ngôn từ nghệ thuật thơ mới bản tóm tắt tiếng anh

Acquiring achievements of their predecessors, studying the results from researches on artistic language in the last decades, we saw that it was time to carry out a thorough research on a

LA NGUYET ANH

ART OF LANGUAGE USE IN NEW POETRY

SPECIALITY: VIETNAMESE LITERATURE

CODE: 62 22 01 21

SUMMARY OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION

OF LANGUAGES AND CULTURE OF VIETNAM

THAI NGUYEN - 2013

This work has been completed at College of Education – Thai Nguyen University

Scientific instructor 1: Associate Prof Nguyen Dang Diep, Ph.D Scientific instructor 2: Le Hong My, Ph.D

Judge 1:

Judge 2:

Judge 3:

The dissertation shall be defended before the Thai Nguyen University level Dissertation Assessment Council held at: ………

At …… o’clock, on day…… month … , 2013

The dissertation can be found at:

Vietnam National Library

Learning Resource Centre of Thai Nguyen University

PREFACE

1 Rational of the subject

1.1 Language is the first element of literature Composing, receiving and evaluating literature in general, poetry in particular cannot be carried out without this element

Artistic language (literary language) is a "different stratification" of natural language, "mutual invasion" (Iu.M.Lotman) but not identical to natural language If natural language tends to be stable, artistic language - especially poetry language - as a "code" is always changing Each literature era, every movement, trend, and every author tends to "possess" his or her own language use to bring a "reality" and new forms to artistic language

1.2 In the running flow of Vietnam poetry, New poetry movement (1932 – 1945) is a distinctive, excellent, multifarious, diverse and complicated phenomenon in Vietnam modern poetry On the creative process, poets of New poetry have achieved great success, laying a solid foundation for the modernization of Vietnam poetry More than eight decades have passed, New

poetry has continuously been drawing the attention and love of the readers,

researchers and Literary critics Particularly, the creation of New poetry in artistic language has always been attracting composers, enjoyers and poetry researchers

1.3 Studies on New poetry have already dealt with the language of poetry

on many aspects, such as: rhyme, rhythm, music, structure of language style, use

of words … However, the assessment, analysis, interpretation focused on

confirming innovation of each composer or uniqueness of individual poems The issue of art of language use in New poetry lacks a overall systematic

comprehensive view, and many points are still left to further researches, analysis and synthesis

Acquiring achievements of their predecessors, studying the results from researches on artistic language in the last decades, we saw that it was time to carry out a thorough research on art of language use in New poetry

1.4 New Poetry has a significant position in the Phylology program at all levels Reality of teaching and learning New poetry requires deeper mastering artistic creation of poets of New poetry The exploration and research to meet the needs of teaching, learning New poetry in particular and modern Viet nam literature in general in schools and universities are also a reason urging us to

choose this topic Hopefully results from researching art of language use in New

poetry not only have new practical significance for the author of dissertation but

also have positive suggestions for practical research, teaching and learning Phylology in schools and universities

2 Object and scope of research

2.1 Research object

Object of this dissertation is the art of language use in compositions of

poets of New poetry 1932-1945

2.2 Research scope

In the process of doing the research, focusing on the object of study, we investigated, studied compositions of poets of New poetry through poetry anthologies and poems books published or republished in Vietnam from before the August Revolution up to now, namely: Vietnam Poets (Hoai Thanh - Chan Hoai, Literature Publishing House, Hanoi, 1998, 14th print) [172]; New Poetry (1932 1945): Authors and works (Writers Association’s Publishing House, H.,

2006, 6th print) [187]; the representative poems books in the movement of New poetry

3 Research objectives

This dissertation focuses on the following main objectives:

- Identifying, analyzing and generalizing basic characteristics, ways of organizing and the excellences in organizing artistic language in New poetry; confirming respected contributions of New poetry in the process of modernalizing poetry and innovating Vietnam literary language

- Confirming the dialectical relationship between language creation and artistic ideas, between form and content; the regulations of social consciousness, the state of knowledge and power systems for creation of artistic language

- The dissertation also aims at asserting an effective approach in the studying, receiving and enjoying poetry

4 Research tasks

The dissertation poses the following research tasks: 1) Surveying research history of art of language use in New poetry; 2) Finding out the basis of theory and practice on artistic language and art of language use in New poetry; 3) Generalizing the formation of new communicative artistic forms from New poetry phenomenon; 4) Pointing out language characteristics and organization of artistic text of New poetry

5 Method for research

The following methods in this dissertation are used: structural and systematic method, statistic and comparing method, method of text analyzing, inter-branch studying method

6 New scientific contributions of dissertation

This is the first research doing an overall and systematical study on the

art of language use in New poetry

The dissertation has a detailed analysis exploiting the endogenous and exogenous elements, the cultural and historical conditions as an important prrequisites to make changes of artistic language in New poetry Thereby, it

confirms: New Poetry is an artistic form of discourse different from other forms

of poetry discourse before and after

The dissertation has generalized the basic characteristics of artistic language in New poetry with such main manifestationss as: being very subjective, biasing to emotions, feelings, modernity and personality It has also proved that the innovation of artistic language in New poetry is the result of the process of absorbing and receiving the art quintessence of traditional poetry and the art quintessence of mankind’s poetry This is the product of the process of

exchange and acculturation

The dissertation has selected and exploited some typical levels of organizing artistic language texts in New poetry, such as: words, syntax and poem organization On this basis, it confirms the innovations , new breakthroughs and process of modernizing poetic language of poets of New

poetry generation

The results of the dissertation research contributes to confirm position

of New poetry in the process of modernizing Vietnam poetry Vietnamese language as well At the same time they are used to serve researching and

teaching of modern Vietnam literature

7 Dissertation composition

Besides preface, conclusion and reference, main content of this

dissertation consists of four chapters as follow:

Chapter 1: Overview of resarch situation

Chapter 2: New poetry – A new form of artistical communication

Chapter 3: Characteristics of the art of language use in New poetry

Chapter 4: Organizing texts concerning language use in New poetry

CONTENT

CHAPTER 1

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH SITUATION

Eighty years has passed by since it appeared, New poetry has been studied

in various angels The contributions of New poetry have increasingly been confirmed; researches on New poetry have constantly been increasing over time

However, in the literature review, we mainly focus on surveying the researching works, treaties and articles and related directly or almost directly to the topic of the dissertation Researches on the art of language use in New poetry, in our subjective opinion, can be generalized through the following stages:

1.1 Researches on the art of language use in New poetry at the stage

of 1932 - 1945

A lot of compliments and criticism have been made on New poetry right since its appearance, positive articles are seen along with negative ones These are remarkable articles:

- New poetry movement by Luu Trong Lu [184]

- New poetry,, New poetry of Nguyen Vy … by Le Trang Kieu [184]

- Vietnam poets by Hoai Thanh, Hoai Chan [172]

- Modern writers by Vu Ngoc Phan [136]

At this stage, the issue of artistic language use in New poetry was set, but

still “left open” by the writers of Vietnam poets

1.2 Researches on the art of language use in New poetry at the stage

of 1945 – 1985

The Issues of New poetry was reset Due to many reasons, View on New poetry at this stage was somewhat demanding Even the excellent representatives of New poetry were also strict with themselves However, the

assessments of art of language use in New poetry went into details and were clearer Generally, the study on New poetry was conducted in two opposite

directions in two regions of the country

In the north of Vietnam, researches on New poetry included are those of Phan Cu De [37], Bui Van Nguyen, Ha Minh Duc [125], Hoai Thanh [171]…

In the south of Vietnam, , oppinions on New poetry included are those of Pham Van Dieu [22], Thanh Lang [88], Nguyen Tan Long, Phan Canh [101],

Pham The Ngu [124]

An overview of this period points out that New poetry continues attracting the attention of researchers and literary critics The content and ideology of New poetry are strictly considered, but innovations of form, especially innovations in terms of language use of New poetry are confirmed However, researchers still limite to general, oriented and suggested comments

1.3 Researches on the art of language use in New poetry at the stage from 1986 up to now

Ever since the 6th National Congress of Vietnam Communist Party (1986), in the spirit of innovation in all fields, New poetry have also been considered and valued more objectively and scientifically The issue of New

poetry language continues to be discussed Typical are the following works:

- Reviewing a revolution in Poetry, edited by Huy Can - Ha Minh Duc [13];

- Vietnam poetry language, by Huu Dat [36];

- Lyrical poetry tone, by Nguyen Dang Diep [43];

- New poetry, the ups and downs, by Le Dinh Ky [86];

- Reviewing New poetry and prose of Self - supported Group of writers, edited by Tran Huu Ta, Nguyen Thanh Thi, Doan Le Giang [166]

Along with those stated above, the issue of language use in New poetry

was studied in the treatises, in the researches specialized on authors and works

[54], [59], [64], [76], [142], [151], [152], [199], [192], , in the dissertations [5], [29], [52], [75], [126], [145], [146], , in the M.A or M.S thesises [195], [196], , in the articles [68], [127],

Subsummary

According to research situation, the issue of art of language use in New

poetry has been cared for right since its appearance on poetry forum and has

received more and more attention Opinions on the art of language use in New

poetry are towards confirmation in some following aspects: First, the art of language use in New poetry has undergone fundamental changes from poetry language of “recited tone” to poetry language of “spoken tone”; Second, the structures of artistic language of New poetry are free and unbounded; Third, the

achievements on the aspect of art of language use in New poetry have helped to modernalize Vietnamese language

Respecting and inheriting achievements of predecessors, acquiring the scientific orientation, we continue to implement an all-sided and systematic

research on art of language use in New poetry Hopefully, the results of our

research will contribute to make clearer an important aspect marking the New poetry movement in the history of Vietnam poetry

CHAPTER 2: NEW POETRY – A NEW FORM OF

ARTISTICAL COMMUNICATION

2.1 Art of language use – a special form of communication

2.1.1 Concept language use and art of language use

2.1.1.1 Concept language use

“Language is expressed in the livid human communication through speech

of an individual, full of individual features impacting another one” [205, page 51]

However, in everyday life as well as in scientific writing style, art style language and languagr use are not sharply separated, in many cases they are interchangeable

From research purposes and objects of the dissertation, we think that it is necessary to have a clear distinction between the concepts language and language use:

1) When we say a language (langue) we mean a store of words with typical characteristics adapted by all the society, Language is a set of all units, means and combinations used in speech, such as: phonetics, vocabulary

2) Language use (parole) is personal speech with his or her own aesthetic

style used in communication However, imbued with linguists’ ideology, we

understand that the above distinction is not absolute because of dialectical relationship of the object itself

21.1.2 Concept art of language use

Art of language use: "Concept denotes kind of language used to express

the content of the works of art of language use (spoken words and written literature) In terms of materials, the means of anguage used in artistic language can be of no difference from the means of vocabulary, grammar, of popular language of all the people and of no difference from other factors: dialects, coloqual language and jargon "[70, p 1090 - 1091]

Artistic language is distinguished from other forms of language, such as:

pragmatic language, scientific language

Pragmatic language also called natural language, non-artistic language

(in order to distinguish with artistic language, also known as literary language)

is used in everyday life, as a means of social communication

Scientific language used in scientific fields, such as: scientific books and

newspapers, scientific researches in the speciality form (such as: inventions,

dissertations) or scientific stylistics books (such as: textbooks ) scientific language is used to construct the terminology, concepts and scientific results

Although it originated from and nourished by the people’s language,

natural language, artstic language has its distinctive characteristics

2.1.2 Characteristics of art of language use and art of poetry language use

2.1.2.1 Characteristics of art of language use

The traditional method determines characteristics of artistic language by quality With this approach we have listed the features and properties that artistic language can have, that is: image, detail, personalization, implicitness, accuracy, v.v

R Jacobson said: "Language should be studied in all the diversity of its functions" and we should be interested in the basic components made up a language event, an act of communication [149] Communication theory of R.Jakobson directed our attention to organization of poetry but limitations of R Jacobson were just to focus on organizing materials not pay attention to the relationship between materials organizing with those who use of the materials

to communicate

Discussing language, M Bakhtin also put language in communicative activities However, M Bakhtin is far more interested in the social and aesthetic

nature of language and considered dialogue as the primitive feature of speech

Bakhtin said that language used in dialogue as a lively repartee which was formed in the past interactive dialogue with other people's words on the subject; The language of dialogue is not only the collection of object , any speech is also intended to respond and inevitably affectd by the profound impact of the expected response [110, tr.87-101]

Thus, every dialogue also includes: words of speakers (words a people say), words of recipients (responses), object or expected response Communication activities are governed by the nature of dialogue and have

structure of characteristic dialogue

Theory of M.Bakhtin has turned attention to the social nature, aesthetics

of language and is somewhat close to the famous propositions in the theory of postmodernism that is represented by M Foucault

It can be said, when M Foucault introduces the concept of discourse (Discours), the social and aesthetic nature of literary language was "clearly a

step out" (Tran Dinh Su) According to the interpretation of M Foucault,

discourse is a form of expressing language of a large group of people in a social

situation, in a certain history In that social condition, the secret mechanism domonating language is the social consciousness, state of human knowledge, and mechanisms of social power The attention of M Foucault to system limitations, the limitations of language behavior is a new step in epistemology According to M Foucault, research oriented on structures accidentally stripped the conditions of forming and creating texts, making texts isolated as a static entity, and the factors creating the sense of the text are neglected [164]

Accordingly, each times will produce the corresponding discourse The

types of that discourse were of course subject to the provisions of the

"intellectual framework" and the culture of the times Literary language, from the perspective of discourse, is not "asleep" language in the dictionary but that contains and refracts many different strata of history, culture, society, religions, life relationships This was emphasized by Tran Dinh Su: "the discourse analysis in every society shows the internal logic, the secret mechanism dominating language, which is the social awareness, the state of human knowledge, and mechanisms of power in society "[158]

It can be seen from many angles and degrees of language researchers, poets have confirmed: the dialectical relationship between natural language and artistic language, in which artistic language is "restructuring" (Tran Dinh Su) from natural language in artistic principles

The development of knowledge about language, theory of language use, poetic language suggests, researches on artistic language are integral to the quality factor and the social nature of language In other words, artistic language should be evaluated as an artistic discouse, a special artistic form of communication

On the other hand, artistic language is also controlled by specific

category Each category represents a type of relationship to practical life and to

readers, which is a type of communication

2.1.2.2 Characteristics of art of language use in poetry

As far as type is concerned, poetry belongs to lyrical type, reality in poetry is that of mood The voice of poetry is the voice of sentimentality According to M Bakhtin: "Poetry language is the language of his." [110, p.115] Opinion of M Bakhtin emphasizes the subjective element of poetic language Kate Hamburger who surveyed poetic theory also said poetic discourse was different from everyday discourse and dramatic, epic discourses The difference is that it does not direct to the object extreme but subject extreme subject, to speech subject [80, 325-354]

The biggest difference between the poetry language and prose language is

in the way of organizing language In many criteria, the formalists think that characteristic signs to distinguish the language of prose with language of poetry

ar aspects of sound and rhythm structures

J.Tynianov defined poetry as a special structure characterized by the dependence of all the elements on priciple of rhythm