In Vietnam, many scientists have studied the credit system, managed studentlearning activity in credit system universities as Nguyen Kim Dung to "Creditsystem training, experience from t
Trang 11 Why choose topics
Starting from the point of view of the student is the center of the trainingprocess, which requires training process so that each student can find the mostappropriate way of their learning The North American educators were interested infinding new methods of education based approach "student-centered" with thedesire to develop students' creative ability Understanding this trend, Principal Eliotwho initiated elective system at Harvard University in 1872 He decided to replacethe system of fixed lecture by traditional methods in a variety of options forstudents Results of the study based on the elective course were the new method oftraining based credit system model European credit transfer System (ECTS) wasborn later than Training based credit system (1999)
Learning activity management in University with credit system with flexibleprogram is composed of modules that each student can choose to study is one of theessential requirements Due to the many advantages and in accordance with therequirements of social development, the credit system continued to grow and spreadthroughout the world This deeply affects higher education in Vietnam after the renovation
Until now, the international research to apply the credit system in universityfocused analysis of the historical development of the credit system, thecharacteristics of the system, appropriate for a developing country such as: "creditand qualifications "of Arthur Levin," the credit system learning American model "ofBarbara Burn," academic credit system in higher education - the effectiveness andrelevance in developing countries "Ompron of Regel
In Vietnam, many scientists have studied the credit system, managed studentlearning activity in credit system universities as Nguyen Kim Dung to "Creditsystem training, experience from the world and reality in Vietnam," Lam Quangreported on "About the method of teaching, learning and assessment of student’slearning outcomes in the credit system university," Dang Xuan Hai "Training the
credit system in Vietnam: issues and practices." These documents mainly focuse on analysis of the difficulties in managing student’s learning activities when the universities provide courses based on credit system, teaching methods and assessment of student learning outcomes based credit system, haven’t studies on managing student’s learning activity in the university based on credit system.
To manage the university applied credit system with it’s inherentcharacteristics, the student’s learning activity management needs to fit the newtraining methods Practices in Vietnam with the question, how to manage student’slearning activity in universities when transfering to credit system learning Thus,doing research to find solutions to manage student’s learning activity is becomingmore necessary and urgent to improve process of management in the universitybased credit system in Vietnam
2 Research objectives
Study rationale and practice of student’s learning activity management in theuniversity based credit system Since then, the solution proposed about student’s
Trang 2learning activity management to improve the management of the University basedcredit system in Vietnam.
3 Objects and subjects studied
The object of study: Teaching activity management activities the University
applied credit system
Subjects of study: Student’s learning activity management based on the credit system.
4 My hypothesis
The solution to manage the student’s learning activity at vietnam Universityapplied credit system if being implemented in a scientific manner and synchronizationfunctions of management from leading to innovate understanding, building mechanismand management systems, complete rules guiding to the student’s learning activity,manage student’s learning plan, ensure facilities conditions for student’s learning activitywill contribute to improve the management of the University based on credit system in Vietnam
5 Research Tasks
- Researching rationale for management of student’s learning activity in general and
in particular the credit system
- Researching realities of student’s learning activity, discovering the advantages andweaknesses, objective and subjective reasons, limited and success in the management
of student’s learning activity in Vietnam universities based credit system
- Proposing solutions to manage student’s learning activity in Vietnam universitiesbased credit system
- Assay and some empirical solutions manage student’s learning activities at a number of universitiesbased credit system to test the effects and effectiveness of the solution
- Audience Survey: training managers, trainers, student managers, students of someuniversities using credit system
Study period: Year 2010 to 2013
7 Methodology and Research Methods
7.1 Thread applied a methodology of research approach (i) historical-logic approach, (ii)
Analysis - synthesis approach, (iii) Access to the target, (iv) Access System
7.2 Group research methods
7.2.1 Methods of theoretical studies
7.2.2 Practical Research Methods
Conduct analysis and assessment situation; questionaire survey ; interview, casestudy method, experts approach
7.2.3 Complementary method
- Methods of mathematical statistics
- SPSS software with formula Chi-square test (Chi-square test)
Trang 38 The point to be protected
- Transfer student’s learning activity from the yearly school manner to the creditsystem is implemented innovative fundamental step towards learning how to thinkcreatively in order to accumulate knowledge selection and formed learning newhabits for lifelong learning
- Management training by the credit system is to create a lively learning activitiesfor all students in the direction of opening, enhancing autonomy and accountabilityfor quality outcomes and learning, research of each student to himself, family and society
- Management Solutions proposed to ensure the rational and efficient process for allacademic activities in the credit system of students through increased independence,choice of innovative knowledge and practical skills that best meets the aspirationsrequirements of social - economic development
9 New contributions of the thesis
- Topic: Managing the learning activities of students in Vietnam universities basedthe credit system have been the subject of research content highly needed,especially in the basic trend of innovative higher education Vietnam in theinternational integration process and in accordance with current professional training
- Thesis additional building and enriching the rationale for higher education, thesystem of legal documents relating to the formation and application of trainingcredits system university Vietnam, proposed 5 solutions to manage student’slearning activity in Vietnam universities based credit system
Practical
- The thesis presents a systematic, objective and comprehensive development ofVietnam higher education after the reform and associated with innovation processesrequire training yearly to the credit system
- The results of the thesis is the basis for innovation in teaching management ingeneral and improve the management of student’s learning activities of students inthe process of training new credit system in schools university of Vietnam
- Applying the innovation process management school, teaching activities,particularly for the management of learning activities of students in the creditsystem in Vietnam universities
10.Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references, the thesis isstructured into 3 chapters
Trang 4Chapter 1 RATIONALE AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES OF
MANAGEMENT OF STUDENT’S LEARNING ACTIVITY BY CREDIT
SYSTEM IN UNIVERSITIES 1.1 Overview of research issues
1.1.1.Study abroad
(i) The study of credit system ( CS) and CS training
-O Regel conducted a study on "Credit system in higher education, efficiency andrelevance for developing countries"
Bahram Bekhradnia conducted study on "The overall on the accumulation and credittransfer, Bologna Declaration"
J-Cary Trexler made a study of United States credit system, the history, definitionand mechanism of action
(ii) The research activities of students studying in the credit system
- Bologna Declaration is one of the key objectives set out to establish a unit of creditgenerally to assess the volume of learning of the curriculum is taught in universities
- Frances L Hoffman has provided readers around the world to better understand thecredit system in the United States and context applied to Vietnam She gave aperspective on higher education in the United States with four characteristics: (i) decentralization,diversity, multiple missions and by local management, (ii) Adaptation to high for students, (iii )student-centered, and (iv) research activities are centered
(iii) The study of management student‘s learning activity in the credit system
Charles T Towley summed university management model at the University of NewMexico (United States) based on the principle of executive management to takedecisions related to training
1.1.2 Research in the country.
(i) The study of the credit system and the system of training credits
- Nguyen Kim Dung reported in Science Credit Training Workshop on "Trainingbased the credit system: Experience in the world and reality in Vietnam."
- Proceedings of the Training Workshop on the credit system at Can Tho University in 2010
(ii) The research of student‘s learning activity in the credit system
-Vu Van Tao with "Teach how to learn", Phan Trong Luan with "study - A goldenkey of education", Nguyen Ky with "method of education learner-centered"
- Eli Mazur & Pham Thi Ly made a comparative study of systems the U.S creditsystem and suggests directions for higher education in Vietnam
- Lam Quang Thiep "On the method of teaching, learning and assessment oflearning outcomes of the credit system" has clarified the nature of the credit system
is to personalize learning in higher education for the mass The underlying philosophy of the creditsystem is "learner-oriented education" and "mass higher education"
(iii) The study of management learning activities of students in the credit system
- The Vietnam universities and colleges Organisation have organized ScientificConference 2008 on "Managing students in the credit system"
Trang 5- Dang Xuan Hai also had several articles on credit system, such as "Training the credit system inVietnam: issues and practical implementation", "On the autonomy and responsibility of students andfaculty members of the training methods of a credit system "
1.1.3 The content should continue research to apply in Vietnam universities
A number of training materials in the U.S credit system and credit transfersystem in Europe is mainly about the life history of the credit system to meet theoriginal intention before changing requirements of the socio-economy at that time.However, this study refers to the issue of management training, such as electivesystem of course, the implementation of specialized training programs, course
outlines The content of teaching and learning management in the credit system has not been mentioned.
Management studen‘t learning activity is one of the key tasks of the university In fact the credit system has many features that other than yearly, university flexibility in teaching, and learning for all students as individuals progress, students selected subjects fit capacity and excellence Many universities are confused when dealing with problems that arise in the learning activities of students in particular System of normative documents and regulations guiding the operations management of student learning in training in the credit system is not perfect, apparatus and system management learning activities of students in the system credit unclear The case is still ongoing management of student learning through class students, while students primarily in grades credits The students choose the wrong course, not understanding or to register for the competition again, do not enroll enough credits regulations frequent This led to the management of learning activities of students in the current credit system is inadequate, need for specific solutions to improve.
Some studies of U.S credit system also applies to Vietnam focuses onanalyzing problems, advantages and requirements to be achieved when switchingfrom annual training process to credit institutions There aren’t any research analysisand evaluation related to the management of student‘s learning activities in the creditsystem Recognizing the importance and topicality of the subject, the author has consulted education
managers, professionals and teachers to guide and conduct research on " manage student‘s learning activity in the credit system in universities in Vietnam "
1.2 Basic concepts of univerisity management and credit system
1.2.1 University management
According to Bui Minh Hien, Vu Ngoc Hai, Dang Quoc Bao: SocialManagement is taking focus management education (education is a top nationalpolicy), the manager must educate the people are buttons (home management to theplatform) and managed to get the school management is the fundamental processes
of teaching, teaching must come (from) and direction (on) learners [44, tr210]
According to Tran Kiem, the university management is essentially determining the location of each
of the social system, as defined, functions, powers, duties, and relations of their role in society withoutfirst is within the university as a social organization [63, tr259]
Charles Towley said that students go to university to learn and grow
Trang 61.2.2 The credit system
By Cary J Trexler, the credit system is a description of a systematic educationalprogram by attaching credits to the component parts of the program
According to O Regel, the credit is a unit that is used to measure the volume of learning in theuniversity Credit is the subject of a number of class hours a week for a semester One credit isusually 50 minutes in the class for a week and lasts for one semester [121, tr3]
C James Quann said that academic credit is a measure of all of the required time of
a normal student to learn a specific curriculum Total time of 3 components: (i) class time, (ii) time inthe lab, studio, practice or other parts have been specified in the schedule, (iii) and the time for reading,research, problem solving, writing or preparation "
1.3 Student’s learning activy in the credit system
1.3.1 Learning activities of students
According to Phan Trong Ngo, learning is a process of interaction between theindividual with the environment, the results lead to sustainable changes inawareness, attitudes or behavior of that individual [77, tr15]
Nguyen Thạc-Pham Thanh Nghi said, "Learning in college is a type ofpsychological operation is a unique organization of students for the purpose ofpreparing consciously become developers comprehensive creative and highlyqualified professional "[82, pp 90]
1.3.3 The learning plan
The learning plan is to build a specific timetable, to achieve reasonablelearning outcomes in a certain period of time Each student, depending on thecircumstances and his needs, there is a separate learning plan, can be changed asneeded, but it is important to follow up the plan laid out
1.3.4 Learning Methods
The method is an important component of the operation The purpose andcontent of the activities identified methods of operation plays a decisive role to thequality of operations
Lam Quang Thiep comments, in accordance with the system of trainingcredits, "The three most important criteria for selection should be based on a system
of teaching and learning methods for each specific case: (i) the criteria to beincluded most comprehensive way to learn is to teach; (ii) the quality is strong need
to promote the autonomy of the learner, (iii) Tools are needed to fully exploit thenew information and communication technologies "
1.3.5 Facilities and form of learning
Trang 7For students, learning facilities that help them acquire knowledge, practiceskills and cognitive Science and technology are growing more, learning facilitiesare modernizing to contribute to improving the academic performance of students.
According to Nguyen Phuc Chau, organizational forms is the learningprocess suitable for the purpose, content and programs to achieve quality andefficiency of teaching
Form of learning is determined depending on the relationship of basicelements such as: (i) the nature of teaching group or individual, (ii) The independent
of students in the dominate the knowledge, skills, (iii) guidance method,organization and control of learning activities, and (iv) location learning time
1.3.6 Characteristics of the learning activities of students in the credit system
(i) Course of Study: For training credits, students actively choose subjects, the
number of subjects in accordance with the conditions of the individual The volume
is divided into knowledge modules, equal credit Students who complete theprescribed number of credits recognized accumulated knowledge
(ii) Methods, means and forms of learning: learning when transferred to the credit
system, classroom time listening less, mainly trainers introduced the main contents
of the course, students are required for group learning, discussion topics students to
be proactive in finding knowledge related to the subject through a variety of sources,reference books in the library, via the internet, to learn the practice in the field trip
(iii) Study time: When switched to the credit system training, the classroom time is
shorter, the way to calculate the students workload is more clearly, one period inclass will required two more to prepare Students need to accumulate enoughcredits, ranging from 120 -140 credits to graduate
(iv) Study plan: Due to the elective subjects and study time, students need to
develop individual learning plans in line with overall training plan of the school andmeet the requirements of the self capacity and condition Individual learning planincludes learning objectives, a list of courses, learning time and self-assessment planfor learning to adjust learning activities to achieve its objectives
1.4 Managing student’s learning activity in the credit system
1.4.1 Managing student’s learning activity
Management student’s learning activity is one of the content of educationmanagement in university Learning activity management is actually kind of statemanagement to implement synchronous elements: objectives, content, learningmethods At the same time, active management of student learning, including timemanagement and academic quality, management attitudes of students Managementactivities of student learning is not confined within the teaching and education ofstudents in the classroom, in the school which includes a variety of differentactivities such as extracurricular activities, participation clubs, extracurricular,practice, practice, visits, exchanges, self-learning, self-study
1.4.2 Plan and guide students to plan in the credit system
Plan to manage student’s learning activity to help students perform learningactivities in universities achieve academic goals set Management planning learning
Trang 8activities of students in the credit system is the work of at least two or management.The general plan for the implementation of management training in the entire unit,including operations management in the implementation of teaching objectives,curriculum content, methods, organizational forms, the facilities and teachingequipment, teaching evaluation results.
The university needs to guide students to familiarize students with planningtheir individual learning When students develop the study plan, the managementthought of itself systematically to predict situations that may occur Students willlearn how to coordinate all resources to individuals and organizations to createsynergy to achieve their academic goals At universities around the world haveadopted form-based learning credits system, system of academic advisors areassigned the responsibility of guiding student learning plans
1.4.3 Organizing the apparatus to manage the student’t learning
Managing students are the work of many departments in universities:managing student learning, academic management, managing awareness, attitudesand financial management System of student’ learning management, including theprincipal, the unit in charge of students and faculty, training centers, homeroomteacher and student class The other point in the system of training credits from theyearly training course that is part of academic advising system Academic advisingsystem is usually held in association with the university training programs Advisorysystem to help students learn how to build your study plan consistent withobjectives of university education and personal learning goals to help studentsbecome self-directed learners through teaching them how to build learning planspassion towards the academic, professional and personal aspirations
Managing student’s learning activity in the credit system to comply with thepolicies of the Party, the government, namely the Law on Education and HigherEducation, the bylaws of the State, regulations, higher education policy andregulations of each university
1.4.4 Leading and directing the student learning activities in the credit system
Leadership has been described as "a process of social influence which aperson can seek the help and support of others in order to achieve success for acommon goal." In management education, leadership is focused on working out all
of the subjects in the computer management education management and employees
at all levels of university heads
Entity management-directed learning activities of students held class in order
to manage through grade students (class activity) and partial classes (class credit)Steering self-learning activities of students outside of the classroom through activemanagement of the organization flexibility and diversity
The subject-directed management development programs and materials for learningactivities of students in accordance with the method according to the credits system
- The management can direct the forces to coordinate educational and socialorganizations in the operational management of student learning
- Creating the conditions for infrastructure & facilities of student learning
Trang 9- Directing the assessment of learning outcomes for students considering theresponse of the target subjects, reflecting the academic achievement of students
1.4.5 Assessment of learning activities of students in the credit system
(i) Examining the implementation of student’s learning plan is necessary to help
students achieve academic goals as planned Academic advisors help students tobuild learning plan and mornitor their implementation plans
(ii) Checking development curriculum used the credit system to comply with the
principle of adjusting the contents of the load off, resolved the relationship betweentime, knowledge and respect systematics, stability and consistency The inspectionprogram must be directed to the content learning goals
(iii) Checking the operation of management of student learning in the credit system,
including the operation of academic advisors to assist students with learning plan,selection program, credit options, enrollment exam In addition, the combination ofthe functional units of the university are also subject to inspection to ensure themanagement of student learning is done in accordance with regulations and achievemanagement goals
(iv) Checking the facilities for student’s learning activities to perform a
synchronized manner, thoroughly in all categories from study hall, classrooms,seminar rooms and laboratories to libraries, databases, educational materials, .devices support teaching
1.5 The factors affecting the management of studentslearning
1.5.1 Objective factors
(i) The international environment
The credit system created many opportunities for students to adult learning.The international universities signed memo to recognite of each other differentprograms to perform continuous training, student exchanges between universities inthe world, enabling students become familiar with multicultural environment,dynamic and highly adaptable
(ii) Domestic Environment
The management of student’ learning activity is more complicated whenswitching to the credit systems training methods Although faculty is responsiblefor the overall management of the activities of teaching, training, however, difficultmedical management by the students dispersed in many class credits with scheduledifferent Working the main teacher made the task of organizing the managementlayer depth to the individual student Teachers manage the presence of students inthe class through attendance, and attitudes tracking study through participationopinions So, the students should be managerial innovation by:
- The organization and management of the unions, the social activities of difficulty arranging time
- The attachment between the members of the class decreased by members lesscommon opportunities
- The review organization Bonus will be incorrect discipline, take the form due tonon members have the opportunity to study and work together
1.5.2 Subjective factors
Trang 10(i) The management ability of subject
Applying the credit system as a fundamental change in the method of training colleges.The management needs to be changed from the planning stages to organize and direct theimplementation of the plan and assessment Apply Credit System required managers to cultivateprofessional knowledge, improve management capacity
(ii)Management experience of subject
The management subject hasn’t got enough management experience inapplying Credit System At Vietnam University, a new credit system isimplemented since 2007 Management staff in universities mainly learned fromuniversities has taken credit system in the world through specific research aboutcredit system was introduced at the workshop training A few managers were sent tostudy abroad for training model on credit system and share research with colleagues
(iii) Autonomy and accountability of students
Credit system training required student to enhance autonomy in learning.Students actively planning, implementing learning plans to achieve the highestresults Learning is stressful work, if students are learning methods in a scientificway to increase labor productivity and learning Students must practice andfostering academic sense, strictly adhere to the rules and regulations set forth by theschool, fostering their self-study habits and living seriously
1.6 Experiences from abroad on the management of student learning in credit system 1.6.1 Experience in America
The students affairs in the U.S universities is to create conditions andopportunities to help students self-control and be responsible for themselves, forlearning, formation of self-consciousness in learning The management of studentlearning activities mainly administrative management system, so that everything isdone properly process procedures This work has significant practical advice that ismonitored by student learning activities parallel with the planning process oflearning and self-management of student learning activities
1.6.2 Experience in Thailand
Thailand is one of the Asian countries to accelerate the training credits.However, the application of credit training in Thailand has not only helped thestudents learning easier Credit system training in higher education meaningful toThailand by allowing the students to convert easily However, this study did notshow the lessons learned in managing student learning in universities
1.6.3 Experience in China
With a view to take the required courses to teach in university, then the creditsystem in China is simply changing some of the subjects on the basis of thecurriculum under the old plan In China, many universities during the electiverequirements for mandatory rate / buffet from 9/1 to 6/4, there are also a number ofother university training as part of the plan: first two years of the plan, two yearsafter using the credit system The credit system is only meaningful when viewing it
as a means to manage teaching hours
1.6.4 Experience in India
Trang 11India is a developing country, due to the rapid technological progress to thiscountry to face diverse requirements of high-quality human resources The IndianInstitute of Technology, and a number of universities have adopted credit systemtechnical training process for both undergraduate and graduate In India, unlike thecredit system model of the United States or Europe Most technical universities inIndia teach continuing education courses, have a few choices for students, andteaching in the school timetable Student fails a course during a semester must waituntil next year to study and retest.
1.6.5 The experience needed to study selective use
The management of student learning activities is one of the important tasks ofuniversities To successfully apply the credit system, the school management ingeneral, management of student learning activities particular should be studied tomake management solutions consistent with the characteristics of this system,including the pros benefits and obstacles when applied in Vietnam higher education
The research on credit system training abroad mainly focuses on the trainingprocess, the primacy of Vietnam and the system suitable for social development.The European and North American operations management teaching by teachersmeasure student satisfaction with teachers, with students through the quality ofsatisfaction of the employers Similarly, the student learning managed by thenumber of credits through the accumulation of knowledge and learned the power ofindividuals To achieve this, students can request higher self-awareness, self-consciousness is not necessary for learning myself
Being better to manage the student learning activities in universities, thecredit system owns the important management’s factors to help students pursue theiracademic career as advisors system, individual learning plans This is a very bigdifference between training and training credits yearly So research and findsolutions to implement the management of student learning activities in accordancewith the University's required
Trang 12CHAPTER 2 PRACTICIAL BACKGROUND ON MANAGEMENT ON STUDENT LEARNING ACTIVITIES BY CREDIT SYSTEM IN VIETNAM
UNIVERSITIES 2.1 Policies of the Party and State, Ministry of Education and training on implementing student learning activity using credit system in universities
Some policies of the Party and State:
(i) Decision 73/2005/QD-TTg on the implementation of the Action Planimplementing the Resolution of the Government 37/2004/QH11 XI sixth session ofthe National Assembly on education
(ii) Resolution of the Government of innovation 14/2005/NQ-CP comprehensivebasic and higher education in Vietnam from 2006 to 2020
(iii) amended Education Law 2009 (Law on Education of 38/2005/QH 11)
(iv) The Prime Minister issued Directive 296/CT-TTgve reform higher education 2010-2012.Some provisions of the Ministry of Education and Training:
- Decision 25/2006/QD- MOET regulations promulgated tertiary education system of government
- Decision Training 42/2007/QD-BGD regulations promulgated students ofuniversities, colleges and technical secondary system of government
- Decision 43/2007/QD-BGDDT August 15, 2007 promulgating the regulation ofhigher education and college system of government in the credit system
2.2 An outline of Vietnam higher education system
2.2.1 Vietnam higher education’s system
The overall goal of higher education to develop Vietnam: In 2020, highereducation must be a substantial step in quality and scale, to meet human needs foreconomic development - improving social and intellectual ethnicity, access to theadvanced level in the region and around the world, raising a number of universities
to international level, contribute to improving the competitiveness of humanresources and the economy of the country
2.2.2 The requirements for higher education reform in Vietnam in the decade of the century
Vietnam Higher Education Innovation to meet the major requirements ofproviding highly qualified human resources for the country's industrialization andmodernization, international integration, to meet the academic requirements of thepeople We strive to 2020, higher education in Vietnam reached advanced level inthe region and internationally
2.2.3 These achievements and challenges in the innovation process
In 2011, there are 188 public and private, to meet the graduates of more than 1,400 million
The challenges: (i) For systems that require increasing the number of trainedquality higher education to satisfy labor market high technology, in the context ofscientific and technological development and change quickly, (ii) for theUniversity's training objectives of the school and meet the needs of society
2.3 The process of formation and development credit training in Vietnam 2.3.1 The formation process-oriented credit training in Vietnam