Reasons for selecting the topic "Construction and use of Cartography electronic textbook in education colleges in the North-Mountainous Region" is the researchtopic with the aim to const
Trang 11 Reasons for selecting the topic
"Construction and use of Cartography electronic textbook in
education colleges in the North-Mountainous Region" is the researchtopic with the aim to constantly improve the quality of training inCartography; to make contribution to the development of onlinetraining mode in education colleges in the North-MountainousRegion; to create equal learning opportunities for students inmountainous areas
2 Objectives and research tasks
2.1 Objectives
- To build Cartography electronic textbooks to serve universityteacher training in the North-Mountainous Region, according to thestandpoint of innovation in college teaching
- To organize the use of electronic textbooks for geography students
in education colleges in the North-Mountainous Region in their study
of Cartography unit
- To make contribution to innovation, quality improvement andeffectiveness of the training process for geography teachers ineducation colleges in the North-Mountainous Region
2.2 Tasks
- Determining standpoint, theoretical point with the aim to explainthe building process and organizing the use of Cartography electronictextbook; defining capability of building and organizing the use ofCartography electronic textbook in education colleges
- Building Cartography electronic textbook as well as the website foronline training (URL: http://www.daotaotructuyen.org); organizingsome teaching forms to actively use the electronic textbook ofCartography
- Pedagogical experiment and investigation of electronic textbookquality
3 Subject and scope of the research
- The subject of the research: Electronic texbook for online training
for Geography college students in education colleges in the Mountainous Region
Trang 2North The scope of the research: Building Cartography electronic
textbook for training secondary school teachers of Geography inseveral education colleges and some training units in the North-Mountainous Region
4 Overview of historical research
4.1 A brief history of research and development of Cartography
- A brief history of research and development of Cartography in theworld;
- A brief history of research and development of Cartography inVietnam
4.2 Summary of research and development of online training
- Summary of research and development of online training in theworld;
- Summary of research and development of online training inVietnam
4.3 The formulation and use of Cartography electronic texbook in the online training at the Pedagogical Colleges in Vietnam
- Can Tho University: Supporting system for teaching and learning "
Cartography", Website: http://lms.ctu.edu.vn;
- Hanoi University of Education: Overview of Cartography textbook,
Trang 3- Method of investigation, observation and pedagogical experiment.
- Method of using modern teaching technology
- Method of summarizing experiences
- Method of statistical maths
6 New contributions of the thesis
- Defining the connection between Map Science – Online Training –
Learner as beneficiary, compare the two training modalities: traditional and
online with the aim to build the optimal mode for teaching Cartography
- Building the electronic textbook of Cartography with new structuredprogram that meet training requirements of the credit-based system,additional content of modern knowledge, rich document systems, visualelectronic lecture system, teaching-learning activities and learningmanagement system online
- Organizing the use of Cartography electronic textbook forgeography students in education colleges in the NothernMountainous Region; applying some active teaching methods fromexploiting Cartography electronic textbook
- Deploying of teaching experiment, quality investigation ofelectronic textbook
7 The structure of the thesis
Apart from the Introduction, Conclusions, List of published
works, References, Appendixes; the content includes 3 chapters:
Chapter 1: Basis of theory and practice of the research topic Chapter 2: Building and use of Cartography electronic textbook Chapter 3: Pedagogical experiment
Trang 4Chapter 1 BASIS OF THEORY AND PRACTICE
OF THE RESEARCH TOPIC 1.1 Cartography in bachelor program of geography for educators according to credit-based system
1.1.1 Overview of Cartography
- Definition of Cartography: "Art, Science and Technology for setting
up a map, along with the results of research in this field as the science documents and art works In that context, all types of maps, diagrams, charts and other indication forms, three-dimensional model and the sphere that represents the Earth or any celestial bodies, in any proportion, can be included"
- Study subjects of Cartography: Geographic maps and other cartographic
products
- The mission of Cartography: studying the spatial structure,reflecting the rules of geographical space system of phenomena,natural objects, Social Economic in terms of distribution, correlationand development process
- Structure of Map Science: Basic theory of the map; Mathematics for
mapping; Map design and mapping; Map presentation; Print map; UseMap; Economics organization of map production; Textbook of maps
1.1.2 Some regulations of training in higher education under the credit-based system
1.1.2.1 Essentials in higher education program
- Higher education program represent higher education target,
regulating standards of knowledge, skills, scope and structure ofhigher education content, methods and forms of training, methods ofevaluation the training results for each module, discipline, traininglevel of higher education
- The program is built on the basis of the frame curriculum issued bythe Minister of Education and Training
1.1.2.2 The concept of training under the credit-based system: is the
training method in which students actively choose to study each module
to separately accumulate each subject, progress to complete the entiretraining program
Trang 51.1.2.3 Training programs under credit-based system: represents
higher education target, regulating standards of knowledge, skills,scope and structure of higher education content, methods and forms
of training, methods of evaluation the training results
1.1.2.4 Modulse and credits
1.1.2.5 Evaluation of the learning results
1.1.3 Bachelor training program in geography for educators under credit-based system
1.1.3.1 Training Objectives: Include the goal of knowledge and skills
- Cartography is a compulsory subject of Knowledge Base
- Compulsory class-time periods: 60 (In which: Theory: 45, Practice:
30), Self-study: 120
- Provide necessary knowledge for teaching geography in schoolsand help students learn other subjects better
1.2 Some basic teaching issues in higher education
1.2.1. The concept of teaching process in higher education is a
dynamic balancing system consists of three basic elements: scientificknowledge, teaching and learning activities
1.2.2 The purpose of teaching at universities is to develop the
competence of creative activities for students at high levels; to formatecapacity of accessing issues; to equip with knowledge, culture, basicskills, managing & organizing abilities
1.2.3 Teaching duties in higher education is to equip with the
scientific knowledge system, development, to exercise creativecapacity, to form modern scientific methodology
1.2.4 The nature of the teaching process in higher education is a
unique process of awareness of the research student
1.2.5 Teaching method in higher education is activity manner,
sequence of coordination and interaction between teacher and learner
in order to implement successfully teaching and learning tasks
Trang 61.2.6 Teaching facilities in university are the tools that teachers and
students use in teaching process in order to form concepts, to traintehniques & skills for students
1.3 Electronic Textbook
1.3.1 The concept of electronic textbooks
Electronic Textbook (GTDT) is a form of learning material, it is compiled on the basis of application of ICT progress in the audio, video and computer networks The content of GTDT is subdivided into units of knowledge and are scientifically arranged by hyperlinks Teaching methods are clearly presented in each unit of knowledge, with special emphasis on self-study method of learning.
1.3.2 Necessary requirements of the electronic textbooks
- Content: Must be complete, at least as detailed as printed textbooks
- The form: Need to coordinate documents, presentations (video,PowerPoint , ) of the necessary parts The exercises, tests should bearranged by chapter, by each topic or general article, according todifferent levels of difficulty
1.3.3 The significance of of electronic textbooks
Ability to combine teaching facilities; Increased interaction betweenstudents and tools; improve motivation for learning, personalresponse, enhanced self-reliance, create personal learningenvironment of learners; diverse & rich document links, The role ofthe teacher in teaching using electronic textbooks towards a positivechange, repetitive nature of the Multimedia can replace the teacher in
a certain amount of time
1.4 Some basic issues of online training
1.4.1 The concept of online training: Online training is a type of
training with the aim to implement the teaching & learningobjectives, in which there is a direct interaction between teachers andlearners as well as learning community conveniently through ICT
1.4.2 The components of online training
1.4.2.1 System for building the lecture content is the product used to
support teachers to build online lecture content (CAS)
1.4.2.2 System for online learning management is the system used
to create, store, synthesize, and distribute online training content as
learning objects (LMS)
Trang 71.4.3 The standards of online training
1.4.3.1 The standard definition
"Standards are written agreements containing technical specifications
or other precise criteria to be used consistently as rules, guidelines,
or definitions of characteristics, to ensure that materials, products, processes and services fit their purposes"
1.4.3.2 Online training standards: packing standard; information
exchange standard; quality standard
1.4.3.3 The need for standards in the online training: Accessibility,
convertibility, adaptability, ability to reuse, sustainability, rationality
1.5 The current status of teaching Cartography in education colleges in the North-Mountainous Area
1.5.1 An overview of geography student at the education colleges in the North-Mountainous Area
- Synthesis of student data: Total number of students surveyed: 1338,
in which: Ethnic minority students: 662 (make up 49%); Students in particularly difficult areas: 439 (up 32,8 %); Students through
nomination and selection system, joint training, and “learning by
doing ": 677 (up 50,6 %).
- The relationship between psychological characteristics of the students, quality of admission and teaching Cartography:
+ Advantages: Students eager to learn, have practical experience, should
be easy to connect from theory to reality, less dominated by the effects ofexternal social;
+ Disadvantages: Admission to geography is block C, so the "input"
knowledge might not meet the subject’s requirement Level of IT of thestudents is weak, the economic ground is low
1.5.2 Assessment of the students’ actual learning and the need of innovation of teaching methods
- Current status: it is common that the students take notes in the
class, not proactive, not regular contact with teachers, not participate
in the activities such as seminars, workshops, scientific research, hasnot yet involved in writing of articles, nor online learning
The needs for innovation of learning methods: Need to communicate,
to participate in activities such as seminars, workshops, study groups,
research, , and participation in online learning on the Internet.
Trang 81.6 Oriented reform of teaching method for Cartography at the pedagogical colleges in the North-Mountainous Region
1.6.1 Scientific basis of innovative teaching methods at the colleges of pedagogy:
The innovation of teaching methods in education colleges aims topromote active, positive, and creative roles of the students in theirlearning process at pedagogical colleges and in teaching at schools
1.6.2 Orientations and measures to improve organizational forms and methods of teaching at the colleges of Pedagogy
Teaching methods should highly promote positive, independent, andcreative students, make contribution to practising skills for students.Learning methods of students consistent with the scientific researchmethod Improvement of the testing & evaluation system ofknowledge and skills Construction and optimal use of the conditionsand teaching facilities, especially ICT
1.6.3 Orientation of teaching Cartography at the pedagogical colleges in the North-Mountainous Region
The form of combining traditional classroom teaching with online teachinghas different levels:
+ Level 1: Traditional classroom teaching in parallel with the study
on the Internet.
+ Level 2: Teaching several modules on the Internet.
+ Level 3: Teaching some study units on the Internet.
- Teaching Cartography at level 1: teaching the class plays a key
role
1.7 Determining the relationship between components in teaching Cartography at the pedagogical colleges in the North-
Mountainous Region (Figure 1.3)
Figure 1.3 Diagram of relationship between the components
in building Cartography teaching mode
Trang 9Chapter 2 BUILDING AND USE OF ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK
OF CARTOGRAPHY 2.1 Common issues in building Cartography electronic textbook
2.1.1 Objectives of building the electronic textbook of Cartography
- Training Geography teachers for secondary school
- Teaching to meet the modern trend, towards the target of lifelonglearning, building a learning society;
- Improving the effectiveness of learning Cartography, creating a
modern learning environment, equality for students in mountainous
areas, opening a direction of teaching via the Internet;
- Helping students to effectively use information technology tools,selecting & seeking information, actively planning and findingappropriate learning methods
2.1.2 Properties of the electronic textbook of Cartography
2.1.2.1 Scientific property: Ensuring the Cartology Science content
according to the framework program issued by the Ministry ofEducation and Training, and supplemented with modern knowledge
2.1.2.2 Inheritability: Inheritance of the Cartography textbooks that
have been used before
2.1.2.3 Pedagogical property: Integrated in electronic textbook the
positive teaching methods Suitable to students, consistent with thepurposes and requirements of the training process
2.1.2.4 Aesthetic property: Electronic textbook meets the art
requirements of the courses content, and expressed in the appeal form
2.1.3 Principles for building Cartography electronic textbook:
Combination of factors: Map science Pedagogical property Modern technique, that are consistent with the real situation of thestudents and the education colleges in the region
-2.1.4 Tasks of building electronic textbook of Cartography:
Positively innovate of teaching method, exploit the most activeness,creativeness & initiative of students, applying of ICT progress inteaching Cartography
2.1.5 Criteria of building Cartography electronic textbook:
Clear learning objectives, accuracy of content, detailed; clear &logical structure; the process of learning is expressed through specificactivities, ensuring multi-dimensional interactions between the
Trang 10teacher - student, diverse resource of learning materials, reasonableand updated, user-friendly interface, easy to use,
2.1.6 Some computer software used to build electronic textbook of Cartography
2.1.6.1 Software E-Learning XHTML Editor is an open source
software, and is used to build lectures (CAS), it is intuitive and easy
to use It provides the posibility for web publishing, easily reference
or integrate into the standard LMS compatible system
2.1.6.2 Software Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle): is an information system, open source,
managing the teaching activities (Learning Management System
-LMS), creating courses on the Internet Moodle's main functions:
Management (Web, users, courses); resources (lectures, document,
videos, ); online activities ("Chat", forum, testing, assessment,
survey, )
2.1.6.3 Software PowerPoint: is a means of visual presentation, and
is very effective in the process of teaching - learning
2.1.6.4 Software Macromedia Captivate is specialized software for
creating interactive way and simulation as Flash animation (SWF)and EXE
2.2 Building Cartography electronic textbook
2.2.1 Design the outlines of Cartography electronic textbook
Credits: 4; Total class-time periods: 60, in which: Theory: 45; Practice: 30; Self-study: 120 (as shown in the Table 2.2).
Table 2.2 Program structure of Cartography
Chapter
No.
Theory Practice Self-study
1 1 Cartography and geographical maps 4 0 8
2 2-4 Mathematical basis of the map 8 6 22
Trang 11Example: Chapter 3: Cartographic language
2.2.2.1 Overview of the cartographic language
Cartographic language shows specific space of objects(phenomena) in the objective reality and its changes over time.Expression of cartographic language is the notation on the map
The basic function of language map:
- Displaying category (meaning) of the objects (phenomena);
- Reflecting the position and spatial relationships of objects(phenomena);
- Expressing the quantitative & qualitative characteristics, changesover time of the object (phenomenon)
2.2.2.2 Cartographic symbols
- Cartographic symbol is a means to express the information content
of the map, which shows the level of generalizion of the map content
- Cartographic symbol is the notation system that has its own uniquestructure, consisting of two components: the content (meaning), form(graphic nature)
- Cartographic symbol is constructed from six types of graphic elements:shape, size, orientation, color, brightness, and texture
- Characteristics of the Cartographic symbols: The content,information, aesthetic, technical, and application
- The key factors: syntax, semantic and pragmatic of the notation system.
2.2.2.3 Methods of map manifestation
- The method of symbols
- The method of line symbol
- The method of motion symbol
- Themethod of sum quantity
- The method of quality background
- The method of localization (regional distribution);
- The method of scoring
- The method of contour line
- The method of position chart
- The method of Cartodiagram
- The method of Cartogram
* Notes in identification of methods of map expression
2.2.2.4 The colors in the map
Trang 12- The role of color on a map: to increase the amount of information,
rich content, increasing the ability to distinguish, readability,aesthetic, spatial, hierarchical classification of objects; to expressquantitative & qualitative features of the objects (phenomena)
- The theory of color: There are two types of color: colored color,
colorless color The fundamental properties of colored color: color,
brightness, saturation.
2.2.2.5 Letters and notes on the map
* Purpose and meaning of words and notes on the map
- Are important components on a map, explaining the map content
- Writing (notes) on a map is divided into groups: name of thegeographical objects, notes of characteristics of the object, explainationnotes
- Characteristics of the note text: Contrast, brightness, width, shape,word direction, size, style
- Properties of the note text on map: clearly readable, universal,boldness, and art
2.2.3 Building content " packages" of Cartography by eXe software
Example: Chapter 3: Cartographic language
2.2.3.1 Building the "Objectives"
- Theoretical objectives: Understand the characteristics of the method
of map display corresponding to the group, type of object on theactual use; apply in the mapping and use; theory of color, usingcolored colors on the map
- Skill objectives: Identify and analyze the methods of map
indication, build simple map symbols; Improve aesthetics, art forstudents
- Enter the "Objectives": using iDevice Objective
2.2.3.2 Building outline "tree" (headings)
- Use Outline: Adding a branch, changing a branch, deleting a
branch, changing the location of branches
2.2.3.3 Entering content
- Enter the text as plain text using iDevice Free Text.
- Import images using iDevice Image with text
- After entering the content into eXe, pack it coform SCORMpackaging standard
Trang 132.2.4 Application of Moodle software to develop management system and online teaching activities in Cartography electronic textbook
2.2.4.1 General information about the Cartography electronic textbook: Name, content summary of textbook; some information
about the author, distribution table of the learning program,announcement of the schedule, requirements of study for learner(Figure 2.31)
2.2.4.2 Student management: The purpose is to manage students in
courses, including student lists, personal information of students in eachclass (or group)
2.2.4.3 Building textbook resources
Building Textbook Resources containing the content of Cartographystudy unit
a) Putting the package Cartography content into Moodle: The
content packages posted to the Moodle system by typing
manipulation of content input
b) Building electronic lectures of and put into Moodle
* Building electronic lectures includes the following steps: identifying
the basic issues, gather resources, complement, expand knowledge,build script, script shows, checking, editing products
* Putting electronic lectures into Moodle
2.2.4.4 Create links to reference material:
Actions: Home page → Add a resource → Link to a file or a website
→ Select and download a file / website (find the file/ website or
document to download), write the document title, document summary
→ save the changes.
2.2.4.5 Building and management of learning forum
- Forum is the place to raise and discuss topics (questions)
- The features of the forum: students search for information in forums,write and read articles in the forum, reply to a (group of) people, send
attached files in Word, Excel, PowerPoint, format, provide statistic
figures on all posts to forums, sending exchange E-mail
- The possibility of online training: Stimulate information sharing,relevant to exchange of unorthodox information; creating excitementfor students through a discussion of the content in the electronictextbook
2.2.4.6 Using "Chat" tool