Phần 8 KHÓA ĐÀO TẠO TÍNH TOÁN ỔN ĐỊNH VÀ ỨNG DỤNG TRÊN PHẦN MỀM PSSE CHO KỸ SƯ HỆ THỐNG ĐIỆN (Lựa chọn Bộ Điều Tốc trong mô phỏng ổn định và mô hình Điều tốc trên Phần mềm PSSE)

LỰA CHỌN BỘ ĐIỀU TỐC TRONG MÔ PHỎNG ỔN ĐỊNH VÀ MÔ ĐIỀU TỐC TRÊN PHẦN MỀM PSSE.NỘI DUNG CHÍNH PHẦN 8 (Selection of Governors): 1. Types of Governors. 2. Governors Models in PSS®E. 3. Identification of Typical Governors.

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TRANSMISSION &

DISTRIBUTION

A Division of Global Power

POWER SYSTEM STABILITY CALCULATION TRAINING

D 3 S l ti f G Day 3 - Selection of Governors

November 20, 2013 Prepared by: Mohamed El Chehaly

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2

OUTLINE

• Types of Governors

• Governors Models in PSS®E

• Identification of Typical Exciters eBook for You

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3

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Introduction

 The turbine-governor models are

designed to give representations of the

effects of power plants on power system

stabilityy

 Models are not intended to be used in

studies of the detailed behavior of

individual plants

 Because of the wide variety of individual

turbine controls, the principal effects of

governors (steam turbine, gas turbine,

nuclear and hydro plants) are

represented

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Principle Scheme of Speed Governors

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Steam Turbine

 Steam generation involves the creation of

pressurised steam which is used to

rotate a turbine that is coupled to the

rotor of a synchronous generator

 Steam boilers convert the thermal energy

from the combustion of fuels into steam

 The focus will be on the steam turbine

speed governor control

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Hydraulic Turbine

 Action (impulse-type) turbines

 Potential energy of water is converted into

pressure and then into kinetic energy by passing

pressure and then into kinetic energy by passing through nozzles

 The high velocity jets of water hit spoon-shaped

buckets

 Used for large level differences (300m or

greater)

 Represented by Pelton water-wheel, Turgo

turbines and Cross-flow turbines

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 Reaction turbines

 The entire flow from the headwater to tailwater

takes place in a closed circuit conduit system

 Extract power from the kinetic energy of water

 Require large water flows to produce significant

amount of power

 Rotation speed is lower than with impulse turbines

 Represented by radial-flow Francis turbines,

axial-flow Kaplan turbines with adjustable runner

blades, axial-flow propeller turbines with fixed

runner blades and diagonal flow Deriaz turbines

with adjustible runner blades

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 Francis turbine (up to 360m)

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 Can be used as a simple-cycle single

shaft gas turbine

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Gas Turbine

 Simple-cycle single shaft gas turbine

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Turbine Governor Data

Turbine-Governor Data

 All turbine-governor data should be

 All turbine governor data should be

specified on the same base used for the

generator

g

 The turbine damping factor Dturb is equal

to ∂Pturbine/∂Speed in per unit on a base

equal to unit rating

 The turbine damping is zero for steam,

nuclear and gas turbines

 Its value lies between 0 and 0.5 p.u for

hydro turbines

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Generic Model for all Types of

yp Governors

 General purpose turbine-governor model

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Generic Model for all Types of

yp Governors

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Steam Turbine Models

the reheater time constant effect

developed by the high pressure turbine

 R is the permanent droop

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 Fast valving model of a steam turbine that

represents governor action, a reheat time constant

and the effect of fast valve closing to reduce

mechanical power

 K is the fraction of the turbine power that is

developed by the turbine sections not involved in

the fast valving

power falls off after closure of the intercept valve

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 Unique model where the user must supply the

initiation time for fast valving to begin

 Two methods to do this

By using the activity ALTR to change VAR(L+1) to the value of time required

By adding a statement in CONEC For example a user

By adding a statement in CONEC For example, a user wishes fast valving to begin when generator speed

deviation exceeds 0.01 pu

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 Model

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 IEEEG1

 IEEE recommended general model for steam

turbine speed governing systems

 By using the appropriate choice of parameters,

this model can be used to represent a variety of

steam turbine systems including nonreheat,

tandem compound and cross-compound types

 Can be used to model hydro turbines as well

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 IEEEG1

 Non-reheat

 Tandem compound single reheat

 Tandem compound double reheat

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 IEEEG1

 Cross-compound single reheat

 Cross-compound double reheat

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 IEEEG1

 Typical parameters

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 Modification of IEEEG1 and PTI recommended

model for fast valving studies

 Same definitions used for IEEEG1 can be used

maximum pressure in the reheat stage (generally

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 Model

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Hydro Turbine Models

 Hydraulic system representation

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 Linear models

 Linear models assume the following

penstock/turbine transfer function

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 Linear models

deviations of frequency and gate position that are

typical in large power systems

 They require that the user recalculate the value of

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 Represents a straightforward hydro electric plant

governor with a simple hydraulic representation of

the penstock with unrestricted head race and tail

race and no surge tank

range of hydro turbine operation from no load to

maximum gate opening

 The model is also valid for large speed deviations

and can be used to simulate load rejection

overspeed conditions

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 The model is valid for mechanical governors

(Woodward, English Electric…) and for

electrohydraulic governors (ASEA)

 The permanent droop R and temporary droop r

 The velocity limit VELM is the reciprocal of the

time taken for the gates to move from fully open to

fully closed

 The maximum gate limit GMAX is equal to the

gate limit setting as established by the operator

(cannot exceed 1 pu)

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 The minimum gate position is normally zero

maintain the rated speed wit the unit offline

(expressed in pu)

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 Model

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 IEEEG2 and IEEEG3

 Linear representation of hydro turbine speed

governing systems

 In some cases, where data is obtainable, these

models are preferred over IEEEG1 for hydro

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 IEEEG2

 Model and typical parameters

Approximate linear model for Hydroturbines

Speed-governing system

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 IEEEG2

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Gas Turbine Models

 Represents the principal dynamic characteristic of

industrial gas turbines

 Speed variations from nominal are expected to be

small (±5%)

 The model consists of a forward path with

governor time constant T and a combustion

 The load limit is sensitive to turbine exhaust

temperature

 T represents the time constant of the exhaust gas

measuring system

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 The ambient temperature load limit A should be

set to unity when the turbine is operating at design

ambient temperature At a higher ambient

temperature, it should be set to a lower value

 The load reference VAR(L) is set equal to shaft

power PMECH at initialization

speed damping introduced by the gas turbine rotor

 The maximum fuel valve opening VMAX is an

operational control

 The ambient temperature load limit is a turbine

design parameter

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IDENTIFICATION OF TYPICAL

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Ca Mau Steam Governor

 Model used for actual plant

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Ca Mau Steam Governor

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1 -1 1 0 0.3 0.21 0 10

0

10 0.33

0.6

0

0 0 0.46

0 0

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Ca Mau Steam Governor Testing

 Governor Response Simulation

40 35

30 25

20 15

10 5

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Ca Mau Steam Governor Testing

 Governor Response Simulation

 PMECH reaches a value close to 0 9 (0 44%)

40 35

30 25

20 15

10 5

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QUESTIONS?

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