tổ chức lãnh thổ kinh tế tỉnh nghệ an bản tóm tắt tiếng anh

So far, Nghe An investigation conductedresearch and the overall planning of the socio-economic development in the industryand in space, several major forms TOE have formed and developed

1 The Necessity of the subject

Territorial organization of economy (TOE) is the arrangement of the components

in relation to multi-disciplinary, multi-territory in a region to achieve the highestefficiency in terms of economic, social, environment and sustainable development onthe basis of reasonable use of resources So far, Nghe An investigation conductedresearch and the overall planning of the socio-economic development in the industryand in space, several major forms TOE have formed and developed as farms,specialized regions cultivation; IPs, industrial centers; Point, area, urban, tourist routes;economic zone, the economic center However, TOE of the province is not reallyreasonable, forms TOE not its full effect results according to the strength of theterritory for the overall economic development This is one of the main reasons explainwhy socio-economic development of Nghe An province is at a low level

Standpoint of geography to study systematically the "Organization of Nghe Aneconomic territory" in order to evaluate objectively resources, state TOE, as a basis

to more reasonable TOE, help maximize the available resources, to promote theeconomic development of the province towards industrialization - modernization(industrialization and modernization), catch up with the development of the country,soon became a province development is quite significant and urgent task both interms of theory and practice

2 Purposes, tasks of the research

2.1 Research purposes: Applying a theoretical basis and practical of the world TOE,

in Vietnam and the North central province of Nghe An to clarify the factors thatinfluence and carried state sector TOE, according to space, from that offer reasonablesolutions to TOE, effective and sustainable in the future

2.2 Tasks:

- Overview of selected theoretical basis and practical on TOE; selection criteriaassess the situation TOE for provincial level;

- Evaluation of the factors affecting to Nghe An TOE;

- Analysis real sector TOE and in the space of Nghe An province in the period 2001 –2010;

- To propose some solutions in order to develop and perfect the Nghe An TOE form

a reasonable and effective

3 Limit the scope of research

- Content: The thesis research focused forms TOE Nghe An province by sector(tourist, tourism, urban tourism, tourist routes (TOT), industrial (TOI), farm (TOA)and spatial (economic zone (EZ), and economic center of the economic sub-region)

- Space: research the entire territory of Nghe An province with 17 districts, 2 towns andone city, including attention compared to the north central and the country

- About time: the subject focusing on the period 2001 to 2010 and vision to 2020

4 Historical of research topics

4.1 Abroad

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the world had the works that laterbecame the theoretical basis for the research and development organization of theterritorial social production, as: Theory "Development of the the agricultural belt "theory

of V.Thunen" zone industrial Comment "of A.Weber, theoretical" center point "ofW.Christaller Until the twentieth century, research on production background TOEconducted deeper, typically theory: "Growth Pole" Francoi Perroux with the interpretation

of territorial economic development in the direction of investment key

In 1947, Russian scientist N.N Koloxopski came up with the theory of territorialdevelopment of integrated production, in which he proposed several theoretical issuesand practical solutions TOE for the resource-rich territories In England, in the typicalwork Peter Haggett and colleagues as: "Spatial analysis in economic geography" (1965),

"The geographic model" (1967) and "The Geography: a modern synthesis "(1975), TOEresearch oriented modeling, the application of quantitative methods

In general, these studies have focused TOE rules at all levels, interested in thetrue nature of the arrangement of the population in relation to economic development

to create a network of dark advantages of it Although still limited, but this work hasbasically given the direction of research on the structure and relationships todetermine the objective laws of the distribution Accordingly, the economicgeography described structure is replaced by Geography (Modern EconomicGeography), marking a new stage of development of Geography [29]

At the end of the twentieth century, research TOE focused on positioning theregion Represents the direction of this study is Paul Krugman, an Americaneconomist [108] World Development Report 2009 [35] also showed the importanceand current trends TOE is the accumulation - are concentrated in the cities with themigration and specialization [35]

4.2 In Vietnam

Starting from the 60 years of the twentieth century, Vietnam has carried outresearch on the distribution and TOE, such research building IP Viet Tri, ThaiNguyen Iron and Steel, Bien Hoa, wheat Delta Regional Planning Red River, dairyregions Ba Vi [24]

In the 70, research TOE continue to be deployed which crystallized Master Plandevelopment and distribution of productive forces Vietnam era from 1986 to 2000with the help of the Soviet Union

Since the Sixth National Party Congress (1986), research on TOE conductedwidely and attracted the participation of a large number of scientists In particular,typical GS Le Ba Thao with the topics and key independent state he headed for:

"Scientific Basis of TOE Vietnam" [54] Specifically, the authors discuss aspectsaffecting the distribution and the spatial relationship between economic sectors,given the the Vietnamese TOE orientation diagram on the basis of ensuring thesustainability of the environment cases, the gap between different regions

In his "socio-territorial organization: some theoretical issues and applications"[98] and the book "On economic development (research path to wealth)" [97], theeffects authors introduced a general way the basic problems of socio-economicorganization of space Of these, the most important content is identified, the formTOE, offer solutions to ensure spatial plan for the implementation and analysis of therelationship between spatial organization economiy - Social issues such as: territorialdevelopment structure, eliminate the poor, backward, industrialization and

modernization of the country, protect the environment and promote participation inthe international division of labor.

Theoretical basis and practical on TOE general and Vietnam in particular havealso been a number of scientists Hanoi Pedagogical University presented in thecurriculum as the general socio-economic geography [73], socio-economicgeography of Vietnam [58.60]

Many scientific research about TOE also performed at the regional scale, provincial, determine the economic center pole of economic development and theaxis lines, such as scientific research base for TCLT and propose solutions to socialand economic development northwest under the influence of Son La hydropower [1],key TOE central Vietnam [28], TOE Research mountainous northern border servicesocio-economic development period of industrialization and modernization by 2020(for example, Lao Cai Province) [29], TOAreas of the southern key economic [37],TOE RRD and key lines …

inter-Some doctoral thesis defended also mention TOE both theoretical and practicalstudy in depth each industry sector as TO cassava production and processing in thesoutheastern provinces [51] , TOI [40], TOT [33.57] and TOE on provincial areas as

"TOE towards sustainable development in Vinh Phuc province" [47], "Binh Dinh TOE"[14]

4.3 In Nghe An province

Master plan for socio-economic development of Nghe An province by 2020 [80]outlined the framework of territorial economic development for the whole province,including industrial parks, farms, resorts, urban, sub-regional economy etc.; scheme

"socio-economic development of the Western Nghe An Province in 2010" [88] and thesynthesis report of Nghe An ocean strategy [87] studied the spatial TCLT with tworegions western and coastal areas; development planning EZ Southeast [84] key territorialdevelopment in the coastal area of the province; master plan for socio-economicdevelopment Vinh City 2020 outlines plans economic development plan for the center ofthe province; works rest study TOE in the sectors: industry, agriculture, tourism

Research on Technology Security in view of Geography has a doctoral thesis, istypical: Evaluation hilly land Nghe An and proposed land use models for forestry andagriculture (10 districts mountainous areas) [30], the study on the basis of scientificconstruction of tourist destinations in Nghe An province [15], territorial organizationNghe An industry [95], the territorial organization of agriculture in Nghe An province.Based on the results of the research of the world TOE and in Vietnam as well as

in Nghe An province, topics based legacy systems theory and practice about TOE.Since then, manipulate, add, update problems unclear about TOE, as a basis for thestudy, a comprehensive assessment system about TOE on Nghe An province

5 Perspectives and research methods: Threads used as research perspectives:

general territory; system structure; sustainable development; historical perspectiveand the major research methods: collecting, processing and synthesis financialstatistics; comparison; Field surveys; experts; maps, GIS and forecasts

6 The contributions of the thesis:

- Inherit supplement and clarify the rationale and practical on TOE to use inprovincial areas, selection criteria evaluation the provincial TOE situation by sectorand space;

- Clarify the strengths and limitations of the factors affecting to Nghe An TOE;Analyze, evaluate some form TOE province of Nghe An, which use indicator system

to clarify the status of some form of perspective sectors (urban tourism) and space(EZ, economic center, economic sub-regions) in the period 2001 - 2010;

- Propose solutions TOE Nghe An province to 2020, includes general systemsolutions and specific solutions for each form TOE

7 The structure of the thesis:

In addition to the introduction, conclusion and appendices, the content of thethesis consists of 157 pages, is divided into three chapters:

- Chapter 1: Rationale and practical obout TOE;

- Chapter 2: Influence factors and status about TOE in Nghe An province, 2001 –2010;

- Chapter 3: Orientation and solutions for TOE Nghe An province to 2020

Chapter 1 RATIONNALE AND PRACTICE OBOUT TOE (including 42 pages) 1.1 Rationale

1.1.1 The relevant theory

1.1.1.1 Social division of labor

1.1.1.2 Some theories of TOE: The theory of public opinion now; Theory "central

point"; positive development theory; non-balanced development theory…

1.1.2 Concept, content, principles and objects of TOE

1.1.2.1 The concept

Economic organization of space is the "sort" and "coordinate" (has been and is

expected to be) in the context to the multi-sector, multi-region to use a reasonablepotential However, labor, economic geography, political and technical facilities havebeen and will be built to achieve the highest efficiency in terms of: economic, social,environment and sustainable development of a territory [73.97]

1.1.2.2 The content of TOE

First, forecasts of development (goal, the development direction of the point

system for the industry, the field of research on the territory - that is what willproduce, how much scale, the how structure)

Second, the feasibility of the proposed territory (where the expecteddistribution for the most effective) - ie selecting form TOE for the future

1.1.2.3 Principles of TOE

First, TOE to create an order and reasonable having regard to the resource

capabilities and market requirements to ensure the benefit of the community and economic efficiency

socio-Second, to ensure the harmonious development and the interaction betweenindustry, research territory in the territories Also, pay special attention to the required linkbetween the research territory with other territories through the development of accurateforecasting exchange of material flows between the territory in order to bring economicefficiency overall

Third, to ensure conformity with the level of human resources and the level of S –

T to plan TOE built and executed When needed can hire foreign experts in this field toperform the task

Fourth, to construct for the area (urban centers, cities, etc.) to create higher-levelcivilization in TOE

1.1.2.4 Object of TOE: Considering the characteristics and dynamic role, including

the urban space (the center), the periphery (rural or suburban territory), the specialterritories (key economic areas, party sense of growth, EZ, KDL ) At a policyperspective, including: large areas (including several provinces), provincial regions(including some provinces), the inter-district (multi-district) [98] In terms of specificbehaviors, including: factories, engineering works, residential and residential areas,industrial zones, urban areas, the KDL, the plant and raw materials

1.1.3 Factors affecting TOE: TOE influenced by the factors of geographical location,

natural conditions and natural resources (topography, climate, land, water and living organisms,minerals) and socio-economic factors (population, labor force, science and technologyadvances, infrastructure, technical infrastructure, capital investment, economic policyguidelines development, market and inter-regional economic relations, economic activities -political, social, regional and international

1.1.4 Forms TOE

1.1.4.1 The industry form TOE under: Agriculture, forestry and fisheries, including a

number of forms: Households (household), farms, agricultural cooperatives,specialized areas, agricultural areas Industry, including: The industry, the industrial parks,industrial centers, industrial areas Services: For tourism, TCLT expression of relativelyclear forms: point, line, area, center, tourist areas [72]

1.1.4.2 The form spatial TOE, including some typical forms of economic zones,

economic center, key economic regions and economic areas

1.1.5 EVALUATION INDICATORS TOE PROVINCIAL SHIPPING FOR SECURITY TECHNOLOGY

1.1.5.1 According to branch

a Agriculture

Besides farm evaluation criteria identified in the thesis "Nghe An TOA" [53],

to clarify the efficiency of production of the farm business, we add target rate income on the value of production of goods and services of farms The distribution of farms in the territory should also be assessed quotas and structure of agricultural

farms in the sub-region is also the author note

b Industry

We inherit the results of the thesis "territorial organization Nghe An industry"

[95] and add the target production rate value of the total production value of the whole provincial industrial zone in order to clarify contribution of the industrial

zones for industrial production of the province

c Tourism

In this thesis, we choose the form of urban tourism to focus assessment due to its

clear effect in the exploitation and development of the tourism industry in the province

* Group of indicators for assessment of tourism resources and infrastructure

* Tourist Resources

* Groups of indicators assessing the situation: Tourist market: The number,

growth rate, a proportion of the total number of tourists in the province; TerritorialStructure of tourists; residence time; expenditure Technical facilities (quantity andquality) Revenue: quantity and growth rate, structure Labor: number, per capitaincome Average revenue on tourism labor Tourism revenues / total productionvalue of the business and tourist city, the share of tourism GDP in the total GDP ofthe city

1.1.5.2 According space

a Economic Zone

- Indicators of scale and the ability to lease: Natural area of land and may lease

land; land leased; fill rate

- Indicators of investment: capital investment projects, the average investment in the project; Scale investment/business; Investment/leasing land area

- Indicators of jobs and income for workers Indicators of business: production value,

growth rate and structure; revenue and revenue growth; Revenue/labor;Sales/business; turnover ratio on the production value; export value; Share of exportvalue; import-export balance

- Indicators of production and business efficiency: profit and speed increase profits;

rate of return on sales

b Economic Center

- The indicators on the state of the overall economic development (GDP and GDP

contribution of the center in the province's economy; economic growth medium;sectoral economic structure; Total value of production/labor total economic activity

of the heart; GDP/person; spreading, associated)

- The indicators on the state of development ( Industry: production value, the growth

rate of industrial production value, Share of industrial production value, Major industry(qualitative indicators), form TOI in center; Services: value, growth rate of total retailsales of goods and services consumers; Featured services of the center Agriculture:production value, the growth rate of agricultural production value; crops, livestockmainly; Forms TOA)

c Economic sub-regional

- The general criteria (Natural areas; land use structure; population and population

density; Labor: quantity, structure, proportion of trained; production capitalinvestment; infrastructure and urban systems);

- The indicators on the state of economic development (GDP, GDP ratio compared to

the province and the GDP growth rate; sectoral economic structure; Total productionvalue/total employees of sub-regional economic activity; GDP per capita Currentstatus of the development of the industry: the system can use only objectiveassessment of the state of development of the central sector of the economy,including attention to the target of specific products (specialization); TOE in the sub-region; center (nucleus) of the economic sub-region)

1.2 BASIC PRACTICAL

1.2.1 TOE in a number of countries around the world

Subject study TOE of a number of countries around the world such as the ,South Korea, China, a number of Southeast Asian countries and draw some lessonsfor Vietnam.

1.2.2 Some form TOE in Vietnam

1.2.2.1 Some industry form TOE under

a Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

- Farm country nearly 145.9 thousand TT (2010) Nearly 55% of the annual crop

is TT and TT aquaculture Mekong Delta and Red River Delta are two regions withthe largest number of farms in the country

- Growing areas in Vietnam have formed and developed include: rice-growingareas, rubber, coffee, tea, sugar cane, pineapples, cashew, paper materials, or dairy-lying farming seafood,

- Agricultural Region: In Vietnam now has 7 agro-ecological zones Each areahas ecological conditions, socio-economic conditions, the level of intensiveagricultural production structure and various specialized products also vary It is theregion: the northern mountainous midland, Red River Delta, North central Coast,South Central Coast, Central Highlands, Southeast and Mekong Delta

For provincial scope, no agricultural areas where only small agricultural areas.Depending on the natural characteristics of each province may have a few smallagricultural area in accordance with the ecological characteristics In eachagricultural sub-region, the natural conditions, the socio-economic similarities andhas some specialized products specific to the sub-region

b Industry

- Industrial focus: As of 2010, there were 254 industrial zones were established

in 57 provinces, with a total area of 68,800 ha of natural land (land T can lease on45,000 hectares, accounting about 60% of the total natural land area) In it, there are

171 industrial parks in operation with a total natural land area of 43,375 hectares and

83 industrial zones in the stage of compensation, site clearance and construction

- Industrial Centre (handicraft)

Based on the role of of TT T in the territorial division of labor, our country hasthe small industry of national significance (Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi), the craft ofregional significance (Da Nang , Tho ), the local craft meaningful as Viet Tri, BacGiang and Thai Nguyen, Vinh, Nha Trang

Based on the production value of T, the country has great craft (HCM 600 trillion,2010), handicrafts (from 200 to 500 trillion: Bien Hoa, Vung Tau, Thu Dau Mot, Hanoi),handicrafts quite large (50 - 100 trillion: Binh Son Quang Ngai, Quang Ninh and HaiPhong, Bac Ninh, Vinh Phuc Tho, Long An ), the small industry average (from 20 - 50trillion: Ha Long, Da Nang, and Tan An, My Tho, Hung Yen, Hai Duong

c Services

- Tourist Attractions: significant leading national destinations - international,including the world heritage and national monuments special To date, there are 13world heritage site and 23 national monuments special recognition In addition, thereare hundreds of tourist local and regional significance

- Tourist: By 2010, both n ¬ 10 KDL agreements weight of national formation,spread from north to south Projected to 2020 on both the n ¬ convention will have

24 KDL country and 2030 will be 45 KDL

- Tourist Center: Currently, the area of the country has formed four touristcenters of national significance, including: Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hue, Da Nang

In addition, a series of regional significance as the center of Ha Long, Vinh, Dalat,Nha Trang, Vung Tau, Can Tho,

In provincial areas, tourist centers are often expressed in the form of urbantourism That is where the advantage of tourism development and tourism play animportant role in urban operations [30]

Tour also developed very diverse, including national and regional tours international, national and local tours local tourist routes

Tourist Region: According to Vietnam's tourism development strategy to the year

2020, Vision 2030, which was approved by the Prime Minister in November / 2011, ourcountry will have seven tourist regions (boundary coincides with the economic synthesis)

1.2.2.2 The form of spatial TOE

a Economic zone: there are now 18 EZ approved in the development plan of the

country's EZ 2020 with a total area of 730.6 thousand ha, about 2.2% of the total area

of the country In particular, the end of 2011, there were 15 EZ was established with

a total area of 662.2 thousand ha

b Economic center (EC): has 2 national EC - 2 special urban: the capital Hanoi and

Ho Chi Minh City; 3 regional EC - grade 1, central cities: Hai Phong (northern coastalregion), Da Nang (central), Can Tho (the South West) In addition, water we also have EC -grade 1: Thai Nguyen and Nam Dinh, Hue, Vinh, Dalat, Nha Trang and Quy Nhon andBuon Ma Thuot; Which, Vinh City is being built to become EC regions north central;

1.2.3 Some forms TOE at North central

1.2.3.1 The form TOE of branch

a Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

* Farm: By 2010, the north central has 10.303 farms, accounting for 7.1% of the

total number of farms in the country

* Growing areas: In addition to the rice crop is still considered important in order to

stabilize food, north central has formed a number of specialized areas associated withindustrial processing and export, such as: peanut-growing regions, cane-growingareas, the rubber-growing areas, the production of pepper, fruit trees;-strickenlivestock bovine meat; concentrated aquaculture areas

b Industry

* Industrial: As of 2010, the north central has 16 active IPs with a total area of 3.7 thousand hectares, the average size of 228.9 hectares / IP, fill rate 53.6%, higherthan the the national average (49.9%)

* Industrial Center: Vinh city (food beverages, building materials, mechanical,textile, thick; Thanh Hoa City (mechanical, chemical, building materials, food,beverages) , Nghi Son (building materials, mechanical, petroleum products; Hue City

is both a tourist center, and is the industrial center (textiles - thick, food, beverages,construction materials, wood processing and forest products)

c Travel Services

- The tourist national or international significance include: Ho, Dong Loc T-junction,the souvenir Nguyen Du, Quang Tri Citadel, Bach Ma National Park, Dong Hoi.

- A number of urban-regional tourism center, the province, forming andpromoting the role of Sam Son, Cua Lo, Hue Besides, a new TCLTDL form alsounder construction and development in the region is the KDL, including: Kim LienThien Cam, Phong Nha - Ke Bang, Lang Co - Canh Duong

- In the region has formed a national tourist routes, such as: online Thanh Hoa,Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Binh, Quang Tri, Thua Thien Hue to Ho Chi Minh City orHanoi along National Highway 1A ; online Hue, Dong Ha Dong Hoi - Phong Nha;online Hue, Dong Ha Lao Bao along Highway 1 and 9

1.2.3.2 The form of spatial TOE

a Economic zone: Nghi Son (Thanh Hoa), Nghe An Southeast, Vung Ang (Ha

Tinh), rather than in Quang Binh, Quang Tri South East, Chan May - Lang Co (ThuaThien Hue) has a total area of more than 121 thousand hectares, accounting for16.6% of the total area of the country EZ In 2010, the rate of filling of the IPs in the

EZ of the activities was 53.6%, higher than the national average (49.9%) [117]

b Economic centers: Vinh, Thanh Hoa, Hue.

Chapter 2 INFLUENCE FACTORS AND STATUS OBOUTN TOE IN

NGHE AN PROVINCE (Include 78 pages, 05 maps, 06 charts and 22 tables) 2.1 FACTORS AFFECTING TOE

2.1.1 Geographical location

Nghe An province in the north central, the territory stretching from the Northwestand Southeast, the natural area is 16490.7 km2, including 17 (7 district, coastal plains andmountainous district 10), TP Vinh and two towns: Cua Lo, Thai Hoa with 473communes, wards and townships The population in 2010 was 2929.1 thousand people.Nghe territory located in the following coordinates: from 18,035 'to 20010'10'' northlatitude and from 103050'25'' to 105040'30'' east longitude Northern, Nghe An adjacentThanh Hoa province (196 km), the South Ha Tinh (92.6 km), west bordering with LaoPDR 419km, east overlooking the South China Sea with a length of coastline is 82km.Nghe An geographic location easily establish relationships with the local economy inthe country as well as to expand the exchange of international economic, is important toTOE factor, especially in agriculture, industry and the key territorial development poles

2.1.2 Natural conditions and natural resources

2.1.2.1 Terrai

Nghe An has a varied topography, complex, both medium high mountains withcoastal plain Diverse terrain is determined TOE basis In the hilly areas of landwide, capable of developing the farm, the forest growing, perennial crops, raisingcattle or arranged the mining and hydropower; lines, eco-tourism, etc.; In plain areas,facilitate the layout of the farm, the growing of food crops, industrial crops, points,and industrial zones services; coastal areas, islands can develop synthetic marineeconomic sectors: tourism, ports, fisheries, shipbuilding, mining, marine Coastalplain area with many advantages over the formation and development of industrialzones, EZ, TZ; There are many estuaries can set the port transport and fishing port:

Cua Lo, Dong Hoi, the door this will be the driving force, creating attraction, thespread for the surrounding area, creating a new position and force for socio-economic development of the province.

2.1.2.2 Climate

Cclimate of Nghe An is monsoon tropics, Asia tropical winter Climatedifferentiation according to dimensions North-South, East-West and at the height of theterrain create favorable conditions for the TOA in the ecological advantages of each sub-region and make contact complete in TOE

2.1.2.3 Water Resources

a Surface water resources are estimated at 42 billion m3 with dense riversystem, river network density from 0.6 to 0.7 km/km2 The river system is the largestriver in the province, 375 km (only flows in the Nghe An Province), has an area of

17 730 km2 basin, with 82 tributaries of grades 1, 2, accounting for 80% of watersurface the province In general, rivers have large values for the TOE, especially inTOA, waterway transportation, hydropower industry for the province

b Groundwater resources of the province is considered plentiful Unless thebasalt Nghia Dan, Quy Hop, groundwater capacity in the places remaining to meetwater demand and production

2.1.2.4 Natural land resources, the province had 1649 thousand hectares In

particular, rivers, streams and mountain area of 76.2 thousand hectares (4.6%), theremaining 1572.8 ha in the two systems mainland: land feralit in the hills and alluvialplains and create conditions for production organization and forms TOE layout

2.1.2.5 Forest resources of the province was 876.5 thousand hectares (head of the

country, accounting for about 6.5% of national forest area), the coverage was 53.15%(ranked 8/63 provinces and cities) In particular, the natural forest area accounts for 84.2%,with total reserves of about 50 million m3 of wood, bamboo, availability meters over onebillion trees, allowing provinces to organize forestry production goods large scale

2.1.2.6 Mineral resources of the province has 113 mines with relatively large

volume, 171 ore and limestone are fairly evenly distributed in the locality In particular,the main mineral extraction conditions include: tin, white marble, limestone, clay,stones, gravel, iron ore, mineral water reserves and the distribution of minerals have animpact on the formation and development of the mining industry and the processingindustry to make up the richness in picture TOI of the province

a favorable area to allocate IPs and EZs

2.1.3 The socio-economic factors

2.1.3.1 Population and labor force

a Population Nghe fourth most populous country and the second in the north

central (after Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh and Thanh Hoa) with a total population of 2.93

million Currently, Nghe An is a "golden population structure", are favorable conditionsfor socio-economic development in the province in general, TOE particular.

b Labour of the province was 1.85 million, accounting for 63.6% of the

population Labor force is largely young and fit: between the ages of 15 and 24accounted for 22.5%; between 25 and 34 accounted for 15%, from 35 to 44accounted for 12.7%, and from 45 - 54 8.7 % [2] However, the level of labor is low(in 2010, the percentage of trained labor share is 14.7%) Structural shift workers butslow In 2010, the agricultural, forestry and fishery workers accounted for 65.7%,industry and construction 20 percent and services 14.3%

2.1.3.2 Provincial Science and Technology aims to bring progress forproduction and life, especially in the fields of agriculture, forestry, fisheries andindustry Many technology transfer project was made effective as: fruit seeddevelopment (orange, pineapple), hybrid herd development, development of shrimp,shrimp greasybock, shrimp summer, introduced varieties put into production,processing of agricultural, forestry and aquatic products

The subject of social science and humanities deployed contribute to theconservation and promotion of cultural values tradition, the scientific basis and practicalhelp committees and governments at all levels set socio-economic development policiesconsistent and can be exploited to construct points, lines, TZ

of timber and forest products; Railway Bridge Dry - Cua Lo town unified railwayconnection with Cua Lo, passenger and goods import and export

- Transport by sea of the province with the port system development locatedalong the coastline To the south of the province Cua Lo, a capacity of 1.5 milliontons / year, capable of receiving vessels of 10 thousand DWT North of the province

of Dong Hoi port is being built to serve the needs of the import and export of goodsfor the thermal power plants, steel mills and construction materials in Dong HoiIndustrial Park and surrounding areas

- Transport by air: Vinh Airport runway 2.400m long; 45m wide with four lanesaircraft, receive the kind of middle-class A320 - A321 or equivalent, transportcapacity over 80 thousand passengers / year

b Telecommunications network of the province is investing in modern

technology, high flux, increasing the speed and quality with a full range of:telephone, fax, internet All communes in the province are equipped with digitalelectronic total stations with fiber optic cable and digital microwave transmissionnetwork, 100% of communes have phone and mobile phone coverage

c Power supply and distribution systems primarily from the national power grid

through four lines: two high-voltage 500 KV, 220 KV, 110 KV Provincial gridsystem includes: 220 KV transmission line (243 km), 110 kV transmission line (171

km), 35 KV (1519 km), 22 KV (696 km), low-voltage lines with a total length ofmore than 10 thousand km There has been a 100% air districts the nationalelectricity grid, 95% of communes, wards and electricity use.

d Water supply system from 37 plants, water supply stations, in which: 15

plants supply water to urban areas, with a total capacity of over 80 thousand m3/day,

22 factories, stations water supply for rural areas (total capacity of over fourthousand m3/day), meet about 87% of the demand for water in the city and 85% ofthe demand for clean water in rural areas

2.1.3.4 Capital development

a The provincial capital is mobilized up to speed quickly, the average period of

2001 - 2010 to 15 - 17% / year and the investment-to-GDP ratio is increasing: from42.4% in 2001 to 54, 2% in 2010

b Investment outside the province has attracted 436 projects, including 118

foreign investment projects with a total capital $ 1,499.3 and 318 domesticinvestment projects capitalized at 113.8 trillion (period 2001 - 2010)

2.1.3.5 Prominent policy environment is urban development policy system

-creating territorial framework, the driving force of economic development in space;industrial zone development policy, EZ; policy development sectors associated withadvantage of each sector in the territory; policies to build economic infrastructure of

a modern, rapidly growing source of energy to meet the needs of industrializationand modernization of the province; Strengthening institutional capacity anddevelopment human resources; technology transfer, capacity building and researchNghe An implementation that has the potential

2.1.3.6 Market and inter-regional economic relations

a Domestic market, with nearly 3 million people in the province and the

country's 86.9 million people

b Foreign markets: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong; Asian newly industrialized

countries; Japan, European countries, America; Russia, the countries of Northeast Asia

2.1.3.7 Inter-regional economic relations with the developing central the

Central key economic region, with the South of Thanh Hoa- North of Nghe An andSouth of Nghe An - North of Ha Tinh

2.1.3.8 Political and economic activities international society in the region

and will create better conditions for the country as well as local to make good use ofthe opportunity created by the international context, expand ability comprehensiveinternational economic cooperation, exploiting comparative advantage, takingadvantage of external resources to promote better internal resources and createsynergy to develop the country

2.1.4 General assessment of the factors affecting TOE Nghe An province 2.2 STATUS TOE NGHE AN