Giáo án Tiếng Anh tự chọn lớp 12

Unchanged the names of creatures: deer, sheep, calf, cod, pike, plaice, salmon, squid, trout, turbot these nouns can take either singular or plural verbs hình thức số ít, nhiều không đổi

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TRƯỜNG THPT LIẾN SƠN www.thptlienson.edu.vn – TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ - GIÁO ÁN TỰ CHỌN TIẾNG ANH 2011-2012

Ngày soạn: / / Ngày giảng: / /

Sounds Letter

ngắn, gầnvới ơ

trongâmViệt

câm,không

có âm

phụ

âm vớis

ây, âm képdài

/st/ start

phụ

âm p+

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như âmViệt

phụ

âm k+

ngân, âmlưỡi họng

phụ

âm b+

phụ

âm d+

phụ

âm f+

/ oiә/ oyer employe

r

Đọc oi-ơ

θ +

kết hợp khác

dụ chỉmangtínhminhhọa,họcsinhcầnnhớconchưđạidiệnâm

như âmViệt

/stj/ student

Chú ý: - Các biểu tượng cấu âm ở các từ điển khác nhau có sự khác biệt nhỏ.

- Âm biến đổi phụ thuộc vào ngữ cảnh và chức năng từ vựng, chức năng biểu cảm của âm

- Hiện tượng các từ khác nhau phát âm giống nhau gọi là đồng âm khác nghĩa “homonym”

TIẾT 3 + 4 PRACTICE EXERCISE 1 – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 1

Find the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others of the same group.

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16 A drunkar d B postcard C remark D discard

24 A geology B psychology C classify D photography

35 A dictation B repetition C station D question

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TIẾT 5 PHẦN II – STRESS – TRỌNG ÂM

RULES TO MARK STRESS – QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM

I. Definitions:

1 Phoneme: The smallest part of sound (vowel and consonant sounds) Âm tố - là thành phần nhỏ nhất của âm

thanh (gồm nguyên âm và phụ âm)

2 Syllable: The sound made when one or clusters of phoneme are articulated Âm tiết – là tiếng phát ra khi một

hoặc nhiều âm tố được phát âm

lớn hay thống trị về âm của một âm tiết khi một chùm âm của một từ (có từ hai âm tiết trở lên) được đọc, nói hay phát âm.

II. Rules to mark stress:

1 Di-syllable words:

a Usually on the second syllable if it is a verb whose second syllable doesn’t contain the vowel sounds of /ә/, /I/,

and /әu/, on the first syllable of the other words (trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 đối với động từ - trừ

các âm tiết thứ 2 chứa nguyên âm /ә/, /I/, hoặc /әu/, rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất đối với các từ loại còn lại) As:

mother, ready, color, palace, student, teacher, tonight, afraid, people, money, enjoy, paper, begin, provide, summer, abroad, noisy, success, enter,…

b Usually on the root syllables with words having suffixes or prefixes(đối với những từ có mang tiền tố, hậu tố,

trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết gốc) As: become, react, foretell, unpleasant, begin, failure, threaten, daily,

treatment, ruler, unknown, builder, lately, quickly,…

c Be careful with words with different word-class (đối với những từ mà bản thân có nhiều chức năng từ vựng ta

áp dụng qui tắc a) As

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PRACTICE EXERCISE 2 - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 2 Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group.

17 A spaceship B planet C solar D surround

18 A brilliant B daily C extreme D protein

19 A appoint B gather C threaten D vanish

TIẾT 6 RULES TO MARK STRESS – QUI TẮC ĐÁNH TRỌNG ÂM

2 Words with more than two syllable:

cinema, regular, singular, international, satisfactory, recognize, demonstrate, qualify, psychology, biologist, biology, democracy, responsibility…

“eous”, “ious”, “iar”, “ion”(đối với các từ có tận cùng như đã liệt kê, trọng âm thường rơi vào âm tiết liền

trước của các tận cùng này – thứ 2 kể từ âm tiết cuối) As: physician, experience, expedient, parental, essential,

habitual, courageous, delicious, familiar,… (Except for: Television)

c Usually on the suffixes “ese”, “ee’, “eer”, “ier”, “ette”, “oo”, “esque” (đối với các từ có tận cùng như liệt kê,

trọng âm thường rơi vào chính các âm tiết chứa các tận cùng này) As: Portuguese, refugee, employee,

engineer, volunteer, adequate, picturesque, cigarette,…

PRACTICE EXERCISE 3 - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 3 Find the one whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group.

1 A interesting B surprising C amusing D successful

2 A understand B engineer C benefit D Vietnamese

3 A aP.Plicant B uniform C yesterday D employment

4 A dangerous B parachute C popular D magazine

5 A beautifully B intelligent C redundancy D discovery

6 A comfortable B employment C important D surprising

7 A variety B irrational C industrial D characterize

8 A colorful B equality C dictionary D vegetable

10 A difference B suburban C internet D character

11 A beautiful B effective C favorite D popular

12 A attraction B government C borrowing D visit

13 A difficulty B individual C population D unemployment

14 A biology B redundancy C interviewer D comparative

15 A conversation B isolation C traditional D situation

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16 A capital B tradition C different D opera

17 A inventor B physicist C president D gardener

18 A biology B interviewer C redundancy D America

19 A encourage B consider C constitute D inhabit

20 A industry B holiday C adventure D certainty

Notes: - Trên thực tế không có một qui tắc bất biến cho việc xác định vị trí trọng âm của từ.

- Việc xác định trọng âm cần thực hiện cùng cách phát âm, dựa nhiều vào kinh nghiệm

- Những bài tập được cung cấp là những bài tập có tần suất sử dụng lớn để soạn đề thi

TIẾT 7 + 8 PRACTICE EXERCISE 4 - BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 4

Find the word whose stress pattern is different from the others of the same group:

1 A continue B disaP.Pear C imagine D inhabit

2 A altogether B capacity C eventually D particular

3 A professor B digestion C mechanic D engine

4 A mathematics B biology C experiment D philosophy

5 A evolution B development C discovery D philosopher

6 A another B energy C centigrade D gravity

7 A evaporate B temperature C impossible D experiment

8 A gravity B professor C pyramid D remedy

9 A abandon B discover C imagine D satisfy

10 A activity B epidemic C philosopher D significance

12 A remedy B exercise C pollution D surgery

13 A pneumonia B activity C psychiatrist D ordinary

15 A expression B successful C physical D prevention

20 A government B condition C parliament D fortunate

22 A interesting B important C increasing D implying

25 A biology B intelligent C environment D infrastructure

30 A revolution B responsible C renovation D regulation

32 A bacteria B dangerous C government D interesting

35 A accompany B responsibility C environment D parliament

37 A cinema B telephone C department D restaurant

40 A excellent B exactly C dangerous D wonderful

41 A beautiful B elephant C already D usually

43 A amuse B imagine C interest D surprise

44 A especially B beautifully C quickly D lately

45 A policeman B performer C engineer D assistant

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51 A picture B business C stranger D return

53 A performance B unknown C visit D confirm

57 A interest B remember C assemble D resemble

58 A policeman B semester C exercise D attendance

59 A vegetable B interesting C volleyball D detective

64 A vegetable B university C Wednesday D television

67 A preparation B decoration C television D exhibition

70 A discovery B calculator C aero-plane D difficulty

71 A descendant B environment C ornamental D delivery

72 A resounding B recompense C reconcile D recognize

73 A difference B deficit C reference D deficiency

74 A devilish B transparent C glorify D luxury

75 A arithmetic B aristocrat C artificial D argument

76 A honorable B intimacy C participate D interviewer

77 A militarism B infected C eventual D community

78 A suP.Port B colleague C bilingual D evaluate

79 A apology B apparent C adverbial D advocate

80 A oblivious B ferocious C scandalous D victorious

81 A librarian B respectable C terrific D terrorist

82 A architect B pioneer C military D principal

83 A utterance B attendance C performance D reluctance

84 A ferocious B adventure C Orient D achievement

85 A occurrence B particular C spectator D preference

TIẾT 9 + 10 PHẦN III - PARTS OF SPEECH - BỘ PHẬN NGÔN NGỮ (TỪ VỰNG)

I NOUNS (N): DANH TỪ

1 Definition: To call out the names of things, objects, actions, or movements…

(dùng để gọi tên sự vật, hiện tượng)

2 Functions: (chức năng)

Subject (S)(chủ ngữ): Gender of a verb (A teacher usually works at school)

Object (O)(tân ngữ): Follow verbs or prepositions (He buys some cakes for his birthday party)

Complement (C)(bổ ngữ): Make the complementation (She was a famous singer)

Compounds (Co)(danh từ ghép): summer holiday, birthday cakes,…

Possessive cases (Pc)(dạng sở hữu cách): the boss’s car, his teacher’s remarks,…

Noun phrases (Np)(cụm danh từ kết hợp tự do): Free words combination or compounds

3 Plural forms: dạng thức biến đổi số nhiều

3.1 Adding “s” to almost count-nouns: thêm ‘s’ vào sau hầu hết các danh từ, đọc /s/ và /z/

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3.2 Adding “es” to the count-nouns that end in “ s, ss, sh, ch, o, x ” with /iz/ or /z/ sound: thêm ‘es’

s

3.3 Adding “ies” to the count-nouns that end in “y” with its preceding consonants: them ‘ies’

singular plural singular plural

3.4 Adding “ves” to the count-nouns that end in “f, fe”: đổi ‘f’, ‘fe’ thành ‘ves’

singular plural singular plural

3.5 Irregular changes: dạng biến đổi bất qui tắc

singular plural singular plural Singular plural

a

3.6 Collective noun: crew, family, group, team,…(singular or plural form, either singular or plural verb) danh

từ tổ hợp, có thể coi là số ít hoặc số nhiều, dùng động từ dạng số ít hoặc nhiều

3.7 Always plural form-nouns: luôn tồn tại dưới hình thức số nhiều

3.8 Unchanged the names of creatures: deer, sheep, calf, cod, pike, plaice, salmon, squid, trout, turbot (these

nouns can take either singular or plural verbs) hình thức số ít, nhiều không đổi

3.9 Plural form but singular verb-noun: news, mumps (bệnh sưng quai hàm), billiards, bowls – hình thức số

nhiều nhưng sử dụng như số ít

4 Uncountable nouns: Danh từ không đếm được

4.1 Substances: vật chất

4.2 Abstract nouns: danh từ không đếm được

4.3 Others: một số danh từ khác

4.4 Notes: Particular sense of uncountable nouns: một số danh từ không đếm được lại có mạo từ

4.4.1 a help: A great help to + O (He gave a great help to our family)

4.4.2 a relief: A relief to + V (That gave me a relief to continue my study)

4.4.3 a knowledge: A good/ bad knowledge of + N (Pete has got a good knowledge of history)

4.4.4 a dislike / dread / hatred / horror / love of + …(He had a great love for funny stories)

4.4.5 a mercy / pity / shame / wonder + that…(It’s a pity that I couldn’t come)

4.4.6 a fear/ fears; a hope/ hopes; a suspicion/ suspicions: We have a suspicion / suspicions that

no one will agree to help.

5 Compound nouns: danh từ ghép

5.1 Noun-noun: Hanoi-capital; hall-door; hitch-hiker; kitchen-table; traffic light; winter clothes;

5.2 Noun-gerund: fruit-picking; weight-lifting; lorry-driving; bird-watching; coal-mining;

surf-5.3 Gerund-noun: waiting-list; landing card; driving board; dining room; driving license;…

5.4 Free combination: sự kết hợp tự do

- shop window; church bell; picture frame; garden gate; college library; gear level;…

- city street; corner shop; country lane; …

- summer holiday; spring flowers; Sunday paper; dawn chorus; November fog; …

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- steel door; stone wall; silk shirt;…/ - coffee cup; golf club; chess board; football ground;…

- fish-farm; gold-mine; oil-rig; …/ - football match; beauty contest; pop music;…

6 Suffixes: các hậu tố dùng để tạo danh từ.

6.1 er/ or/ ist/ ant/ ee/…: teacher, visitor, terrorist, vegetarian, aP.Plicant, employee,…

6.2 ent/ ce/ ion/ ism/ ance/ age/…: government, difference, action, capitalism, assistance, marriage,…

6.3 hood/ dom/ ship/ ness/ iety/…: neighborhood, freedom, friendship, sadness, variety,

6.4 ility/ ing/ al/ our/ y/…: possibility, fishing, refusal, arrival, behavior, difficulty,…

II VERBS (V)

1 Definition: To denote action, state, and be the most important part of sentences.

2 Classification: phân loại động từ

2.1 Auxiliary verbs: động từ trợ

2.1.1 Primary auxiliary verbs: be/ have/ do (These verbs can either be auxiliaries or lexical verbs)

2.1.2 Modal verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to + base form/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ be

going to + base form/ used to + base form/ ought to + base form/(These are sometimes functional verbs)

2.2 Lexical verbs: động từ mang nghĩa

2.2.1 Intensive verbs: verbs that show the state (She feels tired/ He is selfish)

2.2.2 Extensive verbs: verbs that show the affection (He gets angry/ They are helpful)

2.2.3 Intransitive verbs: verbs that can function as verb phrases and make sentences meaningful without

any complementation e.g She cried (noisily) It rains/ is raining (hard/ heavily/ cats and dogs)

2.2.4 Transitive verbs: verbs that need complementation

a Mono-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by one object (S+V+O).

e.g She bought flowers Ann met her fiance’ yesterday.

b Di-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by both direct and indirect objects (S+V+O+O)

e.g She bought me some sweets (= She bought some sweets for me) They gave me a big cake (=They gave a big cake to me)

c Complex transitive verbs: follow the form “S + V + O + Co” e.g He made me angry

d Affixations: phụ tố để tạo động từ

3.1 en: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or lead to )

e.g danger…….to endanger wide…… to widen rich……… to enrich

courage……to encourage length……to lengthen broad …… to broaden

3.2 ize/ ise: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or develop, or specify)

e.g modern……to modernize industrial….to industrialize minimum….to minimize

maximum….to maximize capital…… to capitalize natural…… to naturalize

3 Sentence models:

4.1 S + V-intrans They laugh/ The wind is blowing.

4.2 S + V-monotrans + O He did his homework/ Harley carried an umbrella.

4.3 S + V-in/ extensive + Cs He became famous/ They are nearly exhausted.

4.4 S + V-intrans + A He went abroad/ She arrives late.

4.5 S + V-ditrans + O + O She buys me presents/ That brings my father success

4.6 S + V-complex trans + O + C The story made me bored/ You drive me mad.

4.7 S + V-intrans + A + A She went to school early/ He came to the park in the early morning.

TIẾT 11 + 12 PHẦN III - PARTS OF SPEECH - BỘ PHẬN NGÔN NGỮ (TỪ VỰNG)

III ADJECTIVES (ADJ)

1 Kinds (Classification): phân loại

1.1 Main kinds: phân loại chính

a Demonstrative: this, that, those, these.

b Distributive: each, every, either, neither.

c Quantitative: some, any, no, little, few, many, much, numbers

d Interrogative: which, what, whose.

e Possessive: my, your, his, her, our, its, their

f Quality: clever, dry, fat, golden, heavy,…

1.2 Participles: phân từ

a present: ING-form boring, interesting, exciting,…(for objects)

b past: ED-form broken, tired, bored,…(for human-beings)

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c Notes: Present participles are different from gerund e.g He was fishing./ His hobby is fishing.

2 Functions (Position): chức năng hay vị trí

2.1 Noun-subordinator: (bổ nghĩa cho danh từ) a new book, a kind lady, a large room,…

2.2 Verb-complementation: (bổ nghĩa cho động từ) Follow the certain verbs as be, become, seem aP.Pear, feel,

get, grow (become), keep, look (aP.Pear), make, smell, sound, taste, turn,…

But some verbs can take either an adjective or an adverb: Eg: - He looks calm (=He himself is calm)

- He looks calmly at the angry crowd (= He shows no attitude to the angry crowd)

3 Comparison forms: cấp so sánh

3.1 Positive degree: so sánh bằng as + adjs + as

Eg: - She is as tall as my wife - Peter was as hard-working as I was (me).

3.2 Comparative degree: so sánh hơn

3.2.1 Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết adjs-ER + than

Eg: - Lan is shorter than Na - She was better at English than we were (us)

3.2.2 Multisyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết more + adjs + than

Eg: - She was more hard-working than us - We are more intelligent than him

3.3 Superlative degree: so sánh hơn nhất

3.3.1 Monosyllable-adjectives: với tính từ đơn âm tiết the adjs-EST

Eg: - Nam is the best in our class - She was the kindest lady I’ve ever met.

3.3.2 Multisyllable- adjectives: với tính từ đa âm tiết the most + adjs

Eg: - Sharol was the most intelligent in my group - She is the most hard-working girl I’ve ever known.

Notes: For adjectives ending in “er”, “y”, “ly”, or the irregular cases:

Adjective Comparative Superlative Adjective Comparative Superlative

much

3.4 Parallel: so sánh song song và so sánh thăng tiến

- “The… the”: The older she gets, the wiser she become.

- And: It’s getting darker and darker She has now more and more free time.

- Gerunds/ infinitives: Riding a horse is not as easy as riding a bike.

It’s nicer/ better/ more fun to go with someone than to go alone

3.5 Like/ alike: Tom is very like Bill Tom and Bill are alike.

3.6 Like/ as: He swims like a fish You look like a ghost Do as I told you.

3.7 Like + N/ as + N: He worked like a slave (He worked very hard/ He wasn’t a slave).

He worked as a slave (He was a slave in fact).

3.8 The adjectives: The rich, the poor,…

4 Clauses: các mệnh đề danh tính ngữ

4.1 That – clause: It is disappointed that he failed the exam./ It’s better that someone should tell him.

4.2 find/ think/ believe + that it + adjs + to + V:

I found that it is impossible to start now./ She thought that it was silly to ask him to stay.

4.3 It be + adjs + (of O) + infinitives:

a Character: brave, careless, cowardly (nhút nhát), cruel, generous, good, nice (=kind), mean, rude, selfish

b Sense: clever, foolish, idiotic (ngu), intelligent, sensible (nhạy bén), silly, stupid,…

4.4 Pronoun + be + adjs + noun + infinitives: Using the above adjectives and: astonishing, curious,

ridiculous (lố bịch), unreasonable, funny(=strange), odd (lập dị), pointless, useful, useless,…

- That’s the amazing idea to show - It was an unreasonable result to accept.

4.5 It’s + adjs + infinitives: advisable, inadvisable, better, best, desirable, essential, good, important,

necessary, unnecessary, vital (tất yếu),…

4.6 It be + adjs + (for O) + infinitives: convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, possible, important, safe,…

4.7 S + be + adjs + infinitives : - Angry, delighted, dismayed, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sorry, sad,…

( S + be + glad/ happy/ sorry/ sad/… + to say/ tell/ inform; Others adjs + to find/ learn/ hear/ see/…)

- Able, unable, apt, inclined, liable, prone, prepared, quick, reluctant, slow, ready, willing,

4.8 Special cases: các cấu trúc đặc biệt

- Due: (time) >The race is due to start in 5 minutes (sắp xảy ra)

- Due to: a result of >The accident was due to his carelessness.(vì, do bởi)

- Owing to: because of >owing to his carelessness, we had an accident (bởi vì, do bởi)

- Certain/ sure + to V= opinion >He is sure to take legal action (chắc là – suy đoán)

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- Certain/ sure that + (clause) = opinion >I am certain that the price will be higher (chắc là – suy đoán)

- Certain/ sure/ confident of + N/G: He was sure of entering the haunted house.(quyêt tâm)

- Bound + to V= obligation > We were bound to leave.

- Afraid/ ashamed of + N/G: She was afraid of being left alone.

- Sorry for/ about + N/G: Tom felt sorry for making so many mistakes.

- Afraid/ ashamed/ sorry + to V: I’m sorry to tell you that bad news.

- Anxious about = worried He was anxious about going in the dark alone.

- Anxious for O to V = wish He was anxious for you to go in the dark alone.

- Anxious that + (clause) We are anxious that we couldn’t come.

- Fortunate/ lucky that +(clause) = It’s a good thing…It was lucky that we weren’t late.

- S + be fortunate/ lucky to V She was lucky to have such an interesting book.

- Possible/ probable/ likely + future = perhaps It’s possible that man will live longer.

- Aware/ conscious of N/G We should be aware of protecting our nature.

- Aware/ conscious + that +(clause) She was conscious that she would be late.

5 Suffixes:

5.1 able/ ible/ ish/ ed/ ing/ ful/ less/…: talkable, visible, whitish, bored, amusing, careful, hopeless,…

5.2 y/ ly/ en/ ese/ ous/ al/ ive/…: wealthy, manly, golden, Chinese, poisonous, logical, effective,…

5.3 ade/ ate/ ent/ wide/ ic/ ist/…: adequate, humanate, dependent, worldwide, domestic, communist,…

5.4 like/ style/ type/…: childlike, Roman-type, German-style,…

5.5 Nationality: a an: American, Venezuelan, German, Mexican, African,…

b ese: Chinese, Vietnamese, Portuguese, Sudanese, Lebanese,…

c i: Pakistani, Iraqi, Israeli, Yemeni, Saudi,…

d ian: Argentinean, Australian, Brazilian, Italian,…

e ish: English, Polish, Turkish, Danish, Finnish,…

f others: Czech, French, Dutch, Swiss, Greek, Thai,…

IV ADVERBS (ADV) TRẠNG TỪ

1 Kinds (Classification): phân loại

1.1 Adv of manner: bravely/ haP.Pily/ quickly/ well/ …( She sings marvelously/ He worked very hard)

1.2 Adv of place: by/ down/ near/ here/ there/ … (She comes there twice a week/ Here comes the police)

1.3 Adv of time: now/ soon/ still/ today/ yet/…(We are going to Hanoi today/ He will return soon)

1.4 Adv of frequency: always/ once/ twice/…(We never eat dog-meat/ She once became the leader)

1.5 Adv of sentence: certainly/ definitely/ luckily/ ( He was certainly the liar/ Luckily, she passed the exam) 1.6 Adv of degree: fairly/ hardly/ rather/ quite/ too/ …(He was quite handsome/ Hardly did we see anything) 1.7 Adv of interrogative: when/ where/ why/… (When did you go?/ Where is she now?)

1.8 Adv of relative: when/ where/ why (He came when we were watching T.V)

2 Same form with adjectives: tính từ và trạng từ có chung hình thức

Note: Adv* can either have “ly” or not, but differences in meanings.

3 Positions (Functions): vị trí hay chức năng

3.1 Adv of manner: trạng từ chỉ thể cách

Follow verbs: eg: He danced gracefully.

Before pres or follow objects in “V + pre + O”: eg: He looked at me carefully He looked carefully at me Follow Subject: eg: He suspiciously tasted the soup.

At the beginning or end: eg: Carefully he checks the suitcase He checks the suitcase carefully.

3.2 Adv of time: trạng từ chỉ thời gian

At the beginning or end of sentences: afterwards/ eventually/ lately/ now/ recently/ at once/ since then/ till/…

eg: He will returns soon Today we will learn lesson two.

Always at the end: before*/ early/ immediately*/ late (Adv* as conjunctions at the beginning)

eg: He went to the church immediately Immediately, he went to the church

Follow verbs or “V + O”: yet/ still eg: He still lives in the suburb of the city.

Split: just eg: He has just left the house.

3.3 Adv of place:

3.3.1 At the beginning or end: away/ everywhere/ nowhere/ somewhere/ here /there/

eg: Nowhere could we find him English is spoken everywhere.

3.3.2 Administration: here/ there eg: He lives here/ She hasn’t gone there.

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3.4 Adv of frequency:

3.4.1 always/ continually/ frequently/ often/ once/ twice/ periodically/ repeatedly/ sometimes/ usually

eg: She usually walks to school.

3.4.2 Restricted (inversion): hardly ever/ never/ rarely/ scarcely ever/ seldom

eg: Never will she eat this kind of food.

3.5 Inversion cases: cỏc trường hợp đảo ngữ

* Phó từ đảo lên đầu câu

Trong tiếng Anh có những trờng hợp phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thờng của nó mà đảo lên đứng đầu câu nhằm nhấnmạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ

Trong trờng hợp đó ngữ pháp có thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng ở đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi mới đến chủ ngữ và động từchính (công thức sau)

hardly/ rarely/ seldom/ never/ only… + auxiliary + subject + verb

Eg Never have so many people been unemployed as today

Phó từ trợ động từ chủ ngữ động từ

(so many people have never been unemployed as today.)

Hardly had he fallen asleep when he began to dream of far-away lands

Phó từ tđt chủ ngữ động từ

(He had hardly fallen asleep when he dream of far-away lands.)

Rarely have we seen such an effective actor as he has proven

(we have rarely seen such an effective actor as he has proven.)

Seldom does the class let out early

Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task

(We will be able to accomplish this great task only by hard work.)

* Một số các phó từ đặc biệt đứng đầu câu

IN/ UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES : Dù trong hoàn cảnh nào cũng không

Eg In / under no circumstances should you lend him the money

(dù trong bất cứ trờng hợp nào anh cũng không nên cho nó vay tiền.)

ON NO ACCOUNT: Dù bất cứ lý do nào cũng không

Eg On no account must this switch be toughed (dù với bất cứ lý do nào anh cũng không đợc động vào ổ cắm này)

SO + ADJ + AUXILIARY + S + V + THAT đến nỗi mà

Eg So difficult did she get a job that she had to stay home for an year

(Cô ấy kiếm đợc việc làm một cách khó khăn đến nỗi cô ấy đã phải ngồi nhà 1 năm trời)

So sure of this were the owners that they provided lifeboats for only 950 of its possible 3,500 passengers.(Những ngời chủ của con tàu đã quá tin tởng đến nỗi mà họ chỉ trang bị xuồng cứu đắm cho 950 trong số 3,500hành khách mà con tàu có thể tải đợc - chích trong bài đọc về tàu Titanic)

ONLY IN THIS WAY : Chỉ có bằng cách này

Eg Only in this way could you solve the problem

(Chỉ có bằng cách này thì cậu mới giải đợc vấn đề hóc búa này.)

NAGATIVE, , NOR + AUXILIARY + S + V ( mà cũng chẳng/ mà cũng không )

Eg He didn’t have any money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow

( Nó chẳng còn đồng nào cả mà nó cũng chẳng biết ai mà nó có thể hỏi vay.)

TIẾT 13 +14 PRACTICE EXERCISE 5 – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 5

Choose one word or phrase marked A,B,C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.

1 He is interested dancing

2 My mother is fed with doing the housework everyday

3 Children enjoy cartoons

4 I am afraid of alone in dark

A being left B left C to be interested D interest

5 English people are in playing football

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A interested B interesting C to be interested D to be interesting

6 John hasn’t got a job He has to live on benefit

A employ B employing C unemployment D employment

7 She’s proud of her

A successful B success C succeed D succeeded

8 Anna can’t get the job because there are too many for it

A engineers B interviewers C applicants D workers

9 There are many ways to learn English vocabulary

A different B differences C differ D differing

10 Nam stopped two years ago

A smoking B smoke C to smoke D smoked

11 A storm has swept a hundred of houses away

A strong B heavy C hard D long

12 My child would rather read books than anything else

A doing B to do C did D do

13 My friend doesn't like asking her mother money

A to B in C for D with

14 Mrs Lan up being on a diet because it was not effective

A gives B giving C to give D gave

15 Anna has just graduated from university She wants to apply a suitable job

A at B for C to D in

16 He is unemployment He gets some unemployment

A salary B card C benefit D currency

17 A long walk makes every body

A tired B tiring C to tire D tire

18 My teacher is a smoker He smokes 30 cigarettes a day

A much B heavy C many D big

19 Her parents can't stand her at home all day

A to see B see C seeing D seen

20 I am tired watching the same program every day

A in B on C with D of

21 While she , the phone rang

A was cooking B cooked C cooking D cook

22 My mother is used to a speaker

A to be B being C have been D been

23 She doesn't have time to go shopping because she's too with her work

A busy B bored C get up D tired

24 His roof was broken by a wind two weeks ago

A hard B big C strong D much

25 He has learned English for 4 years, and she is good English now

A by B at C for D in

26 They have grown roses here 1990

A for B since C during D in

27 You'll miss the train you don't hurry up

A if B When C since D unless

28 He is my brother But he looks younger than me

A elder B older C old D young

29 It took me forty five minutes to to office everyday

A getting B get C get D got

30 I don't mind living my own in a big city

A with B by C at D on

31 If you hear the fire , leave the building quickly

A alarm B caution C notice D.publicity

32 She remembered the correct address only _she had posted the letter

A since B afterwards C following D after

33 Children enjoy cartoon film

34 I am afraid of alone in dark

35 Over the past two years the _of living has risen considerably

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36 He told his father a long and _story to explain his lateness

A.inconceivable B.incredulous C.unimaginable D.unconvincing

37 We need _information before we can decide

A.further B.furthest C.far D farther

38 Women workers wear hats in _their hair gets caught in the machinery

A.course B.case C.occasion D.event

39 There are many ways to learn English vocabulary

A different B differences C differ D differing

40 I don’t mind living my own in a big city

41 She was filling in the form

A applicant B application C apply D appliance

42 It was to listen to the story

43 My brother and my sister have many

A different B difference C differ D differences

44 It was to see my old friends again

A surprised B surprise C surprisingly D surprising

45 Mr Brown gave a long about unemployment in Australia

46 We had a discussion about the news

47 She hates her mother for money

48 My sister is bored washing the dishes

49 She doesn’t like cartoon film

50 During the trip to Ha Long, we a lot of photos

TIẾT 15 + 16 + 17 PHẦN IV - SENTENCE ELEMENTS

1 Definition: Gender to be the action doer or described or mentioned

(là chủ thể của hành động hay đối tượng được miêu tả).

2 Classification:

a Subject pronouns: (đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ)

First Person Second Person Third Person

Eg He went abroad to study medicine They were killed in an accident.

b Nouns, or noun phrases: eg Love is a stage of feeling and can’t be recognized by senses.

Gain and loss go together.

c Gerunds: eg Fishing is his favourite pastime Getting good marks is not always difficult.

d Clauses: eg What we really wish is to be at the cinema All she can say is that he is a liar.

1 Definition: Element to be described or mentioned usually follows the verb to be or link verbs

(là thành tố hoàn thành câu, thường theo sau “to be” hoặc các link verbs).

a Nouns, or noun phrases: eg She is a kind hearted lady They became the new employees.

b Gerunds: eg Her hobby is singing.

c Verbs: eg My dream is to become a teacher.

d Clauses: eg A full apology is what the boss wants now./ A smile is all he could do and what he should do.

Notes: Có 2 loại bổ ngữ; bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ (Cs) – She was exhausted – và bổ ngữ của tân ngữ (Co) – The long

walk made us exhausted.

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1 Definition: Gender to be described or mentioned usually follows ordinary verbs to show the direct or indirect

goals that the verbs aim at (là thành tố hoàn thành câu, thường theo sau động từ thường chỉ hướng hay đốitượng của động từ)

a Object pronouns: (đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ)

First Person Second Person Third Person

Eg We met him yesterday She made us a big cake.

b Nouns, or noun phrases: eg She gave me a blank look We sent endless letters to the manager.

c Gerunds: eg The man loved telling funny stories / She was interested in going shopping on Sundays.

d Verbs: eg Jack wished to become an astronaut Kelvin loves to do the crosswords.

e Clauses: eg We know how we should solve the problem She asked why we didn’t arrive on time.

Notes: Có 2 loại bổ ngữ; bổ ngữ của chủ ngữ (Cs) – She was exhausted – và bổ ngữ của tân ngữ (Co) – The long

walk made us exhausted.

1 Definition: Element to be used to denote the stages, manner, methods, or to indicate time, places, purposes,

or others (được dùng để miêu tả trạng thái, cách thức, phương pháp, mức độ, hay dùng để chỉ thời gian, nơichốn, mục đích,… của hành động)

a Adverbs: eg We often go to work by bus She danced marvelously.

b Adverbials: eg In the past, people used to live in a large family.

c Clauses: eg When we came, they were fighting./ Billy tried hard in order that he could pass the exam.

1 Definition: To denote action, state, and be the most important part of sentences.

2 Classification: phân loại động từ

2.1 Auxiliary verbs: động từ trợ

2.1.1 Primary auxiliary verbs: be/ have/ do (These verbs can either be auxiliaries or lexical verbs)

2.1.2 Modal verbs: can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ have to + base form/ will/ would/ shall/ should/ be going to + base

form/ used to + base form/ ought to + base form/ (These are sometimes functional verbs)

2.2 Lexical verbs: động từ mang nghĩa

2.2.1 Intensive verbs: verbs that show the state (She feels tired/ He is selfish)

2.2.2 Extensive verbs: verbs that show the affection (He gets angry/ They are helpful)

2.2.3 Intransitive verbs: verbs that can function as verb phrases and make sentences meaningful without

any complementation e.g She cried (noisily) It rains/ is raining (hard/ heavily/ cats and dogs)

2.2.4 Transitive verbs: verbs that need complementation

e Mono-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by one object (S+V+O).

e.g She bought flowers Ann met her fiance’ yesterday.

f Di-transitive verbs: verbs that followed by both direct and indirect objects (S+V+O+O)

e.g She bought me some sweets (= She bought some sweets for me) They gave me a big cake (=They gave a big cake to me)

g Complex transitive verbs: follow the form “S + V + O + Co”

e.g He made me angry The female film star drove him mad.

3 Affixations: phụ tố để tạo động từ

3.1 en: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or lead to )

e.g danger…….to endanger wide…… to widen rich……… to enrich

courage……to encourage length……to lengthen broad …… to broaden

3.2 ize/ ise: added to nouns or adjectives (mean make, or develop, or specify)

e.g modern……to modernize industrial….to industrialize minimum….to minimize

maximum….to maximize capital…… to capitalize natural…… to naturalize

4 Sentence models:

4.1 S + V-intrans They laugh/ The wind is blowing.

4.2 S + V-monotrans + O He did his homework/ Harley carried an umbrella.

4.3 S + V-in/ extensive + Cs He became famous/ They are nearly exhausted.

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4.4 S + V-intrans + A He went abroad/ She arrives late.

4.5 S + V-ditrans + O + O She buys me presents/ That brings my father success

4.6 S + V-complex trans + O + C The story made me bored/ You drive me mad.

4.7 S + V-intrans + A + A/ others She went to school early/ He came to the park in the early morning.

1 Whenever he has free time, he goes swimming Swimming is his pastime

2 Children eating sweets

3 Young people hate , they prefer making questions

4 Your sister will be ill if she doesn’t stop so much

A to worry B worry C worried D worrying

5 The word “fishing” in “Fishing is his favorite pastime” is a(n

6 He loves lies, that’s why we call him “a liar”

7 The word “stopped” in “He stopped smoking 5 years ago” can be replaced by

8 She’s thirsty She’d like a cold drink

9 She never gets up late She’s used to up early

10 One of those from Japan

A students are B student are C students is D student is

11 Among those, I like the red one

12 We’ve got very milk left

13 He has been in hospital last Tuesday

14 I don’t really like An, but this time I’d like him

15 The science classes at this difficult

A schools are B school are C school is D schools is

16 Be quiet! I to listen to some important information

17 The teacher made us hard for the final examination

18 Neither Bill nor Norris going to the play tonight

19 He used on time But this time he is terribly late

20 He found to live on his unemployment benefit

21 My hobby is watching the whole city from the

22 Kangaroos are merely found in

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23 Opera, Jazz and Pop are sorts of

24 There are many thieves in the town Remember the door before you go out

25 Jane has to live on her unemployment benefit She is now

A out of work B out of order C out of date D out of office

26 Mt Everest is highest peak of Himalayas

A a/ the B the/ a C the/ nothing D the/ the

27 Nothing in your room since you were sent to the hospital

A have been moved B has been moved C have moved D has moved

28 Water plays a vital in developing agriculture

A part B importance C vision D character

29 The weather in the South of Vietnam seems than in the North

A more pleasant/ it B more pleasant/ that C pleasant/ the weather D more pleasant/ those

30 It’s more to use gas instead of electricity to warm up the house

A economy B economic C economical D economist

31 Ha Long is a place is good for sightseeing

32 It is his return made her happy

33 He is 59 years old He next year

A is going to retire B retires C retired D has retired

34.A dictionary is a book explains words

35 British Isles by speakers of Celtic language two thousand years ago

A inhabited B are inhabited C were inhabited D were inhabiting

36 He is from Tokyo He speaks

37 He wore dark glasses so that nobody could him

A recognize B recognition C recognized D recognizable

38 Modern English is different old English

39 It is necessary to learn a foreign

40 He arrived in Singapore Monday evening

A in B from C on D at

41 Unless we hurry, we’ll the bus

A miss B remember C catch D get in

42 I wish I here longer, but it’s time for me to go home

A stay B can stay C will stay D could stay

43 We are going to watch “The English language” program will be on at 8 p.m

44 It’s the flood sweeps away the house

45 English by about 700 million people around the world

A is been spoken B is going to spoken C is spoken D will spoken

46 Would you mind me your address?

A telling B tell C to tell D told

47 I won’t write him after finishing this test

A for B to C from D A or B

48 I like the work which is easy

49 Chinese is the only language with more than English

50 They are interested in practicing

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TIẾT 20 + 21 + 22 PHẦN V - TENSES – ÔN TẬP VỀ NGỮ PHÁP

I The simple present tense:

1 The form

2 The usage: - To denote actions that happened repeatedly (She never comes late)

- To denote long lasting events.(We live in Concord street)

- To denote a true fact (The earth moves around the Sun)

3 The recognition: - now/ nowadays/ today/ this summer/… - always/ usually/ often/ sometimes/ occasionally/…

- the proof of constant truth

4 Notes: - To denote a plan/ prediction/ timetables/… (The train leaves at 9.00)

- The division of “be”, “have”, “can, may, must”,…

II The present progressive tense:

1 The form:

2 The usage: - To denote happening actions at the time of speaking (She is teaching Maths)

- To denote the intention/ prediction/ plan/…(She is coming soon)

3 The recognition: - now/ right now/ at present/ at this time/ at this moment/…

- follow a command, request,…

4 Notes: - The ING-forms ( getting, running, having, writing, dying, lying,…)

- The omission of the verbs of awareness or sensation as: be/ see/ hear/ understand/ know/ like/ want/ glance/

feel/ think/ smell/ love/ hate/ realize/ seem/ remember/ forget/…( use the simple present instead )

III The present perfect tense:

1 The form:

2 The usage: - To denote actions that happened in the past but having results, relating, or still happening at

present (We have lived here since 1990)

- To denote actions that happened right before the time of speaking, using “just”

(She has just come from New York)

- To denote unfulfilled actions with “yet” (He hasn’t come yet)

- To denote past actions; no certain time expression, using “already” (We have already seen that film)

3 The recognition: - just = recently = lately - ever/ never (comments)

- already/ yet/ since/ for/ so far/ until now/ up to now (present)

Notes: - Past participles: (regular verbs adding “ed”./ irregular verbs “learn by heart”)

- The differences between the present perfect and the simple past tense.

- The present perfect progressive is used to denote past actions “happening”, or “will happen The tense is often

related to the verbs: live/ learn/ wait/ work/ study/… →“S + have/ has + been + V-ING”

IV The simple past tense:

1 The form: (pV = the past form of verbs)

2 The usage: - To denote a finished past action (We went to the park together)

- To report past events, past habits, or long lasting action in the past

(She did all the work yesterday./ We used to sit next to each other.)

3 The recognition: - last week/ month/ year/… - yesterday/ ago/ in 1969/ in the past/…

4 Notes: - The past form of the verbs: ( regular “V-ED”/ irregular (2nd column in the irregular verbs list))

- “ED” pronunciation /id/; /t/; /d/

V The past progressive tense:

1 The form:

2 The usage: - To denote past happening actions (She was watching T.V at 8.00 last night)

- To denote past interrupting actions (She was watching T.V when I came)

3 The recognition: - at 8.00 last night/ at that time/ at that moment/…

- time clause with “when”, “while = as”.

Notes: - actions that alternatively happened, use the simple past only (When I heard a knock at the

door, I came to open it When I opened the door, I saw my mum.)- this is a timed action.

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VI The past perfect tense:

1. The form:

2. The usage: - To denote past finished actions that happened and finished before a certain point of time or

another past event (the past of the past tense) e.g: She had sold all the baskets before 9.00 yesterday.

She had sold all the baskets when we came there yesterday.

3. The recognition: - when-clause/ after/ before/ already/ since/ for/…

- The past perfect progressive “S + had been + V-ING”

VII The simple future tense:

1 The form:

- “shall” is restrictedly used only for I/We with the formal senses

- The negative forms “will not = won’t”, “shall not = shan’t”

2 The usage: - To denote future actions (They will build more hospitals)

- To denote future plan/ idea/ timetable/…(The car will start in-time)

3 The recognition: - someday, tomorrow,…/ - next week/ month/ year/

4 Notes: “ shan’t” is not used in conditional sentences./ “ shall” is used as a suggestion/ invitation/… VIII Various forms of the future tenses:

1 The future progressive tense:

1.1 The form:

1.2 The usage: - To denote timetables/ intentions/ plans/… using “at”

e.g: She will be watching T.V at 8.00 tonight./ We will be staying at REX hotel at 5.00 next Sunday’s morning.

- To show the future happening actions with “when” Eg She will be sitting at the gate when we come tomorrow.

2 The future perfect tense:

2.1 The form:

2.2 The usage: - To denote planned actions with “by”, “by the time”, “by then”

e.g: She will have finished the course by the next Friday/ by then.

- To show a future schedule-finished action e.g: The bridge will have been used by the next Autumn.

3 Other forms:

a The simple present tense: To denote a timetable, or a plan…

e.g: A: When does he leave? B: He leaves tonight

b The present progressive: To denote an intention.

e.g: A: When are you leaving? B: I am leaving this afternoon.

c The “be + going to inf” form: To denote an intention or a near future action, an arrangement.

e.g: She is going to celebrate her 34th birthday They are going to get married.

C THE SEQUENCES OF TENSES Main clause Subordinate clause

Simple present tense

- simple present tense./ - present perfect tense

- present progressive tense./ - simple future tense

- “be going to V” form./ - simple past tense (certain point of past time)

Simple past tense

- simple past tense./ - past progressive tense

- past perfect tense./ - “would + V” form

- “be going to + V” past form./ - simple present tense (showing the truth)

Present perfect tense Simple present tense

Past perfect tense Simple past tense

D ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Main clause Adverbial clauses (of time)

Present tenses Present tenses When/ whenever/ as/ while/ before/ after/ as soon as/…

Past tenses Past tenses When/ while/ as/ till/ until/ just as/ since/…

Future tenses Present tenses No sooner than/ hardly…when/ as long as/…

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1 It’s the pronunciation that causes me a lot of

A difficult B difficulty C difficully D difficulties

2 If you place a bowl of water in the sun, it will

A evaporate B evaporated C evaporator D evaporation

3 350 million people speak English as their first language

A approximaty B approximately C approximation D approximate

4 “Gone with the wind” was by Mrs Margaret Mitchell

5 World population will continue to rise if we do not try it

A to increase B lower C to reduce D reducing

6 I did all the work my own

7 Every Sunday my father spends three hours English

A practice B to practice C practiced D practicing

8 I have learned English for 3 years, and I am good English now

9 Hoa’s brother enjoys to ghost stories at night

A telling and listening B tell and listen C listen D to tell

10 Mr Minh has known me he left Ha Noi national university

11 How is that hotel?

12 How much does this hat ?

13 The exhibition place once a year

14 Sundays, I often go fishing with my father

15 It is to drive without a driving license in Viet Nam

16 Would you like him ?

17 My mother can play a lot of instruments

18 The girl spoke with a accent

19 What’s the of Viet Nam?

20 The bus takes than the train

21 His father works much than he does

22 May I your book?

23 Ha Long is one of the most famous tourist in Viet Nam

A attractions B attract C attracted D attracting

24 people are not always happy

25 My bike _ last week

A were stolen B was stolen C are stolen D is stolen

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26 He says he’s been to restaurant in Viet Tri town

27 The ability to work well for long hours is his

28 It is the English pronunciation that a lot of difficulties to Vietnamese pupils

29 I had no difficulty to your English

A listen B to listen C to listening D listening

30 I her as soon as she entered the room

A recognized B had recognized C could recognized D did recognized

31 You should to your uncle fore being rude to him

32 The rocket went into round the moon

33 She took of the fine weather to do a day’s work in her garden

34 Long speeches are really

35 You shouldn’t him all the time

36 We won’t have to import electricity if the solar energy is used

A large B widely C widen D width

37 Mark Twain is the name of Samuel Longhorn Clemens

A pen B new C career D writer

38 His friend him a lot in his career Without their suP.Port, he would not have been successful

A told B encourage C taught D complained

39 He often tells me something about his village he was born and grew up

A which B who C where D that

40 This is the man who me English

A teach B teaches C are teaching D were teaching

41 He in love with her picture even before he met her

A falls B has fallen C fell D had fallen

42 Hanoi is the city in he was born

A where B which C that D who

43 This house is an old one was built long time ago

A which B where C who D whose

44 Mark Twain’s last book was written in 1909, one year before his

A died B dead C death D dying

45 His wife had great influence his books

A in B at C for D on

46 James Watt was the of the steam engine

A writer B inventor C engineer D worker

47 I live in a house has four rooms

A which B where C in which D it

48 we can find new sources of energy, our life will come to an end

A unless B when C if D B or C

49 The two books provide us an excellent picture of his era

A about B with C for D to

50 Shakespeare Hamlet in 1600 and 1601

A writes B has written C wrote D had written

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TIẾT 25 + 26 PHẦN VI - ASPECTS OF SPEECH

1 Kinds (Classification):

1.1 Pronunciation: using stresses and intonation e.g Are you free? Really?

1.2 Written forms (transformation): e.g She could hardly understand ~Hardly could she understand.

2 Styles:

2.1 Verbs: do/ does/ did + bare infinitives

e.g He visited us yesterday ~ He did visit us yesterday.

Hoa loves romantic films ~ Hoa does love romantic films.

2.2 Adjectives: It is/was + adjs + to infinitives

e.g + Knowing your limitation is important ~ It’s important to know…

+ He found that learning English was difficult ~ He found that it was

2.3 Reflexive pronouns: myself/ yourself/ himself/ herself/ itself/ ourselves/ …

e.g She did it ~ She herself did it He thought that ~ He himself thought that.

2.4 Emphasis case: It is/ was …that …(cleft sentences)

e.g I hated him ~ It was him who I hated.

I need a replacement not others ~ It is a replacement, not others that I need.

2.5 Inversion case: here/ restricted adverbs

e.g He could never find out the truth ~ Never could he find out the truth.

We seldom eat snails ~ Seldom do we eat snails.

1 Single verbs agreements:

1.1 each/ every/ either/ neither + N(s)/ of N(s) + singular V

e.g Each person has his own thought Neither of my children gets up late.

1.2 each/ every + N(s)/ each/ every + N + singular V

e.g Each day and each night passes without me missing her./ Each of the boys has his own books of photos 1.3 every/ some/ no + singular V(s) e.g Someone was sitting outside No-one knows him.

1.4 plural forms but singular verbs: news/ physics/ economics/ politics/ linguistics/ genetics/

athletes/ mumps/ the United States/ the PhiliP.Pines/ Wales/…

e.g The United States was shock by the bombing on September 11 th

The Philippines is a developing.

1.5 uncountable nouns: furniture/ water/ traffic/ progress/ homework/ knowledge/…

e.g Water is composed by Oxygen and Hydrogen At this time of day, traffic is very heavy.

1.6 distance/ time/ money:

e.g Five miles is a relatively far distance Fifty billion dongs is a big sum of money.

1.7 titles of books/ articles/ stories: e.g “Tom and Jerry” is well-known all over the world.

“The seven dragon pearls” is a picture book.

1.8 subjective clauses: e.g All that he needed was a full apology What I really like is an ice cream.

2 Plural verbs agreements:

2.1 combination “and”: e.g Tom and his friends were walking to school.

2.2 “the + adj(s)” form: e.g The English are cool The rich are not always happy.

2.3 collective nouns: e.g Cattle are driven to the field.

2.4 some/ a few/ a lot of/ both/… e.g Some boys are resigned.

3 Various agreements:

3.1 Either or

Neither + N1 nor + N2 + V

Not only but also (but ….as well )

e.g Either Tom or his friends are coming Neither the Prime Minister nor his ministers have been injured

3.2 The number of + N(s) + singular V

A number of + N(s) + plural V

e.g The number of attendants is poor A number of visitors are killed.

3.3 Pronoun1/ N1 + pre + pronoun2/ N2 + singular V

e.g A pair of shoes is cheaper than a table Two pairs of shoes is much more expensive than a table.

3.4 All/ some/ plenty / a lot singular N(s) + singular V

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Half/ most/ the rest/ lots + of + plural N(s) + plural V

e.g A lot of money is lost All of them have been arrested.

1 Formation: V-ING

2 Functions:

2.1 Subject (S): Fishing is his hobby./ Getting into the city centre at this time of day isn’t easy.

2.2 Complement (C): (of to be) Her passion is studying.

What we really want is escaping from this terrible place.

2.3 Compound nouns:

2.3.1 Gerund-noun: fishing-rod cooking-apple driving license

wrapping paper writing paper cooking oil

2.3.2 Non-gerund: fruit-picking sky-diving bush walking time- counting

2.4 Object (O):

2.4.1 Direct objects: Follow these certain verbs

2.4.2 Verb preposition:

look forward to….

2.4.3 Adjective preposition:

2.4.4 Idiom phrases: (phrases of words that have literal meanings)

2.4.5 Adjectives:

2.4.6 Noun preposition:

2.4.7 Complement of objects: Follow these below verbs

2.5 Subjunctive subject “it” or noun phrases;

- Find/ found + it + V-ING: He found the film annoying.

- When/ on /while / as + V-ING: When opening the case, he found his lost notebook.

While checking the case, we found banned drugs

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TIẾT 27 + 28 PHẦN VI - ASPECTS OF SPEECH

Full infinitive: With “to’ e.g He go to Paris to learn French.

Bare infinitive: Without “to’ e.g My parent didn’t let me do what I really liked

Perfect infinitive: Form “have past participles” e.g He was believed to have escaped from the prison.

2 Positions:

2.1 Follow the verbs below:

try want wish…

2.2 Follow the idiomatic phrases: make up one’s mind/ take care/ take the trouble/ make sure/…

e.g They couldn’t make up their mind to go or not.

2.3 Follow the adjectives below:

2.4 Follow WH-words: what/ who/ whom/ which/ when/ where/ how

e.g She didn’t know what to do next We didn’t decided where to go.

2.5 Follow nouns pronouns of the verbs below:

e

2.6 To be demonstration, purposes, results: enough / save money/…

e.g The house, to be demolished, is very old She has nothing to eat.

We haven’t got enough to have one each They saved money to go abroad

2.7 To form absolute phrases: To tell the truth; To cut a long short story;…

e.g To tell the truth, she was a real liar.

2.8 To form exclamation: e.g To think she met with such a death! Oh! To be young again!

1 Either infinitives or gerunds:

1.1 stop: a stop + to infinitives (= stop this work to start the other work)

e.g He stops to smoke (He stops his work and starts smoking)

b stop + gerunds (= to give up a habit ) e.g He stops smoking (He no longer smokes)

1.2 try: a try + to infinitives (= manage successfully to do)

e.g He tried to lift the case (He managed to lift the case and succeeded)

b try + gerunds (= to experience)

e.g He tried lifting the case (He wanted to know whether he could lift it)

1.3 remember:

a remember + to infinitives (= to make oneself aware of a task)

e.g He remembered to lock the door (He had to lock the door)

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b remember + gerunds (= to assure oneself a fulfilled task)

e.g He remembered locking the door (He was sure that he had locked the door)

1.4 forget:

a forget + to infinitives (= to miss a task) e.g Sam forgot to buy food (Sam didn’t buy food)

b forget + gerunds (= the fulfilled task is forgotten)

e.g Sam forgot buying food (He bought food but he didn’t remember)

1.5 regret:

a regret + to infinitives (not want to do this task)

e.g Kim regretted to say the truth (He didn’t want to say the truth but he had to)

b regret + gerunds ( the task is done unexpectedly)

e.g Kim regretted saying the truth.(He said and he regretted what he’d done)

2 Would:

a conditional sentences:

e.g If I were you, I would agree to come He would have passed if he had known the rules well.

b past habits: e.g I would sing romantic songs when I was young She would cry when she was too sad.

3 Used to: past habit not happen at present e.g She used to walk to school.

4 Be (get) used to:

a get used to (= be acquainted with) e.g She has got used to walking to office

b be used to (be familiar to) e.g He was used to walking to office.

5 Would rather V1 than V2:

5.1 would rather (not) + V: e.g She’d rather go to the meeting We would rather not mention that case.

5.2 would rather + O (not) + p V:

e.g I’d rather him brought there some cakes She would rather her husband not joined the army.

6 Prefer gerunds/Ns to gerunds/Ns:

6.1 prefer + gerunds = like + gerunds/ infinitives:e.g She preferred walking to driving She liked walking/ to walk 6.2 would prefer + infinitives = would like + infinitives: e.g She’d prefer to walk She would like to walk.

7 Could/ may/ might: possibility/ maybe = perhaps

7.1 in conditional sentences: e.g If it rains, we may cancel the trip

We might go to the park if it were Sunday today.

7.2 uncertain speculation: e.g It could/ may/ might rain tomorrow It will possibly rain tomorrow.

7.3 perhaps/ maybe: e.g Perhaps he won’t come Maybe it will rain tomorrow.

8 Should:

8.1 command; request; obligation: e.g You should study harder / She should bring along an umbrella.

8.2 an expectation/ a wish: e.g My letter should arrive next week.

9 Speculations/ deduction:

9.1 could/ may/ might + have + P.P: Past possibility e.g It may have rained last night./ He might have gone.

9.2 should have + P.P: Past unfulfilled actions e.g He should have done his homework

9.3 must have + P.P: Logical thought about past events e.g (She passed the exam) She must have studied hard.

TIẾT 29 + 30 PRACTICE EXERCISE 8 – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH 8

1 Columbus America in 1492

A invented B found C discovered D saw

2 A driver is a person who

A drives a car B sells cars C has a car D makes cars

3 A singer is a person who

A composes music B writes songs C sings well D drives well

4 Most of the in my school are under 30 years old

A teachers B workers C artists D farmers

5 Darwin, was an English physiologist, was born in 1809 and died in 1882

A which B that C who D where

6 Is there anything I can do for you ?

A where B that C who D which

7 Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn Twain’s best works

A consider B considered C is considered D are considered

8 He is working a taxi-driver

A at B as C to D in

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9 A person who spends his/her whole life writing books is a

A writer B teacher C singer D worker

10 G Washington, was the first president of the USA, was born in 1732 and died in 1799

A that B who C where D which

11 He dropped the vase and it broke pieces

A into B down C off D in

12 When we travel in the streets, pay attention to traffic

A sighs B sights C scenes D signs

13 I am on a diet I want to

A over weighted B lose weight C gain weight D get fatter

14 Faraday is the great of all time

A scientific B scientism C scientist D science

15 Mathematics an important part in our lives

A lets B plays C applies D lays

16 The driver stopped a coffee because he felt sleepy

A have B to have C having D had

17 Have you ever considered a pharmacist ?

A to become B become C became D becoming

18 I would rather at home than out with him

A stay/ go B staying/going C stayed/went D to stay/to go

19 She suggested a break for a while

A took B take C taking D taken

20 It is likely that everybody at the age of 45

A retires B retired C are retiring D will retire

21 the water clock, Newton also made a sundial

22 M Curie, _ discovered radium, was a famous French physicist

23 Newton’s first physical experiment was _ out in 1658

24 Jane Eyre, which by Charlotte Bronte, is one of my favorite novels

25 the _ of the steam engine made J Watt famous throughout the world

26 M Faraday didn’t have much when he was young

27 A person who studies biology is a

A scientist B physicist C biologist D mathematician

28 Einstein, _ study of the theory of relativity made him famous, was a German physicist

29 Most of the experiments are carried out in

A schools B libraries C factories D laboratories

30 He was very good _ mathematics when he was at school

31 The steam engine was _ by J Watt

32 When he grew older, he became _ in mathematics and physics

A interested B interest C interesting D interests

33 That’s the house uncle Ho was born

34 Darwin was the father of the theory of _

A relativity B gravitation C evolution D electricity

35 When , Newton was more of a mechanic than a scholar

A he was young B was young C be young D he is young

36 He was not interested in physics _ he grew older

37 He died the age of 85

38 Faraday’s father worked very _, but he could feed the family

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