Nghiên cứu truyền siêu âm trong môi trường đất đá

Muc tieu vd noi dung nghien cuti: - Muc tieu: Nghien cihi qua trinh truyen song am trong cac moi trucmg tho nhu dat, cat, be tong v.v....Danh gia kha nang thu phat song sieu am trong c

HA NOI - 2007 DAI HOC QUdc GIA HA NOI TRlJdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TU NHIEN

^ ^ Jis y JjS rf! Sp t " »I"

NGHIEN Ciru TRUYEN SIEU AM TRONG MOI

TRUdNG DAT DA

( Research of transmission of untra-sound in ground and

stone environments)

MA SO: QT-07-17

CHU TRI D^ TAI: THS.GVC NGUYEN DANG LAM

CAC CAN BO THAM GIA: CN PHAM VAN T H A N H

CN VO LY THANH HA

KS NGO QUY THEM

OAi H O C Q U O C GIA HA NOI TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THU VIEN

PJJJIL

HA NOI - 2007

l.Bao cao torn tat:

a Ten de tdi: Nghien ciJu qua trinh truyen song sieu am trong moi trixdng dat da

d Muc tieu vd noi dung nghien cuti:

- Muc tieu: Nghien cihi qua trinh truyen song am trong cac moi trucmg tho nhu dat, cat, be

tong v.v Danh gia kha nang thu phat song sieu am trong cac moi trudng nay

- Noi dung nghien cihi:

+ Che tao may phat sieu am tan sd 40kHz - 500kHz

+ Che' tao cac m§u do

+ Khao sat toe do truyen song sieu am trong cac moi trucfng tho

+ Danh gia kha nang diing song sieu am tham do long dat

e Cdc ket qud dat duac:

1 Thiet ke Idp rap thanh cong may phat sieu am tan so 40kHz den 500kHz

2 Khao sat duac quy luat bien doi van toe truyen song trong cac moi tru5ng tho

va danh gia kha nang co the diing song sieu am tham do long dat a do sau duai

Im

3 Co mpt bao cao khoa hoc tai hoi nghi khoa hoc truang Dai hoc Su pham Ha Noi 2 thang 11 nam 2007

4 De tai giup thuc hien 2 khoa luan sinh vien

/ Tinh hinh kinh phi de tdi:

Kinh phi da sii dung 20.000.000 d ( Hai muai trieu dong chSn )

Xac nhan cua BCN Khoa

PGS.TS Nguyen The Binh

Xac nhan cua truang

OMO Hl£u THUONG

t /

2 Summary (by English)

a Project, code

Research of transmission of untra-sound in ground and stone environments

Code : QT-07-17

b Main responsible person

MS Nguyen Dang Lam, Faculty of Physics,

Hanoi University of Science (HUS), Hanoi National University

c Incorporated members

BA Pham Van Thanh

BA Vo Ly Thanh Ha

ED Ngo Quy Them

d Purposes and contents

- Purposes: Research of transmission of untra-sound in some crude environments

as ground, sand, concrete, etc

- Contents:

+ Create generator 40kHz-500kHz

+ create samples

+ research velocity untra-sound in crude environments

+ evaluate ablity of using of untrasound to explore in earth's womb

e Results

1 design and assemble generator from 40kHz to 500kHz

2 research the laws of changing of velocity in some crude environments and evaluate ablity of using of untrasound to explore Im under ground

3 01 report of Science Conference of Hanoi Pedagogical University N*^2 11/2007

4 02 thesises of undergraduated students

Muc luc

Un mo diu 5

Chuang 1: Khao sat kha nang truyen song sieu am trong dat da 6

1.1 Che tao miu do 6

1.2 H^ thi^ bi do 9

1.3 Ket qua va thao luan 11

Chuang 2: Che tao may phat sieu am 14

2.1 So do mach dien 14

2.2 Ketqua va thao luan 18

Ketkuan 20 Tai lieu tham khao 21

Phu luc 22

Lcil ma dau

The ky 20 nhan loai da chu:ng kien su phat tri^n manh me ciia khoa hoc va ky thuat

Trong do am - situ km cOng la mot trong nhirng nganh khoa hoc co nhiJng budrc tien vucft

bac va da tham nh|p ngay cang nhieu vao cac linh vuc khoa hoc, c6ng nong nghiep, y te, giao thong, f Viec tham do khao sat long dat nham phat hien nhiing di vat khao co hay nhung di^m khong dam bao chat luang tren de dieu nhu td moi, cac diem dat r6ng,khao sat tinh dong deu trong ket ca'u b6 tong xay dung, ma khong c5n dao hay pha hiiy la mot giai phap tiet kiem rat Idn cho kinh phi thi cong cong trinh, trong qua trinh dao dap de dieu,v.v Do do, viec nghien cuu cac quy luat truyen song sieu am trong cac moi truang tho nhu da't, da la het su'c quan trong, dat tien de cho viec che tao nhung thiet bi co kha nang ap dung trong thuc te

De tai nay nham khang dinh kha nang truyen song sieu am trong moi truang tho nhu dat, da, be tong, Tir do dua ra nhung hudng phat trien tiep theo de co the ap dung duac trong thuc te

Chuang 1: Khao sat kha nang truyen song sieu am

trong dat da

1.1 Che tao mSu do

Mau do duoc che tao bao gom:

(1) 3 mau do lam bang dat hinh lap phuang:

5 cm

5 cm

5 cm Hinh 1.1: Kich thucfc 3 miu dat hinh lap phuang

Ty le pha duac cho nhu bang:

Ky hieu 1.1 1.2 1.3

Ten mau MIu 1 Mau 2 Mau 3

hinh lap phuang

- Miu ba tong mac 300, ky hieu 2.1, ti le: nu6c/xi mang = 0.44

(5) Miu be tong hinh hop chu nhat, ky hieu 5.1

200 mm

200 mm

00 mm

Hinh 1.5: Kich thuac cua miu gach be tong

(6) Miu do ket hap:

1.2 He thiet bi do

1.2.1 Thiet bi C386

Day la thiet bj sieu am diing de do van toe truyen sieu am Vdi miu do cd chieu dai

1, thdi gian truyen t thi van toe truyen C duac tinh theo cong thiic:

Thdi gian do duac tdi da

5 h vdi nguon 12 V, 1.9A.h Bien do da lap trinh

1000 Volt dinh

750 Volt dinh

Toe dd phat si6u am

8 bit sd lieu

2 bit dimg Tdc dp Chieu dai Thdi gian Mddun Young 1.2.2 Thiet bi CLS 2

Screen (display): bg hien thi

Winch: cam bien do do sau

Check tubes: cac ong de tha bien tijr sieu am

Emetting probe: bien tir phat sieu am

Receiving Probe: bie'n tijr thu sieu am

1.3 Ket qua va thao luan

a.Tien hanh do trong phdng thi nghiem: Sii dung thiet bi C386

- Ket qua tien hanh do cac miu trong phdng thi nghiem, thu dugc:

+ Vdi 2 miu be tong mac 300 va mac 300 + phu gia deo (sika)

Van toe (m/s) 5681.818 1487.889 1329.787 1373.626 1348.8

He so ha'p thuCa) 7.25042 18.83898 44.44134 62.29842 50.36067

Khoi lugng

rieng p (kg/m^)

2639.463 1672.539 1934.704 1906.504 1862.354

Kich thuoc mSu (cm) 1=20, d=7.45 21.5x9x5.5 5x5x5 5x5x5 5x5x5

11

- Mat do cang Idn thi van tdc truyen sieu am se cang Idn

- Ddi vdi he sd ha'p thu: ta tha'y phu thugc nhieu vao mat do hat, dp ddng deu trong ti^ng miu khao sat: he sd hap thu la nhd nha't ddi vdi vat lieu la da, Idn nha't la miu dat sd 2

b Tien hanh do tren miu do sir dung thiet bi CLS2

Bang Ket qua kiem tra thi nghiem van toe truyen song trong moi trudng cat, dat, gach xay, be tong bang phi/ong phap

- Six dung thie't bi CLS2 do tren miu do ket hgp ta thay cd su phan Idp ro rang tren

tirng Idp do, cd the xac dinh gan chinh xac cac lap khac nhau, nhat la cac loai cd mat do hat rat khac nhau nhu dat vdi gach xay, dat vdi be tong, gach vdi be tdng

c Tien hanh do tren hien trudng tai tda nha 15 ting Dai hgc Hung Vuang:

0 HtOd 2(IO0 3000 -IIJOO 51)(»n 6(HK) n 1(100 2010 lono -looo 5000 wtoo V"cloi:ily(Mcier/set)

Hinh 1.11: Ke't qua do dac tren 2 cgc 09 va 31

Tiir ke't qua nay cho ta thay cgc 09 tdt hon cgc 31

Ket luan chung:

Qua qua trinh do dac tren thuc le ta tha'y: van tdc sieu am phu thugc vao cac moi trudng Cd sir phan biet tdc do mot each ro rang giira cac mdi trudng Tdc do tang ddi vdi cac mdi trudng cd do lien ket Idn: tang tir mdi trudng dat cat den gach, be tong Vdi cac cot be tdng cd do dong nha't thi tdc do truyen sdng la tuang ddi on dinh Con cot cd chat lugng khdng ddng deu thi tdc do truyen sdng thay doi Idn

Vdi ket qua nay chiing ta cd the khang dinh : cd the dung sdng sieu am de tham dd Idng da't Cd the thu dugc tin hieu phan xa tij cac Idp vat lieu khac nhau tir do cd the diing

ky thuat mach dien tix de su ly tin hieu thu dugc thanh hinh anh cac Idp dat da dudi long dat phuc vu cho viec tham dd long da't d do sau dudi Im

13

Chuang 2: Che tao may phat sieu am

— •

Phat tan sd cdng hudng (40kHz-500kHz) (3)

!

Khuech dai (4)

Hinh 2T: Sa dd khdi may kich phat sieu am (1): Khdi phat tin hieu ddng bg: phat tin hieu ddng bg cho toan bg he thdng

(2): Khdi chinh do rgng xung: thay ddi do rgng ciia xung kich phat sieu am

(3): Khdi phat tan sd cong hudng: tao xung vd tuyen ben trong xung kich phat sieu am, tan sd xung vd tuyen cd the dugc dieu chinh phii hgp vdi tan sd cdng hudng ciia bien tir phat de sdng sieu am dugc phat ra vdi cudng do Idn nha't

(4): Khdi khue'ch dai: khue'ch dai xung kich phat sieu am tijr 12V p-p len tdi tren 200V p-p (5): Bie'n tir phat sieu am: bien tu ap dien phat sieu am truyen vao moi trudng khao sat

2.1.2 Mach phat tin hieu dong bo:

OUT i - ^ i i t 1

Rl 400K

t , = 0.693 (R1+R2)C2 t2 = 0.693 (R2) C2

2.1.3 Mach chinh do rgng xung:

Tin hieu ndi ra ciing tan sd vdi tin hieu ndi vao, tuy nhien do rgng xung cua tin hieu ndi ra cd the thay doi dugc bang each thay ddi gia tri VR

15

a) Sa do nguyen ly b) Tin hieu dau ra Out 2 vdi tin hieu ddng bg Outl

c) Do rgng mot xung cua Out 2

Do rgng phin miic cao dugc tinh theo cdng thurc:

2.1.4 Bo phat tan sd cong hudng;

Dau ra Out 3 dugc dieu khie'n bdi tin hieu ra bg thii 2 Khi tin hieu ra bg thu* 2 la

miic cao, dau ra Uot 3 se la tin hieu dao ddng vdi tin sd rieng dugc tinh:

Tin hieu ra Out3 dugc dua qua lang khue'ch dai darlington de khue'ch dai ddng, tin hieu

tren colector ciia T, dua vao bien the, tin hieu dau ra ciia bien the dat dugc * 230 K kich

vao hai dSu bie'n tir sieu am, bien tix se phat ra cac chijm xung sieu am vdi tan sd lap lai

bang t^n sd dong bd cua khdi 1

2.2 Ket qua va thao luan

Da tao dugc may phat sieu am vdi tan sd cd the dieu chinh 40kHz den 500kHz va

kich phat dugc bien tir sieu am

Bien tu sieu am da phat dugc theo timg chijm vdi tan sd bang tin sd ciia bd phat

ddng bg Tan sd sdng sieu am la 63.9 kHz, bien do Idn nha't dat dugc 9.2 V p-p

rt>KOCAWft» BOkS^S Z&nviu YCK0GA«4

Hinh 2.7: Tin hieu phat sieu am a,b: Xung sieu am thu tren bien tu thu va xung kich phat cd: Chiim sieu am tai bien tu thu

sens^ 2«Muii

Thii* nghiem ihict bi phat sieu am: bien tir sieu am dugc kich phat dat vao hai dau

ciia mSu mSu xi mang ky hieu 5.1 (hinh 2.6 a), diing dao dong ky do tin hieu tai bie'n tu

thu, so sanh vdi thdi diem bat dau kich phat sieu am la cd thdi gian truyen qua ciia sdng

a) May phat sieu am

b) Tin hieu thu dugc :

b] : tin hieu ciia xung kich phat va xung sieu am thu dugc sau khi qua

mau

b2 : khuech dai hinh anh ciia bl

19

Ket kuan

So sanh vdi muc tieu de ra ciia de tai, ket qua thu dugc ciia chiing tdi da hoan thanh dugc muc tieu de ra

1 Thiet ke lap rap thanh cdng may phat sieu am tan sd 50kHz den 500kHz

2 Khao sat dugc quy luat bien doi van tdc truyen sdng sieu am trong cac mdi trudng thd, tiif dd khang dinh cd kha nang dijng sdng sieu am tham dd Idng dat

3 Cd mpt bao cao khoa hgc tai hoi nghi khoa hoc trudng Dai hoc S\x pham Ha Ndi 2 thang 11 nam 2007: Mot sd ket qud nghien cuu qua trinh truyen song sieu dm

trong moi trudng ddt dd, be tong

4 2 khoa luan tdt nghiep sinh vien

Hudng phat trien tie'p theo ciia de tai la che lao may tham dd long dat phuc vu cdng tac khao co hoc hien thi hinh anh 3D

Tai lieu tham khao

1 Sieu am, nguyen ly va iing dung Nguyen Viet Kinh, Nguyin Dang Lam

2 Tai lieu chuyen khao ki^m tra khdng pha hiiy bang phuang phap sieu am Khoa Vat

Ly - Dai hgc Tong hgp Ha Ndi

3 Hudng dan sii dung may thir sieu am Tyce C368 PGS.TS Cao Chi Dung - Vien ca hgc

4 CSL2 Manual

21

Phu luc

L Photocopy bai bao kem bia va muc luc Tap chi cong bd

01 bao cao Hoi nghi Khoa hgc Dai hgc Su pham 2, 2007

Nguyfin Dang Lam, Pham Van Thanh, Ngo Quy Them, Mot sdket qud nghien cdu

qua trinh truyen song sieu dm trong mdi trucmg ddt dd, be tong, tr 58, Hdi nghi

Khoa hgc Dai hgc Su pham 2, 2007

2 Photocopy bia luan van Dai hgc dugc thuc hien theo hudng de tai

Khda luan Dai hgc:

• Tran Trgng Nghia, K48 Vat ly, Phuang phdp kiem tra khuyet tat trong khdi

be tong bdng mdy thd sieu dm type C386, 2007

• Tran Van Hieu, Xdy dung thie't bi phdt song sieu dm, 2007

MUC LUC

1 Phat bieu khai mac cua Hieu tri/dng 3

2 Danh muc cac tdm tat bao cao 7

3 Tieu ban: Van hgc 7

4 Tieu ban: Ngdn ngCr 25

5 Tieu ban: KHGD - GDTC & GDTC 31

6 Tieu ban: Toan - Tin 44

7 Tieu ban: Vat ly 55

8 Tieu ban: Hoa hgc 65

9 Tieu ban: Sinh - KTNN 81

10 Muc luc

99

Hpi nghi Khoa hoc 2007

hieu SO radar hien dai thuc hien iren bo mach TMS320C6416T DSK ciia hang Texas Instrument Cac chucmg irinh ma ngu6n C viet vdi su trg giup

cua phan m6m Mallab SPtooI di tao ra cac tap he sd cho cac bd lpc D'ltm

thu vi cua cac bO lpc nay la chi c^n thay d6i cac tap he s6 trong mpt chuang trinh ma ngudn C duy nhit la ta co th^ tao ra dupe cac loai bp loc khac nhau vdi cac dac trung tin sd hoan toan khac bi6t

7 Mpt so ket qua nghien cCfu qua trinh truyen song sieu am trong moi tradng ddt da, be tong

Nguyen Ddng Lam, Pligm Vdn Thdnh

Dgi hoc Qudc gia Ha Noi

Ngo Quy Tliem Vien Ca, Vien KH&CN Viet Nam

B^o cao trinh bay nhung ket qua budc dau cua vi^c nghien ciiu, khao sal qua trinh truyen song sieu am trong m6i tmdng da't, da, be i6ng Nhom tac gia bao cao da do dupe van tO'c truyen song sieu am trong cac moi trudng tren, khao sat danh gia dupe kha nang truyen qua ciia song sieu am va danh gia kha nang thu song phan xa khi s6ng gap cac lap dia tang khac nhau

Cac ket qua tren khang dinh kha nang diing song sieu am chup anh Idp dia lang gan mat da't dudi 1 m

8 Influence of atom density on criticaltemperature Tc in high-tc superconductors

Nguyen The Lam Hanoi Pedagogic Univer.stty No 2

It will show ihai, the Cooper pairing may be represented by our Coopc^r pairing potential With the Cooper pairing, the received energy spectrum of elccirons is suit as other theories The low density of atoms

58

25

Mot s6 ket qua bu6c ddu nghien cuu kha nang truyen song sieu am trong moi

truong da't da

Nguyen Dang Lam, Pham Van Thanh (Dai hgc Qudc Gia Ha Noi), , Ngo Quy Them (Vien ca - TTKH TN&CN qudc gia)

LMdd^u:

Sdng sieu am la nhung dao dong dan hdi truyen trong cac mdi trudng vat chat dan hoi nhu ran, long, khi Qua trinh truyen sdng didn ra nhu sau: Do ngoai lire tac dung, "mot hat" cua moi trudng bi rdi chd khdi vi tri can bang va bat dau dao ddng Do cac hat lien ket vdi nhau nen cac dao dong nay se truyen sang hat ben canh lam cho nd dao ddng Qua trinh Cli tiep tuc tao thanh sdng sieu am Sdng dan hdi dugc dac trung bang 3 thdng sd ca ban la tan sd (f), budc sdng (A), va tdc do truyen sdng (c) Chung dugc lien he vdi nhau qua he thiic:

c = l.f

Sdng dan hoi cd tan sd tir 16kHz de'n lOOMHz dugc ggi la sdng sieu am Trong mdi trudng ddng nhat dang hudng rgng vd han tdn tai 2 loai sdng la sdng dgc va sdng ngang Trong mdi trudng gidi ndi cdn cd cac loai sdng mat nhu Rayleigh va sdng Lame Tdc do truyen ciia cac loai sdng sieu am dugc xac dinh bang bieu thuc:

9' la gdc phan xa hoac khuc xa

c la tdc do truyen trong mdi trudng 1

c' la tdc don truyen trong mdi trudng 2

Khi sdng sieu am truyen trong mdi trudng, bien do ciia nd giam theo quy luat:

a =—.In —

y A,

Nhu vay tdc dd truyin sdng sieu am va he sd suy giam a deu phii thudc vao ban

chft mdi trudng, Ddi vdi mdi trudng ke't ca'u dong nhat va hat mjn nhu sat, thep sdng sieu

am it bi ha'p thu va cd kha nang truyen di xa Vi vay nd dugc su dung rat rdng rai trong y te' va trong ki^m tra khong pha hiiy Viec khao sat kha nang truyen sdng sieu am trong mdi trudng da't da khdng ddng nha't cung rat c^n thiet, nd giiip md ra cac u*ng dung trong tham dd Idng dat, phat hien td mdi, phat hien cac di vat khao co, v.v

.-' ' ; n Bd' tri thi nghiem va ke't qua khao sat

1 Sir dung phuang phap do true tiep trong phdng thi nghiem: vdi cac mSu si mang, da't, da nhu sau:

" B d tri thi nghiem:

May phat sieu am phat xung kich vao bien tir sieu am phat, bien tu phat se phat

sdng sieu am truyen qua miu den bien tir thu Tin hieu dugc dua d€x\ bg thu ciia may sieu

am Diing man hien sdng quan sat va do khoang each thdi gian giira tin hieu phat va thu sieu am, tiif dd suy ra van tdc truyen

He so hap thu(a) 17.97393 7.25042

Khoi lirong rieng

P (kg/m^)

2410 2639.463

Kich thuac mSu (cm) 10x10x10 1=20 d=7.45

—

27