vocabulary in use pre intermediate & intermediate

vocabulary in use pre intermediate & intermediate tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớn v...

pre-intermediate &

intermediate

Stuart Redman

English Vocabulary

in Use

The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK

40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011–4211, USA

477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia

Ruiz de Alarcón 13, 28014 Madrid, Spain

Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Africa

http://www.cambridge.org

© Cambridge University Press, 1997, 2003

This book is in copyright Subject to statutory exception

and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,

no reproduction of any part may take place without

the written permission of Cambridge University Press

First published 1997

Typeface Sabon 10/12pt System QuarkXPress® [OD&I]

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Introduction vi

Learning

1 Learning and revising with this book have a routine, revision, say the word aloud

2 Keeping a vocabulary notebook record, the most important thing is …

3 Using a dictionary look up a word, guess the meaning

4 English language words adjective, phrasal verb, question mark

5 Classroom language board pen, share a book, swap places

Word formation

6 Prefixes un-, in-, im-,

dis-7 Noun suffixes -ment, -ity, -ness, -tion

8 Adjective suffixes -able, -ive, -al, -y

9 Nouns and verbs with the same form guess/to guess, kiss/to kiss, rest/to rest

10 Compound nouns traffic light, tin opener, credit card, film star

11 Compound adjectives easy-going, well-known, part-time

Phrase building

12 Collocation (word partners) miss the bus, a soft drink, fast asleep

13 Idioms and fixed expressions never mind, go ahead, take it in turns

14 Verb or adjective + preposition depend on, belong to, interested in

15 Preposition + noun by train, on the radio, in a hurry

16 Apologies, excuses and thanks sorry I’m late, I got held up, thanks a lot

17 Requests, invitations and suggestions Could you …? How about …? if you like

18 Opinions, agreeing and disagreeing What do you think of …? a brilliant idea

19 Likes, preferences and interests I quite like, and that sort of thing, I’d rather

20 Frequently asked questions How’s it going? What’s the matter?

21 Common responses I hope so, that sounds great, what a shame

22 Greetings, farewells and special expressions Nice to meet you, see you soon, good luck

23 Phrasal verbs (1): form and meaning wake up, find out, run out of sth

24 Phrasal verbs (2): grammar and style take sth off, grow up, break down

25 Have and have got have a rest, I’ve got a headache, have a look

26 Make, do and take make a mistake, do homework, take a photo

27 Give, keep, break, see give sb a ring, break a record, I see

28 Leave, catch and let leave a message, catch a bus, let sb know

29 Get: uses and expressions get dressed, get married, get on with

30 Go: uses and expressions go for a drink, have a go, go deaf

31 The senses it looks nice, it feels like wool, don’t touch

32 Partitives: a bag of …, a bit of … a cup of coffee, a bit of luck, a pair of shoes

Parts of speech (special problems)

33 Uncountable nouns and plural nouns information (U), trousers (pl)

34 Verbs + -ing form or infinitive enjoy + -ing, refuse + infinitive

35 Verb patterns advise him to go …, suggest (that) we leave

36 Adjectives boring or bored, big or enormous

37 Prepositions: place at the bus stop, on the floor, past the castle

38 Adverbs: frequency and degree I rarely go, I quite often drive, rather good

Connecting and linking

39 Time and sequence as soon as, while, eventually

40 Addition and contrast as well, although, however

41 Similarities, differences, comparisons, exceptions very similar, compared with, apart from

42 Reason, purpose, result, condition so, because of, so that, therefore, unless

Topics

The world around us

43 The physical world round the world, Sahara Desert, floods

44 Weather heavy rain, a strong wind, lightning

45 Animals and insects pets, elephants, in the wild, protect

46 Countries, nationality and language Poland, the Far East, the French, in general

People

47 The body and what it can do elbow, neck, breathe in, shake hands

48 Describing people’s appearance good-looking, tall and slim, fair hair

49 Describing character shy, show your feelings, a sense of humour

50 Human feelings and actions angry, proud of, glance at, have a stroll

51 Family and friends mother-in-law, close friend, ex-husband

52 Ages and stages childhood, go to university, in your twenties

Daily life

53 Daily routines fall asleep, have a shower, get to work

54 The place where you live right in the centre, on the first floor, rent

55 Around the home (1) spare room, lamp, cupboard, turn on the TV

56 Around the home (2) pillows, have a wash, do the ironing

57 Everyday problems spill, out of order, run out of bread

58 Money £10 note, lend and borrow, can’t afford

59 Health: illness I don’t feel well, flu, I get backache

60 Health: physical injuries break an arm, go to hospital, painful

61 Clothes skirt, earrings, put on a coat, too small

62 Shops and shopping go shopping, department store, cash desk

63 Food peach, peel an orange, lamb, salad dressing

64 Cooking and restaurants fresh bread, medium-rare, main course

65 City life the rush hour, shopping centre, lively

66 Life in the country rural area, on a farm, the nearest village

67 On the road main road, turn left, break down

68 Transport get on the bus, go by car, platform two

Work

69 Work: duties, pay and conditions What do you do?, deal with, salary

70 Jobs surgeon, design buildings, in the army

71 The career ladder apply for a job, pay rise, work abroad

Leisure and entertainment

74 Sport: ball games table tennis, pass the ball, win a game

75 Sport and leisure swimming, go to the gym, support a team

76 Cinema and theatre stage, third row, war film, violent, gripping

77 Music composer, lead singer, hit single, latest CD

Communication and technology

78 Newspapers daily paper, headline, according to …

79 Television switch over, soap opera, What’s on TV?

80 On the phone mobile phone, wrong number, Is that Mary?

81 Computers and the Internet hard disk, download, get online, browse

Social concerns

82 Education: school primary school, geography, pass an exam

83 Education: university engineering, do a degree, graduate, PhD

84 Law and order illegal, break the law, arrest someone, guilty

85 Crime shoplifting, robbery, late at night, valuables

86 Politics believe in democracy, left-wing, election

87 Bureaucracy identity card, fill in, signature, date of birth

88 Global problems pollution, destroy the planet, civil war

Tourism

89 Air travel check-in desk, land, a two-hour delay

90 Hotels and restaurants single room, pay the bill, Is dinner included?

91 A sightseeing holiday in the city have a look round, guidebook, nightlife

92 Holidays by the sea seaside resort, sunbathe, sandy beach

Notional concepts

93 Time on Monday, since May, it takes an hour

94 Numbers two million, one and a half, divide by three

95 Distance, size and dimension a long way, too far, How wide is it?

96 Shapes, colours and patterns a round table, a dark green skirt, yellowish

Varieties of English

97 Notices and warnings sold out, no exit, mind the step, no parking

98 Vague language a vague idea, things, stuff, a bit, roughly

99 Formal and informal English buy vs purchase, kids vs children

100 Abbreviations and abbreviated words CV, MP, e.g., etc., lab, fridge, bike

Look at Exercise 1.1 on the next page before you read this page.

Have a routine

A routine means doing certain things often and in the same way If you are using this book for self-study (= to study alone), it helps to have a routine So, how much time can you

spend on the book each day or each week? Here are some ideas:

• if you are studying a new unit, spend at least (= a minimum of) half an hour or

45 minutes

• if you are revising (= studying a unit for a second or third time), five or ten minutes is

very useful

So, plan longer periods for new units and shorter periods for revision.

Using the book

Do different things to maintain your interest (= keep your interest high) For example:

1 Don’t study the units in the same order as the book Choose (= select) units that interest

you (= are interesting for you)

2 When you do a unit, you can read the whole (= all) of the left-hand page (= page

on the left), then do the exercises Or, do the exercises first, then read the

left-hand page if there is a problem

3 Be active when you are learning For example:

• when you are reading the left-hand page, use a highlighter pen

to mark new or interesting vocabulary;

• practise saying the words aloud (= speaking them), so you can pronounce them (= say the pronunciation), and also silently (= without a noise) in your head to help

you to remember them;

• put new words in your own notebook using some of the ideas from Unit 2

Revision

It’s easy to forget words that you learn, but if you revise for short periods,

it helps you to remember words and make them part of your active vocabulary Here are some ideas

1 Do exercises in pencil Check your answers when you finish,

then rub them out (= remove them using a rubber) Later,

come back and do the exercises again Use the left-hand page if you have a problem

2 When you read a left-hand page for a second time, have a blank piece of paper (= paper with no writing on it) with you When you come to a new word in bold with a

definition in (brackets), cover the definition (= put the paper over it) and try to define it

(= give the meaning/definition)

3 Revise for short periods but do it often Five minutes a day (NOTfive minutes per day)

is probably better than half an hour a week; but half an hour a week is probably betterthan two hours a month

4 Be active when you revise, e.g test yourself, practise the pronunciation, write downimportant words and phrases in your notebook with example sentences

Learning and revising with this book

1.1 Read these questions What do you think? (Answers are on the opposite page.)

1 Is it better to plan regular self-study, or just study when you’ve got some free time?

2 Is it a good idea to study the units in the same order as they appear in the book?

3 Is it a good idea to write down new words in a notebook when you are studying a unit?

4 Is it necessary to revise vocabulary (= study it again for a second or third time)?

5 Is it better to revise vocabulary occasionally for long periods of time, or is it better to revise regularly for short periods of time?

1.2 Find your way round the book.

• Turn to the Topic units in the Contents on pages iv–v

• Take a blank piece of paper and cover the right-hand side of the page with the examples

• Read the list of unit titles, and write down your own examples – one or two for each unit

• Are there any unit titles you don’t understand? Are there any units where you can’t think

of examples? If so, turn to that unit and find out what it is about

You could use similar titles in your own vocabulary notebook (see Unit 2).

1.3 Complete the table.

1.4 There is a mistake with the underlined words Can you correct each one?

1 Did you make all of the exercises?

2 I studied for one half hour

3 Do you always read the left page first?

4 I passed twenty minutes on the first exercise

5 I read the all page

1.5 True or False? If the sentence is false, rewrite it to make it true Write in pencil.

1 In this book, most of the important new vocabulary is shown in bold print. True

2 Definitions/explanations of new words are often in brackets after the word.

3 A routine means doing certain things in a different way each time.

4 If you maintain something at a level, it means you keep it at the same level.

5 At least 50 people means a maximum of 50 people.

6 If you write something then rub it out, you remove it from the page.

7 If you do something silently, you do it without a noise.

8 Revision means studying something for the first time.

9 If you read a whole book, you read all of it.

10 A blank piece of paper is full of writing.

Check your answers Look at any wrong answers carefully, then rub them out Do the

exercise again tomorrow.

definition define

revision

pronunciation

choice

interest

Organising your notebook

Give each page a title, e.g sport, education, verbs followed by an -ing form, etc When

you learn new words and phrases, write them on a suitable page

What do I need to record?

Keeping a vocabulary notebook A

2

B

C

You don’t need to record all of these things for every word or phrase The most important

thing is to show the words in typical examples Leave space in your notebook as well, then

you can come back and add more information later if you learn something new

Organising words on the page

Don’t just write lists of individual words Put words together that appear together, e.g.

blonde hair (opp black hair), get off the bus (= go out of the bus) Make the pages

interesting with pictures, diagrams and example sentences

Meaning a translation remember = lembrar [in Portuguese]

b definition/explanation A pond is an area of water smaller than a

lake.

c synonym or opposite awful (= terrible); ugly (opp beautiful)

e example sentence My hands were cold, so I put on my gloves.

Pronunciation phonemic symbols ache/ek/

or your own system ache [like ‘make’]

Part of speech noun (n), verb (v) gloves (n); remember (v); careful (adj) Grammar make a note + enjoy + -ing form; I enjoy going to parties.

example sentence weather (uncountable); We had lovely

weather in Italy.

Common partners phrase or sentence make a mistake; on the phone; (a) black

coffee (= coffee without milk)

Special style make a note purchase (= buy: formal) kids (= children:

informal)

Don’t pronounce the ‘w’ in wrist or the ‘b’ in thumb.

rise slowly rise sharply fall slowly fall sharply

Note both verbs are irregular:

rise/rose/risen; fall/fell/fallen

1

4

2 3 smile (v,n)

e.g She smiled at me yesterday

He gave me a big smile.She’s got a lovely smile

2.1 Organise this list of words into three groups and give each one a title.

Find the units in this book which may include these words Add more to each group.

2.2 Fill the gaps with suitable words to form common partners with the nouns in bold.

1 She’s the phone at the moment

2 A: Do you want milk and sugar? B: No, just a coffee, please.

3 If you’re cold, why don’t you your coat?

4 I don’t usually that mistake.

5 She me a big smile this morning.

6 It was the third of my left hand.

2.3 Underline the correct answer.

1 A pond is:

a bigger than a lake b smaller than a lake c the same size

2 I really enjoy:

3 When we were on holiday we had:

a lovely weathers b lovely weather c a lovely weather

4 The underlined letters in ache are pronounced the same as in:

5 The past tense of ‘fall’ is:

6 You can ‘get off’:

7 ‘Rise sharply’ means:

8 ‘Purchase’ is:

a an informal word for ‘buy’ b a formal word for ‘buy’ c a formal word for ‘child’

2.4 Look at the words below What is the best way to record their meaning? What other information would be useful? Use a dictionary to help you.

Example You could record ‘dream’ with a translation, a picture (see Unit 9), or an

explanation, e.g things you imagine in your sleep ‘Dream’ can be a verb ornoun and is often followed by ‘about’, e.g I dreamt about you

2.5 Write down three more nouns that often follow ‘take’ Do the same for ‘make’ and ‘do’.

take a shower make do

What dictionaries do I need?

Buy a good bilingual dictionary and a good English–English dictionary The bilingual

dictionary is easier for you to understand; but it’s also good for you to work in English

as much as possible

What information does a dictionary give me?

Look up a word (= find a word in a dictionary) and you will get this information.

• the meaning, e.g homesick = unhappy because you are away from home for a long

period

• the pronunciation (using phonemic symbols), e.g island/alənd/, lose/luz/, tiny/tani/

• the part of speech, e.g dirty adj (= adjective), choose v (= verb), law n (= noun)

• word grammar, e.g advice (U) (= uncountable noun), begin (began, begun) (= the past

tense and past participle)

• common collocations (see Unit 12), e.g do homework (NOTmake); It depends on you

(NOTof)

• example phrases or sentences, e.g The train leaves from platform seven.

• sometimes synonyms or opposites, e.g polite (syn = courteous; opp = impolite)

Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Cambridge Learner’s DictionaryLongman Dictionary of Contemporary English Longman Active Study DictionaryOxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Oxford Wordpower Dictionary

Using a dictionary A

3

B

C How can I use my dictionary?

When you look up a word, put a tick (✓) next to it Each time you return to a page with a

tick, look at it quickly to check you remember the word

When you see a new word or phrase in a text, first try to guess the meaning (= try to think

of the meaning from the context), then carry on (= continue) reading to see (= find out) if your guess is correct Use your dictionary to check the meaning (= find out if the meaning

is correct)Don’t just read definitions The example phrases and sentences show you how a word orphrase is used, and they often help you to understand the meaning more clearly

If you look up a word in a bilingual dictionary and get several different translations, check

in a monolingual dictionary to see which translation is the best one in the context

Remember that many words have more than one meaning The first meaning in thedictionary is not always the one you want Read through the different meanings

grammatical features part of speech

common collocations

example sentences

seat 1 /sit/noun [C] 1 something that you sit

on Please, have/take a seat (= sit down) • I’ve

booked three seats for the cinema tonight • the back/front seat of a car

SIT

3.1 Complete these sentences about dictionary use.

1 It’s important to have a good English–English dictionary and also a dictionary, which is easier to understand

2 Dictionaries show the using phonemic symbols

3 Dictionaries will tell you if a noun is countable or

4 Dictionaries show synonyms and where they exist

5 If you meet a word you don’t know, you can try to the meaning fromthe context, or you can it in a dictionary

3.2 Right or wrong? If the answer is wrong, correct it.

1 Advice is a countable noun. Wrong (advice is an uncountable noun)

2 Homesick means you are unhappy living at home and you want to leave.

3 You don’t make homework, you do homework.

4 Carry on means the same as continue.

5 The opposite of polite is unpolite.

6 The past tense of begin is begun.

7 Dirty is an adjective.

8 If you look up a word, you find the meaning in a dictionary.

9 Trains arrive at and leave from platforms.

10 Depend is followed by the preposition of.

3.3 In the word ‘island’ /alənd/, the letter ‘s’ is silent (= not pronounced) Use your dictionary

to find the silent letters in these words (Do not include the letter ‘e’ at the end of a word.)

knife comb castle salmon receipt

3.4 Use a dictionary to find the answers to these questions about words on the left-hand page.

1 What does tiny mean?

2 How do you pronounce lose? (Is it the same as ‘choose’ or ‘chose’?)

3 What is the opposite of lose a game?

4 What are the past tense and past participle of the verb choose?

5 What noun is formed from the verb choose?

6 What part of speech is homesick?

7 What two verbs often go before homesick?

8 Can you complete this common phrase? law and

3.5 Match the sentences on the left with the different meanings of ‘bar’ on the right.

1 They’ve put bars in front of the

window for extra security

2 We went to a bar in the centre of town

3 Could you get me a bar of chocolate?

4 You have to order drinks at the bar

bar 1

/ba
/noun [C]1 a place where alcoholic drinks are sold and drunk, or the

area behind the person serving the drinks I

met him in a bar in Soho.2 a small

block of something solid a chocolate bar • gold

bars3 a long, thin piece of metal

or wood There were bars on the downstairs

windows.

LONG PIECE

BLOCK DRINKING

Parts of speech

Special terms

Uncountable noun: (U) a noun which has no plural form and isn’t used with the indefinite

article, e.g Can you send me some information? (NOTan information or informations)

Plural noun: (pl) a noun which only has a plural form and isn’t used with the indefinite

article, e.g He was wearing blue trousers and a white shirt (NOTa blue trouser)

Infinitive: the base form of a verb, e.g We decided to stop for lunch.

Phrasal verb: a verb + adverb or preposition, e.g wake up, turn sth on, look after sth/sb Idiom: a group of words with a meaning that is different from the individual words, e.g.

never mind, keep an eye on sth, etc

Transitive verb: a verb which needs a direct object, e.g The police caught the man [‘the

man’ is the direct object of the verb ‘caught’] A verb which doesn’t need a direct object is

intransitive, e.g Tim and his brother are always arguing.

Informal: a word or phrase which is informal is used mostly in spoken English Formal

English is more common in writing or with people you don’t know very well

Many words also have synonyms, which are words with the same meaning, e.g ‘big’ and

‘large’ are synonyms in many contexts The opposite is ‘small’.

Word building

In the word uncomfortable, un- is a prefix, comfort is a root, and -able is a suffix Other

common prefixes include: re-, in- and dis- Suffixes include: -ity, -ment and -ive.

Pronunciation

Dictionaries show the pronunciation of a word using phonemic symbols, e.g book /bυk/,before/bfɔ/, cinema /snəmə/, and so on

Every word has one or more syllables, e.g ‘book’ has one syllable, ‘before’ has two

syllables, ‘cinema’ has three syllables, and so on

For pronunciation, it is important to know which syllable has the main stress, e.g on

‘before’ it is the second syllable (before), and on ‘cinema’ it is the first syllable (cinema),and so on

Punctuation

full stop . comma , brackets( ) hyphen- question mark ?

Hyphens are used to connect certain words or parts of a word together, e.g a ten-year-oldchild

nouns e.g chair, information, happinessverbs e.g choose, tell, complainadjectives e.g happy, tall, dangerousadverbs e.g slowly, carefully, oftenprepositions e.g in, at, on

articles e.g definite article (the); indefinite article (a/an)

English language words A