqH

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U r™ ;ˆ V; P SQ Na r=H HmM s H U F: H ’ BD ;U ;>? <= ; _ THm? HmM dET Hmn <= ; Nar iBD; Ur™ ;ˆ V; ;>? <= ; < K; ‰T; <„ H ™M

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’ <T BT rz; <= H` H GH HmM H¨ ;U <Ml ;>? ;A dET Hmn †Bq <`B W

N K € OB H? < ? m? ;T; H U F: BDE FEGH F?E

S ! " <G H 1T 2BDE FEGH Nv EŠqH Na BDE FEGH BDH ;>? ; E Hmn BDH <= Nv H EŠqH

S ! " I J 1T 2BDE FEGH ; ® H „ Na BDE FEGH BDH ;>? ; E Hmn BDH <= H y; Hq

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ra H O k¢ <lB N K H ’ BD N K BL NBDE kM <= ; HBLE H o <’ <T BT

HV HBqH XBDr BL NBDE K BL NBDE kM <= ; HBLE H o <’ FB m? r=H < i„

;U FEGH ;ˆ V; HmM r=H < i„ H OB B? < K; “B Na N K HBLE H o BL NBDEmBL ;ˆ V; P “B H›H Na ! " A < U SQ

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¡ ^ <MT XY H EZH Bu_ dEŠqH <„ _ T †AM k — Mt; Fw? ; s?

f/ <QaF L\/ : YU Y<y XC; ^b E< PE

¡ +T; <„ Hml H TB XY H EZH ;>? ;or€ H` H a X U ;b H TM mOB€ X U

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=B kE ;>? (( aŠ < K; bZVZ !! <j FEGH Wr IJI F?E <:H r=H

rA kbE kaŠ R€S rr Bs? ?B <BD ;y; (( aŠ ‰T; <„ < K; ar N K ; GH

B € 5 € + + A ia %c ihB ar N K PR€RC µ R€R@QŽ

K; <B’r ;>? (( aŠ Na X U H EZ HBD OB H? <” HBq a ;:; MT kbE OHmy; HBq_ k hB r=H <BD ;y; “ ihB ;T; <:H ; TŠ †– HB? Nw? <BD _ ˆ NBL Ho; T;

aŠ HBq a ( <„ N K F›H ar N K PR€RRR7 µ R€7QŽ ET Hmn ;:; MT aŠ

? Nar †^ ;T; ;:; <y r•E kbE bZVZ V !! HBq a ( kbE †–

;T; u <BD ;y; †– m?´BH iaM kbE HmM ;:; ‰:_ 1 2 N?mX P; q HlM †–

H E£ HB sE ; Q (( aŠ muH › < K; dET Hmn ( X U ;ˆ X A W (Hl_ ; GH ;ˆ XV; H h; Nh RR¸r MaB m?€ iBD; HBq a <:H Hmy; HBq_ kbE

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<ˆ i?B Hm… <BD ;y; k hB€ ;… <BD ;y; HmL h iaM rT kbE M <x? aŠdE?Š <jE HmM X B _ ˆ HB? Nw? <BD Bs? ?B <BD ;y;

(( aŠ ihB †BD _ T_ ;AB HBq Na h HB? Nw? <BD ij r=H _ V? ia Fw ko ;T;

<:H ˆ ihB ; E X• BT <Ml ;>? HB? Nw? <BD ;ˆ H ’ T_ ko _ ¢ K_ ihB <BjE XBD

iZ a <’ XB’r Hm? $ ;>? K; <B’r ;>? (( aŠ Na _ AB X‡M kaB

H OB B? H V BDr ia _ AB ;ˆ XB BDr HmM iBD; HlM rA kbE€ <p H OB ((

aŠ ;ˆ W FEGH H G_ M <ˆ€ X U < K; Fw ko m= m”B w ko _ _ T_

_ ` _ c HV; ar N K FA iZH raB r… HmM HB? kbE †› m? H¨ r=H †n ; z? ;ˆ

Nš HB? ž †n aŠ <ˆ i?B Hm… <BD ;y; k hB (( aŠ ;³ X U ;ˆ XqH dEA ;?M€

kbE †› HE HM‡€ ko ;o †„ †^ € X U ( < K; Hl_ ; GH ;ˆ ar N K ž mMr=H H OB B? kaB BjE ;U Hmn BL ;zE ( dE? _ ` kbE hH †– <BD

;y; dE?Š€ <x? aŠ < K; ; q HlM †– H ? € Mt; m?´BH <x? u r=H _ b iaM kbE

ia < K; HBq a (( aŠ mGH HBq †= in ˆ <Ar †AM _ c †: <p <BjE r=H Nh_ kbE–r HmM X ™ ?B <BD ;y; ;T; B NlB †– ; o_ A X U H ’ T_ ko

<:B ihB (( aŠ in HmM ; q <= _ ˆ <BD NBL Ho; P p dE? Q ; ® ;ˆ H ’ HBq a( ihB ; O <= k… <BD X U Nh P@€C µ 7Q $ B <ˆ r•E kbE H O †„

<:H ; TŠ€ H BqH †„ †^ ia XqH dEA X U ` <„ ˆ BjE ;U Hmn BL ;zE

X U < ? iaM H y; Hq in X U <Ar †AM <= lŠ ;b H BqH Mt; dET X ˆ X W <:BihB ŠLE ;bE ( X :B N K r•E X T Nh ((( dE? _ ` †– r•E HmM ˆ? ia ; o_

A ;… VH < K; Fw ko m= m”B HmM <BjE XBD iZ a <’ ( ;GE ;tN› HmL †bE N“; HB ia HmM _ c NŠ€ ( ;T; ; GH _ ? H Lr€ ;T; r•E ; GH N“;

X T;€i i«H n _ _ T_ aŠ ;ˆ BDE dEA ;?M( _ T_ # A4 $ ia k¢ rTŠ _ c ;y; <’ ( kbE€ rt; k¢ ;ˆ H ’( < K; HGH ;A ;T; EŠL H: HmM kbE€ <…B žB _ AB ; E^ †„ r•E kbE H wmGH _ z; Hl_ m O K_ H z GH r•E H w < K; r=H /) # ; BqE iaM HE•

H ™M W N K ; BqE H? ‰T; <„ < K; Hm„ F: ar N K ;T; ŠqE H: ;b H BqH ((

aŠ H y; BD X T X ˆ X W € ŠLE ;bE H BqH †„ _ z; Hl_ ;ˆ <= lŠ X T ;?M

m O K_ H z ?B r•E kbE <” < K; HmM MT <™r iaM ?‰VH ia <™r kE k„; <ˆ (

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HmL rTŠ _ c ;y; M mGH X ˆ X W ia _ z; Hl_ L ;T; (( HmL <cŠ X U < K;

< ? iaM T_ ko HmM H y; Hq ra ; > ŠqE Na <’ BL ;zE X M? “; mM ?B ((

dE? _ ` H n (( HmM MT kbE VH < K; T_ ko € ; > ŠqE ; ® k¢ ((( dE? _ `Hmy; HBq_ kbE hH Pra kbE HmL <x? <BD ;y; dE?ŠQ

`9h969 2< W c<;c XQa ~ =

`/ : N• <C]E XG Ys= E<QnE Ve XQa ~ =.w ko H BqH †„ <BD dE? ¹º ¡ R€ º ¡ @ ia ¹º ¡ 7 <’ FM FT il;

_ `€ ŠqE H: ;b ( ihB ;T; kAB il; _ ` r•E … T FT kM HB? Nw? <BD Mt;

p dE? <BD N“H dE? X ™ œ ž ;>? r=H HGr ; › ia O H BqH †„ dE? “; NaB¦E ‰l T FT Mt; NW XV H l; ? HlM H a kAB il; _ ` ¢r HB? FT

;ˆ ; BjE kaB Fˆ H V; z ihB H¨ ŠqE H: ( N“H dE? X ™ N“; Fˆ O_ A ; BqE b <q ;y; cr ;>? Hq †aM dE? <BD ‰E <BD H¨ : <BDdE? < K; Mr iaM †= Ho :B ihB ;y; k ;>? rl <BD m„ F: l_ H£ ND ihB

H OB B? _ B FT ia ; O <= il; _ ` )E <B’r ; †A ;>? (( aŠ Na Z

< K; XqH dEA ( mGH ? MlB H BqH †„ <BD dE? ;ˆ BjE kAB ia BjE ;Hmn ;ˆ X A W BAB dEŠqH H:H r“B iG <j XB’ Hm? ; GH N K a NMlH r•E kbE

hH ;b (

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n Hmn †aŠ F ? H BqH †„ <BD dE? ;ˆ †= _ Z ; BqE ‰l FTH¨ Ep ? †= X Eq; ‰l€ T FT ? : <BD dE? I mM

H BqH †„ NMlB ¹º ¡ R ia º¼ ¡ @ k¢ : dE? <BD º ² rr ihB ;y; cr †–

K_ XBr A 59! ia r=H : XV raE HVr ; M HB? Hw MlB dE?

f/ <QnE Ve ~ = XQa c<} EJY<

’ Fw ko ;ˆ BDE dEA H BqH †„ dE? <BD ;b _ AB ;ˆ (( _ c †: <„ N K

<jE <t iaM i¢ p dE? € Mt; iaM i¢ HB? Nw? <BD € ; M _ ‡_ HBq a ( ihB

<= _ B FT aM <ˆ HmM r=H < i„ H OB B? _ AB †AM <Ar ;ˆ ; O <= il; _ `

;b H BqH mM ;¢ r=H X MA H OB B? <:H ; TŠ r•E kbE F: N K T FT

; BqE iaM : <BD dE? H£ ND ihB ar N K ŠqE H: (

’ H BqH †„ N K Hw Xq ;ˆ <= ;Ar dE? ;?M€ OB H? Fw ko H BqH †„ c <BDdE? ia F <p X Eq; <lB H z HlM X A W ( ar N K Hl_ ; GH ž GH

; ® iaM X MA P7 µ CQ *< HmM ; q <= <:H r•E †– p dE? ?B F: †n _HmE †n ;>? JR Nb H V BDr ( r=H r•E kbE X U i KH dET ½ 7Ž UHmn BL ;zE ;>? dZd ! Q P z;Q <” BhB H BDE XqH ;GE ia EŠL Nv MlH <=

;>? H BqH †„ N K Hw Xq ;ˆ <BD ;y; dE?Š k¢ <’ ‰T; <„ XBr NMlB Mt; ;T; ŠqE H:

X T; HmM kbE rž€ <t; †BDH Na HmM kbE hH p H OB dZd ! Q ;³ <” BL

;zE <q A œ ;>? ar N K ia HT; ko H š ;>? ;T; H a _ b <q XqHdEA ( ?B ND; X U Nh •Ž OB B? ( ;ˆ X’ ;A B?B <Ml ; E^ †„ r•EkbE ia HV HMT ar N K X U dET • _ uH

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MaB m? H BqH †„ <BD dE? ¹º ¡ R ia º ¡@ X B ; q <= _ ˆ <BD BT

<Ml F§ X U B < K; Hm„ F: ar N K H G_ ;>? ;T; Hl_ ; GH HmM kbE (( aŠ

aŠ r=H Ma H BD

mL P n @Q€ H? H GŠ X B <= ; <BD Nar dE?Š <x? aŠ HBq_ ‰u; ihB kbE ; z?

HmM r=H †’ ž€ kbE < K; <„ N K <BjE <t HmM X MA Bs? ?B <BD ;y; ’

c ;?M <= lŠ€ <= ` <„ ia †j is ;>? iBD; ( dE? _ ` OB H? k¢

;T; <:H r•E kbE HmM k… X U X V ’ –r ro; <V; <ˆ OB H? <” HW <=

H U Bˆ †– ;T; < ? b _ ¦E n ˆ z NGŠ k… X U X V ia FA iZH

; TŠ H¨ †Ep X V <B m? … X U X V H¨ i…B H `B h H » iaM X ™ œ Bs?

?B <BD ;y; Nar E=B <x? <BD ;y; ia r•E kbE€ <^Š FA iZH _ c NŠ ia <” ; TŠ m?€

Nar Fl; i¢ ; TŠ

qE < K; ; “ <u H ™M r•E ; E^ H U F: ij XV; H h; <x? <BD ;y;€ H:;

<= dE?Š€ ; BjE FcE <x? <BD ;y; u iaM kbE€ rz; <= H U Bˆ ia ; O <= k…

<BD H E ;ˆ H ’ NBL Ho; HlM < K; r=H ra kbE X U HmL rtH <x? <BD ;y; mM

H OB B? <BD ;y; dE?Š ;E: kbE NL ; M HhB X B kbE <B iaM i¢ ;ˆ HB? Nw? <BD H n

ra kbE <” < K; †:; B ia FGŠ X U kM <ˆ Fy <:H ; TŠ r•E kbE kB¦ m? HmM kl

X U ˆ Na ;T; mGH E iBDH <Ar †AM c ;?M HV ` <„ X V <:H ihB ; q <= _ ˆ

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X U X V HEb Ma ; — †z; HmM i¢ _ ˆ <BD $ B ;ˆ ; O <= k… <BDHlB <bE rTŠ _ TH ;ˆ H ’ <lH †– Mt; Nh { iZŠ †AM <Ar <:H ; TŠ rakbE€ <p H OB c ;?M < K; ; O <= dE? _ ` il; †AM <Ar <= B¦E ‰l X Bk¢ H BqH †„ <BD dE? XB’E ¹º¼ ¡ R Mt; º¼ ¡ @

$ B T_ ko (( <:H ; TŠ r•E kbE HmM ; q <= p dE? †– <x? <BD ;y; dE?Š ;ˆXqH K_ Fw ko k… X V H `B iaM i¢ <:H ; TŠ€ ;b ; u v r=H F: <B’r <t; †BDH ;ˆ A

œ <q <= ` <„ ;>? ; q <= Nar iBD; ia <q XqH dEA ( <ˆ Na

¡ $ B c ;?M ; O <= k… <BD H n <= lŠ ;>? iBD; ( F§ HW NL €

X B s H U F: X T; Bs EŠL P; O <= HEb Ma ;>? X U X V€ H:; <=

i… dE?Š ;>? <x? <BD ;y;Q ra ; O <= k… <BD HW dET ;?M€ F§ k• <q BD

H K Nar BAr <= ` <„ ;>? XqH dEA ( € kM <x? <BD ;y; †„ <:H dET ˆ Nar H`

H GH kbE œ X ?Š ; z? ia n H a <Dr X V Bs? <BD ;y; ia †j rtH ra kbE EŠ

;ˆ r=H F: kbE œ _ V? _ b k hB <x? <BD ;y; X U A œ <q XqH dEA (

¡ $ B BAr †hH ; O <= H U Bˆ ; — †z; rBj p dE? ;³ HlM X A

W c ;?M _ b aM <= lŠ ;>? H BqH †„€ X B <ˆ ‰EGH BD € BD H K

EŠ B’r Na n H a s ra B h; Mt; ra X V †“; <BD ;y;€ NarBAr <= ` <„ ;>? XqH dEA ( MaB m?€ iBD; BAr ; O <= H U Bˆ ;³ Nar

<BD ;y; k hB dET ˆ ia Nar Fy k• kbE iaM X ™ ?B <BD ;y; †„ ‰GE <B

¡ BAr ; BjE kaŠ <x? <BD ;y; X B Bs EŠL H:; <= dE?Š F§ c ;?M <= lŠ

;>? H BqH †„ ia c ;?M <= ` <„ ;>? dET Hmn ( $ B <ˆ F§ Nar BAr †hH Fy F?BND; ;>? HB? p dE? FM ihB Hmo; dE? “; ;>? H BqH †„ EŠ iZŠ BAr ; BjE kaŠ <x?

<BD ;y; ž @rr F§ Nar †j rtH <BD ;y; †„ <:H ; TŠ ia Nar H ?Š <`B X ™ œBs? ?B <BD ;y; MaB m?€ ; q HlM <x? <BD ;y; ; BjE kaŠ P €C µ @Qrr F§ ;ˆ BjE_ q _ ^r

¡ $ B < O XV <BD ;y; k hB Na 7€Crr€ ; BjE kaŠ Na 7rr ia c ;?M H:;

<= i… dE?Š NL P{ µ RQi… •_ uH H n <= lŠ F§ BAr <B€ <= ` <„ ;>? XqHdEA ( ;³ H G_ <B n Nar iZŠ€ iU Hn H? _ T i— EŠL H›; p dE? <:H

; TŠ ra kbE <” X U P qE HW F: i… dE?Š ra kbE kB ; EŠ’ iaM i¢ pdE? ? L ; ? X„_ X U <” †„ <:H ; TŠQ€ X B BAr i… dE?Š ž

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Trang 24

E: †AM <Ar H E < K; XqH dEA H:H X B <:H ; TŠ r•E kbE †– <BD ;y; dE?Š€

H? ;b _ AB ; “ < K; ; q <= Nar iBD; H V; K_ GH€ †AM <Ar ; q <= ` <„ ;>?

;T; ; ® F: X B kbE ;ˆ ;¢ r=H Hm„ F: ar N K Hl_ ; GH€ _ AB ;ˆ _ _ T_ BDE

; ® XqH dEA ( ‚LE ;bE ; †A <’ H E < K; XqH dEA ` <„ Na ;b _ AB †AM <ArkbE HmM X ?Š ; z? ;ˆ <= hH <p GH€ BDH <= ia Hl_ ; GH _ c †: r=H ;T;

<p <BjE HmL †j rtH <BD ;y; ˆ H ’ †AM <Ar < K; <BjE aŠ X B <:H F †= Hm h;

@R _ uH mM H OB B? <ˆ BDH <= kbE HlB <B’r HBq_ ‰u; ihB <BD ;y; dE?Š `

<„ ia HmL †j rtH <x? <BD ;y; n H a r=H ra kbE X U ;ˆ ; BjE kaŠ <BjE

?E t; k¢ BDH <= †? <bE X T; ?E€ Nu; <ˆ <= hH ;>? kbE ;³ bB: ?E kM H? ;: <„ < K; ;T; ; ® F: ;>? F <p B X B Nt_ NlB H V BDr BjE

Nb r=H r•E ; E^ ia r•E ( ihB s BDH <= †? <bE X T; ?E aE F›; ;>?

p dE? B?B <Ml ;E:B ;>? dET Hmn E ˆ ;ˆ H ?Š <`B X B kbE œ kl Nž €

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Trang 25

a € ;T; †j rtH HBq_ ‰u; Hm KH NL ?E T; iB <® NpB i? <Z_ iaM ?E€ r=H F:

XY H EZH iZ a V ko€ Á:B ihB Á= ; Á:H HmM X B T_ FEGH ‡ ;E:B X• HmM

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Trang 26

‰ŠN? BAr ;… X MA •RŽ FM ihB T_ FEGH k? <„ H n ;MB ;or B <” †„ ?Mr… RRŽ€ _ AB Fw? ; s? Nh ;or B

E`B H “ ;>? ; B HBqH€ ˆB m= Na ;>? rTŠ rˆ; H BqH †„ Na X MA H OB B?

H¨ Nu; †›H <bE iZ a <q Hml H TB BhB l E`B H “ ;>? rTŠ rˆ; _ o H E=;

iaM BjE ŠqE H: dEB NEZH raB r… Hy BL € N”M ˆ?€ W r… € F?B FˆH kM iZ

n iZŠ iG <j ; : raB r… r? FTH HmM Nx iy; ; X V Na =B kE ;ˆ HV

; GH HMa ;bE ia NEU Na =B ko ?Š ;G a <bE b _ AB Hnr m? s T_ rhB <lH BDE dEA ; : raB r… H:H € BT H a H G_ ia k¦ z kot; †BDH mGH ;b <:B ihB <lB <? F: rTŠ rˆ; ; X V BD sE i: < K; ; q HlM H¨

iZH NBDE ; X V H U ko ˆ Na ‰EGH _ TH <B’r Fy m? <OB ;>? + \ + + !?

“;€ ;U D ? U€ ; X V ia <l <lM “; <? Nar iBD; HmM Z_ MaZ_ Ma +?kM ;ˆ ` <lB Nv ia B T œ 7@ h; l N hB †T a

†?M Hm¢r HmL CR h;€ U D +?kM ;>? Z_ Ma < K; T_ ko m= HmLHMa H q BhB€ <” <W Xv (?H™ HF HlB Y€ z;€ ?€ ;m?B ™€ mE dE:;€ Â;€ =

…? ?r ( B€i i« BDE FA _ ^r +?kM <” <W Xv œ sE E:; Hq H ™M

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Trang 27

@# % <A4 m /A U :9 < 9 9 A<A m /A kM XqH dEA

Fw ko +?kM Na HlM m? Nh_ :r XBr NMlB †AM iD FBLE †j HmL †j rtH r? FTH ;>? ;T;

; B HBqH XBr NMlB

+?kM < K; ‰q_ iaM NMlB @# 5 U V 99 9 in ;ˆ HT; ko NarBAr U B¦r rUB Hm O BAr X V H AB <=;€ BAr HBq p <= mE € BAr _ q

H AB _ q NBDE+?kM Na ;U D <bE HBL <B H ™M h Fw? ; s? ?Š HmM dET Hmn iZ

a hB Fy Ny? ; “ iZH NBDE :r XBr NMlB P ™H?N;™m?rB;Q Na r=H HmM F: mGH VH iZHNBDE rhB ;ˆ X A W †j is ; : raB r… r? FTH mGH ;?M <’ BAB dEŠqH †aB HMT

HW <= †j ;>? rTŠ rˆ; H BqH †„ Nar ; M ;U D +?kM `B HBq HMa ;bE€

Na r=H HmM s _ _ T_ †AM k — € Fw? ; s? rTŠ rˆ; ; X V sE BDE iaHBL HBq GH BD ?Š

H z; m? <OB ia r?E ; ˆ Hmœ H a FA _ ^r ;ˆ H „ Hm O HMa ;bE

U D +?kM ; M _ ‡_ †Bq <`B ;t_ †j rtH HBq_ ‰u; r? FTH H¨ kl % <A4 U

% <A4 H U H O H a ;t_ HBq_ ‰u; % <A4 U % <A4 ?Š HmM Nu;

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Trang 28

mM Nu; aŠ qE dE? FTH rTŠ rˆ; <? iZ a € H? H GŠ ;ˆ s <t; <B’r

f/ Q=Q XC] V Q c<s E]C S= NZc HF ^QF NC]Q Vl X…c <=C FRB?B <Ml aŠ ‰AŠ m? ?Š F?E X B B?B <Ml Nar Fl; XqH H u; u; aŠ HBq pBAr€ BDE FEGH ;>? rTŠ rˆ; HW NL m¿ mDH€ BL NBDE BAr <T X’ ia kb kb ;T;

H U F: XY H EZH _ o; pB <q rz; ;c †–

f9f9h9 W Y<n E]C E<M < NZc HF ^QF NC]Qf9f9h9`9 HF ^QF NC]Q

`/ HF ^QF NC]Q ¡ FuE=NYuS=FQY LQnE E…E NM YuSFuE H E=; Nh_ iZH NBDE XqH K_

;Mr_MFBH j XBr NMlB ;:H :r ˆ Na iZH NBDE BjE _ ?€ pr ;T; _ ? XBr NMlBMt; K_ XBr ihB r=H ?Š BjE _ ? :r $Br NMlB ;ˆ H ’ Na <p € Ur€ BX™ €

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Trang 29

F›H€ H ‡_€ K_ XBr :r ;ˆ H ’ Na ;T; †MmVH€ ;T;†VH€ BHmVH€ M‰VH€ FBNB‰VH XBr NMlB€ i iiZŠ ;ˆ mGH BjE kl NMlB :r XBr NMlB X T; ?E H¢Š H ™M H a _ b EŠLNBDE ia _ _ T_ ;U D ; q HlM

:r XBr NMlB ;ˆ s HV ; GH H:H ;>? ?B NMlB iZH NBDE ;GE H a NL ˆ Na XBrNMlB ia :r ˆ mGH ;z € †j is ; : raB r… r? FTH€ ; : W r… €

; „E BDH <= ;?M€ ; „E i? <Z_ rl € i i ˆ < K; ;MB Na r=H HmM F: VH iZH NBDE

1 ;³ ; ® H < y; m? <cŠ ;³ Na iZH NBDE :r XBr NMlB < K; ; qHlM †– _ _ T_ NEŠD XBr †=H o ;o NMlB aŠ BT ;³ X T <›H GH BLH? _ AB k¢ NMlB FBLE ;z kl XBr ; H` K_ ; » l € BT ;… <›H dE? iZŠ k¦ H GŠ m– BT H a ; q HlM ia B? ;U :r XBr NMlB mGH

;?M BD ˆ rhB ; ® < K; z ko œ _ lr iB _ HmM a X U € i³ Hmo€ lH

c € HL Nw? <’ ; q HlM ; B HBqH <= ; _ A Ny;€;T; :B <—€ ;T HE?†B € rBD_ oH ;>? HL Nw?€ i i ¢ <” < K; _ TH rB m? H¨ X MA HmL 7R Wr ij Hm h;

; u H? i• ;… mGH VH t_ :r XBr NMlB HmM ;T; rTŠ rˆ; H U ko

BD ?Š ZH ia Y <? HmB’ X ?B ; Hmn BL ;zE z ko m= m”B:r XBr NMlB iaM r=H F: Nx iy; ;U BD_

f/ € T\ HF ^QF NC]Q LMC N† < LiY <‡= Vƒ Y<Q EQnE

ˆ mGH BjE ;U D€ FA _ ^r _ o; io ; M ro; <V; †AM iD ; : rÅB rÆr? FTH€ HW <= †j ra ; u H? <” †BqH

y? ; “ iZH NBDE H V; K_ ; M ;t_ HBq_ Fu; r? FTH

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Trang 30

:r XBr NMlB Na r=H HmM s iZH NBDE rhB ;ˆ HmB’ i“ z ko m= m”B

’ ; q HlM ;A r=H ; B HBqH€ †= _ Z †– iZH NBDE :r XBr NMlB OB H? k¢

_ _ T_ NEŠD XBr †=H B _ V F§ mGH ;?M … <’ HlM m? Nh_ †AM iD †– :rXBr NMlB HmL †j rtH ; B HBqH ;ˆ H ’ k¢ ;U D _ E `€ ;U D _ E BM ¡_N?Fr?€ i i T; ;U D aŠ <jE _ AB ;ˆ H BqH †„€ iZH NBDE ; EŠL k¢ ia †VdEŠqH ;U D XŸr H ™M O z ko ; u X B ; q HlM ;T; ; B HBqHrhB Hm h; X B N›_ mT_ H a rTŠ qE k¢ ; M ;T; ; B HBqH †„ ?M r… <? œHmM rTŠ rˆ; H n ;b _ AB H TM ;T; ; B HBqH aŠ m? <’ ‰w Nv _ o; pB ia iG <j F§

_ z; Hl_ BjE FM ihB ‰w Nv ;T; ; B HBqH rhB s ;U D i¨? LE ;³

;b ; B _ V ;?M T; h; ;U BD_ HBL HBq “ <” T_ ko X T m= ;T; ;U

D aŠ · BDH ?r P Q b Na ; ? ;ˆ

n H q ra +?kM ¡ ;U D <=; <TM HlM m? Nh_ †AM iD :r XBr NMlB +?kM < ?m? BAB _ T_ ;ˆ H ’ ˆB ;y; X• <=; <TM ia H U rB Na 3 % <A4 A

' > q X H < h H+ !, ! U ; š †„ Mt; F§ †„ ?M r… 3–

+?kM ; u H? <p H OB i¨? H y; BD Fw? ; s? _ o; pB ?M r… i¨? ˆ? †j †jrtH ; B HBqH XBr NMlB $ U ;b †GH X• r=H H BqH †„ ?Š ;U ;o ; EŠL ko aM€

;ˆ H ’ H y; BD œ r“B B€ r“B OB ?B ;³ ;ˆ H ’ Hy Nar < K; ˆ H ’ T_ kởkM ; M ;A rTŠ rhB ia ;³ U D i¨? r? HV BD <lB i¨? r? HV mGH_ ` ;Z_ +?kM T_ ko H:H ; M HGH ;A rTŠ rˆ; H¨ NMlB < BA i… †B ‰™ <l_

<q ;T; rTŠ rˆ; ; X V _ z; Hl_ GH HmM ;T; a ;U BD_ ˆ < BA €HBD NKB ia Na r=H _ _ T_ XY H EZH X U H ’ H BqE HmM a ; X V

f9f9h9f9 <mE < Q DQ < ,=TC q"uLQE=NQˆ= E ,=TCr_9 < Q m /A < M ]+ " e " + X o % A " >

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Trang 31

f ko ;U D +?kM Na iBD; Fw ko ;T; ; GH 1™iBH?NB±? H +?kM€ H y;

BD X T < BA H? ; M " o ! +?kM iaM D H : †UB Hm X B ;b Fw?

; s? _ o; pB rTŠ rˆ;€ mpB HBq_ Ho; iZ a FA ‰EGH †n H O BjE

N K k¢ ; GH +?kM mGH ž FM ihB kE N K kbE †UB Hm € X MA R€CŽ GH+?kM <B H ™M kbE †UB Hm <q < K; ;T; †j rtH HBq_ ‰u; r? FTH ˆ HT; <= ihB ;T;

_ b Hw XBr NMlB HmL †j rtH ia Nh_ FTH ?Š k hB€ HlB ; š r? FTH HmM X B rTŠ rˆ;

<? iZ a ˆ Ma HMa X U HT; <= ihB kbE †UB Hm ia X U Nar H ?Š

<`B HV ; GH ;>? kbE †UB Hm M <ˆ€ ˆ X U _ AB Na ; GH _ o B? ;>? kbE †UB Hmrt; k¢ X B Fw ko H? ;³ ; M iaM kbE †UB Hm ˆ ; ® O <B H ™M kbE †UB Hm

<q r“B ; š HmM rTŠ rˆ; ?E X B ; M ; GH +?kM iaM ia iZ a iaB ; o; _ uHMt; iaB HmWr BO H¢Š H ™M NMlB rTŠ ia NMlB ; GH +?kM Fw ko F§ Ma HGH iBD; HlMm? Nh_ :r XBr NMlB HmL †j rtH ; B HBqH r? FTH h_ :r XBr NMlB n H a œ ?Š

; š Hm h; <cŠ †„ raB r… Nar †¢ <›_ ?M r… ia Hmœ H a †A H ’ X U H ’ HT;

mOB ;>? ; B HBqH ?E aŠ HmM FE:H dET Hmn iZ a ˆ <ˆ i?B Hm… Na Nh_ BT_

<A4 K $ " <G A t <8+ % <A4 u ;ˆ HT; ko i¨? †¢ <›_ ?M r…

i¨? †AM iD ; : raB r… r? FTH ia ; : W r… mGH ;?M Nar H ?Š <`B HV ; GH

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$ U X ˆ X W N›r <’ Z †BqH Fy X T; ?E Bs? +?kM ia _ o B?€ Nar F?E

$ B ‰w Nv ‰™ rTŠ †– ; GH +?kM Ma HGH€ †l H ?Š hH rhB NMlB X U ;ˆ_ o B? 3l ; lŠ ‰™ H Lr r=H H OB B? BjE VH H¢Š€ †l F§ H GŠ ‰™ rl ia qE

<M ;T; H U F: XY H EZH ;³ F§ H GŠ ˆ i• Nu; i¨? _ o; pB ‰M ˆ F§ kEŠHmn BDE dEA H:H mGH NcE

qE ;³ Nar iZŠ ihB _ o B? H n †l F§ H GŠ X T; X B hH X U ;ˆ _ oB? ‰™ ; lŠ ŠqE FM ihB X B ;ˆ _ o B? $ B hH ;ˆ _ o B?€ <M H U F: <=

; œ w? <bE ; E X• Fw ko hH F§ H GŠ ˆ ;?M w? ; E X• F?E ( o B? ; ®Nar HW X A W ; : raB r… Hlr H OB X B ;ˆ ˆ ia Nu; ˆ ;… HT; ko

+?kMiB™H ?r <” Ç $B’r <„ <= †j ; lŠ <= ; X U hH Ç F?E X B <” k¢

+?kM $qH dEA F?E a BO ; lŠ <= ; i• Ma HMa H:H $ U H ’ Nar H

Hy qE k¢ _ o B? in F§ k• <q _ T >Š <= ;f/ | <Oc Di ^<;Y <= Q‰= Y<mE ,=TC LM c<\ Q=

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Trang 33

X T Nh FM ihB ;T; iB <® ;³ †„ Bj <Z_ i— H a ;T; _ b Hw FBLE žP™N™r™ H +?kMQ€ BjE ;GE Hmu; _ c Hw †„ _ T i— lB ; š ;ˆ ;T; iB <® †„ ”Š i—

_ TH FB ;T; iB HB? Nw?€ BDH <= NL HhB PIRRµ @RRQ. O ;GE Hmu; <t; †BDH ;>?

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Trang 34

mM i¢ r? FTH FAŠ m? dET Hmn Ÿ ; tH ;T; _ b Hw +?kM FBLE ž iaM †jrtH ; B HBqH O ;ˆ ; GH ‰u; HT; XV; MlH W N K € ;¢ ihB W N K FBm? X B ;T; iB <® NpB †„ ”Š i— ia s dET Hmn ; ˆ? Nv X T; <p H OB ;¢

FAŠ m?€ HlB i¢ r? FTH =B <> <BjE XBD H y; BD _ A z ˆ? “;€ X Eq; HTBDH <= “; ia ;T; dET Hmn X T; <’ NEŠD XBr HlM m? :r XBr NMlB T; a X M?

“; “B <cŠ Na iB NEŠD XBr HlM H a :r XBr NMlB ˆ HBq_ kB¦ ; Zr ia kb

kb <q X B n H a ` <„ Nh_ :r XBr NMlB HmL †j rtH ; B HBqH HlB ; š r? FTH œrz; X ™ œ N›_ ‡_ <lH H:B E H n k¨ P‰™r • ;>? n @ Q

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Trang 35

W N K € Nar HW <= †j ;>? rTŠ rˆ; NL P@ µ 7Q Nbf9f9t9 Qa ~ B Ys= YI <a ,=TC

V ; : W r… H:H ia mGH †j is X’ ;A Nar iBD; HmM <BjE XBD BDH <= ;?M

i Vl X…c Y<Qƒ TU Ys= NZc Vƒ FzE HF ^QF NC]Q c<\Y < Q Y‡ E<{ X]E8

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Trang 36

<Œ E= Y‡ E<{ E<m XG V‡ Vƒ FzE < NZc HF ^QF NC]Q ~ = 8

¡ 3 r H >Š Ny; ;>? ;^E ;M H?B ™m C Hb F?E X B ‰w Nv +?kM HmL BT P n @ 7Q

f9f9t9f9 OQ JY< Ys= c< W c<;c D[= Y<‰= F; F‡Y D[ T\ LPE NQa ,=TC

`/ nE ~ B E<uC c< W c<;c D[= Y<‰= E<I E<

™M ;T; Nar HmEŠj H : € X B Fw? ; s? rTŠ H? _ AB k¨ rTŠ€ H TM m” ;T; †=

_ Z B Na ž € XB’r Hm?€ _ o; ; q NlB Mt; H ?Š H q€ N›_ mT_ NlB€ ; lŠ ma€ XB’rHm? H U F: XY H EZH ia ‰EGH ‰ œ b _ AB ;ˆ a ‰ œ € BjE c iBL XY

H EZH€ ;T; rTŠ rˆ; ;U ;o _ o; io Fw? ; s?€ iZH H Fw? ; s? H ?Š H q€ H OB B?

kaB <> <’ Ma HGH dEB Hmn $qH dEA F?E Fw? ; s? ij H U F: XY H EZH H O <lHP{C µ IRQŽ rz; k? x?€ ij <= †j X U H ?Š <`B€ H O H G_ FM ihB †?

<bE x? Na ; E X• Fw? ; s? F?E › ; E X• Fw? ; s? Hm h; T; ; ® HBLE

X T; BDE FEGH€ rz; HBLE ?M BL NBDE€ W N K X U X T;€ H O H G_

FM ihB †? <bE qE ;T; ; B HBqH _ o; ; q NlB ra †ž dE? ;U <Ml ˆ? †j Mt;

MT †j X‡r H n ; E X• Fw ko F?E Fw? ;a › BD; †` rTŠ m? Fw? ; s? Na mGHH: X‡r ia rGH BjE H OB B? € A œ <q FA ‰EGH cŠ Na s Nv kM in F?M

;T; h; ;U BD_ HBL HBq “ H O k¢ rTŠ rˆ; <q rz; <= aM <ˆ Na “

H ? Nv E X• <`B rhB rTŠ rˆ; ;>? “ Na PC µ RQ Wr · h; H? rTŠ rˆ; ;ˆHE`B <OB <q P C µ 7RQ Wr Na ; EŠD H O t_

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Trang 37

F: Hm O K_ <jE i KH Mt; †– Hm h; ¨ s _ c HV; aŠ H? k¦ Z

H GŠ HV BDE d>? i KH Hm=B ;>? ;U L +?kM ˆ r? NlB BDE d>? X‡_€ i¨? _ o;

pB H U F: XY H EZH <q ; E^ i¨? HW <= †j ia BAr ; B _ V w ko <u_ lr iB ia H OB <B’r H? k¦ kEŠ Hmn < K; Hml H TB H:H NcE kaB = †j Na <BjE ;bF: r=H ;>? OB ; > Fœ sE rTŠ lB s h; Fhr T_ ko +?kM ;m?B ™€

?« OB H? HV < K; <= FB NKB HmM ;U BD_ <lH H¨ P@ µ •Q Nb

V ko 8

’ Fw? ; s? Nh ;or B€ †= F:€ Hmo; X E£E€ H ? HmEŠj € ;T; i… †B€ †l; <—

HmM <= ; ‰™ rTŠ RR;; †l ;b VH GH PJ µ {Q BO B?M ‰™ ; M H K€ H: X U VHP7RR µ CRRQ a <p € X U †j ia X U HBqH XBDr ‰W FM ihB †? <bE3– +?kM †l Hy rn Nar NGŠ€ H: X MA w? F: HBj HmL € HBqH XBDr H Lr HmE

†n RŽ ‰W € ‰™ ; lŠ Lr ia †j » Hm h;€ ;ˆ H ’ ; „E < K; Hm O K_

H BqE hH BLr Hm“ Mt; rGH hHf9f979 <‰ Y<Œ • ^<Q D[ T\ ,=TC

b Fw ko +?kM ? ˆ

V BDE dEA ;?M ;>? +?kM <lH < K; qE ; u H? Fw ko +?kM ? ˆ ia H y; BD <u dEB Hmn h k• u H? k¢ +?kM X BrTŠ ;… <? MlH <= ia ;ˆ <= ?M r… ; ? ;?M Na XB Hq GH

y; Hq ;ˆ s Hm O K_ iEKH dET _ lr iB z ko +?kM PrTŠ rˆ; ?M

†= _ Z X U H ’ _ o; pB †– +?kM Q qE ; u H? ; ® k¢ +?kM H n X UBAB dEŠqH < K; ra _ AB XqH K_ Fw? ; s? H U H O Hm h; mpB k¢ +?kM

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Trang 38

$ U ;ˆ _ _ T_ aM HEŠDH <:B E H q€ X U ;ˆ l ; q BjE dE?

Hm“ Na ;W ;z iaM Hn Hml H y; Hq ;>? rTŠ rˆ; ra Ny? ; “ _ _ T_ aM

?Š _ AB XqH K_ BjE _ _ T_ rB¦ Na <lH BDE dEA XB Hq XY H EZH ;?M

M +?kM Na r=H iZH NBDE rhB ia < K; FA ‰EGH <=; dEŠj in iZŠ ;T; H U HB ij

;T; H a _ b ;ˆ HmM +?kM r=H ;T; XY N — i• ;… < K; †AM rZH V iniZŠ iBD; Hnr B’E FcE ij †A ; GH ;GE Hmu;€ H a _ b ;³ ;U H z; ; q HlMm? ˆ ;… l ; q ra HaB NBDE ; ® ;ˆ H ’ ;E ;G_ H U HB ij <t; HV ia Hn n

dEc Fy€ ; M <q s ; ;GE€ rTŠ r“; HmM ;U BD_€ U € Ncr€ BD_

ia s rTŠ rˆ;€ H BqH †„ _ o; io FB MlH <OB F:

f9h9`9f9 2<]F LQ g T\

’ <lH BDE dEA X B Fw ko <BjE ;:H ŠqE _ AB ›r ; ›; <BjE XBD ;b <> z

ko ;U D ia H y; BD ? H¨ ; GH+?kM “B ;U D <jE ;ˆ BhB l z ko ;ˆ BDE dEA H:H ia < K; X EŠq ;TMk¢ HmM _ lr iB <ˆ BhB l aŠ H? “B Na e % X 6 !? /; -

t_ ; B HBqH HBq_ ‰u; r? FTH XBr N“?B ¡ XBr N“?B ia ;ˆ VH GH r=H †L Na XBrN“?B <™

z; <= ?M r… k hB RRŽ

$ U ;ˆ ;T; ; B HBqH ž ; “; PX H€ i—€ zH€ FzH€ r˜€ mš ia ‰ h; FcEQ

D r? FTH <> rl BDH <= ;a ;?M H n ;a H:H ; M iBD; FB m? Nh_ :rXBr NMlB

co m

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