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The name Big Ben is used to describe the clock tower that is part of the Palace of Westminster.. • Big Ben is situated on the banks of the River Thames on the north side of the Hous

TOP TEN attractions of London

Big Ben

Saint Stephen's Tower

What is Big Ben?

• Big Ben is one of the most famous

landmarks in the world It is the

clock tower The name Big Ben is

used to describe the clock tower

that is part of the Palace of

Westminster.

• Big Ben is situated on the banks of

the River Thames on the north side

of the Houses of Parliament in

Westminster, London.

• Even after the nearby House of Commons was destroyed by bombing during World War II, the

clock kept on chiming The clock's mechanism,

designed by Edmund Beckett Denison, has a

remarkable accuracy.

• At the base of each clock face is a Latin

inscription, in gilt letters It reads

“Domine salvam fac Reginam nostrum Victoriam Primam”

"O Lord, keep safe our Queen Victoria the First"

How heavy is Big Ben bell?

• The Big Ben bell has the following

measurements: 9'-0" diameter, 7'-6" high, and

weighs 13 tons 10 cwts 3 qtrs 15lbs (13,760 Kg)

When can we hear the bell ring?

• Big Ben chimes every 15 minutes and the

sound can be heard for a radius of up to 5

miles.

Tower Bridge

•Where does the Tower Bridge stand ? Tower Bridge has stood over

the River Thames in London since 1894 and

is one of the finest, most recognisable bridges in the World.

•Why is the Tower Bridge special?

Tower Bridge is the only Thames bridge which can be raised.

The middle section can be raised to

permit large vessels to pass the

Tower Bridge Engines raise the

bridge sections, which weigh about

1000 tons each, in just over a

minute It used to be raised about 50

times a day, but nowadays it is only

raised 4 to 5 times a week.

Bridge History

Plans for the Tower Bridge were devised around 1876 when the

east of London became

extremely crowded and a bridge

across the Thames in that area of the city seemed necessary

Five contractors and nearly 450 workers were involved in the

construction of the 265 meter

long bridge It took 11,000 tons

of steel to build the framework

London Eye

Millennium wheel

A modern but already very popular tourist attraction, a giant observation wheel located in the Jubilee Gardens on the South Bank, between Westminster and Hungerford Bridges.

The wheel was constructed in sections which were

floated up the river Thames on barges and assembled

lying flat on pontoons.

Quick facts about London Eye:

• The total weight of steel in the Eye is 1,700 tonnes.

• The London Eye can carry 800 passengers at a time on

a thirty-minute ride From its highest point of 450 feet,

it promises views of up to 25 miles.

• The London Eye stands 135 metres (443 feet) high.

The observation wheel turns slow

enough for people to embark

while it is moving A complete turn

takes about thirty minutes

Thanks to the construction of the

glass capsules on the outer side of

the rim, the passengers have a

great 360 degree view over

London

(The London Eye as seen from Westminster Bridge with the London Aquarium and County Hall to the right)

capsules

Houses of Parliament

Palace of Westminster

The Houses of Parliament, also known as the Palace of Westminster, is the seat of the two parliamentary

houses of the United Kingdom: the House of Lords and

the House of Commons.

From the middle of the 11th century until 1512 the Palace of Westminster was the royal home to the Kings and Queens of England.

(View from the London Eye )

The Palace of Westminster features THREE main towers

• Big Ben

The most famous part of Charles Barry's design is the

elegant clock tower A light at the top of the tower is

illuminated when Parliament is sitting at night.

• Victoria Tower

- Opposite the Big Ben ,built in 1860.

- The tower contains the records of both

the House of Lords and the House of Commons since

1497.

- During the parliamentary year the Union Flag is

hoisted on top of the 98 meter-tall tower

• Westminster Hall

-The oldest hall of the Houses of Parliament , dating back

to 1097.

-The large hammer beam roof was built in the fourteenth

century and replaced the original roof which was supported

by two rows of pillars.

-The hall is one of Europe's largest unsupported medieval halls.

Piccadilly Circus

• A busy square in the heart of London

• It is famous for the fountain installed here at

the end of the nineteenth century and for the

neon advertising that turned the square into

a miniature version of Times Square.

•The Circus lies at the intersection of five main

roads: Regent Street, Shaftesbury Avenue,

Piccadilly Street, Covent Street and

Haymarket.

• There is seminude

statue on top of the

fountain depicts named Eros ,god of love and beauty

• The statue is made

of aluminum.

• London's first illuminated billboards were installed here in

1895

(billboards at the Circus)

The creation of

Shaftesbury Avenue in

1885 turned the plaza

into a busy traffic

junction This made

Piccadilly Circus attractive

for advertisers.

(The Circus at night)

What is the Tower of London?

For over 900 years, the Tower of London has been standing guard over the capital The Tower of London was originally built by William the Conqueror, following his successful

invasion of England in 1066.

London has played different roles in British History: a Royal Palace, fortress, prison,

place of execution, arsenal, Royal Mint, Royal Zoo and Jewel house.

Today the Tower of London is best known for its Crown Jewels (the collection of

Crown Jewels that has been on display here since the seventeenth century, during the reign of Charles II, now is museum), but it used to be notorious for the many political opponents of the kings that were locked, tortured and killed in the Tower The Tower was also a royal

residence

In the centre of the Tower of London is the famous White Tower.

It is the tallest building in London at 27.4 meters (90ft) Its walls are 4.6 meter wide.

The building has four domed turrets at each corner Three of them have a square shape, the

other is round, due to its spiral staircase The round turret was long used as an observatory.

Other Towers

• When two defensive walls were built around the White Tower The inner

wall had thirteen towers and the outer wall had another six The towers

were mostly used to imprison political opponents

• Some of the most famous prisoners locked in the Tower were two princes,

the sons of king Edward IV The princes were never seen again and were

probably killed by guards.

The St Thomas Tower is located close to the Bloody Tower Here, prisoners were brought into the fortress by boat through the Traitor's gate

(Bloody Tower) (St Thomas Tower)

Yeoman Warders (Beefeaters)

Dressed in historic clothes, they not only guard the tower, but also give guided tours of the fortress One

of the about forty Yeoman Warders is known as the Ravenmaster, responsible for the ravens that have

been living here for centuries

Legend has it that the Tower and the kingdom will fall if the ravens leave Hence King Charles II placed the birds under royal protection and the wings of the ravens are clipped to prevent them from flying away.

Buckingham Palace

• Buckingham Palace was originally a grand house built by the Dukes of Buckingham for his wife George IV began transforming

it into a palace in 1826.

• It is the Queen's official and main royal London home It has been the official London residence of Britain's monarchy since

1837 Queen Victoria was the first monarch to live there.

• It is used also for the administrative work for the monarchy

• The Palace has around 600 rooms, including 19 State rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms, 78 bathrooms, 92 offices, a

cinema and a swimming pool It also has its own post office and police station.

• About 400 people work at the Palace, including domestic servants, chefs, footmen, cleaners, plumbers, gardeners, chauffeurs, electricians, and two people who look after the 300 clocks.

(One of the two traffic gates)

Who guards the palace? What do they wear?

Five regiments of Foot Guards guard the Palace They wear red jackets and tall, furry hats called bearskins.

A familiar sight at Buckingham Palace is the Changing of the Guard ceremony that takes

place at 11 o’clock in the forecourt each morning

Queen Victoria Memorial

Right in front of the

building is the Queen

Victoria Memorial,

designed by Sir Aston

Webb and built in

1911 in honor of

Queen Victoria, who

reigned for almost

sixty-four

years.

Trafalgar Square

• The Square is named in honour of the British victory,

led by Admiral Lord Nelson, at the Battle of Trafalgar

in 1805.

• Trafalgar Square was designed by Sir Charles Barry.

(he was also responsible for the Houses of Parliament)

It was constructed in the 1840s.

• The column was built between 1841 and 1843 On top of the column stands a five and a halve

(18ft) tall statue of Lord Nelson At the base of the column are four huge lions modeled They

were added later, in 1868.

the equestrian statue of George V, in the north-east

a statue of Charles Napier, a military leader, in the south-west corner.

On the western side, the statue of Henry Havelock, another military leader.

statue of King Charles

I, in the middle of a small traffic circle just south of Nelson's Column

(the oldest equestrian statue in London)

• On the north side of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery.

• At the north-east corner of Trafalgar Square

is the St Martin-in-the-Fields parish church.

It is one of the most famous churches in

London

(home of an impressive collection of paintings-works from some of the world's most famous painters, including Rubens, Vermeer, van Gogh, Titian, Leonardo da Vinci, Renoir and Claude Monet.)

St Paul's Cathedral

Facts about St Paul’s Cathedral

• Located within the City of London on Ludgate Hill, the City’s

highest point.

• Was built between 1675 and 1711 by Sir Christopher Wren.

• St Paul's Cathedral seen today is the fourth It was destroyed

3times.

• The cathedral’s crypt is the largest in Western Europe and

extends the entire length of the building There are over 200 monuments and memorials in the crypt.

• The dome of St Paul's Cathedral is the second biggest dome in

the world, after St Peter's in Rome.

• The dome reaches a height of

111 meters (366 ft) On top of the dome is a large lantern with a weight of 850 ton

• Requires 560 steps to lead to

three galleries of the dome

The first gallery, the

Whispering Gallery, is

renowned for its acoustics The

second gallery, the Stone

Gallery, is situated at a height

of 53 meters (174 ft) on the outside of the dome On top of the dome, at a height of 85

meters (279 ft), is the Golden

Gallery, which encircles the

lantern's base

Cathedral Dome

Westminster Abbey

(The Collegiate Church of St Peter)

RELIGION and

HERITAGE

IN BRITAIN

• Just to the west of the Palace of

Westminster It is one of the oldest

buildings in London and one of the

most important religious centres in

the country

• The Abbey was built by Edward the

Confessor

• Every King and Queen has been

crowned in Westminster Abbey since

William the Conqueror in 1066

• Many kings and Queens and famous

people are buried or commemorated

at Westminster Abbey (Charles

Dickens, Charles Darwin, David

Livingstone, Sir Isaac Newton,

William Pitt, )

Stone carvings above the west door

The key religious movements and changes in Britain.

The roles of Church of England play.

Famous hictorical and religious heritage sites in Britain.

THE KEY RRLIGOIUS

MOVEMENTS AND CHANGES

IN BRITAIN

Immigration and demographic change has led to religious diversity Some religious groups have higher birth rates

than others And increasing life expectancy means that

older generations, who are more religious, are practising religion for longer – while their children are less likely to

practise ‘Mixed’ marriages are also more common

People are more likely to say that they aren’t particularly religious – ‘just spiritual generally’ – and if they do practise,

it is less likely to involve going to church

People are also increasingly see truths in many belief

systems and to sample them accordingly

And a rising number of people neither believe, practise,

nor belong to any religion.

There has also been change within faith traditions

themselves New forms of Christianity are more common, such as Pentecostalism, and the ‘New Church’ movement With ‘Reverse Mission’, religious ministers increasingly

come to Britain from other countries

Islam in Britain is experiencing a great deal of change and vitality as the children of South Asian immigrants have

grown up, often choosing to define themselves in terms of religious identity rather than ethnicity About half of British Muslims are aged under 25

In addition, New Religious Movements appear to have

grown in number Reliable data on these changes can help

us understand and explain what such changes mean, why they have occurred, and how extensively

MOVEMENTS

The Church of England is the officially

established Christian church in England and the mother church of the worldwide Anglican Communion The church considers itself within the tradition of Western Christianity and dates its formal establishment

principally to the mission to England by Saint Augustine of

Catholic and Reformed:

the universal church of Jesus Christ in unbroken continuity with the early

apostolic church This is expressed in its emphasis on the teachings of the early Church Fathers, as formalised in the Apostles', Nicene, and Athanasian creeds

some of the doctrinal principles of the 16th century Protestant Reformation, in particular in the Thirty-Nine Articles and the Book of Common Prayer

Church of England

Independence 1534 (from the Roman

Supreme Governor Queen Elizabeth II

Primate Justin Welby , Archbishop of

Canterbury

Polity Episcopal

Headquarters Church House

Great Smith Street London SW1P 3AZ England, United Kingdom

Territory England

Gibraltar · Continental Europe

Language English

Members 27 million baptised

members(2010) [1][2]

Website www.churchofengland.org

Church Urban Fund

The Church of England set up the Church Urban Fund in the 1980s to tackle poverty and deprivation They see poverty as trapping

individuals and communities with some people in urgent need This leads to dependency, homelessness, hunger, isolation, low

income, mental health problems, social exclusion, and violence They feel poverty reduces confidence, reduces life expectancy people born

in poor conditions have difficulty escaping

Logo of Church Urban Fund

Child poverty

In parts of Liverpool, Manchester and Newcastle two thirds of babies are born to poverty and have poorer life chances, also life expectancy 15 years lower than babies born in most fortunate communities South Shore, Blackpool has lowest life expectancy at 66 years for men

The deep-rooted unfairness in our society is highlighted by these stark statistics

Children being born in this country, just a few miles apart, couldn't witness a more wildly differing start to life In child poverty terms, we live in one of the most unequal countries

in the western world We want people to understand where their own community sits alongside neighbouring communities The disparity is often shocking but it's crucial that, through greater awareness, people from all backgrounds come together to think about what could be done to support those born into poverty