Phần 18 KHÓA ĐÀO TẠO TÍNH TOÁN ỔN ĐỊNH VÀ ỨNG DỤNG TRÊN PHẦN MỀM PSSE CHO KỸ SƯ HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN (Mô hình đường dây Siêu cao áp HVDC trên Phần mềm PSSE)

Phần 18 KHÓA ĐÀO TẠO TÍNH TOÁN ỔN ĐỊNH VÀ ỨNG DỤNG TRÊN PHẦN MỀM PSSE CHO KỸ SƯ HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN (Mô hình đường dây Siêu cao áp HVDC trên Phần mềm PSSE)• HVDC Configurations• HVDC Static Characteristics • Equivalent HVDC Model in Load Flow• Complete HVDC Model in Load Flow

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A Division of Global Power

POWER SYSTEM STABILITY CALCULATION TRAINING

D 8 HVDC Si l ti P t 1 Day 8 - HVDC Simulation Part 1

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OUTLINE OUTLINE

• HVDC Configurations

• HVDC Static Characteristics

• Equivalent HVDC Model in Load Flow

• Complete HVDC Model in Load Flow

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HVDC CONFIGURATIONS eBook for You

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Monopolar Configuration with Ground p g

Return

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Monopolar Configuration with Metallic p g

Return

transmission if earth return is not allowed

and with one healthy pole

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Monopolar Configuration with Midpoint p g p

Grounded

system with metallic return

current is not allowed

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Bipolar Configuration with Ground p g

Return

converters

current and low transmission losses

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Bipolar Configuration with Metallic p g

Return

current and low transmission losses

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Back to Back Configuration

Back-to-Back Configuration

networks

geographical location

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Basic Rectifier Static Characteristics

With HVDC transmission, one terminal sets the

DC voltage level while the other regulates the DC

current

Since the DC line resistance is low, large changes

in current (and power) can be made with relatively ( p ) y

small changes in firing angle

Two methods to control DC output voltage

 B h i th ti b t th DC lt d th

 By changing the ratio between the DC voltage and the

AC voltage by varying the delay angle α

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Basic Rectifier Static Characteristics

Current is kept constant with voltage variation by varying the firing angle

AB: alpha min

BC: constant current

characteristic

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Basic Rectifier/Inverter Static

Characteristics

90°(extinction angle γ)

AB: alpha min

BC XC: constant current

Characteristic

XY: gamma min

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Basic Requirements of the Converter q

Control System

Normally operated in DC current control

If the rectifier’s AC terminal voltage is insufficient,

the rectifier will operate with alpha min control

Normally operated in constant gamma control

If the rectifier is unable to deliver the required DC

current, the inverter will operate with the DC

current control

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Control System

AB: alpha min

OP: operating point

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Control System

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Firing Angle Characteristics

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Extinction Angle Characteristics

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DC Power Characteristics

a disproportionate change in DC current

order (due to variation in DC voltage)

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Reactive Power Characteristics

power consumed by the converters is

increased as well

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Short Circuit Level Requirements

Short-Circuit Level Requirements

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Short Circuit Level Requirements

Short-Circuit Level Requirements

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Reactive Power

power at both ends

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Add synchronous condensers with high inertia to

strengthen the bus

Use Voltage-Source Converters (VSC)

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Example 1: Four Bus System

Example 1: Four-Bus System

“HVDC test1.sav”

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Rectifier

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Inverter

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

d SC SC

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(300MVA)

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00 3

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Two Terminal DC Line

Two-Terminal DC Line

Pdc_r: DC power on the rectifier side

Pdc_i: DC power on the inverter side

Vdc_r: DC voltage on the rectifier side

Vdc_i: DC voltage on the inverter side

Qdc_r: Reactive power generated at the rectifier

Qdc_i: Reactive power generated at the inverter

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Two-Terminal DC Line

V : AC voltage on the rectifier side

Vr : AC voltage on the rectifier side

Vi : AC voltage on the inverter side

Rdcdc : Resistance of the DC line

X : Reactance of the HVDC transformer

α : Rectifier firing angle

γ : Inverter firing angle

Vac_r : AC voltage on the rectifier system side

Vac_i : AC voltage on the inverter system side

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TR_r : Transformer turn ratio on rectifier side

TR i : Transformer turn ratio on inverter side

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tx

X dX

P Q

dX

S _

11

r dc r

dc

V T

V V

dX

P dX

Q

_

_ 2

_

2

1cos

r dc dc

Lr ac

r R r

V X X

P I

V

T dX

V

2 _

_

cos35

.1

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P R

I V

dc dc

dc r

dc i

dc

X dX

dX

P S

I V

P R

I V

V

_ _

2cos

R i

dc i

dc

V

V T

P dX

Q

dX

_ _

dc

Li ac

V V

V dX

2 _

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 523 06 MVA S



77287

76.216

06.523

_

r dc

r tx

kV V

MVAr Q

MVA S



291

91356

0

77.287

_

d

r R r

kA I

T

kV V





 20.5817

29.1

_ r

dc

X

kA I

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02.407

_

i tx

i dc

MVA S

MW P



15066

1

95.212

_

i R

i dc

T

MVAr Q

_ i

i

X

kV V

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PSS®E Model

Line Name: Non-blank alphanumeric identifier

assigned to this DC line

Control Mode: 0 for blocked, 1 for power, 2 for

current

Rdc-Ohm: The DC line resistance entered in

Rdc Ohm: The DC line resistance entered in

ohms

Vschedule: Scheduled compounded DC voltage

t d i kVentered in kV

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PSS®E Model

Rcmp-Ohm: Compounding resistance entered in

ohms To determine where the voltage should be

equal to Vschedule To control Vdci set Rcmp to

equal to Vschedule To control Vdci, set Rcmp to

zero To control Vdcr, set Rcmp to Rdc

Setval: Current (A) or power demand (MW)( ) p ( )

Delti: Margin entered in pu of desired DC power

or current This is the fraction by which the order is

reduced when Alpha is at its minimum and the

inverter is controlling the line current

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PSS®E Model

Dcvmin: Minimum compounded DC voltage

entered in kV Only used in constant gamma

operation, when TAPI is held constant and an AC p ,

transformer tap is adjusted to control DC voltage

Vcmode: Mode switch DC voltage entered in kV

When the inverter DC voltage falls below this

value and the line is in power control mode, the

line switches to current control mode

Metered: Metered end for either rectifier or

inverter

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Max Firing Angle: Maximum alpha for rectifier

and maximum gamma for inverter

Min Firing Angle: Minimum alpha for rectifier and

minimum gamma for inverter

Bridges in Series: Number of bridges in series

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Commutating Resistance: Commutating

transformer resistance per bridge

Commutating Reactance : Commutating

transformer reactance per bridgep g

Measuring Bus: The firing angle and angle limits

are adjusted by the difference between the phase

angles at this bus and the AC/DC interface

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PSS®E Model

Trans Ratio: Entered transformer ratio

Tap Setting: Tap setting set by the program

Max Tap Setting: Maximum rectifier or inverter

tap setting

Min Tap Setting: Minimum rectifier or inverter tap p g p

setting

Tap Step: Steps between each tap

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QUESTIONS?

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